PAPER

ENGLISH III
"Corona Virus Disease 2019"

 
Author: Group 4
1. A Kurniawan Dawn

2. Ade Irawan

3. Egi Satya Fralazenda

 
Guidance Lecturer:

Ana Maryanti, M.Pd

 
NURSING ACADEMY BINA INSANI SAKTI
SUNGAI PENUH
2021
  FOREWORD
 
Thank God for giving his mercy and guidance so that we can complete the
task of our paper on "Covid-19"..
The purpose of writing this paper is to fulfill the task. Mrs. Anamaryanti,
M.Pd on English courses. In addition, this paper also aims to add insight into the
coronavirus disease outbreak 19 for readers as well as for the author.
We thank Mrs. Anamaryanti, M.Pd,as an English Lecturer who has given
this task so as to increase knowledge and insight about the outbreak of diseases due
to Coronavirus Disease 19.
We would also like to thank all those who have shared some of their
knowledge so that we can complete this paper.
We realized that the paper we were writing was far from perfect. Therefore,
constructive criticism and advice will be expected for the perfection of this paper.
 

Sungai Penuh,
September 16,2021

Group 4
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface...................................................................................................................... 3
Table of Contents.................................................................................................... 3
Chapter I: Introduction.......................................................................................... 4
Background............................................................................................................. 4
The Problem Formula............................................................................................. 5
Purpose of the Paper............................................................................................... 5
Chapter II: Discussion........................................................................................... 6
Definition of Covid-19........................................................................................... 6
Signs and Symptoms of Covid-19.......................................................................... 7
How is Covid-19 Transmissions............................................................................. 7
Prevention Covid-19............................................................................................... 8
Handling Covid-19............................................................................................... 12
Complications of Covid-19................................................................................... 13
Chapter III: Cover................................................................................................ 15
Conclusion............................................................................................................ 15
Saran..................................................................................................................... 15
Bibliography......................................................................................................... 15
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
 
A. BACKGROUND
Coronavirus is part of the family of viruses that cause disease in animals or
also in humans. In Indonesia, it is still fighting the corona virus to this day, as
well as in other countries. The number of coronavirus cases continues to grow
with some reporting cures, but not a few have died. Efforts to handle and prevent
continue to be done to fight COVID-19 with flu-like symptoms.
The case began with pneumonia or mysterious pneumonia in December
2019.This mysterious pneumonia infection case is indeed widely found in the
animal market. Corona virus or COVID-19 is suspected to be carried by bats and
other animals eaten by humans until transmission occurs. Coronavirus is actually
no stranger in the world of animal health, but only a few types that are able to
infect humans to become pneumonia.
The case is thought to be related to the Huanan animal market in Wuhan
which sells various types of animal meat, including unusually consumed ones
such as snakes, bats, and various types of rats. Against this background, the
Corona Virus is not just this time containing panicked world citizens. Having
similar flu-like symptoms, the coronavirus progresses rapidly to result in more
severe infections and organ failure.
 
B. PROBLEM FORMULATION
Based on the background above the problem formulation of this paper is:
1. What is covid-19?
2. How are the signs and symptoms of covid-19
3. How is covid-19 transmission?
4. How to prevent Covid-19?

 
C. PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
Of the several problems that have been identified and formulated, there is the
purpose of the problem itself. :
1. Understand and know what COVID-19 is.
2. Understand and know the symptoms of COVID-19.
3. Understand and know how to transmit covid-19
4. Can apply how to prevent the spread of covid-19.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
 
A. Definition of Covid-19
Coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) is a virus that attacks the respiratory system. The disease due to this viral
infection is called COVID-19. Corona virus can cause mild disruption of the
respiratory system, severe lung infections, to death.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) better
known as coronavirus is a new type of coronavirus that is transmitted to humans.
Although more common in the elderly, this virus can actually attack anyone,
ranging from infants, children, to adults, including pregnant women and nursing
mothers. The coronavirus infection is called COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease
2019) and was first discovered in the Chinese city of Wuhan in late December
2019. The virus is transmitted very quickly and has spread to almost all countries,
including Indonesia, in just a few months.
In addition to the SARS-CoV-2 virus or corona virus, the viruses that also
belong to this group are the virus that causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS) and the virus that causes Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).
Although caused by a virus from the same group, namely coronavirus, COVID-19
has
There are differences with SARS and MERS, among others, in terms of
speed of spread and severity of symptoms.

B. Signs and Symptoms of Covid-19

Early symptoms of coronavirus infection or COVID-19 can resemble flu
symptoms, namely fever, cold, dry cough, sore throat, and headache. After that,
the symptoms can disappear and heal or even aggravate. Patients with severe
symptoms can experience high fever, phlegm cough and even bleeding, shortness
of breath, and chest pain. These symptoms appear when the body reacts against
the coronavirus. In general, there are 3 common symptoms that can indicate a
person is infected with the corona virus, namely:
  Fever (body temperature above 38 degrees Celsius)
 Cough
 Shortness of breath
The symptoms of COVID-19 generally appear within 2 days to 2 weeks after
the patient is exposed to the corona virus.
Fever is the most common symptom, although some older people and those with
other health problems develop fever later in life. In one study, 44% of people had
a fever when they came to the hospital, while 89% had a fever in some point
during hospitalization.
Other common symptomp includes coughing, loss of appetite, fatigue,
shortness of breath, sputum production, and muscle and joint pain. Symptoms
such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea have been observed in varying
percentages. Less common symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, or sore
throat.
Some cases in China were initially accompanied only by chest tightness and
heart palpitations. A decrease in the sense of smell or a disturbance in taste may
occur. Loss of smell is a symptom that appears in 30% of confirmed cases in
South Korea.
As is common with infections, there is a delay between when a person is first
infected and when he or she experiences symptoms. This is called the incubation
period. The incubation period of COVID-19 is usually five to six days but can
range from two to 14 days, although 97.5% of people who experience symptoms
will do so within 11.5 days of infection.
A small percentage of cases do not develop symptoms that are seen at a
certain point in time. These asymptomatic carriers are less likely to be tested, and
their role in transmission is not yet fully known. However, preliminary evidence
suggests that they may contribute to the spread of the disease. In March 2020, the
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) reported that 20% of
confirmed cases remained asymptomatic during hospital stays.

C. How to Covid-19 Mensnake

Since COVID-19 is a new disease, many aspects of how it spreads are being
investigated. The disease is spread during close contact, often by small droplets
produced during coughing, sneezing, or talking. Droplets are transmitted, and
cause new infections, when inhaled by people in close contact (1 to 2 meters, 3 to
6 feet). They are produced during breathing, but because they are relatively
heavy, they usually fall to the ground or surface.
Speaking out loud releases more droplets than normal talk. A Singapore
study found that an unsannyed cough can cause droplets to reach 4.5 meters (15
feet). An article published in March 2020 argues that suggestions about droplet
spacing may be based on 1930s research that ignored the effects of warm moist
exhaled air around droplets and that an unappliced cough or sneeze could travel
up to 8.2 meters (27 feet).
Once the droplets fall to the floor or surface, they can still infect others, if
they touch contaminated surfaces and then their eyes, nose or mouth with
unwashed hands. On the surface, the number of active viruses decreases over time
until it no longer causes infection. However, experimentally, the virus can survive
on various surfaces for some time, (e.g. copper or cardboard for several hours,
and plastic or steel for several days). Surfaces are easily decontaminated with
household disinfectants that kill viruses outside the human body or on hands. In
particular, however disinfectants or bleach should not be swallowed or injected as
a treatment or preventive measure, as these are dangerous or potentially fatal.
Phlegm and saliva carry a large amount of the virus. Some medical
procedures can cause the virus to be transmitted more easily than usual to such
small droplets, known as air transmission.
The virus is most contagious during the first three days after the onset of
symptoms, although the spread is known to occur up to two days before
symptoms appear (asymptomatic transmission) and in later stages of the disease.
Some people have been infected and recovered without showing symptoms, but
uncertainty remains in terms of asymptomatic transmission. Although COVID-19
is not a sexually transmitted infection, kissing, intercourse, and oral stool routes
are suspected of transmitting the virus.

D. Prevention of Covid-19
 Until now, there has been no vaksi n to prevent coronavirus or COVID-
19infection. Therefore, the best way to prevent is to avoid factors that can cause
you to become infected with this virus, namely:
 Apply physical distancing, which is to keep a distance of at least 1 meter
from others, and do not first go outside the house unless there is an
urgent need.
 Use a mask when on the move in public places or crowds, including
when going shopping for groceries. .
 Routine hand washing with water and soap or hand sanitizer that contains
at least 60% alcohol, especially after activities outside the home or in
public places.
 Do not touch your eyes, mouth, and nose before washing your hands.
 Increase endurance with a healthy lifestyle.
 Avoid contact with COVID-19 sufferers, people who are suspected of
being positively infected with the coronavirus, or people who are sick with
fever, cough, or cold.
 Cover your mouth and nose with tissues when coughing or sneezing, then
discard them.
 tissues to the trash.
 Keep the cleanliness of objects that are often touched and the cleanliness
of the environment, including the cleanliness of the house .
For people suspected of being affected by COVID-19 or included in the
category of ODP (people in monitoring) and PDP (patients under surveillance),
there are several steps that can be done so that the corona virus is not transmitted
to others, namely:
 Do self-isolation by staying apart from others for a while. When that is not
possible, use a bedroom and bathroom that is different from the one that
others use.
 Don't leave the house, except for treatment.
 If you want to go to the hospital when symptoms get heavier, you should
first contact the hospital to pick up.
  Ban and prevent others from visiting or visiting you until you are
completely healed.
 As much as possible do not have a meeting with people who are sick.
 Avoid sharing the use of cutlery and drinking utensils, toiletries, and
sleeping equipment with others.
 Wear a mask and gloves when you are in a public place or with someone
else.
 Use a tissue to cover the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, then
immediately throw the tissue into the trash.
Conditions that require direct treatment by a doctor in a hospital, such as
childbirth, surgery, blood washing, or childhood vaccination, need to be treated
differently with some adjustments during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal is to
prevent transmission of coronavirus while you are in the hospital. Consult a
doctor about the best course of action that needs to be done.
 
E. Covid-19 wishing
Coronavirus infection or COVID-19 has not been treated, but there are several
steps that doctors can take to relieve symptoms and prevent the spread of the
virus, namely:
 Referring to severe COVID-19 sufferers to undergo treatment and
quarantine in referral hospitals
 Provide fever and pain relievers that are safe and appropriate to the patient's
condition
 Encourage COVID-19 sufferers to do self-isolation and adequate rest
 Encourage COVID-19 sufferers to drink plenty of water to maintain body
fluid levels.

F. Complications of Covid-19
In severe cases, coronavirus infection can cause some of the following
complications:
 Pneumonia (lung infection)

 Secondary infection of other organs

 Kidney failure
  Acute cardiac injury

 Acute respiratory distress syndrome

 Death
In some people, the disease can progress to pneumonia, multi-organ failure,
and death. Neurological manifestations include seizures, stroke, encephalitis, and
Guillain-Barré syndrome. Cardiovascular-related complications may include heart
failure, irregular electrical activity, blood clots, and inflammation of the heart.
In some people, COVID-19 can affect the lungs that cause pneumonia. In those
most severely affected, COVID-19 can quickly develop into acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS) that causes respiratory failure, septic shock, or multi-
organ failure. Complications associated with COVID-19 include sepsis, abnormal
clotting, and damage to the heart, kidneys, and liver. Clotting abnormalities,
particularly an increase in prothrombin time, have been described in 6% of those
hospitalized with COVID-19, while abnormal kidney function was seen in 4% of
this group. About 20-30% of people present with COVID-19 show an increase in
liver enzymes (transaminases). Liver injury as indicated by blood markers of liver
damage is often seen in severe cases.
 CHAPTER III
COVER
 
A. Conclusion
Coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) is a virus that attacks the respiratory system. The disease due to this viral
infection is called COVID-19. Corona virus can cause mild disruption of the
respiratory system, severe lung infections, to death.
Early symptoms of coronavirus infection or COVID-19 can resemble flu
symptoms, namely fever, cold, dry cough, sore throat,and headache. After that,
the symptoms can disappear and heal or even aggravate. Patients with severe
symptoms can experience high fever, phlegm cough and even bleeding,
shortness of breath, and chest pain.
The disease is spread during close contact, often by small droplets produced
during coughing, sneezing, or talking. Droplets are transmitted, and cause new
infections, when inhaled by people in close contact (1 to 2 meters, 3 to 6 feet).
Thebest prevention is to adhere to the 3M health protocol (Wearing a mask,
washing your hands, and keeping your distance).

B. Advice
Based on what has been discussed, the advice of the speaker :
 Apply how to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in everyday life.
 Avoid direct contact with others, and try to reduce outdoor activities.
 COVID-19 is a virus that damages the respiratory system and can cause
several complications from infection to death.
 Increases immunity from exercise and eating a healthy diet.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 
 
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https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200312075307-4-144247/who-nyatakan-
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https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/id/coronavirus
 
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perkembangan- up to the latest issues