ENGLISH PAPER

CORONA VIRUS DISEASE 2019

NAME : Wulan Rizki Faujiyah

NIM : 1921119 / PSIKM 1 B

LUBUK PAKAM MEDISTRA HEALTH INSTITUTE

FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC HEALTH STUDY PROGRAM
T.A 2019/2020
 FOREWORD

Praise the presence of Allah SWT who has given His grace and guidance so that I can complete
the assignment of this paper on CORONAVIRUS 19 on time.

The purpose of writing this paper is to fulfill my college assignments in the field of English
studies. In addition, this paper also aims to add insight into the Coronavirus disease 19 outbreak
for readers and also for writers.

I thank sir Rozy Nasution, as a lecturer in English who has given this assignment so as to
increase knowledge and insight about this epidemic caused by Coronavirus Disease 19.

I also thank all those who shared some of their knowledge so that I could finish this paper.

I realize, the paper I wrote is still far from perfect. Therefore, I will look forward to constructive
criticism and suggestions for the perfection of this paper.

Riau, June 28, 2020

Wulan Rizki Faujiyah

 CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY

A. Background Of The Paper

Corona virus is part of a family of viruses that cause disease in animals or also in
humans. In Indonesia, it is still fighting the Corona Virus to this day, as well as in other
countries. The number of cases of Corona Virus continues to grow with several reports of
recovery, but not a few have died. Handling and prevention efforts continue to be made in order
to fight COVID-19 with flu-like symptoms.
the case began with pneumonia or mysterious pneumonia in December 2019. This
mysterious pneumonia infection case is indeed found in many of these animal markets. Corona
virus or COVID-19 allegedly brought bats and other animals that humans eat until transmission
occurs. Coronavirus is actually no stranger to the world of animal health, but only a few types
are able to infect humans to become pneumococcal disease.
This case is allegedly related to the Huanan animal market in Wuhan which sells various
types of animal meat, including those that are not commonly consumed such as snakes, bats, and
various types of mice. With this background, Corona Virus is not the only time to load panicked
citizens of the world. Having the same symptoms as flu, Corona Virus develops rapidly so that it
causes more severe infections and organ failure.

B. Identification Of Promblems

Based on the written background, I provide the following information about the problem
that will be used as discussion material in this paper.

i. The influence of the implementation of social distancing for countries to minimize the
spread of Corona Virus.
ii. The rapid spread of Corona Virus from one country to another.
iii. Patients who have Corona Virus infection will experience complications from the disease
to death.

C. Formulation Of The Problem

i. What is the process of the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia?

ii. Why did Covid-19 become a pandemic outbreak?

iii. Where did the Covid-19 distribution begin?

iv. How to prevent Covid-19 by residents

E. Purpose Of The Problem
Of the several problems that have been identified and formulated, there are objectives of
the problem itself.

i. Understand and know the symptoms of COVID-19.

ii. Can apply how to prevent the spread of Corona Virus.

iii. Understand and know what COVID-19 is and what we must do.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Study Theory
Corona virus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is a virus
that attacks the respiratory system. This disease caused by a viral infection is called COVID-19.
Corona virus can cause mild disturbances to the respiratory system, severe lung infections, to
death.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), better known as the
Corona virus, is a new type of coronavirus that is transmitted to humans. Although more
attacking the elderly, this virus can actually affect anyone, ranging from infants, children, to
adults, including pregnant women and nursing mothers. Corona virus infection is called COVID-
19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) and was first discovered in the city of Wuhan, China at the end
of December 2019. This virus is transmitted very quickly and has spread to almost all countries,
including Indonesia, in just a few months.
In addition to the SARS-CoV-2 virus or Corona virus, viruses that are also included in
this group are the viruses that cause Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the virus
that causes Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Although caused by viruses from the
same group, namely coronavirus, COVID-19 has some differences with SARS and MERS,
including in terms of the speed of spread and severity of symptoms.

B. The Nature of Theory

Coronavirus is a collection of viruses that can infect the respiratory system. In many
cases, this virus only causes mild respiratory infections, such as flu. However, this virus can also
cause severe respiratory infections, such as lung infections (pneumonia).

1. How Corona Virus Spreads

Because COVID-19 is a new disease, many aspects of how its spread is being studied.
The disease is spread during close contact, often by small droplets produced during coughing,
sneezing, or talking. Drops are transmitted, and cause new infections, when inhaled by people in
close contact (1 to 2 meters, 3 to 6 feet). They are produced during breathing, but because they
are relatively heavy, they usually fall to the ground or surface.
Speaking out loud releases more drops than normal speech. A study in Singapore found
that an uncovered cough can cause droplets to reach 4.5 meters (15 feet). An article published in
March 2020 argues that the suggestion about droplet distance might be based on 1930s research
that ignores the effects of warm moist exhaled air around droplets and that coughing or sneezing
that doesn't open can run up to 8.2 meters (27 feet).
 After the drops fall to the floor or surface, they can still infect other people, if they
touch the contaminated surface and then their eyes, nose or mouth with an unwashed hand. On
the surface, the amount of active virus decreases over time until it no longer causes infection.
However, experimentally, viruses can survive on various surfaces for some time, (for
example copper or cardboard for several hours, and plastic or steel for several days). The surface
is easily decontaminated by household disinfectants which kill viruses outside the human body
or at hand. In particular, however, disinfectants or bleach should not be swallowed or injected as
a treatment or preventative measure, because this is dangerous or potentially fatal.
Phlegm and saliva carry a large amount of viruses. Some medical procedures can cause
the virus to be transmitted more easily than usual for such small droplets, known as air
transmissions.
The virus is most infectious during the first three days after the onset of symptoms,
although spread is known to occur up to two days before symptoms appear (asymptomatic
transmission) and in later stages of the disease. Some people have been infected and recovered
without showing symptoms, but uncertainty remains in the case of transmission without
symptoms. Although COVID-19 is not a sexually transmitted infection, kissing, intercourse, and
fecal oral routes are thought to transmit the virus.

2. Symptoms of COVID-19
Early symptoms of Corona virus infection or COVID-19 can resemble flu symptoms,
namely fever, runny nose, dry cough, sore throat, and headache. After that, the symptoms can
disappear and heal or even aggravate. Patients with severe symptoms can experience high fever,
cough with phlegm and even bleeding, shortness of breath, and chest pain. These symptoms
appear when the body reacts against the Corona virus. In general, there are 3 general symptoms
that can indicate someone is infected with the Corona virus, namely:
 Fever (body temperature above 38 degrees Celsius)
 Cough
 Shortness of breath
The symptoms of COVID-19 generally appear within 2 days to 2 weeks after the
patient is exposed to the Corona virus.
Fever is the most common symptom, although some older people and those who have
other health problems experience a fever later in life. In one study, 44% people have a fever
when they come to the hospital, while 89% have a fever at some point during hospitalization.
Other common symptoms include coughing, loss of appetite, fatigue, shortness of
breath, sputum production, and muscle and joint pain. Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and
diarrhea have been observed in various percentages. Less common symptoms include sneezing,
runny nose, or sore throat. Some cases in China initially only accompanied by chest tightness
and palpitations.
A decrease in the sense of smell or interference in taste can occur. Loss of odor is a
symptom that occurs in 30% of confirmed cases in South Korea.
As is common with infections, there is a delay between when a person is first infected
and when he experiences symptoms. This is called the incubation period. The incubation period
for COVID-19 is usually five to six days but can range from two to 14 days, although 97.5% of
people who experience symptoms will do so within 11.5 days of infection.
 A small percentage of cases do not develop symptoms that are seen at a particular point
in time. Asymptomatic carriers tend not to be tested, and their role in transmission is not yet fully
known. However, preliminary evidence shows that they can contribute to the spread of the
disease. In March 2020, the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) reported
that 20% of confirmed cases remained asymptomatic during hospital stay.

3. Reasons Why COVID-19 Becomes a Pandemic

The World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the Corona Virus COVID-
19 as a pandemic on Wednesday (11/03/2020). This is because it occurred after an outbreak
similar to SARS infected more and more people where on Thursday morning the number reached
126,063 cases. With a total of 4,616 people killed and 67,071 people recovered, according to
Worldometers.
WHO stresses that the use of the term pandemic does not mean there are
recommendations that change. All countries are still required to detect, test, treat, isolate, track
and monitor the movements of their communities.
"Changing the term does not change anything practically considering a few weeks before the
world was reminded to prepare for the potential pandemic," said Dr. Nathalie MacDermott
King’s Colege London.
"But the use of this term highlights the importance of countries around the world to work
cooperatively and openly with one another and unite as a united front in an effort to control this
situation."

4. The Beginning of the Spread of the Virus

Starting with a local case, Covid-19 spread throughout the world after another by means
of transmission called a case of imports from outside the area of origin or local transmission
between residents. So far, the various incidents that first occurred relating to Covid-19 do not
seem to provide a complete picture of this virus. Conclusions so far, experts' analysis suggests
that Covid-19 has a stronger survival in low temperature and dry regions, although this virus is
also endemic in countries with the opposite conditions of temperature and humidity.
This virus is also more prone to cause death in the elderly population. However, there are
also residents in this age group who managed to recover and a baby also died from Covid-19.
The first set of events also shows the efforts of experts to find this antivirus as quickly as
possible. So far, these efforts have not given results as expected. In hindsight, the initial
sequence of the emergence of Covid-19 was familiar to the ears of the world community. China
is listed as the first country to report Covid-19 cases in the world. For the first time, China
reported the existence of this new disease on 31 December 2019. At the end of 2019, the office
of the World Health Organization (WHO) in China received notification of a type of pneumonia
whose cause was unknown. An acute respiratory infection that attacks the lungs was detected in
Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China.
According to the authorities, some patients are traders who operate in the Huanan Fish
Market. Over time, the search said, the Covid-19 case had appeared before. Referring to the 37th
WHO report on the Covid-19 situation, 26 February 2020, the first confirmed Covid-19 case in
China was on 8 December. However, this information also depends on the initiatives of countries
that provide disease information to the global health agency. As for a report published in the
pages of the medical journal The Lancet by Chinese doctors from the Jin Yin-tan Hospital in
Wuhan, which treats some of the earliest patients, citing the date of the first known infection on
December 1, 2019. Preliminary information on the emergence of Covid-19 still keep going
backwards. On December 16, doctors at Wuhan Central Hospital sent samples from other
patients with persistent fever for laboratory testing. The results show that the virus resembles
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

5. Corona Virus Treatment

Corona virus infection or COVID-19 can not be treated, but there are several steps that
doctors can take to reduce symptoms and prevent the spread of the virus, namely:

 Referring patients with severe COVID-19 to undergo treatment and caratina in a referral
hospital
 Provide fever and pain relievers that are safe and appropriate to the patient's condition
 Encourage sufferers of COVID-19 to do independent isolation and adequate rest
 Encourage sufferers of COVID-19 to drink lots of water to maintain body fluid levels

6. Complications of Corona Virus

In severe cases, Corona virus infection can cause the following complications:
 Pneumonia (lung infection)
 Secondary infection in other organs
 Renal failure
 Acute cardiac injury
 Acute respiratory distress syndrome
 Death
In some people, this disease can develop into pneumonia, multi-organ failure, and death.
Neurological manifestations include seizures, strokes, encephalitis, and Guillain-Barré
syndrome. Complications related to cardiovascular may include heart failure, irregular electrical
activity, blood clots, and inflammation of the heart.
In some people, COVID-19 can affect the lungs that cause pneumonia. In those most
severely affected, COVID-19 can quickly develop into an acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS) that causes respiratory failure, septic shock, or multi-organ failure. Complications
related to COVID-19 include sepsis, abnormal clotting, and damage to the heart, kidneys, and
liver. Clotting abnormalities, specifically an increase in prothrombin time, have been explained
in 6% of those who are hospitalized with COVID-19, while abnormal kidney function is seen in
4% of this group. About 20-30% of people who present with COVID-19 show an increase in
liver enzymes (transaminases). Liver injury as indicated by a blood marker of liver damage is
often seen in severe cases.

7. Corona Virus Prevention

Until now, there is no vaccine to prevent Corona virus infection or COVID19.
Therefore, the best preventive way is to avoid the factors that can cause you to be infected with
this virus, namely:
 Apply physical distancing, which is to maintain a minimum distance of 1 meter from
other people, and not to leave the house unless there is an urgent need.
 Use a mask when doing activities in public places or crowds, including when you go
shopping for groceries.
 Routinely wash hands with soap and water or hand sanitizers containing at least 60%
alcohol, especially after doing activities outside the home or in public places.
 Do not touch the eyes, mouth and nose before washing hands.
 Increase endurance with a healthy lifestyle.
 Avoid contact with people with COVID-19, people suspected of being positively
infected by the Corona virus, or people who have a fever, cough, or runny nose.
 Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze, then throw the
tissue in the trash.
 Keep clean objects that are often touched and environmental cleanliness, including
cleaning the house.

For people suspected of being affected by COVID-19 or included in the ODP

(monitored person) or PDP (patient under surveillance) category, there are steps that can be
taken so that the Corona virus is not transmitted to others, namely:
 Do independent isolation by staying apart from other people for a while. If not possible,
use a bedroom and bathroom that is different from those used by others.
 Do not leave the house, except for treatment.
 If you want to go to the hospital when the symptoms get worse, you should first contact
the hospital to pick up.
 Forbid and prevent others from visiting or visiting you until you are completely healed.
 As much as possible do not meet with people who are sick.
 Avoid sharing the use of eating and drinking utensils, toiletries, and sleeping equipment
with others.
 Wear a mask and gloves when in a public place or with someone else.
 Use tissue to cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, then immediately
throw the tissue in the trash.
Conditions that require direct treatment by a doctor in the hospital, such as childbirth,
surgery, dialysis, or vaccinating children, need to be treated differently with some adjustments
during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim is to prevent transmission of the Corona virus while
you are in the hospital. Consult with your doctor about the best course of action that needs to be
done.
Corona virus is very influential on our psychological ranging from racism to political affiliation,
ranging from the threat of virus transmission can change our psychological response to ordinary
interactions, making us behave in unexpected ways.
Moreover, at this time the government has determined that new normal will choose to make
peace with the current situation, new normal is a change in behavior to carry out normal
activities, but by implementing health protocols with the aim of preventing covid-19
transmission. it aims if applied in the community, they are more able to accept and carry out
activities as usual.
as for my role as a candidate for public health medical personnel, want to provide
advice and tips to overcome the current problems that we face together, namely by reducing
anxiety to the community. the presence of this virus is enough to make people in all parts of the
world feel anxious. Such anxiety is not without reason. the article, the death toll from corona
virus has reached thousands. who is not afraid? even the news on television, radio, and print
media about co-19 has been very shocking. many of the news seem exaggerated and make the
whole community panic, including Indonesia.
So, what should we do? of course, relieve that anxiety.
But how?
here are the ways we can overcome anxiety about corona virus :

1. Take a break from seeing and reading news

The first way to overcome anxiety is to take a break from news exposure, both on
television and social media. by resting for a while, we will feel calmer and not panic about these
various issues about the corona virus. maybe, for some people this attitude can hamper and
hinder daily productivity. but, this is a very appropriate step because it has a good impact on the
health of our minds. begin to shift activities that usually read the latest news about covid-19 to
other activities that are more positive, such as exercising, cooking, or helping parents do
household chores.

2. Focus on corona virus prevention activities and implement health

protocols.
If we simply cannot move away from the hot topics that just happened, we can focus on
solving the problem that causes anxiety. for example, we feel anxious when we see or read a
story about an update of a victim who has contracted corona to death.
well, we can overcome it by starting a clean life and always maintaining the immune system as a
preventative measure.

3. Looking for more positive news

Rather than watching and reading about news that is confusing truth, it's better to find
other news that is more useful. or, if we have the skills to sort out which news is false and which
news is true, we can gather some information and view it from a variety of different (more
positive) points of view
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

I. Conclusions

Based on what has been discussed, I draw conclusions and make several points, as follows:

 Apply how to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in everyday life.

 Avoid direct contact with other people, and try not to leave the house unless it's an
emergency.
 COVID-19 is a virus that damages the respiratory system and can cause several
complications due to infection until death.
 Don't feel too depressed and overburdened during this pandemic outbreak, because what
is needed is a strong immune system or the body's metabolism and can increase
immunity through exercise and eating healthy foods.

II. Suggestion

To avoid this corona virus, you should stay away from crowded places, always obey government
regulations, apply health protocols that have become government regulations.
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