Reductor

STANDARDS
GEAR PROCESSING
VIBRATION MEASUREMENT OF ENCLOSED GEAR DRIVES
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies the procedure that shall be used for measuring the linear vibrations on
enclosed gear drives. The motion of the gear drive should be measured in 3 orthogonal
directions.
1.2 The standard includes instrumentation, test setup, test conditions, vibration measurement and
vibration limits.
1.3 Vibration limits are included to facilitate evaluation of filtered linear vibration levels. The limits
in this standard apply to enclosed gear drives mounted on a rigid foundation. The limits in this
standard do not apply to installed shaft mounted gear drives due to dynamics of the entire
drive / driven system. Semi and high speed drives are beyond the scope of this standard.
2. CONTENTS
CLAUSES PAGE
1. SCOPE ................................................................................................... 1
2. CONTENTS............................................................................................. 1
3. REFERENCES.......................................................................................... 1
4. DEFINITIONS.......................................................................................... 1
5. INSTRUMENTATION ................................................................................ 2
6. MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS ................................................................... 2
7. TRANSDUCER MOUNTING METHODS ....................................................... 5
8. TEST SETUP ........................................................................................... 5
9. TEST CONDITIONS .................................................................................. 5
10. VIBRATION MEASUREMENT ................................................................... 5
3. REFERENCES
FMS 6.300 Rust Preventive Run-in Oil

ANSI/AGMA 6123-B06 Design Manual for Enclosed Epicyclic Gear Drives
4. DEFINITIONS
CPM Cycles per minute

GMF Gear mesh frequency
Hz Hertz (cycles per second)
IPS-P inches per second - peak
RPM Revolutions per minute
TRMF Test range maximum frequency (CPM)
Hardcopy is Uncontrolled – Verification of Current Controlled Version at Falk Online Standards Intranet Site
This document contains proprietary information of the Rexnord Gear Group. Neither receipt nor possession thereof confers any right to
reproduce or use, or disclose in whole or in part, any such information without written authorization from the Rexnord Gear Group.
Security Grade: UNRESTRICTED Section: 8.010

Issued: September 2016 GEAR TECHNOLOGY Page: 1 OF 9
STANDARDS
GEAR PROCESSING
Filtered velocity The overall vibration divided into discrete frequencies using narrow band
electronic filters.
Accelerometer Transducer which provides an electrical signal proportional to the
acceleration of the gear drive surface.
Velocity transducer Transducer which provides an electrical signal proportional to the velocity
of the gear drive surface. It is inherently resistant to extraneously high
frequencies.
5. INSTRUMENTATION
The type of transducer selected for vibration measurement shall be suitable for the method of
measurement, and it shall be used within its calibrated limits. Transducer calibration shall be
valid for the method of mounting used.
5.1 Housing Transducers: Accelerometers or velocity transducers are recommended for

measurement of housing vibration. The proper transducer should be selected by matching the
frequency range of interest with the frequency response range of the transducer. The upper
frequency limit of the vibration measurement is influenced by the resonant frequency of joint
stiffness in the mounting arrangement of the accelerometer or velocity transducer. Generally,
accelerometers exhibit a flat frequency response over a higher frequency range than velocity
transducers. Specifications and mounting arrangements should be reviewed before selecting
transducer.
The low frequency limit is a property of the accelerometer design and is typically 60 CPM (1 Hz)
but can be as low as 6 CPM (0.1 Hz).The low frequency limit of velocity transducers are typically
greater than that for accelerometers. Generally, the high frequency limit of velocity transducers is
typically lower than that for accelerometers.
5.2 Shaft Transducers: Non-contact displacement (proximity) probes are recommended for the
measurement of shaft vibration in gear drives equipped with sleeve type journal bearings. These
proximity probes are located at a fixed distance from the shaft. The distance is given in the
manufacturer’s instructions manual and is a function of the sensitivity range of the transducer.
Frequency response must also be verified, since it varies with the type of non-contact
displacement probe. Transducer specifications should be reviewed to ensure proper application of
the transducer.
5.3 Calibration: The transducers shall be calibrated according to Rexnord Gauge Control System.
6. MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS
Transducers mounted to the housing should be securely mounted on the structural section which
supports the bearings (not on end covers, flexible housing panels, etc.) and as near to the
bearings as possible. Three orthogonal directions, two radial (vertical and horizontal) and one
axial, should be measured at a minimum of two bearing locations. One location should be as near
as possible to a high speed bearing and the other should be in close proximity to a low speed
bearing. See Figures 1 – 4 for typical mounting examples.

STANDARDS
GEAR PROCESSING
Figure 1- Housing transducers mounting locations (parallel shaft drive)
Figure 2 – Housing transducers mounting locations (concentric shaft drive)

STANDARDS
GEAR PROCESSING
TRANSDUCERS WITH DOUBLE BAR MAGNET REQUIRED ON CURVED SURFACES
Figure 3 – Housing transducers mounting locations (planetary drive)
Figure 4 ─ Housing transducers mounting locations (right angle drive)

STANDARDS
GEAR PROCESSING
7. TRANSDUCER MOUNTING METHODS
7.1 The mounting method will affect the frequency response of the transducer. The recommended
mounting is with a threaded stud or quick disconnect clip mount. Bonding material can be used for
non-field based applications. Magnetic mounting is acceptable up to approximately 300,000 CPM
(5,000 Hz), provided the magnet is suitable for the vibration level. A threaded stud is acceptable to
approximately 600,000 CPM (10,000 Hz).
7.2 Non-contact shaft transducers should be mounted on rigid brackets which are commonly
attached to the housing by retainer bolts. The transducers are generally mounted in two
perpendicular directions. Since shaft transducers will measure the radial runout of the target
surface as well as the vibratory motion, discretion should be used when positioning the
transducer.
8. TEST SETUP
The gear drive test setup is based on the reference test instructions prepared by Engineering.
They will include the following:
• Alignment requirements to drive/driven equipment.
• Mounting requirements to test plate.
• Method of connecting the drive to motive power (i.e. Direct coupled, cardan shaft, or V-
Belt)
• Filled to the specified oil level with standard run-in oil (FMS 6.300) or other oil as a
specified by the reference test instructions.
9. TEST CONDITIONS
The enclosed gear drive is to be run and vibration data taken:

• At the maximum nameplate speed in revolutions per minute (RPM) or other speeds as
indicated on the test instructions. Consideration should be given to testing variable speed
drives at different operating speeds within the operating range.
• With no load, light load, percentage of full load, or full load as noted in the test instructions.
The preferred method of vibration testing is under a full load condition.
• In one direction of rotation unless noted in the test instructions.
10. VIBRATION MEASUREMENT
10.1 Units of Measurement: Acceptable units of measurements are listed in Table1.
Table 1 – Acceptable units for vibration measurements Customary

ITEM UNITS
Acceleration g-P (g’s peak; 1 g = 386 in/sec2)
Velocity IPS - P (in/sec - peak)
1
Displacement mil P-P (mil peak to peak; 1 mil =0.001 inch)
CPM (cycles/min)
Frequency
Hz (Hertz; 1 Hz = 1 cycle/sec)
Note: 1) Displacement for non-contacting measurement of shaft vibration.

STANDARDS
GEAR PROCESSING
Table 1 – Acceptable units for vibration measurements [SI]

ITEM UNITS
Acceleration g-P (g’s peak; 1 g = 9800 mm/sec2)
Velocity mm/sec-P (millimeters/sec - peak)
Displacement1 µm P-P (micrometers peak to peak; 1 micrometer =0.001 mm)
CPM (cycles/min)
Frequency
Hz (Hertz; 1 Hz = 1 cycle/sec)
Note: 1) Displacement for non-contacting measurement of shaft vibration.
10.2 Vibration Limits: The filtered vibration limit for gear meshes is 0.20 IPS-P [5.1 mm/sec -P].
The filtered vibration limit for bearings and shaft rotational frequencies is 0.10 IPS-P [ 2.5 mm/sec-
P]. These limits are for a “typical” Rexnord industrial gear drive on a “typical” solid foundation
where all vibration is measured on a rigid structural surface of the gear drive and expressed in
velocity unit of inches/second-peak. Semi and high speed drives are beyond the scope of these
limits.
10.3 Vibration Documentation: The vibration data is available in printed or electronic file format.
The documentation will include information required by the test instructions and the vibration
spectrum plots of amplitude (IPS-P) verses frequency (CPM).
10.4 Standard Vibration Test Parameters: The following parameters will be used for a standard
vibration test unless special vibration test instructions are specified by Engineering. Consult
ANSI/AGMA 6123 for calculating component frequencies on planetary gear drives.
10.4.1 Data will be taken at two locations; 1) low speed bearing and 2) high speed
bearing. At each location there will be three measurements; one horizontal, one vertical
and one axial.
10.4.2 Each data set is defined from zero cycles per minute (CPM) to the upper frequency
limit for the rotational frequency range, the gear mesh frequency (GMF) range and the
bearing frequency range. Each upper frequency limit is defined by the equations in this
clause. The test range maximum frequency (TRMF) will be the maximum frequency upper
limit of all rotating components.
10.4.3 Rotational frequency range (CPM): The fundamental rotational frequency and 2, 3
and potentially 4 times the fundamental frequency can have peaks in the frequency
spectrum. Therefore, a factor of 4.0 is used when calculating the frequency upper limit. To
ensure that the frequency spectrum displays all these peaks, a 1.10 factor is also included
in the calculation to increase the frequency upper limit by 10%. Intermediate shaft
frequencies are not calculated, since they will be between the input shaft and output shaft
frequencies.
inputshaftF = inputshaftRPM
Where
inputshaftF Input shaft frequency, CPM

inputshaftRPM Input shaft rotational speed, RPM

STANDARDS
GEAR PROCESSING
inputshaftFUL = (inputshaftF )(4.0)(1.10)
Where
inputshaftFUL Input shaft frequency upper limit, CPM
 inputshaftRPM 
outputshaftF =  
 ratio 
Where
outputshaftF Output shaft frequency, CPM

ratio ratio of gear drive
outputshaftFUL = (outputshaftF )(4.0)(1.10)
Where
outputshaftFUL Output shaft frequency upper limit, CPM
10.4.4 Gear mesh frequency range (CPM): The fundamental gear mesh frequency (GMF)
and 2, 3 and potentially 4 times the GMF can have peaks in the frequency spectrum.
Therefore, a factor of 4.0 is used when calculating the GMF upper limit. To ensure that the
frequency spectrum displays all these peaks, a 1.10 factor is also included in the
calculation to increase the GMF upper limit by 10%. The GMF for a given gear mesh can
be calculated with the rotational speed and number of teeth of either the respective gear or
pinion. Intermediate gear mesh frequencies will be between the high speed and low speed
gear mesh frequencies.
GMF = (No.teeth )(shaftRPM )
Where
GMF GMF, CPM

No.teeth Number of teeth of rotating element (pinion or gear)
shaftRPM Rotational speed of element’s shaft (pinion or gear), RPM
GMFUL = (GMF )(4.0)(1.10)

Where
GMFUL GMF Upper Limit, CPM
10.4.5 Bearing frequency range (CPM): There are four component frequencies
associated with each bearing. The bearing manufacturer, bearing number and shaft speed
will be required to determine bearing frequencies.
• BPFI: Ball (or roller) pass frequency inner raceway, CPM

STANDARDS
GEAR PROCESSING
• BPFO: Ball (or roller) pass frequency outer raceway, CPM

• BSF: Ball (or roller) spin frequency, CPM
• FTF: Fundamental train (cage) frequency, CPM
Consult the bearing manufacturer or their website for information on bearing frequencies.
Detailed information on calculating bearing frequencies is beyond the scope of this
document.
The bearing frequency upper limit for each bearing can be determined from the following
equations. The fundamental bearing frequencies and 2, 3 and potentially 4 times the
fundamental frequencies can have peaks in the frequency spectrum. Therefore, a factor of
4.0 is used when calculating each frequency upper limit. To ensure that the frequency
spectrum displays all these peaks, a 1.10 factor is also included in the calculation to
increase each bearing frequency upper limit by 10%.
BF = max (BPFI , BPFO , BSF , FTF )
Where
BF Bearing frequency, CPM
BFUL = (BF )(4.0)(1.10)
Where
BFUL Bearing frequency upper limit, CPM
10.4.6 Test range maximum frequency: The test range maximum frequency for the shafts,
bearings and gear meshes is determined by the equation below.
TRMF = max (inputshaftFUL, outputshaftFUL, max (GMFUL ), max (BFUL ))
Where
TRMF Test range maximum frequency, CPM
10.4.7 Example:
Double reduction gear drive:

Input shaft: 1800 RPM
Output shaft: 99.11 RPM
Input Pinion: 16 teeth
Output Gear: 76 teeth
Gear drive ratio: 18.1618:1
Input shaft Bearing Output shaft Bearing
BPFI=22,106 CPM BPFI=1,217 CPM
BPFO=17,494 CPM BPFO=963 CPM
BSF=14,681 CPM BSF=808 CPM

STANDARDS
GEAR PROCESSING
FTF=796 CPM FTF=44 CPM
Rotational Frequency Upper Limit

inputshaftF = (1800) = 1800CPM
inputshaftFUL = (1800)(4.0)(1.10) = 7920CPM
 1800 
outputshaftF =   = 99.11CPM
 18.1618 
outputshaftFUL = (99.11)(4.0)(1.10) = 436CPM
High Speed GMF Upper Limit

GMF = (16)(1800) = 28800CPM
GMFUL = (28800)(4.0)(1.10) = 126720CPM
Low Speed GMF Upper Limit

GMF = (76)(99.11) = 7532CPM
GMFUL = (7532 )(4.0)(1.10) = 33141CPM
Input shaft Bearing Upper Limit

BF = max (22106,17494,14681,796) = 22106CPM
BFUL = (22106)(4.0)(1.10) = 97266CPM
Output shaft Bearing Upper Limit

BF = max (1217,963,808,44 ) = 1217CPM
BFUL = (1217 )(4.0)(1.10) = 5355CPM
Test Range Maximum Frequency

TRMF = max (7920,436, max (126720,33141), max (97266,5355)) = 126720CPM
The frequency test range for the shafts, bearings and gear meshes in this gear drive is 6 –
126,720 CPM (see clause 5.1 for source of lower limit.)
Revision History
September 2016 – Initial Release
160923_GT_8-010.docx


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STANDARDS

VIBRATION MEASUREMENT OF ENCLOSED GEAR DRIVES

FMS 6.300 Rust Preventive Run-in Oil

CPM Cycles per minute

Security Grade: UNRESTRICTED Section: 8.010

5.1 Housing Transducers: Accelerometers or velocity transducers are recommended for

Security Grade: UNRESTRICTED Section: 8.010

Figure 1- Housing transducers mounting locations (parallel shaft drive)

Figure 2 – Housing transducers mounting locations (concentric shaft drive)

Security Grade: UNRESTRICTED Section: 8.010

TRANSDUCERS WITH DOUBLE BAR MAGNET REQUIRED ON CURVED SURFACES

Figure 3 – Housing transducers mounting locations (planetary drive)

Figure 4 ─ Housing transducers mounting locations (right angle drive)

Security Grade: UNRESTRICTED Section: 8.010

7. TRANSDUCER MOUNTING METHODS

The enclosed gear drive is to be run and vibration data taken:

10. VIBRATION MEASUREMENT

10.1 Units of Measurement: Acceptable units of measurements are listed in Table1.

Table 1 – Acceptable units for vibration measurements Customary

Security Grade: UNRESTRICTED Section: 8.010

Table 1 – Acceptable units for vibration measurements [SI]

inputshaftF Input shaft frequency, CPM

Security Grade: UNRESTRICTED Section: 8.010

inputshaftFUL = (inputshaftF )(4.0)(1.10)

inputshaftFUL Input shaft frequency upper limit, CPM

outputshaftF Output shaft frequency, CPM

outputshaftFUL = (outputshaftF )(4.0)(1.10)

outputshaftFUL Output shaft frequency upper limit, CPM

GMF = (No.teeth )(shaftRPM )

GMF GMF, CPM

GMFUL = (GMF )(4.0)(1.10)

GMFUL GMF Upper Limit, CPM

Security Grade: UNRESTRICTED Section: 8.010

• BPFO: Ball (or roller) pass frequency outer raceway, CPM

BF = max (BPFI , BPFO , BSF , FTF )

BF Bearing frequency, CPM

BFUL = (BF )(4.0)(1.10)

BFUL Bearing frequency upper limit, CPM

TRMF = max (inputshaftFUL, outputshaftFUL, max (GMFUL ), max (BFUL ))

TRMF Test range maximum frequency, CPM

Double reduction gear drive:

Security Grade: UNRESTRICTED Section: 8.010

FTF=796 CPM FTF=44 CPM

Rotational Frequency Upper Limit

High Speed GMF Upper Limit

Low Speed GMF Upper Limit

Input shaft Bearing Upper Limit

Output shaft Bearing Upper Limit

Test Range Maximum Frequency

Security Grade: UNRESTRICTED Section: 8.010

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