Calculation memory of the photovoltaic system of 79.

2 kWp and the expected performance

for the characteristics of the installation site.

Ángel Marroquín de Jesús
División de Química y Energías
Renovables
Universidad Tecnológica de San
Juan del Río
Querétaro, México
amarroquind@utsjr.edu.mx
Sandra Soto Álvarez
División de Química y Energías
Renovables
Universidad Tecnológica de San
Juan del Río
Querétaro, México
ssotoa@utsjr.edu.mx
Marisela Cruz Pérez
División de Química y Energías
Renovables
Universidad Tecnológica de San
Juan del Río
Querétaro, México
mcruzp@utsjr.edu.mx
Luz Carmen Castillo Martínez
División de Química y Energías
Renovables
Universidad Tecnológica de San
Juan del Río
Querétaro, México
lccastillom@utsjr.edu.mx

Juan Manuel Olivares Ramírez Gustavo Manuel Espinosa Rütter

División de Química y Energías
Renovables
Universidad Tecnológica de San
Juan del Río
Querétaro, México
jmolivaresr@utsjr.edu.mx
Colegio de Ingenieros
Mecánicos, Electricistas,
Eléctricos y Profesiones Afines
del Estado de Querétaro, A.C..
Querétaro, México
gespinosarutter@yahoo.com.mx

Abstract— The criteria for designing and calculating the
performance of the photovoltaic system for this project is based
university in the select group of higher education institutions
that implement concrete actions in favor of the environment.
on the methodology proposed by the International Renewable
Energy Agency (IRENA) as the methodology to be followed by a II. LOCATION
certified designer. Calculations are presented to select the
protections on the alternating current and direct current side, as A. Installation site assessment
well as the sizes of the phase and grounding conductors, piping
and distribution boards, finally, data on the power generation of
The large amount of insolation present in most of the
the PV system interconnected to the grid 4 years after its
geography of our country is the basis for the generation of
operation is presented. photovoltaic and thermal solar energy. Topographical factors
such as the altitude, slope an orientation of the terrain, as well
Keywords— Renewable energy, solar energy, photovoltaic as the shadows produced by the surrounding topography,
systems, photovoltaic plants, distributed generation. influence the radiation received, which also depends on the
time of day and the time of year.
Table 1 Summary of geographic, climatic, and meteorological for the siting
study of the dimensioning and execution of the project
I. INTRODUCTION Geographical data
At the University of San Juan del Río it is truly clear, and it is
Installation site location Vista Hermosa, Municipality of San Juan
very much in mind that the use of renewable energy is very del Río. Queretaro.
profitable to reduce electricity costs and contribute to caring
for the environment. Renewable energy has been promoted at Latitude 20.369°
the university for several years. The annual energy Longitude -100.010°
Altitude 1978 meters above sea level
consumption is 422.5 MWh, the 79.2 kWp photovoltaic
system that will be installed on the roof of building “K”, will Climate and weather data
provide 30 percent of the energy demanded by the loads
installed in the university's teaching buildings and Peak solar hours 6.19 kWh/m2/day
laboratories, it will produce an economic saving of 20 percent Irradiance 5.6 kW/m2
in the payment of the electricity bill that is paid monthly to the Average temperature hot month 25.6°C
Federal Electricity Commission, provider of basic services.
The dimensioning and execution project of a photovoltaic Cold month average temperature 7.45°C
system interconnected to the grid at the Universidad Annual average temperature 19°C (10 m from the surface
Tecnológica de San Juan de Río, nominal power: 79.2 kWp, is )
a clear example that it is possible to move gradually towards Annual precipitation regime 586 mm
the use of renewable energies, with that the renewable energy
career that is currently offered is strengthened and places our

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

 There are three types of solar radiation, diffuse, direct and B. Module parameters adjusted by temperature
reflected, and in turn the global radiation that is the sum of the
three. On the surface of the earth in the best case it reaches
1000 W/m2. For the module temperature coefficient, we have that:
Direct radiation is that which arrives directly from the sun, 𝑽𝒕 = 𝑽𝒐𝒄 + (TC ∙Δ𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑 ∙ 𝑽𝒐𝒄). (1)
while diffuse radiation is the effect generated when solar
radiation reaching the surface of the earth’s atmosphere is Where:
scattered from its original direction by molecules in the
atmosphere. In the sizing calculations of solar photovoltaic Minimum temperature recorded at the site = 0°C (Vista
systems, it is often proper to consider the amount of solar Hermosa, San Juan del Río, Qro.)
radiation reflected by the surfaces adjacent to the photovoltaic 𝑽𝒕 = Output voltage at temperature different from 25°C
modules. The position of the sun varies during the day and
during the seasons, so the angle at which the sun’s rays strike a 𝑻𝑪 = Temperature coefficient
surface also varies. The contributions depend on the orientation Δ𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑 = Temperature differential
and inclination of the photovoltaic modules.
𝑽𝒕=46.90𝑽+(−0.0030/°𝑪∙(0−25°𝑪)∙46.9𝑽 (2)
B. Development of the calculation 𝑽𝒕 = 46.90𝑽 + 3.5175𝑽 (3)
The solar radiation at the project site is obtained from National 𝑽𝒕 =50.4175 ~ 50𝑽
Aeronautics and Space Administration data for latitude and
longitude at a specific inclination, normally the optimal
recommended inclination will be the latitude of the place with Inverter choice: Fronius Symo 15.0-3 208/220, nominal
a tolerance of +/- 5°; At an inclination of 20°, the available power of the inverter: 15,000 W.
annual irradiation is 6.19 HSP, because the roof of building
"K" was used, which has an inclination of 15°, a reduction
factor of 2.5° annual average is applied, leaving 6.04 HSP, Table 3. Summary of modules and strings per inverter.
irradiation available at the project site. The photovoltaic Maximum MPPT 850 V; 850 V / 50 V= 17 modules
module used is from the Jinko solar brand, model JKM330PP- voltage
72 4BB, polycrystalline, with a linear performance guarantee Number of modules = 16
of 12 years at 90% and 25 years at 80.7% 0 to + 3%. Assuming per selected string
0% nominal power tolerance, in a 330 W module the power Number of strings 15,000W/330W = 45.45/16 = 2.84 ~
reduction due to dust is considered to be 5% so 330 W x 0.95 3 Strings
the power output of the module is reduced above 25 °C or
increased below 25°C assuming an ambient temperature of
30°C, the effective cell temperature is 30°C + 25°C = 55°C, The option of 3 strings of 16 modules each was selected: Voc
30°C above temperature standard a 313.5 W polycrystalline of the string adjusted by temperature 50 V x 16 = 800V Isc of
module with a coefficient of -0.3% per °C, temperature loss = the string: 9.14 A. In the photovoltaic source and output
30°C x 0.3% x °C = 9% the 313.5 W module would lose 9% circuits the ampacity or conduction capacity of the conductors
due to temperature, remaining at 313.5 x 0.91= 285.28 W. The must be selected with a value of 1.56 times the short circuit
system has 240 panels, placed on the roof of the “K” building. current, Isc of the module, panel or photovoltaic array (NOM-
The following figure shows an aerial view of the San Juan del 001 SEDE 2012, Art.690-8).
Río Technological University, building "k" is found inside the
yellow circle.
Table 4. Calculation of conductors and protections based on
III. CALCULATION MEMORY the short-circuit current of the photovoltaic module.
Calculation of
A. Characteristics of the photovoltaic module: conductors (Isc x 1.56) (NOM-001-SEDE- 2012,690-8 (a)(1), (b) (1))

Calculation of
Table 2. Technical data of the photovoltaic module
protections (Isc x 1.25) (NOM-001-SEDE- 2012, 690-8 (b) (1))
Rated power STC 330W
Voltage at maximum peak power Vmp 37.80 V
Current at maximum peak power Imp 8.74 A
Open circuit voltage VOC 46.90 V
C. Correction factors for ambient temperature
Short circuit current Isc 9.14 A
Temperature coefficient for open-circuit -0.30 %/°C For ambient temperatures exceeding 30°C, the current
voltage TCvoc carrying capacity should be corrected, reducing its value, with
Total, number of modules: 240 pzas; 79,200 W the factors given by Table No. 310-15(b)(2)(a) of NOM-001-
SEDE 2012. Ampacities for ambient temperatures different
from those shown in the ampacity tables shall be corrected
following table 310-15(b)(2)(a) or Table 310-15(b)(2)(b) of
NOM-001-SEDE-2012. Conductor calculation (Isc x 1.56) =
14.26 A, according with the NOM-001-SEDE-2012, 690-8
(a)(1),(b) (1)). Cable temperature range = 75°C. maximum
ambient temperature: 25.6°C + 22°C = 47.6°C (22°C are added
from table 310-15 (b)(3)(c) of NOM-001-SEDE-2012 for
conduits exposed to sunlight).
D. Temperature adjustment for ducts exposed to sunlight on
rooftops.
G. Calculation of conductors and protections for direct
current.
1. Calculation of conductor from modules junction box
and DC protections. Length of the branch or string
conductor furthest from junction boxes and fuse boxes
= 45m
Table 5. Direct current voltage drops and energy losses
calculator.

When conductors or cables are installed in circular

raceways exposed to direct sunlight on or above rooftops, the
values given in Table 310-15(b)(3)(c) must be added to the
outdoor temperature to determine the corresponding ambient
temperature for application of the correction factors in Tables
310-15(b)(2)(a) or 310-15(b)(2)(b). Correction factor:
Ampacity /0.75 (for adjusted ambient temperature of 47.6°C)
Table No. 310-15(b)(2)(a) of NOM-001-SEDE 2012). 14.26A /
0.75 = 19.01 A. A total ampacity to be considered for the
calculation of conductor on D.C.

Calculation result: 10 AWG (6 mm2); the conductors in the

E. Ampacity adjustment for number of conductors in a
conduit.
More than three current-carrying conductors in a raceway
or cable. When the number of current-carrying conductors in a
raceway or cable is greater than three, or when individual
conductors or multicore cables are installed without retaining
their spacing in a continuous length greater than 0.6 m and are
not installed in raceways, the allowable ampacity of each
conductor shall be reduced as illustrated in Table 310-
15(b)(3)(a). Each current-carrying conductor in a group of
conductors in parallel shall be counted as one current-carrying
conductor. This setting does not apply since there are a
maximum of three current-carrying conductors in the same
conduit. Ampacity of conductors adjusted to temperature by a)
to d) = 19 A.
three strings to junction boxes and protections DC 1 to 5 are in
10 AWG, 10 AWG solar cable in thick-walled metallic
conduit. In all the branches or strings to the junction box and
DC protections, the specifications in ANCE-ESP- 02 "The
caliber of the conductors of the circuit from the photovoltaic
source to the junction box or connection must be selected to
avoid a voltage drop of no more than 1%" are complied with.
The maximum current to be conducted is within the
permissible range according to table 310-15(b)(16) of NOM-
001-SEDE-2012.
H. Calculation of conductors of junction boxes and
protections in direct current to inverters.
Length of connection box conductors to inverters 1 to 5 = 15m.

F. Sumary of calculations obtained for selecting conductors. Table 6. Direct current voltage drops and energy losses
calculator.
Conductor ampacity = 156% of the maximum current for
the circuit already calculated according to 690-8 NOM-001-
SEDE-2012. Conductor ampacity = 9.14 A x 1.56 = 14.26 A.
Conductor ampacity adjusted by temperature = 14.26 A/0.75 =
19.01 A (Table No. 310-15(b)(2)(b) of NOM-001-SEDE 2012)
Number of strings per inverter = 3
Ampere current conductor ampacity of parallel current of 1
string adjusted = 19.01 A; ~ 19 A Conductor voltage = VT
module voltage adjusted by temperature = 50 VDC Branch
voltage of 16 modules adjusted by temperature = 800 VDC.
 Calculation result: 10 AWG gauge (6 mm2), 10 AWG solar 310-15(b)(3)(a), when selecting conductor ampacity because
cable in thick-walled metallic conduit. In all the branches or the conductors of inverter 1, do not exceed 0.60 m of travel
strings to the junction box and CD protections, the next to the next two inverters: 50 A/0.8 = 62.5 A, from table
specifications in ANCE-ESP- 02 "The caliber of the 310-15(b)(16), 4 AWG gauge covers the maximum ampacity
conductors of the circuit from the photovoltaic source to the to be used; Calculation result: 4 AWG gauge (21.2 mm2) still
combination or connection box must be selected to avoid a covering the adjustment margin for ambient temperature.
voltage drop of no more than 1%" are followed. Source of the
calculation table: Electricity losses: AC and DC electrical wire Lower level in inverter room (inverters 4 and 5); 3+3, total 6
voltage drop and energy losses online calculator. current-carrying conductors, consider 80% factor (Table 310-
http://photovoltaicsoftware.com/DC_AC_drop_voltage_energy
15(b)(3)(a), when selecting conductor ampacity: 50 A/0.8 =
_losses_calculator.php
62.5 A, from Table 310-15(b)(16), 4 AWG gauge covers the
maximum amperage to be used; Considering consumption less
than 100 A the column corresponding to temperature of 60°C
I. Selection of the junction boxes at the output of the pv is used for calculation. Art. 110-14 (c)(1)(a). Calculation
generator result: 4 AWG gauge (13.3 mm2) still covering the adjustment
margin for ambient temperature.
To make the connection of the modules to the junction
boxes, the largest gauge conductor compatible with MC4 type
connectors that come from the factory in the photovoltaic
modules was considered; 10 AWG gauge and because the
selection of conductors between the junction boxes and the
inverter yields 10 AWG gauge, fuse holders will be used for
the positive as a means of protection and for the neutral
conductor the direct passage from the modules to the input to
inverters is considered. To group these components, the IP 65
metal junction box or enclosure is selected with 15 single-pole
fuse holders with enough space to accommodate the positive,
negative and grounding conductors, as well as the incoming
and outgoing conduction tubes.

J. Conduits and protections at the entrance of DC to Fig. 1 Inverter room.

inverters.
To receive the DC conductors prior to the entrance to
inverters, 4 x 4" square metal conduit is used to house the DC
wiring prior to entering each inverter without mixing with the
AC wiring as per Art. 310-3 (c)(2) Circuit conductors over 600
volts shall not occupy the same equipment wiring enclosure,
cable or raceway as circuit conductors 600 volts or less,
conductors with unshielded insulation and operating at
different voltages shall not occupy the same enclosure, cable or
raceway. For the inverter input circuit protections, the
disconnecting device included in each inverter in its lower part
and the integrated fuse holders inside the inverter body itself
are used and must be ran according to the inverter
manufacturer's manual.
IV. ALTERNATING CURRENT
Calculation of the cable cross-section between the inverter
output and the load center concentrator.
Maximum length of conductor from inverters to AC load
center = 3m. Total number of conductors in the raceway to the
AC load center or AC inverter output concentration point,
upper level in the inverter room (inverters 1 to 3); 3+3+3, total
9 current-carrying conductors, consider 80% factor (Table
Calculation of the cable cross-section from the concentrator
load center to the output thermo-magnetic circuit breaker
(TMCB).
Length of the conductor from the concentrator AC load center
to the main inverter output TMCB = 1 m, maximum ampacity
when connecting the five three-phase inverters = 50 A x 5 =
250 A, in this way a maximum current of 250 A will be
circulating on the bars of the connection board, so the board
was selected for 400 A since the previous size is 225 A, being
below the capacity when generating the maximum amperage
at the maximum irradiation of the photovoltaic system.
Calculation of the section of the cables at the output of the
inverter and the point of interconnection to the national
electric system, common coupling point
In the output circuit of the inverter, the conduction capacity of
the conductors must be selected with a value of 1.25 times the
current at the nominal power of the inverter, the maximum
current must be the permanent output current of the inverter
690-8 (a)(3).
Table 7. Maximum continuous output current of the inverters.
Voltage AC
Phases
Maximum continuous output current
for each inverter
Adjusted conductor ampacity
Number of inverters
Maximum AC alternating current
output of the PV system 250 A
ground paralleling bus at the inverter and from these to the
220 Volts paralleling bus of the AC breaker concentrator board.
3; L1, L2, L3, no neutral needed for For the grounding conductor in the AC circuit from the AC
selected inverter model and
configuration.
breaker panel to the common coupling point (250 A AC) and
following the indications in table 250-122, the result is a
gauge smaller than 4 AWG and larger than 6 AWG, therefore:
39. 4 A the gauge selected for the grounding conductor in this
arrangement will be the 2 AWG gauge from the AC load
39.4 x 1.25=49.25 A ~ 50 A center to the common coupling point to have the best possible
5 protection in ground discharges.
250 A

V. PROTECTION DEVICES ON DIRECT CURRENT SIDE

Choice of the conductor size from the inverter to the
1) GFV disconnection point: As protective devices on the
concentrator load center for the calculated amperage: Based
direct current side, a junction box integrating fuse holders with
on table 310-15(b)(16) for the type of cable used THHW
safe disconnection with 15 A fuses for 1,000 VDC for each
90°C, considering consumption greater than 100 A, the
branch on the (+) pole was selected for each of the three
column corresponding to a temperature of 75°C is used for the
branches of each of the 5 PV circuits. 690-8 (b)(1) Where
calculation. Art. 110-14 (1)(a)(1).
needed, overcurrent devices shall be selected as needed in (a)
through (d) below: a. Conduct not less than 125 percent of the
maximum current calculated in 690-8 (a). Isc 9.14 A x 1.25 =
The rating according to table 310-15(b)(16) results in 250
11.43 A. Closest top commercial fuse (for junction box and at
kcmil, applying the temperature correction factor from table
inverter input) = 15 A. Adjusted string voltage = 800 VDC;
310-15(b)(2)(a) for an ambient temperature of 21-25 °C =
fuse should be selected for 1,000 VDC.
Ampere x 1.05, 250 A x 1.05 = 262.5 A so the rating 300
kcmil is finally selected for this circuit. Reviewing the
2) Surge protection on subarrays: Fuse holder with safe
maximum allowable voltage drop criteria for photovoltaic
disconnect plus integrated disconnector at DC inverter input.
systems in the AC circuit which is no more than 2% (ANCE
FIRCO, Technical Specification for Photovoltaic Systems
3) Surge or lightning protection (Surge suppressor). As surge
Version 7, Section VIII.3) and considering the distance from
protection device for DC, the internal protections already
the inverter output panel to the switch at the common coupling
included in the Fronius Symo 15.0-3 208/220 inverter are
point = 45 m.
considered.
Selection of the grounding conductor
VI. ALTERNATING CURRENT PROTECTION DEVICES
The criteria used for the choice of the grounding conductor for
the photovoltaic circuit is following ANCE-ESP-02 "In direct
current circuits, the size of the grounding conductor must not The selected inverter follows the stipulations of NOM-001-
SEDE-2012, 690-61 and 705-14.
be smaller than the size of the conductor with the largest
conduction capacity (thickest wire) as established in Art. 250-
93 of NOM 001 SEDE 2012. In no case less than 8.37 mm2 of 1) AC disconnection point at the output of inverters in
cross section (8 AWG gauge) for copper conductors. In the parallel; the 3-pole x 50 A Square D thermos magnetic switch
case of equipment, the nominal size of copper or aluminum was selected for each of the 5 inverters, and these contained in
equipment grounding conductors shall not be less than that a three-phase Square D panel for 400 A and 30 poles. Since
this is a three-phase electrical system, no load balancing is
specified in the following Table (Table 250-95 of NOM 001
needed.
SEDE 2012)".
Since the calculation based on Table 250-122 (NOM-001-
2) At the outlet of the load center that has the individual
SEDE-2012) results in a 14 AWG gauge, 8 AWG was
output switches of each inverter, a 3 x 250A LAL type Square
selected for the entire photovoltaic array installed up to the
inverter input and from these to the AC concentrator board. D thermo-magnetic circuit breaker will be placed to lead to
Calculation of protections (Isc x 1.25) 9.14 x 1.25= 11.43 A another one at the point of interconnection to the local
(NOM-001-SEDE-2012, 690-8 (b) (1)) Protection fuse electrical system, an existing I-Line type panel at the outlet of
capacity DC = 15 A, 1000 volts. From table 250-122 results the 300 kVA substation.
14 AWG gauge and considering that in no case less than 8
AWG gauge; size selected: 8 AWG gauge (16mm2) copper 3) A Square D Mod SDSA50 three-pole, 240 VAC 50 kA,
Square D Mod SDSA50 three-pole, 240 VAC 50 kA, also
with green lining 7 wires from the PV generator chassis to the
 called secondary lightning arrester, will be connected to the (35mm) diameter. The same pattern is repeated for the five
input of the AC main switch of the AC concentrator panel. three-string circuits to the protection box.

According to CFE-G0100-04, the location of the protections

that a photovoltaic generator interconnected to CFE must have
been described.

Fig. 3. Piping over the roof of the building k.

Fig. 2. Location of the protections that a photovoltaic

generator interconnected to the electrical grid. b. Inverter input circuit

From protection box to collector duct before inverters; 3

Schematic switch 1; Calculation: Maximum inverter output
current x 1.25.39.4 A x 1.25 = 49.25 A x 4 = 246.25 A.
Number of phases at the inverter load center output = 3.
Selected thermomagnetic circuit breaker = 250 A (Square D,
type LAL 3 x 250 A). Circuit breaker 2 in the diagram refers
to the main switch in the room before the common coupling
point, type I-Line 250 A.
VII. PIPE SELECTION
strings, positive/negative plus grounding wire, total 7
conductors 8 AWG (equivalent), for each of the five PV
circuits: The same scheme of independent ducts is continued
for each PV circuit having 1 1⁄4" (35mm) heavy metal conduit
pipe. Inside the inverter room a square duct of 100 mm x 100
mm is used to receive the conductors of the 5 PV circuits, in
total 15 positive solar conductor, 15 negative solar conductor
and five grounding conductors in 8 AWG; total 35 conductors
of 8 AWG (equivalent), from this duct is distributed to each
inverter as shown in the diagram:

For the channeling of the direct current wiring from the PV

source to the inverters, thick-walled metallic conduit was
selected with the following dimensions: (The conductors in 10
AWG solar cable have a nominal outer diameter with sheath
of 6.93 mm2, that its closest equivalent in nominal outer
diameter THW is the 8 AWG cable so this diameter is
considered for the calculation of conduits).

a) Photovoltaic output circuit

From the PV array, strings 1 to 2, there are two conductors in

10 AWG positive and negative solar cable plus the 8 AWG
ground conductor, total three conductors (8 AWG equivalent);
From table C-8 of NOM-001-SEDE-2012 results in a diameter
of 3/4" (21mm), the following diameter is selected, 1" (27mm)
to reduce the temperature effect due to conduits exposed to Fig. 4. Inverter room, showing ducts for direct current and
sunlight. From string 2 to 3, are two conductors of string 1 alternating current wiring.
plus two conductors of string 2 in 10 AWG positive and
negative solar cable plus the 8 AWG physical ground c) Inverter output circuit to ac concentrator panel.
conductor, total five conductors (8 AWG equivalent); from
table C-8 results in 1" (27mm) diameter. From string 3 to From the inverter output to the concentrator board, a 100 x
junction box; 3 strings, three positive conductor, three 100 mm square duct is used for the 4 AWG AC conductors of
negative conductor plus grounding wire, total 7 conductors 8 inverters 1 to 5. This duct is independent of the DC circuits.
AWG in the same conduit. From table C-8 results in 1 1⁄4"
 d) From concentrator panel to interconnection point or
metering point.
From the concentrator panel to the interconnection point
panel, prefabricated and intercommunicated registers are used
with 103mm polyethylene duct to house the three 300 AWG
caliber conductors plus the 2 AWG grounding conductor
resulting from the calculation of conductors, recommended in
table C-8 with a diameter of 2.5" (63mm), it was decided to
place a 4" (103mm) duct to foresee the possible expansion of
the PV system.
Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río is an evaluating
and certifying entity (Consejo Nacional de Normalización y
Certificación de Competencias Laborales) (CONOCER) and
offers training and certification courses in standard
EC0586.01, Installation of photovoltaic systems in residences,
commerce and industry. This system has been used as part of
the training services currently being offered by the
technological services area of the university's linkage
department.

VIII. OPERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

The installation of the photovoltaic system interconnected to

the grid, concluded in November 2017, to date 7536 tons of
CO2 emissions have been stopped, which is equivalent to the
pollution emitted by a vehicle, making a journey of 1,179,385
km, in economic terms, the savings have been $1,131, 248.36,
the system contributes 30% of the energy consumed by the
equipment installed in the teaching and laboratory buildings,
the economic savings is 20% in the payment of the bill for
electric energy that is paid to the basic services supplier.

The photovoltaic system interconnected to the grid has

produced 554.53 MWh, in the year 2018, the system produced
104.34 MWh, this is due to the fact that the system was
interconnected to the grid from the month of March, for the
year 2019 and 2020 the energy production is very similar, the
energy production in the year 2021, decreased by 4.92% with
respect to the year 2020. For the year 2022, the system has Fig. 6. Maintenance activities on the photovoltaic panel roof.
produced 56.11 MWh.

IX. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The professors wish to express their gratitude to the directors

of the Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río,
Querétaro, for the facilities granted for the completion of this
work, as well as to the members of the renewable energy
academic team for the suggestions that contributed to the
improvement of this work, finally to the students of group
ES01SM-20 for the support provided in the maintenance of
the photovoltaic system interconnected to the grid.

Fig. 5. Energy production from the photovoltaic system X. CONCLUSIONS

interconnected to the grid.
This photovoltaic system interconnected to the grid has served
to promote the renewable energy career currently offered by
the university and places the university in the select group of
higher education institutions to have a photovoltaic system
interconnected to the grid, which raises awareness among
students, society in general, and takes advantage of renewable
energy, which brings environmental benefits. The
The design criteria and performance calculation of the
photovoltaic system are based on the method proposed by the
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) as the
methodology to be followed by a certified designer. The
system complies with Article 690 of NOM-001-SEDE-2012.
The system has produced 554.53 MWh of energy since it was
interconnected to the grid; it produces 30% of the energy
consumed in the laboratories and teaching buildings; there are
savings of 20% in the payment of the bill to the utility
company. According to a quotation provided by a company,
the maintenance of the roof of the 240 photovoltaic panels
would cost $2,045.96 U.S. dollars, and it was suggested to the
directors that this activity be carried out by students of the
renewable energy program. The system has been running
smoothly; maintenance activities have been performed on the
panels' cover by the students of the ES01SM-20 group,
practices that are developed in the subjects of renewable
energy and photovoltaic systems of the renewable energy
engineering curriculum, which contributes to their training.
The use of personal protective equipment for working at
heights allows to put into practice the knowledge acquired in
the industrial safety course, which is also part of the curriculum
of the renewable energy engineering course. The useful life of
the equipment is approximately 25 years; it is important to
conduct maintenance activities on the system, reviewing all the
components. This system places the university among the
select group of universities that generate a percentage of their
energy and contribute to the care of the environment.
References
[1] Resendiz-Badillo Ramiro, Marroquín de Jesús, Ángel.
Dimensionamiento y ejecución de un sistema fotovoltaico
interconectado en la Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río,
potencia nominal: 79.20 kWp. Revista de Energías Renovables 2018. 2-
6:1-16
[2] Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-001-SEDE-2012. Instalaciones
eléctricas (Utilización), 2012, pp.723-741.
[3] Marroquín de Jesús, Ángel. Curso básico de protecciones de sistemas
fotovoltaicos, 2021, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río.
[4] Lemus Hernández J. C. Curso de alineación para certificación en el
EC0586.01. 2019. Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río
[5] Comisión Federal de Electricidad (2008). Interconexión a la red
eléctrica de baja tensión de sistemas fotovoltaicos con capacidad hasta
30 kW. 23 mayo 2022. Subdirección de distribución Sitio web:
https://lapem.cfe.gob.mx/normas/pdfs/f/G0100-04.pdf
[6] Cooperación Alemana. (2015). Manual para la evaluación técnica-
económica de: “Sistemas Fotovoltaicos Interconectados a la Red
apoyados a través del Programa de Fideicomiso de Riesgo Compartido”.
23 de mayo de 2022, de Comité de Gestión por Competencias de
Energía Renovable y Eficiencia Energética Sitio web:
https://energypedia.info/images/6/67/GIZ_Manual_SF_Interconectados_
Red_2015.pdf
[7] Marroquín de Jesús, A. [Americ A.C.] (12 de mayo de 2020). Requisitos
en las Instalaciones Fotovoltaicas según la NOM 001 SEDE
2012[Archivo de Vídeo]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkx8GlszZsc
[8] Gilberto Enríquez Harper. (2012). El abc de las energías renovables en
los sistemas eléctricos. México: Limusa.
[9] Jinko solar. (2017). Panel Fotovoltaico Jinko Solar JKM330PP-72-V
330w. 23 de mayo de 2022, de Adjditec Sitio web:
https://autosolar.es/pdf/Ficha-Tecnica-Jinko-Solar-305-330W.pdf
[10] Fronius. (2017). FRONIUS SYMO 15.0-3 208. 23 de mayo de 2022, de
Fronius Sitio web: www.fronius.com