1

Medical Interventions

Name

Course

Institution

Date
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Introduction:

In this hypothetical scenario, we explore the assessment and care provided to

Baby Sam by the A&E staff. The physicians saw many concerning symptoms, such as
muscular wasting, dehydration, skin rashes, and an unwillingness to eat. It was critical
to identify and address the underlying medical conditions threatening Baby Sam's
health. As an alternative method for giving drugs and fluids during the operation,
intraosseous cannulation was used. By using this technique, much-required treatments
might be delivered rapidly and effectively. We also talk about the role of the
multidisciplinary team in providing comprehensive and coordinated care for Baby Sam,
and the importance of the family's participation in his treatment. To ensure the best
possible outcomes for Baby Sam and his parents, the medical team made concerted
efforts to communicate, understand, and work together.

Medical Interventions

Part 2

Assessment of the Child at A&E

When Baby Sam arrived at the Accident and Emergency department, a

comprehensive evaluation was done to determine the state of his health. The medical
professionals saw a number of alarming indications that required rapid medical
treatment. Baby Sam had a floppy appearance, showing signs of muscular wasting and
weakness (Amir-Behghadami & Janati, 2020). This symptom raised the potential of a
systemic or neurological ailment. His sluggishness aroused questions about his general
health and suggested a possible problem with his motor function. In addition, Baby Sam
showed indications of dehydration (Wolfe et al., 2020). He showed signs of dehydration,
as seen by his dry mouth. Sunken fontanelles, the soft areas on a baby's skull, and
reduced urine production all supported the dehydration diagnosis. These symptoms
suggested that Baby Sam's body was lacking in the essential fluids (Wolfe et al., 2020).
Furthermore, there were rashes under Baby Sam's eyes, which was a noteworthy
dermatological finding. These rashes may arise for a number of reasons, including
allergies, infections, or other skin disorders. More research and evaluation were needed
 3

to identify the underlying reason for the rashes (Amir-Behghadami & Janati, 2020).
Baby Sam's unwillingness to eat was a worrying side effect. This absence of reaction
suggested a lowered degree of awareness or a changed state of mind. Infection,
neurological problems, or other underlying diseases impairing his capacity to participate
in eating were possible explanations (Wolfe et al., 2020). To find the root of the issue
and take care of the possible danger to Baby Sam's safety, immediate action was
required. Overall, Baby Sam's first evaluation revealed a complicated clinical picture
with a number of alarming signs, such as floppiness, dehydration, rashes under the
eyes, and an inability to take feeds. This need urgent medical attention to identify and
treat the underlying conditions harming his health.

Intervention: Intraosseous Cannula Insertion

Baby Sam's floppy condition rendered the conventional intravenous (IV) access
ineffective, therefore the medical team chose to use an alternate strategy instead: the
intraosseous (IO) cannula (Barker et al., 2019). It was established that Baby Sam could
successfully receive necessary drugs and fluids via the IO cannula. The IO cannula was
inserted by the doctor, displaying their proficiency with this technique. A number of
important criteria had a role in determining whether the IO cannula insertion was
successful (Barker et al., 2019). First, after inserting the IO cannula, the healthcare
professional carefully observed the flow and delivery of fluids and drugs. This
observation enabled them to check that the cannula had been put appropriately and that
Baby Sam's system was receiving the fluids and drugs as intended. Additionally, Baby
Sam's behavior after the IO access revealed important clues about how well the
intervention worked (Barker et al., 2019). His clinical state was evaluated by the medical
staff, who looked for indicators of improvement such improved vital signs, enhanced
responsiveness, and better hydration (Richins et al., 2020). If these beneficial
alterations were seen, it would be proof that Baby Sam's medical demands had been
successfully met by the IO cannula, which had successfully administered the required
medication (Carroll et al., 2020). The medical staff determined that the IO cannula
insertion was successful by taking into account both the correct supply of fluids and
drugs via the device and Baby Sam's favorable reaction.
 4

Research on Intraosseous Cannulation

When regular intravenous (IV) access is challenging or not easily possible,

intraosseous (IO) cannulation is a well-established and efficient procedure used in
emergency medicine to offer quick access to the circulatory system. Using this method,
the highly vascularized marrow space is directly accessed by introducing a specialized
needle or catheter into the bone marrow, generally in the tibia (shinbone) or humerus
(upper arm bone) (Carroll et al., 2020). Once the cannula is in place, it is possible to
quickly provide fluids, medicines, and blood products without the requirement for
peripheral venous access (Ordu et al., 2020). The use of IO access has continually
been validated by research in a variety of circumstances, notably in those involving
young children for whom vascular access might be difficult or urgent. Traditional IV
access is more challenging to obtain in pediatric patients because their veins are often
smaller. Additionally, due to the fragility of their veins, frequent needle insertions for IV
access may be painful and could cause extravasation or infiltration. Time is of the
importance in emergency circumstances, thus ensuring quick access to life-saving
therapies is essential (Carroll et al., 2020). In these crucial circumstances, IO access
offers a dependable and effective substitute (Ordu et al., 2020). Numerous studies have
shown that IO cannulation may be effectively carried out even in time-sensitive
conditions when the prompt administration of drugs or fluids is crucial for improving
patient outcomes, such as cardiac arrest, severe trauma, or deep sepsis (Carroll et al.,
2020). Numerous studies have looked at the use of IO access in pediatric patients, and
they have consistently shown high success rates and positive therapeutic results.
Studies have shown that IO cannulation in pediatric patients is equivalent to regular IV
access in terms of medication administration, resuscitation, and therapeutic response
(McIntyre & Chow, 2020). Research has also shown that IO access may be set up
rapidly by healthcare professionals, even those with little training, emphasizing its
simplicity and viability in emergency circumstances.
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Pros of Intraosseous Cannulation:

When quick access to the vascular system is required, intraosseous (IO)

cannulation is a useful method. It has a number of benefits in emergency care. The
ability to get fast access to the vascular system is one of the main advantages since it
enables the prompt delivery of important drugs and fluids in urgent conditions (McIntyre
& Chow, 2020). Even when standard intravenous (IV) access is difficult or impossible,
research repeatedly shows that IO access has a high success rate (Hussain et al.,
2019). This makes IO cannulation a dependable fallback when other approaches are
impractical. IO access offers a workable approach, guaranteeing that critical therapies
may be administered swiftly, in situations when patients have challenging venous
access or are in shock conditions (Hussain et al., 2019). The adaptability of IO
cannulation is another benefit. It enables the administration of a wide variety of
pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics, fluid resuscitation solutions, and emergency
medications (McGrath et al., 2020). This adaptability results from the IO cannula being
inserted directly into the bone marrow, which has a plentiful blood supply (Hussain et
al., 2019). Therefore, drugs and fluids administered via IO access may enter the
circulatory system quickly and effectively reach their targeted destinations.

Cons of Intraosseous Cannulation:

Although intraosseous (IO) cannulation provides a number of benefits, it is

important to take into account any possible risks and restrictions connected with this
procedure. Even though they are uncommon, problems include infection, compartment
syndrome, extravasation, and bone fracture are possible. Healthcare professionals get
the necessary training and follow protocols while doing IO cannulation in order to
reduce these dangers (Kamper et al., 2020). This guarantees that the treatment is
carried out precisely and securely. It's also crucial to remember that IO access is often
seen as a temporary solution (Lawton et al., 2019). When IV access is difficult or
impractical, vascular access may be a useful backup, but as soon as the patient's health
permits it, attempts should be made to establish more permanent kinds of vascular
access. This guarantees that long-term care and therapy may be given without simply
depending on the IO cannula. Given the challenges in obtaining IV access and the
 6

pressing need to deliver antibiotics in Baby Sam's situation, the use of the IO cannula
was an appropriate solution (Matifat et al., 2019). The IO cannula enabled the quick
supply of vital drugs and fluids, effectively treating Baby Sam's suspected illness
(McGrath et al., 2020). As part of continuous treatment, it is necessary to aggressively
seek for alternate vascular access methods and to regularly monitor the IO site for any
indications of problems.

Part 3:

Family Involvement in Baby Sam's Care

Sam, being a newborn, need his parents' help in order to get the particular care
he needs. Because of its focus on family participation in therapy, Casey's Partnership
Working Model is widely used in contemporary healthcare settings. If a healthcare team
adopts this idea, they should include the patient's loved ones to every step of the
process, from diagnosis through discharge planning (Hovish et al., 2021). Without his
parents there, the medical personnel felt helpless in their efforts to care for Baby Sam.
Baby Sam's care plan reflects his out-of-the-ordinary birth and was developed with
assistance from the family (Hovish et al., 2021). Without his parents there, the medical
personnel felt helpless in their efforts to care for Baby Sam. Baby Sam's care plan
reflects his out-of-the-ordinary birth and was developed with assistance from the family.
Individual health histories and parental concerns regarding their children's health were
solicited from the participants. The group's attempts to meet Baby Sam's requirements
benefitted immensely from their ability to communicate and collaborate with one
another.

Information Delivery and Understanding

Because of their dementia, Sam's parents are unable to comprehend even the
most basic ideas. Doctors may have helped the parents more effectively if they had
taken into account their special situation and chosen educational methods. Experts
largely agreed that giving parents comprehensive information about their child's
diagnosis, readily available therapy, and expected course of care would enable them to
 7

make the best decisions (Hovish et al., 2021). When it came time to choose Baby Sam's
diagnosis and course of treatment, the medical professionals provided a lot of
contradictory information. To make sure that the parents of a sick child completely
understood the issue and knew what to do next, they employed straightforward
language and visual aids. When it came time to choose Baby Sam's diagnosis and
course of treatment, the medical professionals provided a lot of contradictory
information (Glass, 1999). To make sure that the parents of a sick child completely
understood the issue and knew what to do next, they employed straightforward
language and visual aids. A doctor or nurse will repeat the explanation if a parent still
doesn't comprehend (Glass, 1999). The medical staff kept lines of communication open,
allowing them to respond to the parents' worries and inquiries concerning Baby Sam's
condition.

Effective Communication Strategies

Direct and polite contacts between healthcare providers and parents would have
facilitated open lines of communication. They would have encouraged the parents to
talk about their concerns about Baby Sam, ask questions, and provide input. This
approach creates a welcoming space where parents may feel comfortable contributing
to decision-making (Hobson et al., 2021). Communication between the healthcare
professionals and Baby Sam's parents centered on being open and friendly. The
doctors and nurses took the parents' perspectives into consideration and listened
attentively to their concerns. They also urged them to ask any queries that could have
arisen (Woolf et al., 2021). This tactic fostered an environment of mutual respect and
trust, which improved interaction and collaboration. Communication between the
healthcare professionals and Baby Sam's parents centered on being open and friendly.
The doctors and nurses took the parents' perspectives into consideration and listened
attentively to their concerns. They also urged them to ask any queries that could have
arisen (Pontikos et al., 2020). This tactic fostered an environment of mutual respect and
trust, which improved interaction and collaboration. The doctors and nurses gave Baby
Sam's parents equal consideration and made sure they felt heard and valued. They
spent time explaining everything from medical terminology to procedures to treatment
 8

options in a way that made sense (Vivancos et al., 2022). Through open lines of
communication, the healthcare staff aimed to gain the parents' trust and encourage their
participation in decision-making.

Informed Decision Making

The doctors and nurses would have given Baby Sam's parents all the facts they
needed to make a well-informed choice regarding their child's care. They would have
discussed all of the potential side effects, benefits, and other considerations associated
with each therapy option (Vivancos et al., 2022). As a result, parents were better able to
understand the implications of their decisions and take an active role in determining
what was best for their child (Pritchard et al., 2021). The doctors and nurses gave Baby
Sam's parents all the data they needed to make an informed decision about his care.
They took part in discussions to examine alternatives and provided detailed descriptions
of available treatments along with their benefits, drawbacks, and dangers. The parents'
involvement in the decision-making process increased their sense of ownership and
responsibility.

Supporting the Parents' Role

The medical staff would have welcomed the parents' input since they would have
recognized them as vital members of Baby Sam's care team (Pritchard et al., 2021).
This may have required collaborating with other medical professionals, offering
resources and support groups for parents of children with similar medical concerns, and
providing education and training pertaining to Baby Sam's condition in order to ensure
consistency and coordination in his care. Because they were valued contributors to the
care team, parents received individualized attention from medical staff and access to
tools designed just for them (Vaughan et al., 2020). Helping Baby Sam's parents may
include sharing knowledge about his condition, facilitating access to support groups,
and facilitating dialogue with other medical professionals. The medical personnel helped
the parents fulfill their responsibility for Baby Sam's care in its entirety.
 9

Ensurinfg Effective Communication and Understanding

The parents of Baby Sam were involved in caring for him despite the fact that
they also had learning problems. Following Casey's Model of Partnership Working,
medical staff took measures to ensure the parents' full understanding of the information
presented (Vaughan et al., 2020). By changing their approach, sharing information in a
clear and accessible manner, and offering support, the healthcare personnel helped the
parents make informed choices and actively engage in their child's care. The fact that
Baby Sam's parents were involved in his care despite their own learning difficulties
demonstrates the healthcare team's commitment to family-centered care (Vaughan et
al., 2020). To facilitate effective communication and understanding between the
parents, healthcare providers used strategies from Casey's Model of Partnership
Working. They adjusted their approach to use plain language, visual aids, and other
methods that make the content easy to understand (Anderson et al., 2019). When
making important decisions, the medical team made sure the parents were included
(Kuri et al., 2020). The parents felt safe to express their concerns, ask questions, and
provide their perspectives in an open and accepting environment (Harrison Dening et
al., 2019). The doctors and nurses caring for Baby Sam respected the parents' input
and recognized the importance of the parents' unique perspective and experience
(Houtepen et al., 2020).

Part 4

Involvement of Multidisciplinary Team (MDT)

It takes open lines of communication and teamwork to solve problems for the
MDT to provide comprehensive and coordinated treatment. Looking at this situation
allows us to assess the leadership present, the nurse's involvement, and the team's
cooperation (Hamzawi et al., 2022).

Teamwork and Collaboration and Role of Leadership

According to the information that was presented, the Multi-Disciplinary Team

collaborated well in the case of Baby Sam. The group of physicians, anesthesiologist,
nurse, and consultant responded effectively and expeditiously to all of Baby Sam's
 10

medical concerns and demands (Fehervari et al., 2023). Their ability to evaluate,
diagnose, and treat any conceivable illness that Baby Sam may have was a credit to
their competence in working together as a team. It is very necessary for an MDT to
have the capacity to coordinate and encourage collaboration among its individual
members (Mitchell et al., 2023). It is possible that the consultant played the role of a
leader de facto by organizing the activities of the many caregivers who were
participating (Mitchell et al., 2023). The consultant would have been responsible for
monitoring the whole of Baby Sam's case management, ensuring that all parties
involved collaborated effectively and arrived at reasonable conclusions.

Role of the Nurse In the scenario

The nurse played an essential part in providing care for Baby Sam. Because of
her position as the provider's representative, the nurse took extra precautions to ensure
that Baby Sam's medications were administered correctly and without incident
(Richards et al., 2023). As part of this, it was necessary to monitor the patient for any
unpleasant responses or side effects and ensure that the correct dosage of medicine
was administered in line with the pharmaceutical administration protocols that had been
recommended. The nurse played an important part in determining how Baby Sam would
react to the therapy by monitoring his progress (Chowdhury et al., 2019). This included
keeping a tight eye on Baby Sam's health and recording any and all observations in real
time as they were made (Lee et al., 2023). The nurse will be able to react appropriately
and change the treatment plan as necessary if she keeps a careful eye on Baby Sam so
that she can identify any signals of improvement, decline, or difficulties and respond
accordingly. In addition to the delivery and monitoring of medications, the nurse was
responsible for maintaining clear lines of communication and coordinating the activities
of the multidisciplinary team (Lee et al., 2023). To ensure that everyone was on the
same page about Baby Sam's care, the nurse would have provided an update to the
rest of the team on any new information, concerns, or observations that were
particularly notable.
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Importance of the Nurse's Role

The nurse's role in caring for Baby Sam was essential. The nurse's proficiency
with medication administration, patient assessment, and interpersonal communication
made a significant difference in the standard of care provided. The nurse took great
care to provide Baby Sam's meds at just the proper times (Di Fabio et al., 2022). The
nurse's vigilant monitoring of Baby Sam's vitals and assessment of the infant's response
to treatment were also crucial for early detection of any deviations or problems and
subsequent rapid correction. The nurse's ability to communicate was crucial to the
success of their collaboration (Di Fabio et al., 2022). The nurse would have informed
the rest of the team about Baby Sam's condition and progress, which would have
helped with decision-making and kept everyone up to date (Oliver et al., 2023). The
nurse's presence on the MDT boosted collaboration and ensured consistent care.

Effectiveness of Nurse's Role Based on the information providedthe

Baby Sam seemed to be in excellent hands with the nurse. Keep in mind that
important details about the nurse's involvement and contributions were left out of the
scenario (Soukup et al., 2023). To assess the nurse's performance in its whole, other
factors, such as collaboration with other team members, documentation, and
communication, would need to be considered (Soukup et al., 2023). A nurse's major
responsibility is to provide holistic, patient-centered care, which is why they are actively
involved in the medication preparation, administration, monitoring, and communication
processes (McLellan et al., 2022). The multiethnic group working on Baby Sam looked
to function well as a unit, serving as a model of good teamwork (Ratnaraja et al., 2021).
The consultant has probably taken the lead by coordinating the efforts of the team. The
nurse's contributions to Baby Sam's care were extensive, particularly in the areas of
medication management, patient monitoring, and coordination of care. Safe medicine
administration, constant monitoring of Baby Sam's condition, and efficient MDT
communication were all facilitated by the nurse's presence (Trivedi, 2019). The nurse's
expertise in this area guaranteed that Baby Sam got his medications in a timely and
secure manner (Ratnaraja et al., 2021). The nurse helped ensure the therapy's success
by adhering to standard operating protocols, double-checking dosages, and monitoring
 12

for adverse reactions. The nurse's frequent monitoring of Baby Sam's condition and
accurate recording of observations were essential for tracking his development and
spotting any changes or challenges. With this information, the multicultural team may
have worked together better (Trivedi, 2019). Although the nurse's exact role in Baby
Sam's care remains unclear, it is likely that they played an essential role in the
administration of medications, monitoring of the patient, and exchange of information
(Ratnaraja et al., 2021). The nurse's advice would have helped maintain care
consistency, encourage sound decision making, and promote productive cooperation.

Things that Could have Been Better

There is room for improvement in the area of role definition. Although everyone
on the team played an important part in taking care of Baby Sam, it would have been
helpful to outline their specific responsibilities. As a result, there would be less room for
confusion or wasted effort, leading to more productive collaboration and more efficient
use of available resources. Effective communication is another crucial aspect that can
constantly be enhanced (McLellan et al., 2022). Team members were involved in Baby
Sam's care, but it is essential that they communicate well with one another (McLellan et
al., 2022). Effective and timely communication has the potential to reduce the
occurrence of misconceptions, facilitate the dissemination of critical information, and
promote collective decision-making. Coordination and task allocation are essential to
the success of any team. The consultant's role as team leader called for them to take
the initiative and steer team efforts. To achieve this goal, it is important to correctly
distribute tasks and ensure that the rest of the team is behind the nurse's initiatives in
areas such as medicine preparation, administration, monitoring, and communication.
Delegating tasks and coordinating efforts may help get things done more quickly and
make sure everyone is contributing as much as they can. Consistent advancement may
be fostered via regular team meetings or debriefing sessions. These get-togethers allow
participants to reflect on progress made and challenges encountered, identify areas for
growth, and put plans into action (McLellan et al., 2022). A mindset that encourages
constant growth and development is conducive to providing excellent service in a
proactive manner and a never-ending quest for excellence. Although the MDT in Baby
 13

Sam's case worked together well, they might have done better. Clear job description,
strong communication, collaboration, and delegation of tasks, and a focus on
continuous quality improvement may all help the team operate better (McLellan et al.,
2022). By addressing these concerns, the team will be better equipped to provide Baby
Sam and other patients in similar situations with high-quality, patient-centered care.
 14

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