KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

INS CHILKA
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
TOPIC: COVID-19 PANDEMIC

INVESTIGATED BY:
NAME: Ayush Kumar Parida
BOARD ROLL NO.: 12649898
CLASS: XII SC
GUIDED BY:
Dr. Ritarani Panigrahy (PGT BIOLOGY)
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this Biology Investigatory Project on the
topic COVID-19 Pandemic has been successfully completed by Ayush
Kumar Parida of class XII Science under the guidance of
Dr. Ritarani Panigrahy in partial fulfillment of the curriculum of
Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) leading to the award
of annual examination of the year 2021-22.

Sign of External Sign of Internal

Sign of Principal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to convey my sincere gratitude of almighty god. It is
my utmost pleasure to express deep sense of gratitude towards Dr.
Ritarani Panigrahy my Biology teacher, who directed me to complete
this project successfully. Her valuable guidance, support and
supervision are considerably responsible for bringing this project
attain its project form.
I also wish to acknowledge my heartfelt thanks to my principal
Sri. Dibakara Bhoi for providing all the facility required to
complete this project.
A special thanks to my parent for giving encouragement, enthusiasm
and invaluable assistance to me. Without all this, I might not be
able to complete this project.
And Thanks to my dear friends who helped me to complete this
project in time.

Sign of Student
 INDEX

1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. Introduction to COVID-19
4. History: Infection of corona viruses
5. How it spreads
6. Incubation period
7. Diagnosis
8. Symptoms
9. Treatments
10. Prevention
11. Facts about COVID-19
12. Bibliography
INTRODUCTION TO
COVID-19
Hosts, Reservoirs and Infected
Animals
 Infect birds and mammals
 Bats are hosts to the largest number of viral genotypes of
coronavirus
 Epidemics can occur when viruses transmit from one species to
another
 Can cause mutations in proteins that allow viruses to bind to cells

Humans
 Human coronaviruses are causes of respiratory and
gastrointestinal tract infections
 Estimated to account for 5-10 percent of all adult upper respiratory tract infections
(“common cold” to pneumonia and ARDS)
 GI symptoms including diarrhea
 When mutations occur, coronaviruses can be a significant
cause of human epidemics
HISTORY: INFECTION
OF CORONA VIRUSES
Coronaviruses: History of
Infections
 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-
2002/2003
 Guangdong Province of China
 Beta coronavirus
 Transmitted from bats to civets to humans
 Began in February 2003 and outbreak lasted until July 2003
 More than 8000 total cases, 774 deaths, fatality rate of
~9.6%
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) –
2012
 Saudi Arabia
 Beta coronavirus
 Transmitted from camels to humans
 More than 2400 cases, 858 deaths, fatality rate of ~34.4%
 HOW IT SPREADS
 Droplets or aerosols: When an infected
person coughs, sneezes, or talks, droplets or tiny
particles called aerosols carry the virus into the air from
their nose or mouth. Anyone who is within 6 feet of that
person can breathe it into their lungs.

 Fecal-oral: Studies also suggest that virus

particles can be found in infected people’s poop. But
experts aren’t sure whether the infection can spread
through contact with an infected person’s stool. If that
person uses the bathroom and doesn’t wash their hands,
they could infect things and people that they touch.

 Airborne transmission: Research shows that

the virus can live in the air for up to 3 hours. It can get
into your lungs if someone who has it breathes out and you
breathe that air in. Experts are divided on how often the
viruses’ spreads through the airborne route and how much
it contributes to the pandemic.

 Surface transmission: Another way to catch

the new coronavirus is when you touch surfaces that someone
who has virus has coughed or sneezed on. You may touch a
countertop or doorknob that’s contaminated and then touch
your nose, mouth, or eyes. The virus can live on surfaces
like plastic and stainless steel for 2 to 3 days. To stop
it, clean and disinfect all counters, knobs, and other
surfaces you and your family touch several times a day.
 INCUBATION PERIOD
The incubation period of COVID-19, which is the time between
exposure to the virus and symptom onset, is on average 5-6 days,
but can be as long as 14 days. Thus, quarantine should be in place
for 14 days from the last exposure to a confirmed
 DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Antibody (Serology) Tests
What they do: These tests detect antibodies that signal that
the body has mounted an immune response to the virus. They do not
indicate whether a person has current COVID-19 infection, or when
they were exposed.

Method: Blood Sample

Molecular
Tests
What they do: These
tests loo for the virus’s genetic material and are the current
standard for diagnosing COVID-19.

Method: Nasal or throat swab, and for some test, saliva

COVID-19 SYMPTOMS
 Fever or chills
 Cough
 Shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing
 Fatigue
 Muscle or body aches
 Headache
 New loss of taste or smell
 Sore throat
 Congestion or runny nose
 Nausea or vomiting
 Diarrhea
 TREATMENTS
There is no specific, effective treatment or cure for corona
viruses’ disease 2019 (COVID-19) the disease caused by the SARS-
COVID-2 virus.
 But in India “Covishield” and “Covaxin” are used in
this time.
 The “Oxford –AstraZeneca” vaccine has been approved for
use in the UK. There is no vaccine approved by WHO.
PREVENTION
FACTS ABOUT
COVID-19
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
With the help of:
1. Google
 https://www.webmd.com
 https://www.who.int
 https://www.narayanahealth.org
2. YouTube
3. Biology Teacher