IOT Based Underground Wire Fault Detection using electronic

current transformer

Abstract

In all over the world, underground cables are used rather than of overhead
transmission lines mainly in places near to industries are using underground
cables to connect. It is hard to go through the specific spot of the shortcomings.
As India become prominent as a progression country, civilized field is too
boosting every day. The underground lines are beat under the same
circumstances its uses is additionally growing a result of its clear advantages
such as lower line losses due to natural damages like tree roots crossing
between the cables and some animals make damage the cables, underground
cables has lower maintenance cost and they are less powerless to the effects of
serious climate. As it isn't clear it move extreme to identify propel area of the
shortcoming. There is some techniques to identify the fault but it can’t show us
the accurate location. In this proposed work we are trying to rectify this problem
by proposing a method which is good enough to the digital world. In this project
we have used IOT based technique with Google database for the fault detection
with the help of Node MCU Wi-Fi Module. It is totally based on IOT. We used
here Node MCU which connects Arduino sensors to Internet. We had created a
Hot spot through router for communication. We connected each MCU Module
with transformer and used google data base to checking the status of
transformers. The accuracy and efficiency of our proposed method is more as
compare to the other techniques.

Introduction

Till last decades cables were made to lay between transformers and currently it
is lay to underground cable. Because the underground cable are not affected by
any adverse weather condition such as storm, snow, heavy rainfall as well as
pollution. But when any fault occur in cable, then it is difficult to locate fault.
So we will move to find the exact location of fault. Now the world is become
digitalized so our project is to detect the location of fault in digital way. The
underground cable system is more common practice followed in many urban
areas. While fault occurs for some reason, at that time the repairing process
related to that particular cable is difficult due to not knowing the exact location
of cable fault.

Objective

 Easy monitoring of underground fault detection using Electronic current

transformer

EXISTING MODEL

 In the existing system, an arcing fault based multi-cycle incipient fault

detection and location scheme for medium voltage underground cable is
proposed. This method makes full use of the arc voltage distortion feature
for reliable and accurate incipient detection. The distance estimation
method tries to find out the fault distance by searching all possible fault
distance using parameters estimation. The detection method is tested with
several different types of disturbances with different parameters. The
distance estimation method is tested with different fault duration, noise,
and system parameter.

Block diagram
 Underg
Current round
AC transmi
source transfor
mer ssion
lines

Micro
controlle LCD
r
PROPOSED MODEL

Traditional fault location detection methods are time-consuming, labour

intensive, costly and detrimental to field equipment. In this proposed system,
the new method is proposed to detect the incipient fault and location in the
underground cable. The system consists of an Arduino, current transducer, GPS,
Ethernet shield and Wi-Fi. Here the current transducer is the main sensing unit
which detects the fault. The current transducer is connected along the
Transmission line. It will send signals to the microcontroller based on the power
passing in the line. The controller will continuously monitor the signal from the
ct. if there is any abnormity such as no power transmission or overload or any, it
will send a distress signal on the IOT along with the GPS location.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS
1.Liquid-crystal display

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically

modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid
crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, instead using a backlight or
reflector to produce images in color.
.
LCDs are available to display arbitrary images or fixed images with
low information content LCDs are used in a wide range of applications
including computer monitors, televisions, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit
displays, and indoor and outdoor signage. Small LCD screens are common in
portable consumer devices such as digital cameras, watches, calculators, and
mobile telephones, including smartphones. LCD screens are also used on
consumer electronics products such as DVD players, video game devices and
clocks.

2. GPS
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation
system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions,
anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to
four or more GPS satellites. . The system provides critical capabilities to
military, civil and commercial users around the world. It is maintained by the
United States government and is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS
receiver.

A GPS receiver calculates its position by precisely timing the signals sent by
GPS satellites high above the Earth. Each satellite continually transmits
messages that include

 the time the message was transmitted

 satellite position at time of message transmission

3.Arduino
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on
the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs,
a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header,
and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller;
simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or battery to get started.

External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter or

battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug
into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and
Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.

Memory

The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2

KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with
the EEPROM library).

Communication

The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a

computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers.

Programming

The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software (download).
Select "Arduino Uno from the Tools > Board menu

4.WIFI- ESP8266
 This is WiFi serial transceiver module, based on ESP8266 SoC., The
SOC has Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack. ESP8266 is a highly integrated chip
designed for the needs of a new connected world. It offers a complete and self-
contained Wi-Fi networking solution, allowing it to either host the application
or to offload all Wi-Fi networking functions from another application processor.

ESP8266 has powerful on-board processing and storage capabilities that allow it
to be integrated with the sensors and other application specific devices through
its GPIOs with minimal development up-front and minimal loading during
runtime.

Software used

ARUINO 1.0.5

The Arduino Software (IDE) allows you to write programs and upload them to
your board. In the Arduino Software page you will find two options:

1. If you have a reliable Internet connection, you should use the online IDE
(Arduino Web Editor). It will allow you to save your sketches in the cloud,
having them available from any device and backed up. You will always have
the most up-to-date version of the IDE without the need to install updates or
community generated.

2. If you would rather work offline, you should use the latest version of the
desktop IDE.

Install the Arduino Desktop IDE

Get the latest version from the download page. You can choose between the
Installer (.exe) and the Zip packages. We suggest you use the first one that
installs directly everything you need to use the Arduino Software (IDE),
including the drivers. With the Zip package you need to install the drivers
manually. The Zip file is also useful if you want to create a portable installation.
When the download finishes, proceed with the installation and please allow the
driver installation process when you get a warning from the operating system.
The process will extract and install all the required files to execute properly the
Arduino Software

Conclusion

Through this project we simplified the actual problem of the detecting the fault
in the underground area. We discover the position or location were the fault will
be occur and also find the accurate distance of breaker point. By using software
part we encrypt the and transfer at controlling section and actual action will be
working out.