BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE FOR MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS

CONTROL
1
Mr. K. Krishna Reddy,2 P. Purushotham,3 S. Rihan,4 P. Gowtham,5 N. Madhav,6 K. Bhargav,7
K. Teja Kumar
1
Associate Professor& HOD, 234567 B.Tech Students
Department Of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Mother Theresa Institute Of Engineering &Technology Palamaner , Chittoor (Dist.)

ABSTRACT interfaces (BCIs) have made it feasible to

The connection between the brain
and technological equipment is mediated
through brain-computer interfaces (BCIs),
also known as mind-machine interfaces
(MMIs). Stroke and amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS) cause paralysis, making it
impossible for those affected to interact with
the outside world. Therefore, the BCI
system could help these people lead better
lives. The paper details the design and
execution of a brain-computer interface
(BCI) system that can be used to operate a
wheelchair, turn on lights and fans, send an
SOS text message, and more. The user may
steer the virtual wheelchair in four different
ways now: left, right, forward, and
backward. The wheelchair may also be
trained to traverse the user's home, and once
there, he or she can choose their destination
with a simple blink of the eye. The
Neurosky Mind wave headset was used to
accomplish the feat. The numerous tasks in
the system are executed using parameters
like as attention, meditation, and eye blink
values, all of which are generated by the
headset. You can toggle between the three
functions with a blink of your eye. The
headset records the user's brainwaves and
transmits them to a computer through
Bluetooth that is built into the headset. The
computer then processes the data and uses it
to control other devices, as specified in the
code.
I.INTRODUCTION
A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is
an innovative method of translating mental
processes into digital form. Brain-computer
connect mental processes directly to the
control of electronic machinery.
Disabled persons may increase their
capacities and live more independently with
the help of BCI technology. The goal of this
research is to improve the precision with
which persons with disabilities can operate
the appliance in question. This demonstrates
a novel architecture for thought-controlled
household gadgets and wheelchairs. Patients
with paralysis or other conditions that
restrict their mobility will benefit greatly
from this kind of system.
Existing system:
•The most popular method of
controlling home automation systems and
motorised wheelchairs is voice command.
•In a quiet setting, the system's accuracy is
low, but in an open one, it excels. But in
practise, Accuracy is extremely low.
• The voice system is obnoxious and useless.
Proposed system:
Using electroencephalogram signals
(EEG), the proposed method enables
persons who are physically impaired to
manage household appliances and wheel
chairs. Identifying and locating the user as
well as determining the viewing angle of the
user is required for home automation and
wheel chairs respectively. The strategy that
has been offered is broken down into four
primary elements, which are detailed down
below.
• Image capture and feature extraction
• Determining the viewing angle of the user
• Obtaining and analysing the EEG signal
• Controlling the device
Advantage:
• Allow individuals who are paralysed to
manage their prosthetic limbs with their
natural limbs
• Transmit auditory data to the mind of a
person who is deaf
• Enable people to control their home
automation and wheel chairs with their
minds.
II.LITERATURE SURVEY
An electroencephalogram,
sometimes known as an EEG, is a non-
invasive diagnostic procedure that may
capture the electrical patterns produced by
the human brain. Brain waves are patterns of
electrical impulses that are created by the
many cells in the human brain. These
patterns may be detected using an
electroencephalograph (EEG). In order to
read a person's electroencephalogram
(EEG), electrodes are placed on their heads
in order to monitor their brain waves. The
raw brain waves are eventually processed by
the EEG equipment, and the results are
recorded as a wave pattern on the computer
or as a graph. Table 1 is a tabular
representation of the five distinct kinds of
brain waves.
Table 1: Types of Brain Waves
The Neurosky headset is a piece of
equipment that is worn on the head of a
subject in order to process the electrical
brain waves (EEG) that are being produced
by the subject's brain. It takes the EEG
signals and translates them into a set of
numbers that it calls the e-sense values, and
these values range from 0 to 100 on a scale.
Beta waves are processed in a way that
results in attention e-sense values being
created. The amplitude of the attention e-
sense values may be enhanced by raising the
focus of the individual on whom the
Neurosky headset device is placed. This can
be done by increasing the amount of time
the device is worn. The attention e-sense
rating will increase proportionately with the
degree of focus present. The processing of
alpha waves results in the production of e-
sense values during meditation. When a
person's mind is calm and in a meditative
state, the values of meditation e-sense rise to
match the condition of the mind. The
potential that is created when the eyes blink
may be detected by the sensor of the
Neurosky headset that is put on the
forehead. Changing the intensity with which
a person being tested blinks their eyes may
cause a change in the value of the potential
that has been produced. The more forcefully
the eye blinks, the more potential will be
created. This newly created potential is
processed by the headset, which then
transmits data to the computer in the form of
eye blink strengths on a scale ranging from 0
to 200. The article "The Construction of an
Electric Wheelchair and the Development of
a BCI System to Control This Electric
Wheelchair Using the Human Brain" [1]
details the building of an electric wheelchair
as well as the creation of a BCI system
(Brain-Computer Interface) to control this
electric wheelchair using the human brain.
Processing the user's brain activity and the
frequency of eye blinks allows a portable
EEG headset, microcontroller unit, and
firmware signal processing to work together
to make it easier for the user to operate the
wheelchair. In order to get EEG readings
from the subject's head, a Neurosky Mind
wave headset is used. The ARM
microcontroller on the Freescale board
FRDM KL-25Z is responsible for
processing the signal that is acquired from
the EEG sensor. The microcontroller is
responsible for making decisions on the
direction in which the wheelchair will move
based on the readings from the floor
detection and object avoidance sensors that
are located on the footplate of the
wheelchair. The MCU has a colour LCD
that is interfaced to it, and that LCD displays
information in real time. Joystick control of
the wheelchair is also supplied as an extra
interface option that may be selected from
the project's menu system. This option can
be found under the "Control" heading. In
the EEG-based stress buster [2,] responses
are programmed in order to alleviate the
stress that is determined to be present in a
patient based on their EEG signals.
LABVIEW's Virtual Instrumentation tool is
what's utilised to determine whether or not
the patient is experiencing mental stress.
Using a GSM module that is controlled by
an Arduino Uno microcontroller, a third
party is also notified when there is an update
regarding the condition of the patient. The
multiple joints of the robot arm [3] that was
suggested by D. Bright et al. are actuated in
response to the user's EEG signals in order
to control it. The outputs of the Neurosky
headset, which primarily consist of attention
e-sense values ranging from 0 to 100,
meditation e-sense values ranging from 0 to
100, and eye blink values, are employed in
this context. A significant amount of
training time is necessary in order to provide
the user the ability to operate the arm with
greater ease and accuracy. An innovative
application of a real-time wireless embedded
EEG-based brain computer interface (BCI)
system has been created for the purpose of
detecting tiredness while driving [5] in order
to prevent potentially dangerous accidents.
An algorithm for the identification of
sleepiness in real time has been developed
and implemented in an integrated signal
processing module for the purposes of this
paper. As a result, a real-time wireless BCI
that may be used for detecting tiredness has
been presented. Eye-gaze tracking was used
in the development of a system that uses a
hybrid brain-computer interface [6]. The
system makes use of an
electroencephalogram (EEG) headset
together with an eye gaze tracker (EGT) that
was designed specifically for it in order to
arrive at a conclusion about the purpose of
the person and monitor his eye movements.
The method that is being suggested gives
people the ability to focus their attention on
a specific electronic device just by staring at
it, and then to activate that device simply by
doing so.
From the research presented above, one may
draw the conclusion that the BCI systems
have been used in the development of a
variety of applications. On the other hand,
there is not a lot of work that has been done
to handle many apps with a single BCI
system. The next portion of this paper will
discuss the work that we have done to
integrate numerous applications utilising a
single BCI system. These applications
include turning on a fan and a tube light,
sending an emergency SMS message, and
operating a wheelchair.
There are several applications that may be
categorised as catering to home automation
for a patient who is paralysed from the neck
down. One such patient is an individual who
has had a stroke. Patients with this condition
are only able to exert control over the
thoughts that go through their heads and the
amount that their eyelids blink. This article's
suggested BCI system takes use of this
characteristic of the patients being studied in
order to design a BCI system that enables a
patient to operate his or her wheelchair, turn
on a light or a fan, send an emergency text
message to a previously stored contact, and
more. In the brain computer interface that
we have designed, the patient would be able
to select which of the three applications to
use by blinking his or her eyes, and then the
patient would use a combination of
attention, meditation, and blink values to
control the various applications.
Signal acquisition
 In the BCIs discussed here, the input is
EEG recorded from the scalp or the surface of
the brain or neuronal activity recorded within the
brain. Thus, in addition to the fundamental
distinction between dependent and independent
BCIs (Section 2.1 above), electrophysiological
BCIs can be categorized by whether they use
non-invasive (e.g. EEG) or invasive (e.g.
intracortical) methodology. They can also be
categorized by whether they use evoked or
spontaneous inputs. Evoked inputs (e.g. EEG
produced by flashing letters) result from
stereotyped sensory stimulation provided by the
BCI. Spontaneous inputs (e.g. EEG rhythms
over sensorimotor cortex) do not depend for
their generation on such stimulation. There is,
presumably, no reason why a BCI could not
combine non-invasive and invasive methods or
evoked and spontaneous inputs. In the signal-
acquisition part of BCI operation, the chosen
input is acquired by the recording electrodes,
amplified, and digitized.
Fig. 1. Basic design and operation of any BCI
system. Signals from the brain are acquired by
electrodes on the scalp or in the head and
processed to extract specific signal features.
Fig. 2. Present-day human BCI system types.
(Modified from Ku¨bler et al. (2001).) A–C are
non-invasive methods, D is invasive. (A) SCP
BCI. Scalp EEG is recorded from the vertex
III.CONCLUSION
In conclusion, BCI-based multi-
purpose monitoring systems provide
interesting opportunities for a diverse array
of application areas. BCI technology has the
potential to revolutionise a variety of areas
and enhance the lives of humans by
harnessing the power of the human brain.
This promise may be realised with
continuing study and development of the
technology. It is expected that further
developments in BCI technology, together
with careful evaluation of the ethical and
societal consequences of such innovations,
will pave the way for a future in which BCI-
based multi-purpose monitoring systems
play a significant role in boosting human
capacities and altering a variety of sectors.
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