BIOLOGY ICSE PROJECT

2020-2021

Topic:- CORONA VIRUS

Name - Md Arquam Sayeed

Class - 10 B
Roll no. -20
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my special thanks to my Biology teacher ‘Mrs. Sudha

Singh’ as well as our respected principal ‘Mrs. Nandini Shukla’ who gave us
the wonderful opportunity to do this project on the topic: ‘Covid-19’. They
helped me by giving necessary information about the topic. It helped me in
doing a lot of research and I came to know so many things about the growing
adverse situation of the noble coronavirus pandemic. I would also like to thank
my parents and friends who supported me in finalizing it till the end. I enjoyed
a lot while doing this project.
 INDEX:
Serial No. Contents Slide No.

1. First Page 1
2. Acknowledgement 2
3. Index 3
4. Introduction 4
5. Its Main Origin and Causes 5
6. Ways of Transmission 6
7. Preventive Measures 7
8. Government & Media Role 8
9. Research Work and Vaccination 9
10. Conclusion 10
11. Bibliography 11
 INTRODUCTION:
The Novel Coronavirus especially known
by its scientific name ‘COVID-19’ is an
infectious virus caused by acute respiratory
syndrome. This disease was first identified
at the end of 2019, December in Wuhan, the
capital of China’s Hubei province, and has
since spread globally, resulting in the 2019-
2020 ‘Coronavirus Pandemic’. Common
symtoms of this disease include fever, cough
and shortness of breath. Other symtoms
may include muscle pain, sputum
production, diarrhea, sore throat, abdominal
pain, and loss of smell and taste.
 I TS MA IN ORI GI N & CA U S E S:

If we talk about its origin, then it is believed to have zoonotic origins and
has close genetic similarities to ‘Bat’ corona viruses. It is claimed that it
has emerged from ‘Bat-borne’ virus. There is no evidence to link any other
animal species to have been found the similar kind of virus. It causes a
little genetic diversity indicating that the new form of this corona virus in
humans is likely to have occurred in late 2019. The virus is believed to
have originated from the Wuhan animal market. Due to lack of care to
remove the virus from the bat’s body, it may have been consumed by mass
and has started to infect people in a chain.
• It is also believed that the virus may have been created in the ‘Wuhan
Research Lab’ as a Bio weapon for China’s security purposes. But it may
have been accidently escaped due to carelessness and had spread from
people to people as it was a communicable disease.
• To identify the source or origin of the virus, it will be helpful to look at the
genetic make up of the virus and see whether it resembles other known
viruses. This may provide clues as to its origin. Viruses that are genetically
closely linked tend to come from a similar source or similar geographic
area. 
• After coming into the body of an individual, the virus shows its symptoms
after 14 days; that is, its incubation period is 14 days. Within the 14 days,
it commands the body to make its copies inside the lungs. Consequently, it
fills up the lungs and causes the individual to have difficulties in breathing.
It makes the person sick and might lead him to death too.
 WAYS OF TRANSMISSION:

In the context of Covid-19, airborne transmission may be possible in specific circumstances and
settings in which procedures or support treatments that generate aerosols are performed; that is,
endotracheal intubations, bronchoscopy, open suctioning, administration, of nebulized treatment,
manual ventilation before intubation, Tracheostomy, and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation.
• The virus ‘Covid 19’ transmits through direct, indirect , or close contact with infested people
through infected secretions such as saliva and respiratory secretions or their respiratory droplets,
which are expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks.
• If we talk about its airborne transmission, if this virus gets released out of the respiratory
secretions of the infected person in air, then it stays there for longer periods of time. It actually
does not transmit through air. But the recent studies about the virus has made the world known
that it has upgraded itself and can also be transmitted through air through some distance.
• Respiratory secretions or droplets expelled by infected individuals can contaminate surfaces and
objects, creating contaminated surfaces. This virus may be found on those surfaces for periods
ranging from hours to days. Therefore, transmission may also occur indirectly through touching
surfaces in the immediate environment or objects contaminated with virus from an infected
person.
• Some studies have reported detection of Covid-19 , in either plasma or serum, and the virus can
replicate in blood cells. However, the replication of blood-borne virus remain uncertain ;and low
viral titers in plasma and serum suggest that the risk of transmission through this route may be
low. Covid -19 has also been detected in other biological samples, including urine and faeces of
some patients. One study found the viable virus in a patient’s urine. Three studies have also
found it from stool specimens. However, there is no published reports for the transmission of
Covid-19 through faeces or urine.
 PREVENTIVE MEASURES:

• Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alchohol-based hand rub or wash
them with soap and water. Washing your hands with soap and water or using alchohol-
based hand rub to kill viruses that may be on your hand.
• Maintain at least 1 meter distance between yourself and others. When someone coughs,
sneezes or speaks, they spray small liquid droplets on their nose or mouth which may
contain virus. If you were too close, you can breath in the droplets, including the Covid-
19 virus if the person has the disease.
• Avoid going to crowded places. Where people come together in crowds, you are more
likely to come into close contact with someone that has Covid-19 and it is more difficult
to maintain physical distance of one meter.
• Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth. Hands touch many surfaces and can pick up
viruses. Once contaminated, hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth.
From there, the virus can enter your body and infect you.
• Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene. This means
covering your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or sneeze.
Then dispose of the used tissue immediately and wash your hands. Why? Droplets spread
virus. By following good respiratory hygiene, you protect the people around you from
viruses such as cold, flu and COVID-19.
• Stay home and self-isolate even with minor symptoms such as cough, headache, mild
fever, until you recover. Have someone bring you supplies. If you need to leave your
house, wear a mask to avoid infecting others. Why? Avoiding contact with others will
protect them from possible COVID-19 and other viruses.
 GOVERNMENT AND MEDIA ROLE
• We have to consider that our government has played a very essential part in handling the
adverse situation of the ‘COVID-19 pandemic’ around the globe. In India, our honorable
Prime minister ‘Shri Narendra Modi’ had announced the nation about ‘Janta Curfew’ on
22nd March 2020. On this day nobody was allowed to step out of their house. Since after,
our PM announced the nation again that there will be a whole ‘Nation Lockdown’. All
shops, cinema halls, shopping malls, transport, salon and places that include mass
gatherings will be prohibited and closed. It was made sure that people should not go to
each other’s houses as it will increase the risk of spreading the virus. It was made
compulsory to wear masks in case one is going out of his house and all of them on streets.
Our police force did a great job in making people stay in their houses and to fine them on
not wearing masks. Till date (10th August 2020), the government had announced various
unlocks of some essential equipments such as material transports, etc.
• There is a large part of media in making people aware about the number of cases that are
increasing everyday. It made us updated about all the current affairs going around us and
in the world. It played an active role in making us know about the seriousness of the virus
and how fast is it spreading all over the world. The number of people getting infected
everyday and how were they losing their lives.
 RESEARCH WORK AND VACCINATION:

• Due to the recent Covid-19 outbreak, the scientists have started

to study about the virus. Even after working on it for 6-7 months
they were unable to create its vaccine. It was found in research
of this virus that it was firstly attacking the lungs and other
organs related to the respiratory system. But now, it was found
that the virus also attacked the heart.
• The scientists have also found that the virus upgrades itself at
times as well. It was strongly attacking our respiratory system
after coming inside from an infected individual’s respiratory
droplets. Now its is reported that the virus may propagate
through air in some distance. The recent changes being observed
in virus is increasing our fear.
• But in such a time, Russia is claiming to have made the world’s
first Covid-19 vaccine after a long period of worldwide
researches and resentments in every country.
 CONCLUSION:
At the end of this project, I want to say that this is a very tough situation through
which all the people in the world are going through. Many of them have lost their jobs
who earned their living through everyday’s work because of the recent lockdown. It
has brought a severe loss in almost every country’s economy. Many of the people have
lost their lives due to hunger and of course, due to the virus itself. With the recent
studies, Russia has claimed to have been the first country to create the Covid-19
vaccine. So, we still have the hopes that everything which is going in the world right
now changes and we could again come into the tracks and our life becomes normal.
Anyway, I got to know many a things about the types of viruses and their
characteristics which has boosted my knowledge through some extent. I want to say
again that I loved to do this project.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY:
• Internet (Google search engine, www.who.int)
• Parents
• Friends
• Teachers
• News channels on televisions (TV 9 Bharatwarsh)