UCSP Hand out
Grade 12
Anthropology- It is the systematic study of humans and their
societies in the past and present.
Sociology- It is the study of human social relationships and
institutions.
Political Science- It is a social science that deals with humans and
interactions.
Tabon man -It is one of the oldest skeletal remains in the
Philippines dating back 14,000 BC.
Theoretical perspective -A perspective is used to analyze and
explain objects of social study, and facilitate organizing
sociological knowledge.
Major theoretical perspective of sociology
 Symbolic interactionalist perspective
 Conflict perspective
 Functionalist perspective
The purpose of studying sociology is to understand how human
action and consciousness both shape and are shaped by
surrounding cultural and social structures.
Culture- It refers to the complex whole which encompasses
beliefs, practices, values, attitude, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols,
knowledge and everything that a person learns and shares as
member of society.
Society- It describes a group of people who share a common
territory and culture has a common rules and regulations.
Culture is dynamic- It is one of the characteristics of culture that
interact and change. Most societies interact with other societies,
and consequently, their cultures interact that lead to exchanges of
material and non-material components of culture.
Culture is symbolic- It is another characteristic of culture as it
based on the manipulation of symbols. It renders meaning to what
people do.
Concepts of culture, society and politics:
 They cannot be seen nor touch.
 They exist in the realm of ideas and thoughts.
 They influence the way we see and experience our lives
as social beings.
The sequence of biological evolution according to Charles Darwin
- Sahelanthropus, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Homo habilis,
Homo erectus, Homo sapiens.
Cultural relativism- It is the principle that an individual human’s
beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of
that individuals own culture.
Mommy and Daddy taught their one-year old daughter Cloud how
to play ABC song with the use of their Lenovo cell phone. Now,
Cloud can able to open the phone and sing the ABC song it shows
that culture is learned.
Ethnocentrism- It is the tendency to evaluate other cultures in
terms of one’s own race, nation or culture.
The genuine insight on which cultural relativism is based is that
many natural practices are cultural product.
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The best definition of ethnocentrism is when assuming that your
culture is better than all other culture.
Karen used to tease her newly transferred Mangyan classmate
because of his kinky hair and tanned skin is an example of
ethnocentrism.
Different societies have different moral codes is not accepted in
cultural relativism.
Symbols- It is an object, word, or action that stands for something
else, without natural relationship that is culturally defined.
Cultural practices- It is the manifestation of a culture or
subculture , especially concerning the traditional and customary
practices of a particular ethnic or other cultural group.
Cultural symbols- It is the manifestation that signifies ideology of
a particular culture that has meaning within that culture.
Social symbols- It is a type of symbols that relates to human
societies and its mode of organization.
Political symbols- It is a type of symbols that uses to represent a
political standpoint; seen in various media and forms such as
banners, flag, motto, etc.
Economic symbols- It is a type of symbols that uses in production,
distribution, and consumption of goods and services like currency,
market, labor, demands and other economic activities.
Pag mamano o mano- It is one of the best child rearing practices
of Filipinos.
Examples of political practices here in the Philippines.
 Celebrity Politicians
 Political Dynasties
 Palakasan system
Albularyo- consider as traditional medical practices of Filipinos.
Fertility dance in Obando, Bulacan, is an example of cultural
practices in the Philippines that help a couple to have a child is an
example of religious practices.
symbols and practices important in the society because it depicts
certain aspects of living, certain cultures and traditions of people.
Socialization- It is defined as a life-long process where individuals
learn the norms and beliefs of a society.
Family- it is an agent of socialization that considered as the basic
unit of society and the most influential social group in the child’s
life.
Peer group- It is one of the agents of socialization which refers to
the informal grouping of two or more members, more or less of the
same age, the neighborhood or school.
Church- It is one of the agents of socialization that provides
spiritual guidance, norms of conduct and rules of behavior.
School- It is another agent of socialization that let the children
socialize in several ways for them to become productive members
of the society.
Mass media- Television shows, movies, popular music,
magazines, websites are examples of this agent of socialization. It
informs, educates, and entertains that can affect an individual’s
behavior and attitudes, positively and negatively.

Culture- term refers to the shared practices, values, beliefs, norms

and artifacts of the society.

Statement pertaining to socialization:

 Socialization may happen in organizations that maintain

social control.
 Socialization happens when existing social roles are
changed.
 Learning new norms and values may occur later in life.

The following things is normally learned during the socialization

process:

 the roles we are to play in life.

 the culture’s norms
 the language of the people around us.

Socialization begin on entering nursery school or kindergarten.

Socialization is important in becoming a member of the society

because it helps us uphold societies and cultures. Thus, it is
consider as key part of individual development.

In Group- A social unit which individuals feel at home and with

which they identify. School’s team, common interests, hobbies, and
some concerns shared with.

Reference Group- It is the collection of people that we use as a

standard of comparison for ourselves regardless of whether we are
part of that group.

Circle of friends is an example of in group.

Teachers and advisers are examples of reference group.

Anna enjoys doing things with her family. Every Sunday, they go to
church and eat in their favorite fast-food restaurant after the
church service is an example of primary group.

Kim has just transferred in his new school. He meets new friends,
Leo and Mark. They like spending their free time in the library.
Soon they become good friends is an example of Secondary Group.

There are various social groups in our society because it is the

foundation of human society.

Prepared by:

MARICEL Q. BACOLOR
Subject Teacher