IOT BASED REALTIME WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM USING NODEMCU AND THINGSPEAK

CHAPTER-3
HARDWARE DECRIPTION
In this present chapter we will discuss the technical details of the hardware components
used in this project.

3.1 NODEMCU
The nodeMCU is a low-cost Wi-Fi chip with full TCP/IP stack and MCU stands
for micro controller unit and capability produced by shanghai based Chinese
manufacture, Espressif systems. The small module allows microcontrollers to connect to
a Wi-Fi network and make simple TCP/IP connections and uses micro python for its
instruction farming .The first came to attention of western makers in August 2014 with
in the ESP-01 module, made by third party manufacture, AI thinker.

This small module allows microcontrollers to connect to a wifi network and make
simple TCP/IP connections using Hayes-style commands.

Fig.3.1: NODEMCU

Dept., of ECE., SITAMS

IOT BASED REALTIME WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM USING NODEMCU AND THINGSPEAK

Processor:

L06 32-bit RISC microprocessor core based on the Tensilica Xtensa Diamond
standerd 106 micro running at 80MHz.

 64 KB of instruction RAM , 96 KB of data RAM.

 External QSPI Flash: up to 16 MB is supported (512 KB to 4 MB typically included).

 IEEE 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi .

 Integrated TR switch.balun,LNA,power amplifier and matching network.

 WEP or WPA/WPA2 authentication,or open networks.

 16 GPIO pins.

 Supports SPI protocol.

 I2C software implementation.

 I2S interfaces with DMA (sharing pins with GPIO).

 UART on delicated pins , plus a transmit only UART can be enabled on GPIO2.

 10 bit ADC (successive approximation ADC).

 NodeMCU is a microcontroller with TCP/IP protocol stack.The MCU can be

programmed perform small activities like reading sensor data. The networking
capability of ESP8266 enables a data uplaoding and doenloading from the cloud.
Thus it find its major application in IOT project. It can be programmed with
C,Python and Java.It acts as aWi-Fi and hotspot based on the configuration.
ESP8266 is configured through commands. We use micro python to program on the
chip.

 As Arduino.cc began developing new MCU boards based on non-AVR processors

like the ARM/SAM MCU used in the Arduino Due, they needed to modify the
Arduino IDE so it would be relatively easy to change the IDE to support alternate
toolchains to allow Arduino C/C++ to be compiled for these new processors. They
did this with the introduction of the Board Manager and the SAM Core. A “core” is
the collection of software components required by the Board Manager and the
Arduino IDE to compile an Arduino C/C++ source file for the target MCU’s
machine language. Some ESP8266 enthusiasts developed an Arduino core for the

Dept., of ECE., SITAMS

IOT BASED REALTIME WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM USING NODEMCU AND THINGSPEAK

ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC, popularly called the “ESP8266 Core for the Arduino IDE.
This has become a leading software develop platform for the various ESP8266-
based modules and development boards, including NodeMCU.

3.2 DHT11 SENSOR (DIGITAL HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE SENSOR)

FIG:3.2 Fig: 3.1SENSOR

DHT11

DHT11 is a basic ,ultra-low cost digital humidity and temperature sensor. It uses a
capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and split
out a digital signal on the data pin. It fairly easy to use, but requires careful timing to
grab data. The real down side of this sensor is you can only get new data from it once
every 2 seconds.

Specifications:

S.No PIN DECRIPTION

1 VCC Power supply 3.5V to

5.5V

2 Data Outputs both

temperature and
Humidity through serial
Data.
3 Ground(GND) Connected to the ground
of the circuit

TABLE:3.2.1 SPECIFICATONS OF DHT11 SENSOR

Dept., of ECE., SITAMS
IOT BASED REALTIME WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM USING NODEMCU AND THINGSPEAK

3.3 BMP-180 SENSOR

FIG:3.3 BMP-180 SENSOR

The BMP180 barometric pressure sensor from Bosch is used to predict the weather, detect
altitude, and measure vertical velocity. It can be used to measure environmental
temperature, absolute & relative pressure & estimated altitude.

The atmospheric pressure which is also called Barometric pressure is the pressure caused
by the weight of air pressing down on the Earth. The air in the atmosphere has mass, so
gravity causes the weight of that column to exert pressure on the surface. The BMP180
outputs pressure readings in Pascals which is its SI unit. We can also measure the pressure
in hectopascals (hPa) or millimetre of mercury (mm of Hg).

SPECIFICATIONS:

S.No PIN DECRIPTION

1 VCC Power supply 3.5V to

5.5V

2 SDL Serial Data Line

3 SCA Serial Clock LINE

4 GROUND(GND) Connected to the ground

of the circuit

TABLE:3.3.1 SPECIFICATONS OF BMP-180

Dept., of ECE., SITAMS

IOT BASED REALTIME WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM USING NODEMCU AND THINGSPEAK

SDL: the process of sending data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a communication
channel or computer bus.

SCL: the Serial Clock line. It carries the clock signal generated by the master. Like other
similar protocols I2C is a serial communication protocol.

3.4 RAIN SENSOR

FIG:3.4 RAIN SENSOR

A rain sensor is a device that detects rainfall and is used in two main applications. The
first is a water conservation device connected to an automatic irrigation system that
causes the system to shut down in the event of rainfall. The second is a device used to
protect the interior of an automobile from rain and to support the automatic mode of
windshield wipers. The rain sensor works on the principle of total internal reflection. An
infrared light beams at a 45-degree angle on a clear area of the windshield from the
sensor inside the car. When it rains, the wet glass causes the light to scatter and a lesser
amount of light gets reflected back to the sensor.

SPECIFICATIONS:

S.No PIN DECRIPTION

1 VCC Power supply 3.5V to

5.5V

Dept., of ECE., SITAMS

IOT BASED REALTIME WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM USING NODEMCU AND THINGSPEAK

2 A0 ľhis pin gives an analog

signal between the
voltage supply fíom 5V to
0V

3 D0 This pin gives digital

output for internal
comparator and can be
connected to Arduino
board

4 GROUND(GND) Connected to the ground

of the circuit

FIG:3.4 SPECIFICATONS OF RAIN SENSOR

3.5 MQ-135 SENSOR

FIG:3.5 MQ-135 SENSOR

The MQ-135 air quality sensor is a semiconductor air quality check sensor suitable for
monitoring applications of air quality. It is highly sensitive to NH3, NOx, CO2, benzene,
smoke, and other dangerous gases in the atmosphere. It operates at a 5V supply with
150mA consumption. Preheating of 20 seconds is required before the operation, to
obtain the accurate output. The MQ-135 gas sensor applies SnO2 which has a higher
resistance in the clear air as a gas-sensing material. When there is an increase in
polluting gases, the resistance of the gas sensor decreases along with that. To measure
PPM using MQ-135 sensor we need to look into the (Rs/Ro) v/s PPM graph taken from
the datasheet.

Dept., of ECE., SITAMS

IOT BASED REALTIME WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM USING NODEMCU AND THINGSPEAK

SPECIFICATIONS:

S.No PIN DECRIPTION

1 VCC Power supply 3.5V to

5.5V

2 A0 Analog Pin

3 D0 Digital Pin

4 GROUND(GND) Connected to the ground

of the circuit

FIG:3.5.1 SPECIFICATONS OF MQ-135 SENSOR

Dept., of ECE., SITAMS

IOT BASED REALTIME WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM USING NODEMCU AND THINGSPEAK

Dept., of ECE., SITAMS