EFFECT OF SEPTICEMIA

PROJECT TITLE

Major Project Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree of

Bachelor of Pharmacy
Submitted To

RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL (M.P.)

Submitted By

Irshad raza (0554py171032)

Under The Guidance of:

Mr. Phoolsingh Yaduwanshi

(Associate Professor, IES Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal)

IES INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY BHOPAL (M.P)

SESSION 2017-2021
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Irshad raza Student of Final Year B.Pharmacy branchhas
successful completed the major project work entitled “ affect of septicemia”. This
Technical Project is hereby approved for submission toward spartial fulfillment
for the Bachelor degree in B.Pharmacy from RajivGandhi Proudyogiki
Vishwavidyalaya,Bhopal.

Guided By: Forwarded to

Principal
Mr. Phoolsingh yaduvanshi Dr. Vinod Kumar
Associate Professor Gauttam
IES Institute of Pharmacy, Principal IES Institute
Bhopal of Pharmacy, Bhopal
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

The Major Project entitled affect of septicemia being submitted by “Irshad raza
(0554py171032) has been examined by us and is hereby approved for the award of degree
“Bachelor of Pharmacy” for which it has been submitted. It is understood that by this approval
the undersigned do not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or
conclusion drawn therein, but approve the Major Project only for the purpose for which it has
been submitted.

(Internal Examiner) (External Examiner)

Date: Date:
DECLARATION
I Irshad raza a student of Bachelor of Pharmacy,session:2017-2021 IES INSTITUTE OF
PHARMACY, BHOPAL hereby declare that the work presented in this Major Project entitled
“affect of septicemia ”'" is the outcome of my own work. It is a bonafide work and correct to
the best of my knowledge and this work has been carried out taking care of Pharmacists Ethics.

Name:Irshad raza
EnrollmentNo:0554py17032

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our deepest gratitude to our Group Director Prof.SunitaSingh for providing us
with an environment to complete our project successfully.
We are deeply indebted tour Principal Dr.VinodKumar Gauttam ,who modeled us both
technically and morally for achieving greater success in life.He showed us different ways to
approach a research problem and the need to be persistent to accomplish any goal.We thank him
heartily.

We are extremely obliged and thankful to Head of Department for his keen interest, continued
encouragement and precious advice for the work.

With immense pleasure I place on record,my profound sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to
Project Guide Mr.Phoolsingh Yaduwanshi (Associate Professor, IES Institute of
Pharmacy),for him valuable guidance,motivation,inspiring encouragement and continuous
support for this work.

We also thank all the staff members of our college and technicians for their help in making this
project a successful one.

Finally,we take this opportunity to extend our deep appreciation to our family and friends,for
all that they meant to us during the crucial times of the completion of our project.

IRSHAD RAZA (0554PY171032)

 CONTENT

 Introduction
 Defination
 Symptoms
 Causes
 Risk factor
 Diagnosis
 Treatment
 Prevention
 Uses of drugs
 Conclusion
 References
INTRODUCTION

 Septicemia a potentially life threatening infection in which large amounts of

bacteria are present in the blood,its referred to as blood poisoning.

 Blood poisoning is a nonmedical term that usually refers to the medical condition
known as sepsis.

 Septicemia usually results from of an infection elsewhere in the body that leads to a
dangerous buildup of bacteria in the bloodstream. The most common areas of
infection that lead to septicemia include the abdomen, lungs, urinary tract, bone,
central nervous system (meningitis) and heart . Other tissues also may be involved.

 The study found that the sepsis death rate is 213 per 1,00,000 people in
India,206 in Pakistan, 183 in Nepal, 136 in Bangladesh
Defination

Septicemia, formerly called blood poisoning, infection resulting from the

presence of bacteria in the blood (bacteremia). The onset of septicemia is signaled
by a high fever, chills, weakness, and excessive sweating, followed by a decrease
in blood pressure. The typical microorganisms that produce septicemia,
usually gram-negative bacteria, release toxic products that trigger immune
responses and widespread blood clotting (coagulation) within the blood vessels, thus
reducing the flow of blood to tissues and organs. (For information on the systemic
inflammatory condition that occurs as a complication of infection by any class of
microorganism, see sepsis.)




Symptoms

 Fever and chills

 Rapid breathing or shortness of breath
 Rapid heart rate
 Sudden high fever (higher than 101 degrees Fahrenheit)

Progressing symptoms of septicemia

As septicemia progresses, symptoms increase in severity and
include:

 Changes in mental status

 Confusion or loss of consciousness for even a brief moment
 Decreased urine production
 Rapid heart rate
 Red spots on the skin
 Diarrhea or vomiting
Causes

 The majority of cases of sepsis are due to bacterial infections.

 some are due to fungal infections. and very few are due to other
causes of infection or agents that may cause systemic inflammatory
response syndrome. The infectious agents, usually bacteria
 Viral infections,including COVID-19
 Humans wound infection
 Internal injuries
 Oral cavity burns
 Risk factors

Sepsis can affect anyone with an infection,but the risk is higher

for:

 Adult older than 65

 Babies under 1 years of age
 People with weakened immune system
 People with chronic illnesses such as diabetes, HIV, cancer

Sepsis in older adult

Older people have a higher risk of sepsis because they:

 Often have other conditions such as diabetes

 Often have reduce immunity
 Have a higher risk of malnutrition

Sepsis often stem from a urinary tract infection or an infection of the

respiratory tract, such as pneumonia of the flu. In 2020, COVID-19 as a risk
factor for sepsis, especially in older adult.
 After an older person recovers from sepsis , they may have increase risk
of :

 A repeat infection
 Chronic pain and fatigue
 Organ damage

Diagnosis
A doctor diagnoses sepsis by:

 Taking a medical history, including details of any recent infection or

other events
 Taking account of person’s symptoms
 Performing of physical examination
 Evaluating blood pressure, temperature, and other signs

A laboratory test

 Blood culture
 Urine culture
 Blood test
 Platelet count cbc
Treatment

 Hospitalization
 Providing oxygen and intravenous fluids to ensure blood flow to the
organs
 Administering antibiotics, if the infection is bacterial
 Scheduling surgery, if necessary to remove damaged tissue
 Control the glucose level for older people

Uses of drugs in septicemia

 Ampicillin
 Amoxycillin
 Clindamycin
 Ofloxacin
 Benzyl penicillin
 Tetracycline
 Meropenem

Best therapy of drug in septicemia:

 Meropenem is an antibiotic that used to treat bacterial infection

 It is used for serious and complicated infection caused by bacteria. It
is not to be used for normal infection
 Meropenem injection comes as a powder to be mixed with
liquid and injected intravenously (into a vein). It is usually given
every 8 hours. The length of treatment depends on your
general health, the type of infection you have, and how well you
respond to the medication.

Structure of meropenem

Side effects

 headache;
 nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation;
 rash; or
 anemia.
 Conclusion

as septicemia is the life threatening

infection, we should aware of simple
infection which leads to serious infection. by
observing symptom one can take care of
infection at the intial stage. to avoid
septicemia, people should be educated and
not neglect the preventive measures of
infection.