Apache SystemDS

Apache SystemDS (Previously, Apache SystemML) is an

open source ML system for the end-to-end data science
Apache SystemDS
lifecycle.

SystemDS's distinguishing characteristics are:

1. Algorithm customizability via R-like and Python-like Developer(s) Apache Software

languages. Foundation, IBM
2. Multiple execution modes, including Standalone,
Initial release November 2, 2015
Spark Batch, Spark MLContext, Hadoop Batch, and
JMLC. Stable release 3.0.0 / July 5,
3. Automatic optimization based on data and cluster 2022
characteristics to ensure both efficiency and Repository SystemDS
scalability.
Repository (http
s://github.com/apa
History che/systemds)
Written in Java, Python,
SystemML was created in 2010 by researchers at the IBM
DML, C
Almaden Research Center led by IBM Fellow Shivakumar
Vaithyanathan. It was observed that data scientists would write Operating system Linux, macOS,
machine learning algorithms in languages such as R and Windows
Python for small data. When it came time to scale to big data, a Type Machine Learning,
systems programmer would be needed to scale the algorithm in Deep Learning,
a language such as Scala. This process typically involved days
Data Science
or weeks per iteration, and errors would occur translating the
algorithms to operate on big data. SystemML seeks to simplify License Apache License
this process. A primary goal of SystemML is to automatically 2.0
scale an algorithm written in an R-like or Python-like language Website systemds.apache
to operate on big data, generating the same answer without the .org (https://syste
error-prone, multi-iterative translation approach.
mds.apache.org/)
On June 15, 2015, at the Spark Summit in San Francisco, Beth
Smith, General Manager of IBM Analytics, announced that IBM was open-sourcing SystemML as part of
IBM's major commitment to Apache Spark and Spark-related projects. SystemML became publicly
available on GitHub on August 27, 2015 and became an Apache Incubator project on November 2, 2015.
On May 17, 2017, the Apache Software Foundation Board approved the graduation of Apache SystemML
as an Apache Top Level Project.

Key technologies
The following are some of the technologies built into the SystemDS engine.

Compressed Linear Algebra for Large Scale Machine Learning (https://cacm.acm.org/magaz

ines/2019/5/236413-compressed-linear-algebra-for-declarative-large-scale-machine-learnin
g/fulltext)
 Declarative Machine Learning Language (https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.05826)

Examples

Principal Component Analysis

The following code snippet[1] does the Principal component analysis of input matrix , which returns the
and the .

1 # PCA.dml
2 # Refer: https://github.com/apache/systemds/blob/master/scripts/algorithms/PCA.dml#L61
3
4 N = nrow(A);
5 D = ncol(A);
6
7 # perform z-scoring (centering and scaling)
8 A = scale(A, center==1, scale==1);
9
10 # co-variance matrix
11 mu = colSums(A)/N;
12 C = (t(A) %*% A)/(N-1) - (N/(N-1))*t(mu) %*% mu;
13
14
15 # compute eigen vectors and values
16 [evalues, evectors] = eigen(C);

Invocation script

spark-submit SystemDS.jar -f PCA.dml -nvargs INPUT=INPUT_DIR/pca-1000x1000 \

OUTPUT=OUTPUT_DIR/pca-1000x1000-model PROJDATA=1 CENTER=1 SCALE=1

Database functions

DBSCAN clustering algorithm with Euclidean distance.

1 X = rand(rows=1780, cols=180, min=1, max=20)

2 [indices, model] = dbscan(X = X, eps = 2.5, minPts = 360)

Improvements
SystemDS 2.0.0 is the first major release under the new name. This release contains a major refactoring, a
few major features, a large number of improvements and fixes, and some experimental features to better
support the end-to-end data science lifecycle. In addition to that, this release also removes several features
that are not up date and outdated.

New mechanism for DML-bodied (script-level) builtin functions, and a wealth of new
built-in functions for data preprocessing including data cleaning, augmentation and feature
engineering techniques, new ML algorithms, and model debugging.
Several methods for data cleaning have been implemented including multiple imputations
with multivariate imputation by chained equations (MICE) and other techniques, SMOTE, an
oversampling technique for class imbalance, forward and backward NA filling, cleaning
 using schema and length information, support for outlier detection using standard deviation
and inter-quartile range, and functional dependency discovery.
A complete framework for lineage tracing and reuse including support for loop deduplication,
full and partial reuse, compiler assisted reuse, several new rewrites to facilitate reuse.
New federated runtime backend including support for federated matrices and frames,
federated builtins (transform-encode, decode etc.).
Refactor compression package and add functionalities including quantization for lossy
compression, binary cell operations, left matrix multiplication. [experimental]
New python bindings with supports for several builtins, matrix operations, federated
tensors and lineage traces.
Cuda implementation of cumulative aggregate operators (cumsum, cumprod etc.)
New model debugging technique with slice finder.
New tensor data model (basic tensors of different value types, data tensors with schema)
[experimental]
Cloud deployment scripts for AWS and scripts to set up and start federated operations.
Performance improvements with parallel sort, gpu cum agg, append cbind etc.
Various compiler and runtime improvements including new and improved rewrites, reduced
Spark context creation, new eval framework, list operations, updated native kernel libraries
to name a few.
New data reader/writer for json frames and support for sql as a data source.
Miscellaneous improvements: improved documentation, better testing, run/release scripts,
improved packaging, Docker container for systemds, support for lambda expressions, bug
fixes.
Removed MapReduce compiler and runtime backend, pydml parser, Java-UDF framework,
script-level debugger.
Deprecated ./scripts/algorithms, as those algorithms gradually will be part of
SystemDS builtins.

[2]

Contributions
Apache SystemDS welcomes contributions in code, question and answer, community building, or
spreading the word. The contributor guide is available at
https://github.com/apache/systemds/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md

See also
Comparison of deep learning software

References
1. Apache SystemDS (https://github.com/apache/systemds), The Apache Software Foundation,
2022-02-24, retrieved 2022-03-06
 2. SystemDS, Apache. "SystemML 1.2.0 Release Notes" (https://systemds.apache.org/).
systemds.apache.org. Retrieved 2021-02-26.

External links
Apache SystemML website (http://systemds.apache.org/)
IBM Research - SystemML (http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view_group.php?id
=3174)
Q & A with Shiv Vaithyanathan, Creator of SystemML and IBM Fellow (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20180321002223/http://www.spark.tc/q-a-with-shiv-vaithyanathan-creator-of-systemm
l-and-ibm-fellow/)
A Universal Translator for Big Data and Machine Learning (http://www.spark.tc/a-universal-tr
anslator-for-big-data-and-machine-learning/)
SystemML: Declarative Machine Learning at Scale presentation by Fred Reiss (https://www.
youtube.com/watch?v=WkYqjWL1xzk)
SystemML: Declarative Machine Learning on MapReduce (http://researcher.watson.ibm.co
m/researcher/files/us-ytian/systemML.pdf)
Hybrid Parallelization Strategies for Large-Scale Machine Learning in SystemML (http://ww
w.vldb.org/pvldb/vol7/p553-boehm.pdf)
SystemML's Optimizer: Plan Generation for Large-Scale Machine Learning Programs (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20150218102423/http://sites.computer.org/debull/A14sept/p52.pdf)
IBM's SystemML machine learning system becomes Apache Incubator project (https://www.z
dnet.com/article/ibms-systemml-machine-learning-system-becomes-apache-incubator-proje
ct/)
IBM donates machine learning tech to Apache Spark open source community (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20150617032644/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2413132/ibm-dona
tes-machine-learning-tech-to-apache-spark-open-source-community)
IBM's SystemML Moves Forward as Apache Incubator Project (http://www.eweek.com/devel
oper/ibms-systemml-moves-forward-as-apache-incubator-project.html)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apache_SystemDS&oldid=1159707735"