IOT BASED WEATHER

MONITORING SYSTEM
(1.1)Need of IOT based weather monitoring system

Weather Monitoring Systems are used to monitor the continuously

changing climatic conditions. The data gathered by such devices
is used to forecast weather as well as keep a log of the
environmental changes at a place. Such data is extremely useful in
the study of earth and analysing the changing climatic and
environmental conditions at a place. Further, the data and
analytics so collected can be utilised in a variety of applications
like agriculture, geology, mining and weather forecast. In this
project, a simple weather monitoring system is designed which
can monitor the temperature and humidity of a place.

The weather monitoring system designed in this project is an IOT

device built on Particle Photon. Particle Photon is
an Arduino compatible IOT board. For writing the program code
for any Photon, developer needs to create an account on Particle
website and register the Photon board with his user account. The
program code then can be written on Web IDE at the Particle’s
website and transferred to a registered IOT board over the
internet. If the selected Particle board, Photon here, is switched
on and connected to cloud service of the Particle, the code is
burnt to the selected board over the air via internet connection
and the board starts operating according to the transferred code.

In the project, the Particle Photon is interfaced with DHT-11

temperature and humidity sensor. The temperature and humidity
measured by the sensor have their values displayed on an LCD
screen mounted on the device. The board remain connected with a
remote server via Wi-Fi connection and keeps sending the sensor

data to the cloud service. The Blynk app is used to monitor data
from the cloud service, so the real-time data can be accessed from
any smart phone supported by android or IOS.

Real-Time & Historical Data Enables

Evaluation of System Performance
• Easy visualisation of sensor data on TrackSo Solar
• Generate different type of graphs and compare different variables
simultaneously.

• Export of data in CSV formats

Sensors available for selection in a weather
station are
• Solar Irradiation Sensor
• Surface Module Temperature Transmitter
• Ambient Temperature Sensor
• Humidity Sensor
• Wind Speed Sensor
• Wind Direction Sensor
• Rain Gauge [Rain Collector with Flat Base]
• Barometric Pressure Sensor
• Dust Monitor for Atmospheric Turbidity

 (1.2)Hardware requirements

Fig1: prototype of particle of photon and blynk based IOT based weather monitoring system
 Components Required –

Fig: List of components required for Particle Photon

Particle Photon – Photon is a popular IOT board available from

the Particle platform. The board houses STM32F205 120Mhz
ARM Cortex M3 microcontroller and has 1 MB flash memory,
128 Kb RAM and 18 mixed signal general purpose input output
(GPIO) pins with advanced peripherals. The module has on-board
Cypress BCM43362 Wi-Fi chip for Wi-Fi connectivity and Single
band 2.4GHz IEEE 802.11b/g/n for Bluetooth. The board comes
equipped with 2 SPI, one I2S, one I2C, one CAN and one USB
interface. The particle Photon has the following pin configuration
–

Fig: Table listing pin con guration of particle photon

Fig: :Table listing pin con guration of particle photon

(1.3)Circuit and its working

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It should be noted that 3V3 is a filtered output used for analog

sensors. This pin is the output of the on-board regulator and is
internally connected to the VDD of the Wi-Fi module. When
powering the Photon via VIN or the USB port, this pin will output
a voltage of 3.3 V DC. This pin can also be used to power the
Photon directly (max input 3.3 V DC). When used as an output,
the max load on 3V3 is 100 mA. The PWM signals have a
resolution of 8-bit and run on a frequency of 500 Hz. In the circuit,
6 GPIO pins of the module are used to interface the character
 LCD and one pin is used to interface the DHT-11 temperature and
humidity sensor.

16X2 LCD: The 16X2 LCD display is used to display the values of
the measured temperature and humidity. It is connected to the
Particle Photon by connecting its data pins D7 to D4 to the pins
D0 to D3 of the Particle board. The E and RS pins of the LCD are
connected to pins D5 and D6 of the Particle board respectively.
The RW pin of the LCD is grounded.

DHT-11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor – The DHT -11 sensor

reads the ambient temperature and humidity and relays the data to
microcontroller as digital data. The data pin of temperature and
humidity sensor DHT11 is connected to pin D4 of the Particle
Photon. The VCC and ground pins of the sensor are connected to
the common VCC and ground.

Power Supply – In the circuit, Particle Photon and sensor modules

need a 5V regulated DC for their operation. The AC main is used
as the primary source of power. The supply from the mains is
stepped down by a transformer and rectified by a full-bridge
rectifier. The rectified output is regulated to 5V and 12V using
7805 and 7812 ICs. The pin 1 of both the voltage regulator ICs is
connected to the anode of the battery and pin 2 of both ICs is
connected to ground. The respective voltage outputs are drawn
from pin 3 of the respective voltage regulator ICs. A LED along

with a 10K Ω pull-up resistor is also connected between common

ground and output pin to get a visual hint of supply continuity.

How the circuit works –

After assembling the circuit, the program code can be loaded to

the Particle board using Arduino IDE. The library files for the
Blynk App must be included in the sketchbook folder of the
Arduino to generate the code that can connect with the Blynk App.

(1.4)Key Bene t of TrackSo weather station

• Real-time and historical data enables a comprehensive evaluation of
system performance
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 • Compatible with TrackSo data acquisition devices with simple

con guration, hence reducing installation and maintenance costs
• Easy visualisation of sensor data on TrackSo Cloud Portal.
• Calculate PR, Expected vs. Actual Power Output, Module Ef ciency etc.
• Immediate identi cation of defects and malfunctions  in Solar PV
systems.
• Immediate anomaly detection prevents solar PV system to remain shut
down for a long period due to lack of suf cient information.
• Data Storage in case of no internet availability

Features

Multiple Connectivity Options


Sim/Lan/WiFi

Data loggers
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Remote Data Access

Monitor remotely on

TrackSo Solar
 Customizable

Extensive sensor

options & outputs
 Standalone Sensors

Available in various outputs

0-5V , 4-20ma ,RS485
 Monitor Multiple Equipments

like Inverter , Meters & others along with WMS