1999-CE-BIO-I _MARKING SCHEME

1.(a) (i) Cell C contains a diploid set of chromosomes................................................................1+

because its nucleus / chromosomes comes from cell A....................................................1
which is a body / diploid cell ...........................................................................................1

(ii) Because the cytoplasm of cell D is formed by repeated divisions...................................1

of the cytoplasm of cell C / without cell enlargement .....................................................1

(iii) Sheep X..........................................................................................................................1+

Because the body characteristics of Dolly is determined by its genetic material,
................................................................................................................1
which is derived from and identical to that in the body cell of sheep X..........................1

(iv) No...................................................................................................................................1+
because the process does not involve the fertilization of gametes....................................1
Total: 10 marks

1.(b) (i) During the fitness test, the heart beats rapidly to supply more blood to the skeletal
muscle ...................................................................................................................1
This provides an abundant supply of food and oxygen to the muscles ...........................1
so that a large amount of energy can be released in respiration ......................................1
for the vigorous contraction of the skeletal muscles.........................................................1
at the same time, more blood supply to the muscles also helps to remove rapidly the
carbon dioxide / heat produced by the muscles ....................................................1
Effective communication (C) 1

(ii) Peter’s heart......................................................................................................................1

Because the energy demand of Peter and David was the same for the fitness test
........................................................................................................................1
and Peter’s heart could supply the same amount of blood / oxygen to the skeletal
muscle....................................................................................................................1
at a lower heart rate ..........................................................................................................1

(iii) (1) glucose →lactic acid ..................................................................................................1

(2) To provide additional energy to the skeletal muscle cells ..........................................1

so that the skeletal muscle can contract more vigorously...........................................1
Total: 12+1marks

1999-CE-BIO-I _MARKING SCHEME 1

1999-CE-BIO-I _MARKING SCHEME

1.(c) (i) Gelatin in jelly solution B was digested / disappeared / lost its effect..............................1
due to the presence of fresh pineapple juice.....................................................................1

(ii) Gelatin was present in solution C, but not in solution B..................................................1

This suggests that the pineapple juice contains protease / enzyme that digests protein or
gelatin ...................................................................................................................1
The enzyme is denatured / inactivated at high temperature .............................................1
Effective communication (C) 1
(accept alternative answers suggesting that pineapple juice contains a heat-sensitive
substance that acts on gelatin)

(iii) Beef contains protein .......................................................................................................1

which is digested by the protease in the pineapple juice .................................................1
Allowing the beef and pineapple mixture to stand for half an hour will give enough time
for the enzyme to work..................................................................................1
Total: 8+1 marks

2.(a) (i) (1) mass decreases by 2.4 g...............................................................................................1

(2) mass decreases by 0.6 g ..............................................................................................1

Deduct 1 mark once if no unit is given

(ii) To study the effect of direct illumination on the lower or upper epidermis
.............................................................................................................................1
on the rate of transpiration of the leaf ..............................................................................1 Any one set
OR
To compare the rate of transpiration of the leaf................................................................1
when the lower epidermis is illuminated by the spotlight with that when the upper
epidermis is illuminated ....................................................................................1

(iii) The decrease in mass in treatment I is greater than that in treatment II...........................1
thus indicating that the transpiration rate in treatment I is higher ...................................1

Due to direct illumination by the spotlight, the temperature of the lower epidermis in
treatment I is higher than that in treatment II ....................................................1
This leads to faster evaporation of water .........................................................................1
Water vapour diffuses out more rapidly through the stomata...........................................1
Thus the transpiration rate is higher in treatment I. Any one set
OR
Due to direct illumination by the spotlight, stomata of the lower epidermis open more
widely in treatment I than in treatment II...........................................................1
The surface area for the diffusion of water vapour is greater ..........................................1
so that diffusion of water vapour becomes faster ............................................................1
Thus the transpiration rate is higher in treatment I.

(iv) Peel off the upper and lower epidermis ...........................................................................1

and observe under the microscope whether stomata are only present on lower epidermis
1999-CE-BIO-I _MARKING SCHEME Any one
2 set
1999-CE-BIO-I _MARKING SCHEME
...........................................................................................................1
OR
Immerse the leaf in hot water ...........................................................................................1
and observe whether bubbles are released from the lower epidermis only .....................1
Total: 11 marks

2.(b) (i) Bile produced in the liver cannot be stored in A..............................................................1

When food enters the duodenum, insufficient amount of bile is released........................1
for emulsifying fats in the food.........................................................................................1
Thus the surface area for the action of lipase decreases ..................................................1
Effective communication (C) 1

(ii) When part of structure D is removed, digestion and absorption of food is reduced.........1
Energy intake becomes less than the energy expenditure in the body .............................1
This may lead to the use / mobilization of fat / food reserves stored in the body ...........1

(iii) (1) *insulin .......................................................................................................................1

(2) It cannot regulate the blood glucose level ..................................................................1

as blood glucose would not be converted into glycogen in the cells of B..................1
Total: 10+1 marks

2. (c) (i) On Day 1, the air temperature was higher than the body temperature ............................1
Heat from the body could not be lost to the environment by conduction, convection, and
radiation .........................................................................................................1
However, he could lose heat through the evaporation of sweat........................................1
which absorbs heat from the body surface........................................................................1
Effective communication (C) 1

(ii) Vigorous exercise would lead to the generation of large amount of heat in the body......1
As sweat could not evaporate efficiently at the higher relative humidity on Day 2.........1
less heat was lost from the body through sweating ..........................................................1
As a result, the body temperature would rise steadily .....................................................1
and this would lead to the breaking down of normal metabolism / enzymatic action .....1
Total: 9+1 marks

3.(a) (i) Dry mass of the algae is the mass of the algae in which all the water has been
removed...............................................................................................................1

(ii) The dry mass of the algae at hour 24 was greater than that at hour 0...............................1
because the algae have carried out photosynthesis in the 24 hours .................................1
to make carbohydrates / organic compounds ...................................................................1
And the rate of photosynthesis is greater than the rate of respiration of the algae...........1
Effective communication (C) 1

(iii) (1) The algae grow faster when they are supplied with exhaust gas ...............................1

(2) The exhaust gas is rich in carbon dioxide ..................................................................1

so that the algae can carry out photosynthesis at a higher rate ..................................1

(iv) The carbon dioxide output to air is reduced .....................................................................1

1999-CE-BIO-I _MARKING SCHEME 3

1999-CE-BIO-I _MARKING SCHEME
leading to a decrease in the greenhouse effect which is caused by carbon dioxide .........1
Thus it helps to slow down / prevent global warming .....................................................1
Total: 11+1 marks

3.(b) (i) 12.......................................................................................................................................1

(ii) (1) 10-5 ppm, 10-4 ppm, 10-3 ppm .......................................................................................1

(2) 10-2 ppm, 10-1 ppm .......................................................................................................1
Deduct 1 mark once if no unit is given

(iii) (1) Because cells in region A are capable of rapid growth while cells in region B are
not......................................................................................................................1

Any one set

(2) Mark the whole length of the root with lines at regular intervals ..............................1
After a few days, compare the distance between the markings .................................1
The markings on region A would be further apart......................................................1
Any one set
OR
Repeat the experiment ................................................................................................1
using sections from regions B.....................................................................................1
These sections would show little elongation .............................................................1

(iv) The root would bend towards the side with auxins ..........................................................1
This is because the auxin concentration on this side is about 10-2 ppm whereas on the
other side is about 0 ppm ....................................................................................1
Thus the growth of root on this side is inhibited while the other side is not ...................1
Effective communication (C) 1
Total: 10+1 marks

3. (c) (i) The muscular wall of the uterus contracts .......................................................................1

rhythmically and powerfully ............................................................................................1
to push the baby out of the uterus ....................................................................................1

(ii) Period X ...........................................................................................................................1

Ovulation occurred around period X................................................................................1
thus fertilization might occur after sexual intercourse .....................................................1
Besides, around this period, the uterine lining is ready for the implantation of the
embryo ..............................................................................................................1

(iii) The day of ovulation may vary from cycle to cycle ........................................................1
The duration of the menstrual cycle of a woman may vary ............................................1
Total: 9 marks

4.(a) (i) (1) A and B ...............................................................................................................1 or 0

(2) A is the * semi-circular canals ...................................................................................1
It serves to detect the direction of head movement ...................................................1
B is the *cochlea ........................................................................................................1
It serves to detect sound vibrations............................................................................1

(ii) On reaching the 50th floor, the air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum become
1999-CE-BIO-I _MARKING SCHEME 4
1999-CE-BIO-I _MARKING SCHEME
unequal ...............................................................................................................1
The eardrum was pressed outwards..................................................................................1
Thus it could not vibrate freely in response to sound vibrations .....................................1

(iii) Pathogens / germs in the throat ........................................................................................1

have spread along the Eustachian tube to the middle ear ................................................1
Total: 10 marks

4.(b) (i) The mealworms take in oxygen during respiration ..........................................................1

Any carbon dioxide produced by the mealworm is absorbed by the soda lime ..............1
This leads to a drop in air pressure inside the syringe .....................................................1
And the water droplet will be drawn downwards
Thus the rate of movement of the water droplet indicates the rate of respiration ...........1
Effective communication (C) 1

(ii) (1) The rate of respiration of mealworms increases with an increase in temperature .....1
from 20 ℃ to 50 ℃ ......................................................................................................1

(2) With an increase in the external temperature, the body temperature of mealworms
rises ...................................................................................................................1
Thus the enzymatic activity of the worms increases ...............................................1
This leads to an increase in the metabolic rate / body activities / energy demand ..1
thus the respiration rate of the mealworms rises

(iii) To allow time for the air temperature inside the syringe to become equal to the
temperature of the water bath ...........................................................................1
and the respiratory rate of the mealworms to become adjusted to the new temperature .1
Total: 11+1 marks

4. (c) (i) During the daytime, the rate of photosynthesis of the algae exceeds that of respiration .1
Thus the fish can have sufficient oxygen for respiration .................................................1
At night, the large population of algae undergo respiration only ....................................1
The dissolved oxygen content in seawater is greatly reduced .........................................1
Thus the fish die of suffocation ........................................................................................1
Effective communication (C) 1

(ii) A large marine fish eats many small fish, which in turn eat a large quantity of
microscopic algae .............................................................................................1
Since the toxins cannot be broken down or excreted by the fish .....................................1
The toxins of the microscopic algae are passed along the food chain to the large fish ...1
and accumulate to a higher concentration in the tissue of large fish ...............................1
Total: 9+1 marks

1999-CE-BIO-I _MARKING SCHEME 5