bI OHMBUBHMOBH]B

 CRHO@ 7575

M@GIB NHOZBWVNWO@ BMO]@WONI 

Knhubi gbidrnh`, uh drnhmb 75753 NÞ@ MBI

F`h sus ombns y nffo`hbs, Gbidrnh` jub pnrtb mb drnhmbs trnhsj`rknfo`hbs bh bi pnës. M`s DBHBrNI KNHRBI
nhovbrsnro`s pnrn rbf`rmnr n uh drnh pntro`tn.
gbidrnh`
A nfb 725 nþ`s hnfën bh Gubh`s Norbs Knhubi Gbidrnh`. Bh >445 h` brn
p`sogib pbhsnr i`s tobkp`s mojëfoibs qub ntrnvbsnrën ho ins trnhsj`rknfo`hbs
qub tbhmrën in trnhquoin foumnm mb Gubh`s Norbs ‖p`r bht`hfbs brn nóh uhn
sbhfoiin foumnm mbi sur mbi Zorrbohnt` mbi Ubró‖, f`k` tnkp`f` p`mën ohtuorsb bi r`i
pr`tndöhof` qub cudnrën Gbidrnh`, fuyns nffo`hbs fnkgonrënh pnrn sobkprb in
Bh 7575 sb fukpibh m`sfobht`s fohfubhtn nþ`s
mbi hnfokobht` mb Knhubi Gbidrnh` y m`sfobht`s
mb su kubrtb. F`h fnmn nþ` qub pnsn, su jodurn y
su ibdnm` pnrbfbh anfbrsb kîs drnhmbs. Wbf`r-
aost`ron mb hubstr` pnës. mnk`s h` s`i` su vniobhtb pnpbi bh in Dubrrn mb
Bi 75 mb cuho` mb >175, anfb 755 nþ`s, k`rën bh Gubh`s Norbs Knhubi Gbi- Ohmbpbhmbhfon, soh` tnkgoïh sus pr`ybft`s y sus
drnh`. In foumnm tbhën bsfubins, pbroömof`s, uh hubv` rïdokbh bf`hökof`. Ins ombnibs. Gbidrnh` h`s ohvotn n rbjibxo`hnr y n anfbr
 .
Ur`vohfons Rhomns brnh uhn hubvn hnfoöh, ohmbpbhmobhtb mb Bspnþn, f`h uh   b
  v
   o aost`ron cuht`s.
   a
d`gobrh` pr`po` y bh kbmo` mb f`hjioft`s bxtbrh`s ‖uhn dubrrn mb t`m` bi f`h-   f
  r Unrn f`hkbk`rnr bstns jbfans tnh okp`rtnhtbs,
   N
tohbhtb‖ y tnkgoïh ohtbrh`s. Gbidrnh` pnrtofopö bh t`m`s bs`s fnkgo`s3 jub ok-   y
  r bi d`gobrh` hnfo`hni mbfinrö (kbmonhtb uh mbfrbt`
  `
   t
puis`r mb pbroömof`s, ohstotufo`hbs bmufntovns, trnhsj`rknfo`hbs bh bi f`kbrfo`<   s
   o prbsombhfoni) qub 7575 sbn bi Nþ` mbi Dbhbrni
   A
   i
jub pnrtb mb hubstr` prokbr d`gobrh` pntro`, dbhbrni mb bcïrfot` bh kbmo` mb in   n
  s
Knhubi Gbidrnh`. D`gobrh`s pr`vohfonibs, ohstotu-
  r
dubrrn y pnrtofopö mbi F`hdrbs` qub mbfinrö in Ohmbpbhmbhfon bh ]ufukîh.   b fo`hbs bmufntovns y in f`kuhomnm bh dbhbrni s`h
  v
   o
  h
N i`s m`fbhtbs mb in Nrdbhtohn h`s t`fn bh 7575 rbf`rmnr sus ombns y sus    R
 ,
ohvotnm`s n mbstnfnr y rbkbk`rnr in jodurn mb bstb
  s
nffo`hbs. Bi `gcbtov` bs or kîs niiî mb in bjbkïromb y pbhsnr n bstn pbrs`hn   b
  d
pntro`tn.
  n
bh su f`htbxt` y bh su ïp`fn, pnrn f`h`fbr y bhsbþnr hubstrn aost`ron f`k`   k
   O
Mbsmb Vnhtoiinhn mbsnrr`iink`s pr`muft`s bmo-
  y
kbk`ron y f`k` kbmo` mb bhtbhmbr bi prbsbhtb y f`hstruor hubstrn ombhtomnm.    t
   t t`ronibs qub vnh n nf`kpnþnr bstb nþ` f`hkbk`-
  b
   D rntov`3
• Mon
Monro`
ro` Bi Ohmbpbhmobhtb, bh
Ohmbpbhmobhtb,  bh vbrsoöh pnpbi y modo-
tni (www.gofbhtbhnro`snhtoiinhn.f`k).
Knhubi Gbidrnh` mbtrîs mb bsfbhn • Knhubi, in Gnhmbrn y y`3 iogr` bh j`rknt` fun-
mbrh` f`h tbxt`s ohj`rkntov`s, nftovomnmbs y pr`-
pubstns mb nprbhmozncb gnsnm` bh pr`ybft`s.
]nkg`r mb ]nfunrë  • Vobtb iogr`s mb iotbrnturn mb I`qubib`, qub nfbr-
Bh >1>5, in Urokbrn Cuhtn mb D`gobrh` bhvoö n Knhubi Gbidrnh` ni Unrnduny, ni jrbh- fnh n i`s ibft`rbs, kbmonhtb nvbhturns y pbrs`-
tb mb uh bcïrfot`, f`h bi `gcbtov` mb suknr bsn z`hn n in Wbv`iufoöh. Funhm` pnsnr`h hncbs, i`s sufbs`s kîs okp`rtnhtbs mb in vomn
p`r bi pubgi` mb _ndunrbtï-F`rî (nftuni foumnm mb F`hfbpfoöh, bh in pr`vohfon mb mb Gbidrnh`.
F`rrobhtbs), uh hoþ` mb >7 nþ`s, iinknm` Ubmr` Wë`s, pomoö bhr`inrsb bh in bxpbmofoöh
koiotnr.. Bh uh prohfopo`, Gbidrnh` sb hbdö, pbr` p`r bxprbs` pbmom` mbi pnmrb mbi hoþ` i`
koiotnr gusfnr...
www.gofbhtbhnro`snhtoiinhn.f`k

tbrkohö nfbptnhm`. In juhfoöh mb Ubmr` brn knrfnr bi pns` mb i`s s`imnm`s d`ipbnhm`
su tnkg`r. Bi >? mb bhbr` mb >1>> bi hoþ` pnrtofopö mb su prokbrn gntniin, bh Unrndunrë,
qub tbrkohö bh uhn mbrr`tn nhtb i`s rbniostns. U`f` mbspuïs, bi ? mb knrz`, sb pr`muc` bi
f`kgntb mb ]nfunrë,
]nfunrë, bh bi qub Ubmr` kuroö n fnusn mb m`s mospnr`s bh bi pbfa`. U`r bsb
k`tov` bs rbf`rmnm` f`k` ’Bi ]nkg`r mb ]nfunrë‛, y t`m`s i`s ? mb knrz` sb f`hkbk`rn
bh su pr`vohfon bi Mën mbi Hoþ` F`rrbhtoh`.
Fanrin k`tovnfo`hni 
Knhubi Gbidrnh` tbhën uh drnh sbhtom` pntroötof` y brn f`hsfobhtb mb in okp`rtnhfon mb in Mbfinrnfoöh mb in
Ohmbpbhmbhfon pnrn ins Ur`vohfons Rhomns. Bstn mbgën sbr mbfinrnmn p`r bi F`hdrbs` mb ]ufukîh,
]ufukîh, qub angën
f`kbhznm` n sbso`hnr bi 7= mb knrz` mb >1>:. ]rns trbs kbsbs mb mbgntbs soh rbsuitnm`s, Gbidrnh` iibdö n
bsn pr`vohfon bi : mb cuio`, y ni mën soduobhtb ibs mo` n i`s f`hdrbsnibs uhn fanrin kuy bk`tovn, bh in qub mbstn-
fö in hbfbsomnm mb nfbibrnr bi pr`fbs`. Okpnftnm`s p`r su mosfurs` bhfbhmom`, bi ? mb cuio` i`s f`hdrbsnibs
f`hfrbtnr`h in Mbfinrnfoöh mb in Ohmbpbhmbhfon. Ins pningrns mb Gbidrnh` angënh surtom` bjbft`.
In snium bs i` prokbr`
Bi ohtbrïs mb Gbidrnh` p`r bi gobh f`kóh aoz` qub rbotbrnmnkbhtb sb mbsprb`fupnrn mb su snium y su bf`-
h`kën pbrs`hni. Murnhtb fnso in kotnm mb su vomn sujroö vnrons bhjbrkbmnmbs qub i` `giodnr`h n pbmor iofbhfon
kobhtrns trngncngn f`k` sbfrbtnro` mbi F`hsuinm` mb F`kbrfo` mb Gubh`s Norbs. Murnhtb ins fnkpnþns ko-
iotnrbs tuv` pniumosk` y jobgrbs kuy nitns, ni tobkp` qub sb ndrnvngn su aomr`pbsën (nfukuinfoöh mb iëquom`
bh i`s tbcom`s). Bh sus óitok`s tobkp`s, bstn m`ibhfon fnso ib okpbmën m`rkor mb f`stnm` y jub, johnikbhtb, in
fnusn mb su kubrtb.
]`m` uh ’mnhmo‛
Knhubi Gbidrnh` tbhën uh fnrîftbr sbrbh`, pbr` jorkb. H` brn kuy nit`, h` usn-
gn gnrgn ho god`tb y su v`z brn ndumn. Brn bibdnhtb, fuit` y fuomngn su nspbft`3
knhtbhën ins uþns iokpons, usngn f`i`hons y fnkosns puifrns y bh ins tbrtuions
s`iën f`hvbrsnr f`h ins kucbrbs. Brn f`hsombrnm` uh ’mnhmo‛, bs mbfor, niduobh
bibdnhtb y rbjohnm` qub vbstën n in k`mn.
7 | bI OHMBUBHMOBH]B | CRHO@ 7575

Bhtrbvostn n Bmunrm` Vnfabro 

’GBIDrNH@ BV RH BCBKUI@ MB ARKOIMNM _ MB U@HBr

N I@V MBKÎV U@r BHFOKN MBI Ur@UO@ OH]BrÏV‛
Bmunrm` Vnfabro, mbstnfnm` bsfrot`r y pr`jbs`r mb Aost`ron, f`hvbrsö f`h h`s`tr`s s`grb Knhubi Gbidrnh`, sus ombns,
su vomn y, p`r supubst`, in frbnfoöh mb in Gnhmbrn.

Gbidrnh`, uhn jodurn fbhtrni mb hubstrn Ohmbpbhmbh-
fon, `t`rdngn kufan okp`rtnhfon n in bmufnfoöh.
°Fuîibs mb sus ombns bh bstb fnkp` s`h kîs rbib-
vnhtbs0
Nhtbs mb sbr uh rbv`iufo`hnro`, Gbidrnh` jub juhfo`-
hnro` mbi F`hsuinm` murnhtb kufa`s nþ`s. Bs mbfor, brn
uh juhfo`hnro` mb in f`i`hon, mbi Okpbro` bspnþ`i. Brn uh
rbj`rkostn, prbtbhmën qub i`s fnkgo`s, in k`mbrhoznfoöh
mbi pnës, sb pumobrnh iibvnr nmbinhtb bh bi knrf` mbi Ok-
pbro` bspnþ`i. H` pr`p`hën morbftnkbhtb uhn rupturn f`h
Bspnþn, soh` uhn k`mbrhoznfoöh mbi vëhfui`. Rhn k`mbr-
hoznfoöh bf`hökofn y s`foni mb ins f`i`hons bspnþ`ins
mbhtr` mbi knrf` mbi Okpbro` bspnþ`i. Wbfoïh funhm` sb
pr`mufb in frosos mb ins dubrrns hnp`iböhofns, in prosoöh
mb Jbrhnhm` ZOO bh knh`s mb Hnp`iböh, Gbidrnh`, cuht`
f`h `tr`s ohtbibftunibs mb in ïp`fn, f`kobhzn n pbhsnr
qub bs okprbsfohmogib mnr bi pns` rbv`iufo`hnro`, p`rqub
yn h` bs p`sogib iibvnr nmbinhtb bsn k`mbrhoznfoöh bh bi
knrf` mbi Okpbro`.
Bh bsb f`htbxt`, su prokbr drnh pr`ybft` bmufntov` i`
dbhbrn prbfosnkbhtb sobhm` juhfo`hnro` mbi F`hsuinm`.
Gbidrnh` ohtbhtn mosbþnr uh sostbkn mb i` qub iinknrën-
k`s a`y ’bmufnfoöh pógiofn‛. Bh uhn ïp`fn bh in qub
ins p`fns bsfubins bxostbhtbs mbpbhmënh mb in Odibson,
Gbidrnh` pr`p`hb utoioznr rbfurs`s mb i`s okpubst`s pnrn
ngror bsfubins proknrons m`hmb sb bhsbþnrn n ibbr y n
bsfrogor, y nrotkïtofn, n t`m`s i`s faof`s y tnkgoïh n ins
faofns. Gbidrnh` ib mngn kufan okp`rtnhfon n qub ins
kucbrbs rbfogobrnh bmufnfoöh< bh nqubi k`kbht` in bmu-
fnfoöh brn kuy mbjofotnron y iibdngn n kuy p`fn dbhtb, y
bs`s p`f`s brnh vnr`hbs. Gbidrnh` nmvobrtb in okp`rtnh-
fon mb qub ins kucbrbs rbfognh bmufnfoöh.
Bh bi F`hdrbs` mb ]ufukîh, Gbidrnh` pnrtofopö mb
i`s mbgntbs s`grb in j`rkn mb d`gobrh` qub nm`ptnrën
hubstr` tbrrot`ro` yn ohmbpbhmobhtb. Ïi pr`p`hën nm`p-
tnr bi sostbkn k`hîrquof`. °U`r quï0
Uobhsbh qub bi F`hdrbs` mb ]ufukîh sb rbóhb n pnrtor
mb >1>:, funhm` ins pr`vohfons bh ins qub an bstniinm` bi
Zorrbohnt` sb bhfubhtrnh bh uhn sotunfoöh mb fn`s y bh-
jrbhtnkobht` kuy jubrtb bhtrb biins. H` i`drnh p`hbrsb mb
nfubrm` s`grb in j`rkn mb d`gobrh` qub sb mbgën nm`p-
tnr ho tnkp`f` s`grb uhn mostrogufoöh rbdo`hni mbi p`mbr.
Gubh`s Norbs prbtbhmën, f`k` bxfnpotni mbi Zorrbohnt`, qub
ins `trns rbdo`hbs in `gbmbfobrnh. Bsns `trns rbdo`hbs mbi
Zorrbohnt` ib hobdnh `gbmobhfon. Bh mbjohotovn, sb bstî bk-
pbznhm` n knhojbstnr i` qub vn n sbr bi kuy inrd` f`hjioft`
bhtrb uhotnro`s y jbmbrnibs. ]`mnvën h` angën bstniinm` f`h
bs`s h`kgrbs, pbr` bstngn ybhm` bh bsn morbffoöh. Nmb-
kîs, bstn s`fobmnm qub bstî sniobhm` mb in f`i`hon bs uhn
s`fobmnm kuy prb`fupnmn p`r in p`sogoiomnm mb uh mbs`r-
mbh s`foni. Bsn bs uhn drnh prb`fupnfoöh s`grb t`m` pnrn
bi drup` mb i`s ginhf`s, i`s mbsfbhmobhtbs mb bspnþ`ibs,
tnht` pbhohsuinrbs (hnfom`s bh Bspnþn) f`k` fro`ii`s (hn-
fom`s bh Nkïrofn). I`s ntbk`rozn i` sufbmom` bh Anotë mbs-
puïs mb in Wbv`iufoöh jrnhfbsn, funhm` i`s bsfinv`s hb-
dr`s kntnr`h n fnso t`m`s i`s ginhf`s mb in osin. Bs f`k`
uhn pbsnmoiin qub vn n pbrsbduor n i`s rbv`iufo`hnro`s aos-
pnh`nkbrofnh`s, sb vnh n sbduor prbduhtnhm`3 ’°H` h`s
angrbk`s bquov`fnm` ohofonhm` uhn rbv`iufoöh qub pubmb
tbhbr uh f`htbhom` s`foni, nmbkîs mbi f`htbhom` p`iëtof`
mb sbpnrnrh`s mb Bspnþn0‛.
Bht`hfbs, in ombn mb uh rby, mb uhn k`hnrquën, ibs sub-
hn kufa` kîs bstngib qub in ombn mb uhn rbpógiofn. Bh
bsn ïp`fn, bi óhof` pnës qub tbhën uhn mbk`frnfon f`h su-
jrndo`, gnstnhtb mbk`frîtof` y m`hmb v`tngn kufan dbhtb,
qub bibdën n uh prbsombhtb y n sus nut`romnmbs fnmn funtr`
inkbht` knhbcnrn bi p`mbr y bi rby jubrn uhn jodurn óitokn
mb rbspnim`, kîs gobh mbf`rntovn, f`k` yn i` brn bi rby mb
Ohdintbrrn. Bs mbfor, in rbv`iufoöh brn f`htrn bi rby mb Bspn-
þn, qub brn uh rby ngs`iut`, pnrn mnrib bi p`mbr n `tr` rby
iokotnm` p`r uhn F`hstotufoöh, qub jubrn uhn rbsbrvn óitokn
mb p`mbr y, s`grb t`m`, okpomobrn uhn nhnrquën qub sb i`s
pumobrn iibvnr pubst`s n bii`s kosk`s, bs mbfor, n ins finsbs
pumobhtbs mb Nkïrofn.
Nuhqub su jodurn an qubmnm` ns`fonmn n in Gnhmbrn,
Gbidrnh` bs kufa` kîs qub su frbnm`r. F`k` pr`-
jbs`r mb Aost`ron, °quï nspbft`s mb su vomn y mb su
pbhsnkobht` tb pnrbfbh okp`rtnhtbs pnrn trngncnr bh
ins bsfubins0 °U`r quï0
U`r uh inm`, su fnpnfomnm mb nhtofopnfoöh. Gbidrnh`,
funhm` vb qub Ohdintbrrn y Jrnhfon s`h pnësbs pnrn oko-
tnr, bstî anfobhm` nid` pnrbfom` n i` qub anrî Vnrkobht`
funrbhtn nþ`s mbspuïs funhm` s`stbhdn qub bi k`mbi`
n okotnr bs Bstnm`s Rhom`s. Gbidrnh` y Vnrkobht` bstîh
vobhm` rbnikbhtb ins p`tbhfons mb in ïp`fn, i`s pnësbs
rbnikbhtb jubrtbs y vod`r`s`s qub bstîh frbfobhm` ku-
fa`, b ohtbhtnh pnrbfbrsb n bs`s pnësbs. Bi drnh ohtbrïs mb
Gbidrnh` bs in k`mbrhoznfoöh, bi mbsnrr`ii` bf`hökof`, bi
frbfokobht` y bi gobhbstnr mb in p`ginfoöh. Kobhtrns pobh-
sn qub bs` sb pubmb mnr mbhtr` mbi Okpbro` bspnþ`i, bs
juhfo`hnro` mbi F`hsuinm`< funhm` sobhtb qub bs` yn h`
bs p`sogib, sb anfb rbv`iufo`hnro`. Bs dbhtb qub tobhb i`s
pobs bh in tobrrn. H` s`stobhb prohfopo`s omb`iödof`s kuy
nibcnm`s mb in rbniomnm ho jubrzn in rbniomnm pnrn qub sb
pnrbzfn n sus prohfopo`s omb`iödof`s, soh` qub vn f`hstru-
ybhm` bs`s prohfopo`s n kbmomn qub vn bxpbrokbhtnhm`,
vn pr`gnhm`, sb vn bquov`fnhm`, vn jrnfnsnhm`. _, bh
bsb sbhtom`, su knhbrn mb nprbhmbr s`grb bi tbrrbh` y
fnkgonr mb ombns s`grb bi tbrrbh` kb pnrbfb qub bs nid`

Gbidrnh` ib mngn kufan nþ`s, bs mbfor qub brn uhn rbpógiofn, brnh i`s Bstnm`s Rho-
m`s. H` angën `tr`s qub bstuvobrnh juhfo`hnm` y Bstnm`s
kuy p`sotov` pnrn tbhbr bh fubhtn.
Nmbkîs, vni`rbs f`k` in a`hrnmbz y bi mbsohtbrïs

okp`rtnhfon n qub ins Rhom`s i` brn mbsmb >44:, uh bcbkpi` t`mnvën kuy c`vbh.
Mb naë qub kufa`s rbv`iufo`hnro`s pbhsnrnh bh uhn k`-
hnrquën. In rbv`iufoöh mbi pbrë`m` mb >1>5 bh nmbinhtb sb
kucbrbs rbfogobrnh trntn s`grb t`m` mb snfnrsb mb bhfokn ni rby mb Bspnþn,
h` in ombn mb uhn k`hnrquën bh së koskn. Bs okp`rtnhtb
bmufnfoöh< bh nqubi anfbr bstn mostohfoöh. Bh rbniomnm, pubmb rbsuitnr bxfïhtro-
f` qub in ombn mb Gbidrnh` jubrn pr`p`hbr n uh ohfn f`k`
pbrs`hni. Gbidrnh` bs uh` mb bs`s qub funhm` ib mbh
uh prbko` p`r uhn gntniin dnhnmn, m`hnrî bi mohbr` pnrn
ngror bsfubins. H` tobhb hohdóh ohtbrïs pbrs`hni ho bh bi
mohbr` ho bh in jnkn ` bi rbf`h`fokobht`. Ib okp`rtn ku-
fa` kîs i` qub bstî anfobhm` qub bi abfa` mb qub su
jodurn pbrs`hni sbn rbsnitnmn. Bh bsb sbhtom`, kb pnrbfb
qub bs uh bcbkpi` mb aukoimnm y mb p`hbr n i`s mbkîs

k`kbht` in bmufnfoöh brn rby, pbr` any qub tbhbr bh fubhtn qub i`s rbv`iufo`hnro`s
pr`p`hënh uhn k`hnrquën pnrinkbhtnron, bh in qub bi Unr-
p`r bhfokn mb su pr`po` ohtbrïs, kuy ohtbrbsnhtb pnrn uhn
ïp`fn f`k` in qub h`s t`fn vovor.

kuy mbjofotnron
mbjofotnron y iibdngn
Uubmb ibbrsb in bhtrbvostn f`kpibtn bh  www.gofbhtbhnro`snhtoiinhn.f`k
 www.gofbhtbhnro`snhtoiinhn.f`k..
n kuy p`fn dbhtb, y bs`s
p`f`s brnh vnr`hbs. Bmunrm` Vnfabro.  ’Bsfrot`r. Ur`jbs`r mb Aost`ron. Rh trnsh`fanm` qub frbb bh i`s
vni`rbs rbpugiofnh`s, ins ohstotufo`hbs, in iby y f`sns nsë‛. Nsë sb prbsbhtn Bmunrm`
Vnfabro bh ]wottbr. Bs uh mbstnfnm` nut`r nrdbhtoh`, iofbhfonm` bh Aost`ron p`r in
Rhovbrsomnm Hnfo`hni mb Iucîh, y bcbrfb in m`fbhfon sbfuhmnron y uhovbrsotnron.
Vu prokbrn h`vbin, In prbduhtn mb sus `c`s  (7552),
 (7552), jub iibvnmn ni fohb f`h kufa`
ïxot` (Bi
(Bi sbfrbt` mb sus `c`s , 755?). Bsfrogoö nsokosk` kufa`s fubht`s y rbint`s
f`rt`s vohfuinm`s f`h bi kuhm` mbi jótg`i. Bh 75>:, su h`vbin In h`fab mb in
Rsohn  (iibvnmn
 (iibvnmn ni fohb f`k` In `mosbn mb i`s doibs ) dnhö bi Urbko` Nijndunrn. Vu
óitokn h`vbin pugiofnmn bs I` kufa` qub tb nkï .

HNFOKOBH]@, OHJNHFON _ CRZBH]RM NF]RNFOÖH UÓGIO

>442 >415 >412 >4?5 >4?2 >1

>445 >41=->41: >41:->4?6 >4?= >4??

Hnfb bh Gubh`s Norbs Bstumon bh bi Wbni F`ibdo` Bstumon bh Bspnþn y sb Wbdrbsn n Gubh`s Norbs. Juhmn in Bsf
bi 6 mb cuho`. mb Vnh Fnri`s (a`y F`ibdo` drnmón f`k` ng`dnm` Vbfrbtnro` mbi F`hsuinm`. y in Nfnmbk
Hnfo`hni mb Gubh`s Norbs). (Vninknhfn y Zniinm`iom).
  CRHO@ 7575 | bI OHMBUBHMOBH]B | 6

GBIDrNH@ BH BI NRIN
Ins ombns y nffo`hbs mb Knhubi Gbidrnh` pubmbh ng`r-
mnrsb mbsmb pbrspbftovns movbrsns. Bi nhîiosos mb jubhtbs,
in rbinfoöh mb nspbft`s mb su vomn pbrs`hni f`h bi f`htbxt`
y, s`grb t`m`, ins nffo`hbs y mbfoso`hbs qub Gbidrnh` iibvö
n fng` murnhtb su vomn h`s pubmbh nyumnr n f`hstruor bi
sbhtom` mb uhn bjbkïromb y f`hvbrtorin bh uh f`htbhom` sod-
hojofntov`, qub sb pubmb vohfuinr f`h bi prbsbhtb.
Urbsbhtnk`s nquë trbs iëhbns mb trngnc`3 bi nhîiosos mb ins
ombns mb Gbidrnh` pnrn f`kprbhmbr sus nffo`hbs bh bi
knrf` mb uhn omb`i`dën< bi trngnc` f`h jubhtbs pnrn f`h`-
fbr su pningrn y bi nfbrfnkobht` mbi nrtb n su jodurn.
>. J`rknfoöh y pbhsnkobht`. Vb pubmbh ohvbstodnr y
rbinfo`hnr i`s bstumo`s rbnioznm`s p`r Knhubi Gbidrnh` y
fök` bst` i` iibvö n mbsnrr`iinr nffo`hbs. Nquë vnh niduhns
ombns.
• Ohvbstodnr quï bstumoö y möhmb. F`hstruor uhn iostn ` uh
knpn mb uhovbrsomnmbs mb Nkïrofn bh in ïp`fn. °^uï
fnrrbrns sb bstumongnh0 F`kpnrnr f`h ins p`sogoiomnmbs
mb bstumo` qub tobhb a`y uhn pbrs`hn qub vovb bh in Nr-
dbhtohn.
• °^uï sb ibën bh in ïp`fn f`i`honi0 Ohvbstodnr i`s pbroömo-
f`s y i`s tbxt`s qub forfuingnh murnhtb i`s óitok`s nþ`s
mbi Zorrbohnt`. Anfbr dnibrëns modotnibs mb p`rtnmns mb
iogr`s y monro`s, iostns y funmr`s f`h bstn ohj`rknfoöh.
• Ohvbstodnr in ombns mb Gbidrnh` s`grb bmufnfoöh. Uub-
mbh f`hsuitnr sus bsfrot`s bh bi  bi   F`rrb` mb F`kbrfo`  ` uhn pîdohn mb in nut`go`drnjën. Bhtrb t`m`s, ibbrin bh
(attp3// got.iy/65=FItu
got.iy/65=FItu).
• Anfbr uh knpn f`hfbptuni f`h ins ombns mb i`s rbv`iu-
fo`hnro`s mb Kny` mb >1>5. Uubmbh f`hsuitnr bh attp3//  • Iiuvon mb ombns f`h U`st-ot3 °quï nprbhmok`s
got.iy/7Jzulw@.
• In nftovomnm pubmb johnioznr f`hvbrsnhm` bhtrb t`m`s in
rbinfoöh bhtrb sus ombns y sus nffo`hbs. Unrn bst`, sb
pubmb f`hsuitnr bstb jrndkbht` mbi iogr` mb Jbiopb Uodhn
(attp3//got.iy/7]4hT4K).
• Unrn i`s kîs faof`s, bi m`fbhtb p`mrî sbibffo`hnr ni-
duhns jrnsbs okp`rtnhtbs, uhn iostn f`h sus nffo`hbs y
anfbr njofabs pnrn mostroguori`s bh bi nuin.
7. ]rngncnr f`h jubhtbs. Nmbkîs mb in nut`go`drnjën bh
in qub bi kosk` pröfbr fubhtn su vomn, any fnrtns y tbxt`s
pbro`mëstof`s bh movbrs`s nrfaov`s bh ohtbrhbt. Vb pubmb trn-
gncnr in soduobhtb sbfubhfon.
• Anfbr uhn gósqubmn f`ibftovn mb jubhtbs s`grb Gbidrn-
h` bh gogio`tbfns, ohtbrhbt, btfïtbrn.
• Jbfanr ins jubhtbs y `rmbhnrins p`r top` mb tbxt`.
• Bh in finsb, anfbr bhtrb t`m`s rbsókbhbs mb ins jubhtbs
bhf`htrnmns rbpnrtobhm` i`s m`fukbht`s.
• ]rngncnr f`h jrndkbht`s mb ins jubhtbs, nmbfunm`s sb-
dóh f`kpibcomnm ni hovbi bmufntov` mbi furs`. Urbstnr
ntbhfoöh n i`s mojbrbhtbs puht`s mb vostn.
• Anfbr bh j`rkn mb dodnht`drnjën uhn f`pon mb uhn fnrtn
finsb b or anfobhm` nh`tnfo`hbs, sugrnynm`s f`h knrfn-
m`rbs bh i`s kîrdbhbs.
nprbhmok`s s`grb Gbi-
drnh` ni ibbr ins jubhtbs0
• Unrn i`s kîs faof`s3 trngncnr f`h jrndkbht`s mb fnrtns.
6. Nrtofuinr f`h `trns mosfopiohns3 nrtb f`hkbk`rntov`.
f`hkbk`rntov`.
Bhtrb ins `grns mb nrtb mbmofnmns n Gbidrnh` sb mbstn-
fnh trbs aot`s qub pubmbh sbr tbkn pnrn ohvbstodnfo`hbs y
trngnc`s prîftof`s mb gnsb numo`vosuni.
• Bi knus`ib` bh
bh bi ntro` mb in Gnsëiofn mb
mb Vnht` M`-
kohd`, Gubh`s Norbs.  Nhnioznr su f`hstruffoöh y su
sokg`i`dën n trnvïs mb moguc`s y j`t`drnjëns.
• I`s rbtrnt`s. Nhnioznr movbrs`s rbtrnt`s mb Gbidrnh`3
mbsmb bi puht` mb vostn nrtëstof` bh pohturn, su jodurn bh
goiibtbs, k`hbmns, bmojofo`s pógiof`s, btfïtbrn.
• Bi K`hukbht`
K`hukbht` n in Gnhmbrn, W`snro`, Vnhtn Jb. Nhnio-
znr su bkpinznkobht`, sodhojofnm` y sokg`iosk` n trnvïs
mb j`t`drnjëns, pinh`s, btfïtbrn.
• Unrn i`s kîs faof`s3 gusfnr j`t`drnjëns y nrknr uh vomb`
sbhfoii` f`h uh fbiuinr ` uhn f`kputnm`rn.
Bh sëhtbsos, ins ombns jubrzn mb ins nftovomnmbs s`grb
Gbidrnh` bh bi nuin f`kgohnh ohj`rknfoöh nfnmïkofn, rb-
jibxoöh, frbntovomnm pnrn supbrnr in kornmn ombnioznmn mb uh
pröfbr y bhtbhmbr su vni`r bh su f`htbxt` y bh bi prbsbhtb.

Ins okîdbhbs s`h a`y p`tbhtbs kbmo`s pnrn f`htnr aost`rons mbi prbsbhtb
y mbi pnsnm`. Vb pubmbh rbnioznr vnrons fnrtbibrns bh in bsfubin, bhtrb t`mn
kgbidrnh`@L
in f`kuhomnm bmufntovn, pnrn f`hstruor uh mosfurs` f`ibftov` y kuitok`mni
s`grb Gbidrnh`.
• J`rknr vnro`s bquop`s bh in bsfubin, mb mojbrbhtbs nþ`s, `rdnhoznm`s p`r
tnrbns pnrn anfbr trbs fnrtbibrns3
>. Fnrtbibrn mb ins ohj`drnjëns.  .
  k
7. Fnrtbibrn mb i`s knpns.    B
  b
  y
6. Fnrtbibrn mb ins kbtîj`rns vosunibs.    B
   /
   /
Ins ohj`drnjëns  s`h drîjof`s qub bxpiofnh pr`fbs`s, `rmbhnh mnt`s `   n
   t
   t
  b
   a
fubhtnh aost`rons. Vb pubmbh anfbr ohj`drnjëns, p`r bcbkpi`, s`grb in frbn-   f
  u
   U
foöh mb in Gnhmbrn, ins mojbrbhtbs bxpbmofo`hbs koiotnrbs mb Gbidrnh`, su   n
   m
nffoöh p`iëtofn, bi F`hdrbs` mb ]ufukîh y su r`i, su rbinfoöh f`h Vnh Knrt ëh,   b
   þ
  n
   t
btfïtbrn.   s
  n
@trn fnrtbibrn pubmb trngncnr f`h knpns qub kubstrbh i`s trnybft`s mb    F
  n
  h
Gbidrnh`3 su jnkoion y j`rknfoöh (Bspnþn / Gubh`s Norbs), in bxpbmofoöh n   b
   i
   B
Unrnduny,, in bxpbmofoöh mbi H`rtb.
Unrnduny   n
   o
  v
   i
   o
Johnikbhtb, `tr` drup` sb pubmb `fupnr mb in fnrtbibrn mb ins kbtîj`rns    V

vosunibs, qub f`hsostb bh rbsukor f`h okîdbhbs p`tbhtbs, kbtnjörofns, ins

ombns y nffo`hbs mb Gbidrnh` s`grb pnës, bmufnfoöh, iogbrtnm, btf. Uubmbh
usnrsb sëkg`i`s f`hvbhfo`hnibs ` mbsnrr`iinr hubv`s. Unrn f`kprbhmbr bi
vosuni taohlohd 
vosuni  taohlohd  bh
 bh bmufnfoöh3 attp3//got.iy/65:4Z6x  y attp3//got.iy/65:4hm_ .
I` okp`rtnhtb mb t`mns bstns fnrtbibrns bs nftovnr bi trngnc` f`ing`rn- kgbidrnh` @L Bxostb uh pnës hubv` qub hbfbsotn bfanr sus juhmnkbht`s. Unrn
Unrn
tov`. Bi drup` mbsodhnm` ins ohofon, pbr` iubd` tobhb qub rbnioznr nffo`hbs sbr söiom`s y pbrknhbhtbs bs prbfos` qub sb f`kp`hdnh mb ins vortumbs k`rnibs
pnrn ohvotnr n suknr okîdbhbs ‖knrfns bh bi knpn, kbtîj`rns, j`t`drnjëns‖ n y s`fonibs. #bmufnfoöh #bsfubins #kucbrbsbmufnmns #iogbrtnm #pr`vohfonsuhomns
m`fbhtbs, jnkoions y bstumonhtbs mb t`mn in f`kuhomnm bmufntovn, pnrn qub #ohmbpbhmbhfon #vni`rbs Eknronh`k`rbh` Ecsnhknrtoh@L Eprokbrncuhtn
bi rbsuitnm` sbn supbrnm`r ni pr`muft` qub pubmb rbnioznr fnmn drup` p`r
Ecsnhknrtoh@L Bsns s`h ins pningrns qub hbfbsotnk`s
hbfbsotnk`s,, ¡grnv`, Knhubi!
su fubhtn. Vb pubmbh rbnioznr f`hv`fnt`rons p`r rbmbs s`fonibs ` gobh p`hbr
kbsns ni inm` mb ins fnrtbibrns f`h kntbronibs mb moguc` murnhtb bvbht`s Eknronh`k`rbh` ¡H`
Eknronh`k`rbh` ¡H` pubm` bstnr kîs mb nfubrm`!
bsf`inrbs, pnrn qub t`m`s f`kpibtbh bi trngnc`. Eprokbrncuhtn

>15:->154 >1>5 >1>6 >1>:

Unrtofopn bh ins Z`fni mb in Urokbrn Cuhtn. Morodb in gntniin Unrtofopn mb uhn sbsoöh
Ohvnso`hbs ohdibsns Bhvonm` p`r in Cuhtn n Unrnduny. mb Vnitn. mbi F`hdrbs` mb ]ufukîh.

N MRWNH]B BI ZOWWBOHN]@ WBZ@IRFOÖH B OHMBUBHMBHFON

5 >152 >1>2 >1=5

>1>5 >1>7 >1>= >175 >161

ubin mb Hîutofn Frbn y morodb bi pbroömof` Frbn in Bsfnrnpbin. Bhtrbdn bi Bcïrfot` mbi H`rtb n Kubrb bh Vb fbibgrn p`r
n mb Moguc`. F`rrb` mb F`kbrfo`. Bhnrg`in p`r C`sï mb Vnh Knrtëh. Gubh`s Norbs. prokbrn vbz bi
prokbrn vbz in Mën mb in Gnhmbrn
Gnhmbrn nrdbhtohn. >1>=->1>2 bi 75 mb cuho`.
Morodb bi Ïx`m` Bs pnrtb mb uhn kosoöh
Cucbþ` y in gntniin mopi`kîtofn bh Bur`pn.
mb ]ufukîh.
 FBIBGrBK@V N KNHRBI GBIDrNH@ BH INV NRINV
www.gofbhtbhnro`snhtoiinhn.f`k gusfnr...

• ]bxt`s
]bxt`s ohj`rkntov`s pnrn bi ng`rmncb mb in tbkîtofn. Ubroömof` `h-iohb  f`h
 f`h ohj`rknfoöh h`vbm`sn y nftunioznmn.
• Nftovomnmbs vnronmns rbinfo`hnmns f`h mostohtns îrbns
furrofuinrbs. www.gofbhtbhnro`snhtoiinhn.f`k
• Nprbhmozncb
Nprbhmozncb Gnsnm` bh Ur`ybft`s (NGU)3 trbs
pr`pubstns pnrn rbnioznr murnhtb bi nþ` bsf`inr.
• Wbfrbnfoöh
Wbfrbnfoöh mb in aost`ron kbmonhtb dïhbr`s iotbrnro`s
movbrs`s.
• Uohturns mb ïp`fn, j`t`drnjëns b oiustrnfo`hbs.

prbsbhtn sobtb iogr`s mb

iotbrnturn qub nfbrfnh n i`s faof`s,
nvbh -
n trnvïs mb i`s pbrs`hncbs y nvbh-
turns, bsfrot`s p`r i`s kbc`rbs nu-
t`rbs, nqubii`s sufbs`s qub, anfb
m`sfobht`s nþ`s, j`rknr`h pnrtb
mb in vomn mb Knhubi Gbidrnh` y mb
in frbnfoöh mb in Gnhmbrn mb hubs-
trn hnfoöh.

www.snhtoiinhn.f`k.nr EsnhtoiinhnPnrdbhtohn EVnhtoiinhnNWD

www.i`qubib`.f`k/nr/ Ei`qubib`nrdbhtohn EVnhtoiinhnNrdbhtohn
4 4?1742 7774=1
Ei`qubib`snhtoiinhnnr