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used in design or analysis, main clients or audiences, the scale of concern, intellectual

or knowledge base, ethical approach, relation to the natural world, and the approach’s

analysis of power relations or the larger role of landscape architecture work in society.”

(Crewe & Forsyth, p. 37)

In addition to recognizing or establishing your frame of reference toward a given

project, a designer must choose and understand the values and ethics which will inform

and drive their design philosophy and decisions, ie, commitment to sustainable materials

and practices.

Related Information

1. Crewe, K., & Forsyth, A. (2003). LandSCAPES: A Typology of Approaches

to Landscape Architecture. Landscape Journal, 22(1), 37–53.

2. Licón, C. V. (1997). Landscape Assessment: A Classification of Methods for

Landscape Ecological Planning. (Master of Environmental Planning Thesis),
Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.

3. McHarg, I. L. (1992). Design with Nature (25th Anniversary.). New York:

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

4. Moses, V. (2007). Toward Legacy. Washingon, DC: Grayson Publishing.

5. Schön, D. A. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner. New York: Basic Books,

Inc.

6. Steinitz, C. (1995). Design is a Verb, Design is a Noun. Landscape

Journal,14(2), 188–200.

7. Swaffield, S. (2002). Theory in Landscape Architecture. Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.