^ H C V N H VAN UT - HUYNH NHIEN DO QUYEN

PHAM TH! TUfai - PHAM THj HONG THAIVI

Giai thifdng Sach hay Viet Nam

GV. Boi dif&ng hoc sinh gidi

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DI/ONG

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HOA HOC
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. .....r. _ - _ _ B

NHA XUAT BAN DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI

 NH^ X U ^ T B f I N Dfil HOC QUOC G i a H f i NQI
16 H a n g Chuoi - H a i Ba TrtCng - H a N o i
B i e n t h o a i : B i e n t a p - Che ban: (04) 39714896
H a n h c h i n h : (04) 39714899: T o n g B i e n t a p : (04) 39714897
Fax: (04) 39714899
&i noi ddu
N h a m g i u p cac e m h o c s i n h c6 t h e m W l i e u d e t i e p
c a n , n a m v i l n g h e t h o n g k i e n thufc cof b a n , n a n g cao v a r e n
l u y e n k i n a n g g i a i b a i t a p t h e o y e n c a u d o i mdfi. C h u n g t o i
x i n t r a n t r g n g g i d i t h i e u d e n cac e m h o c s i n h v a cac b a n

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d o n g n g h i e p bo s a c h " B O I Dl/OfNG H O A H O C 1 2 "

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Chiu trdch nhi^m xuat ban: N o i d u n g s a c h " B O I DTJCfNG H O A H O C 1 2 " difc/c b i e n

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Gidm doc - Tong bien tap: TS. P H A M T H I T R A M

Da
s o a n b a m sat chiicfng t r i n h s a c h g i a o k h o a h i e n h a n h v a

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t h e o t i i n g chvfdng ijfng v d i t i i n g chu:dng t r o n g s a c h g i a o k h o a .

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T r o n g m o i c h i f d n g difgfc t r i n h b a y g o m 3 p h a n c h l n h :

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A . K I E N T H L / C C A N NHOf

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B. B A I T A P A P D U N G
Bien tap: QUOC THANG

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C . B A I T A P N A N G C A O ( C O lofi giai)

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Sufa b a i : N H A SACH SAO MAI
Cac b a i t a p a p dung v a n a n g cao difcfc g i a i c h i t i e t , I d i

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Che ban: TlJCfNG V Y g i d i p h u h d p v d i m o i do'i t i f d n g h o c s i n h , n h a m g i u p cac e m

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hoc s i n h l a m q u e n v a k h a c s a u k i e n thiJc t h o n g q u a cac b a i
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Trinh bay bia: TUCfNG LINK om
t o a n v a phufdng p h a p g i a i t i f n g b a i t o a n .
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Q u y e n sach l a t i i l i e u g i i i p cac e m h o c s i n h I d p 12 n a n g
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Doi tdc lien ket xudt ban: cao n a n g l\ic t\i h o c d n h a c u n g nhu! r e n l u y e n d e t h a m g i a
ce

NHA SACH SAOMAI vao cac d o i t u y e n h o c s i n h g i o i cac c a p . V a l a t a i l i e u t h a m

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k h a o cho cac g i a o v i e n t h a m g i a g i a n g d a y d cac tru:dng p h o

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thong v a giao v i e n t h a m gia b o i ditdng hoc sinh gioi.

SACH LIEN K E T
Mac d u d a co' g a n g t r o n g q u a t r i n h b i e n s o a n song
I DLfOtNG H O A HOC 1 2
so: 1 L - 3 2 3 D H 2 0 1 2 k h o n g t h e t r a n h k h o i nhGng t h i e u sot n g o a i y m u o n . T a c

2000 cuon, kho 16 X 24cm. T ^ i CTy T N H H M T V i n diicyng sat Sai Gon.
I chi: 1 3 6 / l A T R A N P H U , P.4, Q.5, T P . H C M
xuat b a n : 1446-2012/CXB/07-231/DHQGHN
^et d i n h xuat b a n so: 3 2 8 L K - T N / Q D - N X B DHQGHN
song va nop lu^u chieu quy I n a m 2013.
g i a i x i n c h a n t h a n h c a m d n cac y k i e n d o n g g o p , x a y d i i n g
tijf p h i a b a n d o c d e I a n t a i b a n s a u c u o n s a c h cd c h a t l i i d n g
tot hdn.
Tdc gid
 CHl/dNG I .

ESTE - LIPIT

A. KIEN THLfC C A N N H 6
I. ESTE.

1. Cong thijtc chung cua mot so este

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- Este tgo hdi R-COOH vdi R'OH: R-COO-R'

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Neu R va R' no thi este la CnHznOz (n >2)

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-, Este tg o bdi R-COOH vdi R '(OH),,: (RCOO)„R'.

Da
- Este tgo bdi R(COOH),„ vdi R'OH: R(COOR')^.

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- Este tgo bdi R(COOH)n, vdi R'iOH),,: Rn(COO)„„,R'„,

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2. Ten ggi

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Ten niia he thong cua este diigc ggi nhii sau: 'i '

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Ten este = Ten goc hidrocacbon cua ancol

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+ ten goc axit (doi duoi ic at)

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Vi du: CH3COOC2H5 : etyl axetat

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CHz^^CH-COO-CHj : metyl acrylat

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CH3-OCO-[CH2]4-COO-CH3 : dimetyl adipat

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C17H35COO—CH2

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C17H35COO—CH : glixerol tristearat
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C17H35COO—CH2
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3. Tinh chat vat li.

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- Cdc este thiidng it tan trong niidc, nhe hdn niidc, di bay hdi.
fa

- Co mill thdm dgc triing.

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4. Tinh chat hoa hoc

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a) Phan ihig thuy phan *

- Trong dung dich axit: •

RCOOR' + HOH :^i===±RCOOH + R'OH

Phan ling theo chieu tii trdi sang phdi la phdn ling thuy phdn este,
phdn ling theo chieu tiiphdi sang trdi Id phdn ijtng este hoa. Phdn ving
thuy phdn este trong dung dich axit la phdn ling thugn nghich.
- Trong dung dich baza: dun ndng este trong dung dich natri hidroxit,
phdn ling tgo muoi cua axit cacboxylic vd ancol. Phdn ling nay la
phdn ling mot chieu vd con diiOc ggi phdn ting xd phdng hoa.
Bdi DI/ONG H(3A HCIC12 5
 b) Este cua phenol
RCOOR' + NaOH > RCOONa + R'OH
Tif halogenua axit va phenolat:
CH3COOC2HS + NaOH —> CHjCOONa + CzHsOH RCOCl + NaOCoHs > RCOOCeH^ + NaCl
Tuy nhien, mot so triidng hap ngoai muoi cua axit cacboxylic khong - Tir anhidrit axit vd phenol:
tgo ra ancol ma tgo thanh andehit, xeton, muoi cua phenol, hogc chi
(CH3CO)20 + HOCeHs > CHsCOOCgHs + CH3COOH
tgo thanh mot sdn phdm duy nhdt.
11. LIPIT.
CH,COOCH=CH2 + NaOH —> CHjCOONa + CH,-CH=0 1. Khdi niem va cd'u tgo
- Chat beo (nguon goc dong vat, thitc vat] la este cua glixerol vdi axit
CHsCOOCiCHshCH^ + NaOH —> CHjCOONa + (CHjJzC =0

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beo (axit hHu ca mot idn axit mgch thdng, khdi liigng phdn tit Idn).

01
Cdc chat beo nay diigc goi chung Id triglixerit.

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C H 3 C O O — y + 2NaOH —> CHsCOONa + ^ ^^ONa
Cong thdc tong qudt cua chat beo: CH2—OCOR1

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ONa

Da
CH—OCOR2
.0
+ NaOH > C

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CH2—OCOR3
^OH

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Trong do: Ru R2, Rj cd the gio'ng nhau hogc khdc nhau.

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b) Phdn thig khvT +) Mot so' axit beo thitdng gap:

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R-COO-R' —> R-CH2OH + R'OH Axit panmitic : C15H31COOH Axit stearic : C^HssCOOH

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Axit oleic : CiyH33COOH Axit linoleic : CMiCOOH
c) Phan ihig cgng d goc hidrocacbon: Phdn ling cgng vd trtmg hap

Ta
+] Thitdng gap cdc triglixerit pha tgp (R^ ^ R^ ^R^)
khi goc R chiia lien ket n.

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- Trong chat beo, ngoai este cua glixerol vdi axit beo con cd mot

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COOCH3 COOCH3 liigng nhd axit d dgng tiJ do diigc dgc tritng hdi chi so axit.

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CH,—C - Chi so axit cua mot chat beo la so miligam KOH can thiet de trung

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n H2C=:C -^-^"-P )
hda axit tit do cd trong 1 gam chat bdo.
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CH,
Vi du: Mot chat beo cd chi so axit bd-ng 9. Nghia la de trung hda
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1 gam chat beo can 9 mg KOH.

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CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3 + H2 ——> CHs-CHiCHaJCOOCHs ' - Chi so este cua mot chat beo la so miligam KOH can thiet de thuy
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d) Phdn iftig dot chay: Dot chdy este no dofn chv^c: phdn hoan toan litgng este cd trong 1 gam chat beo.
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- Chi so xd phong hda cua mot chat beo Id so' miligam KOH can thiet
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CnH2n02 + ( ^ ^ ^ ) O2 > /jCO^ + / i H ^ O

2 de trung hda axit tii do vd thuy phdn hoan todn litgng este cd trong
w.

Chu y: Ngoai cdc phdn ring tren, rieng este cua axit fomic, con c6 1 gam chat beo.
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phdn iJtng trdng giiang giong nhii andehit. 2 . Tinh chat hda hoc
a) Phdn vtng thuy phdn
5. Dieu che
- Trong mdi trifdng nitdc hogc axit:
a) Este cua ancol
Chat beo khong bi thuy phdn bdi nitdc, khi cd xuc tdc axit hogc enzim
- Thiic hien phdn ling este hda:
chat beo bi thuy phdn thugn nghich cho glixerol vd axit beo:
RCOOH + R'OH < "^^"^'^ z> RCOOR' + HOH CH2—OCOR1 CH2-OH R1COOH
- W muoi vd ddn xudt halogen cua hidrocacbon CH—OCOR2 + 3H2O < ^ CH-OH + R2COOH

RCOOAg + R'Cl > RCOOR' + AgCU CH2—OCOR3 CH2-OH R3COOH

BO'I oadNG HdA HOC 1 2 B(5i DI/SNG HOA HQC 12 7
 - Trong moi triidng kiem (phan ling xa phdng hoa) pMn itng thuy 5- E^ot chdy ho^n toan 7,4 gam este X dcfn chufc t h u di/ac 6,72 l i t k h i
phan xay ra hoan toan:
CO2 (dktc) va 5,4 gam nU6c.
CH2—OCOR1 CH2-OH RiCOONa a) Xdc dinh cong thufc phan tuf cua X.
C H — O C O R 2 + 3H2O < = = = ^ = = ± CH-OH + R2C00Na b) Dun 7,4 gam X trong dung dich NaOH vCfa du den k h i phan ufng
ho^n toan thu diicrc 3,2 gam ancol va mot lugng muoi Z. Viet cong thufc
CH2—OCOR3 CH2-OH RgCOONa
cau tao cua X vd t i n h k h o i lufcfng cua Z.
triglixerit ghxerol xd phdng
Bai 6. Dot chay hoan toan 1,76 gam mot este X t h u diTOc 3,52 gam CO2 va
b) Phan vtng cong hidro: Bien glixerit chifa no thanh glixerit no
1,44 gam H2O. Xdc dinh cong thufc phan tijf cua X?
(CM^COOJ^CsH, + 3H2 '° > (C.yHssCOOhCsHs Bai 7. E la este ciia mot axit don chufc va ancol don chufc. De thuy phan

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chat long chat ran
hoan toan 6,6 gam chat E phai dung 34,1 m l dung dich NaOH 10%

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[ I I . XA P H O N G vA CHAT G I A T R L T A T O N G HOfP
(d = 1,1 g/ml). Lirgng NaOH nay dung di/ 25% so vdri lufong NaOH phan

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1. Xa phdng la hdn hap cac muoi Na hoac muoi cua axit beo va mot
iJng. Hay de xuat cong thufc cau tao dung cua E?
so chat phu gia.

Da
Bai 8. De xa phong hoa 17,4 gam mot este no don chufc c^n dung 300ml

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2. De san xuat xa phdng ngifdri ta c6 the:
dung dich NaOH 0,5M. T i m cong thufc phan tuf cua este dem dung.

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- Dun nong chat beo vdi dung dich kiem.
Bai 9. 0,05 mol este E phan ufng vi/a du 100 gam dung dich NaOH 6%, ta

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- Oxi hoa ankan (parafin) cua ddu mo nhd oxi khong khi, d nhiet do thu difcfc 10,2 gam muoi va 4,6 gam rxiau. Biet rufou hoac axit tao

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cao CO muoi mangan xiic tdc roi trung hoa axit bhng NaOH hoQc KOH.
t h a n h E don chufc. Hay xac dinh cong thufc cau tao cua E.

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3. Chat giqt rvta tong hap la nhffng chat khong phdi Id muoi Na hoac
Bai 10. K h i thiic hien phan ufng este h6a 1 mol C H 3 C O O H va 1 mol
K cua axit beo nhiing c6 tinh nang gigt riia nhiixd phdng.

Ta
2

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4. Chat gidt rtia tong hap difcfc sdn xuat ti( cdc sdn phdm cua dau mo. C2H5OH, Itfong este t h u dufoc lorn nhat la - mol. De dat hieu suat CLTC

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5. Xd phdng hi gidm tdc dung gigt rita trong niidc cvtng con chat gidt tj
tdy riia tong hap khong bi gidm tdc dung gigt rifa.

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dai la 90% ( t i n h theo axit) k h i t i e n hdnh este hoa 1 mol CH3-COOH
6. Xd phdng cd liu diem Id khong 1dm hgi da, it gay 6 nhiSm moi t h i can so mol C2H5OH la bao nhieu? (biet cac phan ufng este hoa thiTc
triidng. Chat gigt riia tong hap gay hgi da do trong do cd chat tdy
/g hien d cung nhiet do).
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trdng, gay 6 nhiem moi triidng. Bai 11. T r o n 1 mol axit axetic vdi 1 mol rUgu etylic. K h i s6' mol cac chat
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BAI TAP AP DUNG trong hon hop khong thay ddi nufa, nhan thay lUOng este t h u dUOc \k
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- mol. T i n h h k n g so can bkng (K).

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lai 1. Ho^n t h ^ n h cdc phiicfng t r i n h phan ufng theo scf do sau: 3

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Bai 12. T h u y p h a n hoan todn 444 gam m6t l i p i t t h u difoc 46 gam

CH4 )A — ^ B —i51_>C — > E + B
fa

glixerol (glixerin) va hai loai axit beo. Xdc d i n h cong thufc cua hai
lai 2. Viet phifcfng t r i n h phan ufng thifc hien day bien hda sau (viet cdc
w.

loai axit beo do.

chat d\i6i dang cong thufc cau tao):
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Bai 13. Hay viet phi^ong t r i n h phan ufng cua chat beo c6 cong thufc phan
C5H10O ^ CsHioBr^O ^ CsHsBra ^ C5H12O3
tuf nhtf sau:
^WCnHisOe CsHsOsNa CH4 CH2-OCO-(CH2X4CH3
Biet C 5 H 1 0 O la mot ancol bac ba. C H - OCO - ( C H 2 - CH = C H ( C H 2 ) , C H 3
ai 3. Viet cong thufc cau tao cac dong phan dcfn chufc, mach hor c6 the c6
CH2 - OCO - ( C H 2 \H = CH - C H 2 - C H - C H ( C H 2 )^ C H 3
cua C4H6O2.

ai 4. Viet cong thufc cau tao cdc chat c6 ten sau day: a) Vdri dung dich K O H d nhiet do cao.
a) Isopropyl axetat b) Alylmetacrylat b) Vdri I2 C O dU.
c) Phenyl axetat d) sec-Butyl fomiat c) Vdri H2 du, c6 N i xiic tdc, d nhiet do vd dp suat cao.
BO'I DI/ONG HdA HQC 12 Bfii DUONG H6A HOC 12 . ^
 tiii 14. K h i thiiy ph4n a g a m m6t este X thu dUcfc 0,92 gam glixerol, 3,02 gam^
m u o i l i n o l e a t C i T H s i C O O N a vk m gam n a t r i o l e a t CnHaaCOONa. Tinh (4)H2C—CH—C—CH3 + 3CH3COOH -> C H 3 C O O - C H + 3H2O
gia t r i cua a, m. V i e t c o n g thijfc cau tao c6 the c6 ciia X.
OH OH OH CH3COO—C(CH3)2
B a i 15. a ) De t r u n g h5a liicfng axit beo tif do c6 trong 14 gam mot mSu
chat beo can 15ml dung dich K O H 0,1M. Hay cho biet chi so' axit cua CH3COO—CH2
mau chat beo t r e n .
(5) C H 3 C O O - C H + 3NaOH ^ H 2 C — C H — C - C H 3 + 3CH3COONa
b) T i n h kho'i lacfng NaOH can t h i e t de trung h6a 10 gam m p t chfi't b6o • OH OH OH
CH3COO-C(CH3)2
c6 c h i so' axit 1^ 5,6.
B a i 16. H a y t i n h chi so xk phong h6a cua m 6 t chS't b6o, b i e t rkng k h i

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C a O , t°
(6) CH3COONa + N a O H - > C H 4 + NaaCOg

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x^ ph6ng hoa hoan t o a n 1,5 gam ch§.'t b^o d6 can 50 m l dung d i c h
B a i 3. C 4 H 6 O 2 c6 A = 2 v a h a i n g u y e n tuf o x i .

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K O H 0,1M.
=> d o n g p h a n e s t e dcfn chuTc, k h o n g n o c6 m o t n o i d o i d gdc dong

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B a i 17. Hay t i n h khoi lucfng NaOH can de trung hoa axit tii do c6 trong
p h a n a x i t c a c b o x y l i c dcfn chufc k h o n g n o m o t n d i d o i d g d c .

Da
5 gam chat beo v6i chi so axit bang 7.
- DSng phdn este: HC00CH=CH-CH3 ; HCOOCH2-CH=CH2

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B a i 18. Hay t i n h chi so' iot cua triolein.

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CH3COOCH=CH2 ; CH2=CHCOOCH3
Hlf6NG f

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DAN GIAI - Bong phdn axit cacboxylic: CH2=CH-CH2-COOH
B a i 1. Phan ufng:

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CH3-CH=CH-C00H

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tach n h a n h . ^ i m k n h n h a n h ^ ^aHg + SHg
C H 2 - C - COOH
I

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CH,

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C 3 H 2 H- H , 0 ) CH.CHO
B a i 4.

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1 ^ Mn^*
CH3CHO + ^ 0 2 — > CH3COOH b) C H 2 = C - C O O C H 2 - C H = C H 2

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a ) CH3COOCH(CH3)2

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CH3COOH + C H - C H > CH3COOC=CH2 om CH3

CH3COOC=CH2 + NaOH > CH3COONa + CH3CHO d) HCOO-CH(CH3)CH2-CH3

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C) CH3COOC6H5
B a i 2. Phan ufng:
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B a i 5. a ) Ta c6: n^o, = = 0,3 (mol) va n^^^ = M = o,3 (mol).

' 22,4 ' 18
ce

CH3 CH3
V i k h i ddt chay X thu dirge sd mol H 2 O bang sd mol C O 2 nen X Ik este
fa

(1) H 2 C = C H — C - O H + Br2 > H2C-CH—C-OH

w.

no, dcfn chufc.

CH3 Br Br CH3
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Goi cong thiJfc cua este no, dcfn chufc \k : C n H 2 n 0 2 (n > 2)

^•^3 CH3 (3n-2]
CnH2n02 + O2 nCOz + nHaO (D
Phan lifng:
(2) H ^ C - C H - C - B r . H B r H ^ C - C H - i - B r . H2O
Br Br CH3 Br Br CHI 3 0,3 < - 0,3
(mol) I
n
CH3 CH3 0,3
Theo d l bai, ta c6: Mx = — (14n + 32) = 7,4 n = 3.
(3) H 2 C - C H — C - B r + SNaOH > H2C-CH—C-CHgi- 3 N a B r n
I I I I I I
Br Br CH3 OH OH OH Vay cong thufc phan tijf cua X: C3H6O2. 11
10 BO'I DUflNG H6A HOC 12
B6| DirdNG HOA H0C12
 b ) X&c d i n h c o n g thijfc cau t a o cua X kho'i l u a n g ciia Z: B a i 9 . T a c6: nNaOH = ^'^^^ = 0,15 ( m o l ) = Sneste => este 3 chufc.
100.40
T a c6: n x = — = 0 , 1 (mol). T h e o de b a i , se c6 1 t r o n g 2 c h a t l a dcfn chufc n e n c6 2 truTcfng h o p :
74
Triidng h^p 1: a x i t d o n chufc rLfcfu b a chufc
P h a n ufng: RCOOR' + N a O H > RCOONa + R'OH.
(RCOOsR' + 3NaOH > 3 R C 0 0 N a + R'(OH)3
(mol) 0,1 - > 0,1 0,1 0,1
(mol) 0,05 -> 0,15 0,15 0,05
M ^ : IHR-OH = 0,1(R' + 17) = 3,2 R' = 15: C H g - 10 2
Vay c o n g thufc cau t a o d u n g cua X : CH3COOCH3.
T a c6: MRcooNa = ^ r - ^ = 6 8 ( d v C ) R + 6 7 = 6 8 => R = 1 ( l a H - )

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V a k h o i l u g n g cua Z: 0,1 x 8 2 = 8,2 (gam).

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B a i 6. T a c6: nco^ = = 0.08 ( m o l ) ; nn^o = = 0.08 ( m o l ) MR(OH) = = ^ 2 (dvC) ^ R' + 5 1 = 9 2 R' = 4 1 ^ R' 1^ C 3 H 5 -

iH
y /x 0,05

Da
D o n^Og = i^HgO X c6 do b a t bao h 6 a cua p h a n tuf A = 1
V a y c o n g thufc cau t a o l a ( H C O O g C g H s .

hi
=> X 1^ este no, dofn chufc => X d a n g C n H 2 n 0 2 Trildng hcfp 2: a x i t d a chufc v a rifgfu dcfn chufc.

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( R C O O R')3 + 3 N a O H > R(C00Na)3 + 3R'0H
C„H2n02 ) nC02

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(mol) 0,05^ 0,15 . 0,05 0,15

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nco2 0,08 1,76 . 4 6
^nx= = - — => M x = 1 4 n + 3 2 = ^ n = 4 k h o n g nguyen (loai)

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^ = n »c o = 30,67:
n n 0,08 U, Uo.o

Ta
n
V a y c o n g thufc cau t a o ciia este ( E ) l a : (HCOO)3C3H5

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V a y c o n g thufc p h a n tuf cua X : C4H8O2.
B a i 10. C a n b a n g :

up
m . 3 4 , 1 X 1,1 X 10 0 , CH3COOH + C , H , O H ^ ^ " ^ CH3C00C,Hs + H^O
Bai 7. T a c6: m ^ ^ o H d e m d t a g = ^QQ = 3.751 (gam)

ro
Ban ddu: IM IM 0 . 0

/g
2 2 2 2
3,751 X 100 ^ , Phan ling: - M - M - M - M
om
^mOU phan .ng = (lOQ + 2 5 ) ^ ^ ^^^""^ 3 3 3 o
.c

I
3 Can 6^71^.- (1 - 0,9)M (a - 0 , 9 ) M 0,9M 0,9M
ok

M a t khdc: IIE = nNaOH = — = 0,075 ( m o l ) /o^2

bo

40
=> M E = 8 8 ( g a m ) o R + 4 4 + R ' = 88 =o R + R ' = 4 4 v3,
ce

Cho V = 1 l i t K = = 4
fa

- I Q i i R = 1 = > R ' = 43(C3H,)

w.

=> C T C T ( E ) : H C O O C 3 H 7 ( p r o p y l f o m i a t )
ww

R C o i a l a so m o l C g H ^ O H c a n dCing, t a c6:
- K h i R = 15 ^ R ' = 2 9 =^ C T C T ( E ) : CH3COOC2H5 ( e t y l a x e t a t )
Kc = j ^ ^ ^ ^ - 4 = > a = 2,925 (mol).
B a i 8. G p i c o n g thufc cua este no, d o n chufc 1^ C^HanOg.
a i 1 1 . G o i t h e t i c h h e p h a n ufng V Git)
Khi p h b n g h 6 a t h i : n^^^^ = ^naou
C H 3 C O O H + C2H5OH ^ CH3COOC2H5 + H 2 O

n e . t e = 0 , 3 X 0 , 5 = 0 , 1 5 ( m o l ) => M^^,^ = ^ = ^16 Ban ddu: 1 1

14n + 32 = 1 1 6 = > n = 6

v a y c o n g thufc p h a n tuf cua este 1^ C^H^Pz •

13
2 BO'I Di/dNG HdA Hnr PhanHOA
Sail
I DUdNG phan
ling:
HOC 12iCng: 1x
-x 1 x- x x x
 2 1 => ne„„33cooNa = 0 , 0 2 (mol) => m,_^„^^,„„,^ = 0 , 0 2 x 3 0 4 = 6 , 0 8 (gam)
X =
Do Heste = — =>
3 3 3 0 92
M^: nNaOH = 3ngiixeroi = 3 X = 0,03 ( m o l ) .
73
V V => = 0,03 X 40 = 1,2 (gam).
mNaOH
"CH3COOC2H5" H2O"
K = = 4 Ap dung d i n h luat bao t o ^ n khoi luong, ta c6:
CH3COOH C2H5OH

V V = 3,02 + 6,08 + 0,92 - 1,2 = 8,82 (gam).

V J
Bai 15. a ) Theo dinh nghia: chi so axit cua chat beo la so miligam K O H

/
46

01
B a i 12. Ta c6: n^,^^^„, = 0,5 (mol) can dung de trung hoa het cac axit b^o t i i do c6 trong 1 gam chat beo.
92

oc
Ta c6: mKon = 0.015 x 0,1 x 56000 = 84 (mg)

iH
Goi cong thijfc cua l i p i t c6 dang: C3H5(OCOR)3 v6i R = 84

Da
3 ^
Chi so axit la: — = 6.
Phan ijfng:

hi
14

nT
C3H5(OCOR)3+3H2O: ^C3H5(OH)3+3RC00H b) Chi so axit la 5,6 nghia la de trung hoa 1 gam chat beo can 5,6mg

uO
(mol) 0,5 - 0,5 KOH. Vay trung h5a 10 gam chat beo cdn 5,6mg x 10 = 56mg K O H .

ie
Hay = 0,001 mol K O H
Theo de b ^ i , ta c6: •^56

iL
Vi NaOH la bazo don chiifc nhtf K O H nen can so mol bang nhau trong

Ta
"ihpit = 0 ' 5 ( 4 1 + 132 + 3 R ) = 444 R = 238,333 = (*)
o phan ufng trung hoa.

s/
Do vay so gam NaOH can c6 la: 40 x 0,001 = 0,04 (gam) NaOH

up
Ma: „ =239; „ =237
Bai 16. So mol K O H : 0,050 l i t x 0,1 mol/lit = 0,005 mol K O H

ro
va M _ „ =213; „ =211 So gam K O H : 0,005 mol x 56 g/mol = 0,280g hay 280mg K O H

/g
Ket hop vdi (*) Cap nghiem thich hop: C17H35- va CnHag-. 280
om
Chi so xa phong hoa: = 186,67.
B a i 13.
.c

1,5
CH2-OCO-(CH2)^,CH3 Bai 17. Theo dinh nghia, chi so axit cua chat beo bkng 7 c6 nghia la muo'n
ok

trung hoa lucfng axit beo t i i do trong 1 gam chat beo phai dung 7mg
bo

CH - O C O ( C H a ) ^ - C H = C H ( C H 2 ) 7 CH3
KOH. Vay muon trung hoa axit beo i\i do trong 5 gam chat beo c6 chi
ce

CH2 - OCO - ( C H 2 ) , CH = CH - CH2 - C H = CH (CH2 \3 so 7 t h i phai dung 5 x 7 = 35mg K O H , hay ^ ^ m o l K O H

fa

Chat beo t r e n Ik trieste cua glixerol vdi ba axit panmitic, axit oleic vk
w.

axit linoleic. ^ M ^ m o l O H " => ^ ^ ^ m o i NaOH ^ k h o l lifong NaOH c^n d l

ww

a) K h i cho tac dung vdi dung dich K O H d nhiet do cao se xay ra phan 56 56
LJfng xa phong hoa triglixerit va ba muoi kali cua ba axit beo tren. trung hoa axit i\i do trong 5 gam chat beo c6 chi so axit bkng 7 la:

b) K h i cho tac dung vdi h c6 dtf t h i c6 phan ufng cong I2 vao cac noi niNaOH = >^ 40g = 25 (mg) = 0,025g/5g chat beo.
56
doi trong goc axit beo khong no.
Bai 18. Phan ufng:
c ) K h i cho tac dung vdri H2 diT, xiic tac N i , t°, p t h i c6 phan iJng cong
(C,,H33COO)3C3H5 + 3I2 (C,,H33COOl2)3C3H,
vao noi doi trong g6c axit beo khong no.
B a i 14. So d6: X + NaOH ^ CnHsiCOONa + CnHssCOONa + C3H5(OH)3 (gam) 884 3 x 254
3,02
Ta c6: n•Ci,H3,COONa = 0,01 (mol) ^ Chi so' iot la i ^ ^ - ^ x 100 = 86,2. .
302 884
14 BO'I OUONG H6A HOC 12 Bfii DUONG HOA HQC 12 IS
 C . BAI TAP N A N G C A O
B a i 1 . D e t h u y p h a n h o a n t o a n 0,74 g a m m o t h 6 n h g p este dcfn chufc car,
7 g a m d u n g d i c h K O H 8 % t r o n g nude. K h i d u n n o n g h 6 n h g p este noj
t r e n v d i a x i t H2SO4 8 0 % s i n h r a k h i X . L a m l a n h X , diia ve d i e u k i e ^
t h u d n g v a d e m c a n , sau do cho k h i I g i tii tii q u a d u n g d i c h b r o m dy
t r o n g nifdrc t h i t h a y k h o i l i f g n g k h i g i a m 1/3, t r o n g do k h o i l i f g n g r i e n g
cua k h i g a n nhu k h o n g d o i .
a ) T i n h k h o i liTgng m o l cua h o n h g p este, xac d i n h t h a n h p h a n h 6 n hgp
k h i sau k h i da l a m l a n h v a t i n h k h o i l u g n g cua c h u n g .
b ) X a c d i n h t h a n h p h a n h o n h g p este b a n dau.
c ) N e u p h a n ufng de p h a n b i e t 2 este t r e n , v i e t phtfong t r i n h p h a n ufng.
B a i 2. L a m b a y h o i m o t c h a t hufu co A (chufa cac n g u y e n t o C, H , O) diJgc
c h a t h o i CO t i kho'i d o i v d i m e t a n b a n g 13,5. L a y 10,8 g a m c h a t A va
19,2 g a m O2 cho v a o b i n h k i n , d u n g t i c h 25,6 l i t ( k h o n g doi). D o t chay
h o a n t o a n A , sau do giuf n h i e t do b i n h 163,8°C t h i a p suat t r o n g b i n h
b a n g 1,26 a t m . L a y t o a n bg s a n p h a m chay cho v a o 160 g a m d u n g dich
N a O H 1 5 % dirge d u n g d i c h B c6 chijfa 4 1 , 1 g a m h o n h g p h a i m u o i . K h i
r a k h o i d u n g d i c h c6 t h e t i c h V i l i t ( d k t c ) .
a ) X a c d i n h c o n g thCfc p h a n tii, v i e t c o n g thufc cau t a o cija A ( b i e t r k n g
k h i cho A t a c d u n g v d i k i e m t a o r a m o t ancol v a 3 m u o i ) .
b ) T i n h V i v a C % ciia cac c h a t t r o n g d u n g d i c h B .
c ) C h o 10,8 g a m A t a c d u n g vCra d u v d i V2 l i t d u n g d i c h N a O H 3 M t h u
dufgc a g a m h S n h g p m u o i . T i n h V2 v a a. om
B a i 3. T h i i y p h a n h o a n t o a n este A cua m o t a x i t hufu co d o n chufc v a m o t
ancol d o n chufc b a n g lufgng d u n g d i c h N a O H v i f a d u . L a m b a y h o i h o a n
.c
t o a n d u n g d i c h sau t h i i y p h a n . P h a n h o i do dugc d a n q u a b i n h 1 d g n g
ok
C U S O 4 k h a n d i / , h o i c o n l a i dugc ngUng t u h e t v a o b i n h 2 d g n g N a d a
bo
t h a y CO k h i G b a y r a . D S n k h i G qua b i n h d g n g C u O dii, n u n g n o n g t h i
ce
6,4 g a m C u di/gc g i a i p h o n g . L u g n g este b a n d a u t a c d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h
fa
b r o m dif t h i co 3 2 g a m b r o m t h a m g i a p h a n ufng. B r o m c h i e m 6 5 , 0 4 %
w.
k h o i lurgng p h a n tuf s a n p h a m sau k h i c o n g h g p v a o A . H a y :
ww
a ) X a c d i n h c o n g thufc p h a n tijf v a cong thufc cau t a o ciia A .
b ) H o a n t h a n h so do p h a n ufng:
^ trung htfp ^ g + NaOH ^ Q _I_
B a i 4. D u n 20,4 garri m o t h g p c h a t hufu co A d o n chufc vdri 3 0 0 m l d u n g d i c h
N a O H I M t h u durgc m u o i B v a h g p c h a t hOu co C. C t a c d u n g vdri N a dU
cho 2,24 l i t H2 ( d k t g ) . B i e t r a n g k h i n u n g muo'i B v d i N a O H t h u dirge
k h i K CO t i k h o i do'i v d i o x i b a n g 0,5. C l a m o t h g p c h a t d o n chufc k h i h i
o x i h o a b a n g k h o n g k h i t r e n Cu n o n g t a o r a s a n p h a m D k h S n g p h a n
ufng v d i d u n g d i c h AgNOa t r o n g N H 3 .
16 - - • .. ' : • Bdl DI/SNG
a ) x a c d i n h c o n g thufc cau t a o cua B , C, A v a D .
b ) Sau p h a n ufng giffa A v a d u n g d i c h N a O H t h u dirge F . C6 c a n F dtfgc
1 cha't r ^ n . T i n h k h o i l u g n g cha't r ^ n n a y .
c ) T h e m v a o 1 0 , 2 , g a m A m o t cha't G d o n chufc c u n g chufc h o a hoc v d i A
v d i so m o l n o = 0,5nA. Do't c h a y h 5 n h g p A , G t h u dirge 33 g a m CO2 v a
12,6 g a m H2O. X a c d i n h cong thufc p h a n t t f v a c o n g thufc cau t a o bi§'t
| r k n g k h i d u n G v d i d u n g d i c h N a O H t a t h u difgc m u o i B t r e n v a m 6 t
s a n p h a m co p h a n ufng v d i A g N O a / N H s .
g a i 5- C h o v a o b i n h k i n co d u n g t i c h 5 0 0 m l 2,64 g a m m o t este A r o i d e m
/
01
n u n g b i n h d e n 2 7 3 ° C , t o a n bg este h o a h o i t h i ap sua't b ^ n g 1,792 a t f t i .
oc
a ) X a c d i n h c o n g thufc p h a n tuf cua A . T i n h n o n g do m o l ciia d u n g d i c h
iH
N a O H c a n t h i e t de t h u y p h a n h e t l i r g n g este n o i t r e n b i e t r a n g t h e t i c h
Da
d u n g d i c h N a O H l a 50 m l .
hi
b ) x a c d i n h c o n g thufc cau t a o cua A v a t i n h k h o i l i f g n g m u o i t h u dirge
nT
sau p h a n ufng ( v d i h i e u suat 100%) t r o n g cac triTomg h g p sau:
uO
- S a n p h a m t h u dirge sau p h a n ufng l a h 8 n h g p 2 m u o i v a 1 rirgu.
ie
- S a n p h a m t h u dirge l a 1 m u o i v a 2 rifgu l a d o n g d 4 n g l i e n t i e p .
iL
B a i 6. M o t h o n h g p g o m h a i este d o n chufc, co 3 n g u y e n t o C, H , O. L a y
Ta
0,25 m o l este n a y p h a n ufng v d i 250 m l d u n g d i c h N a O H 2 M d u n n o n g
s/
t h i t h u dirge m o t a n d e h i t n o m a c h hd vk 28,6 g a m h a i m u o i hufu cO. Cho
up
b i e t kho'i l u g n g m u o i n a y hkng 4,4655 I a n k h o i l u g n g m u o i k i a . D e
ro
p h a n ufng h e t vdri N a O H c o n d U c a n d u n g 150 m l d u n g d i c h H C l I M ,
/g
p h a n t r a m k h o ' i l u g n g cua o x i trong* a n d e h i t l a 2 7 , 5 8 % . X a c d i n h cong
thufc ca'u t a o eua h a i este. ' \
B a i 7. M o t h 6 n h g p 2 este d o n chufc dugc n u n g n o n g vqri -mot l u g n g N a O H
viTa dij t a o r a h 6 n h g p d o n g d a n g l i e n t i e p v a h o n Hgp muo'ji.
a ) D o t c h a y 2 rUgu t h u duge CO2 v a h o i H2O t h e o t i l e t h e t i c h 7 : 10.
T i m c o n g thUe p h a n tuf v a t h a n h p h a n p h a n t r a m t h e o s6' m o l c^e rUgu
trong hon hgp.
b ) Cho 2 m u o i t a c d u i j g v d i l u g n g H 2 S O 4 viTa d i i dugc h o n h o p 2 a x i t no.
La'y 2,08 g a m h 5 n h g p 2 a x i t ( n g u y e n cha't) cho v a o 1 0 0 m l d u n g d i c h
Na2C03 I M . Sau p h a n ufng l u g n g Na2C03 d u t a c d j j n g v i r a M i j vdi''85 m l
dung dich H C l 2 M .
Xac d i n h c o n g thufc p h a n tuf eua 2 a x i t V a 2 este big't r ^ n g k h i d o t m 6 i
este d e u t h u dugc m o t t h e t i c h k h i CO2 n h o h o n 6 I a n t h e tich hai este
do d c u n g d i e u k i e n t ° v a P.
B a i 8. A v a B l a 2 c h a t hUu co d o n chufc eo c i i n g cong thUc p h a n tuf. K h i d o t
c h a y h o a n t o a n 10,2 g a m h 6 n h g p 2 c h a t nay^ean 14,56 l i t O2 ( d k t c ) , k h i
CO2 v a h o i nude jbae-^featth-reo-the- t i c h a x h u n l i a v r t d o «f cung d i e u k i e n ) .
HOA HOC12 BfiiDi/aNGH0AHgci2 T H I / V I E N T I 4 1 N H THUAN ,7
 M a t khdc k h i cho A, B tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH ngUffi ta tha'y:
- A tao dtrgc muo'i cua axit hOfu ca C va riigu D. T i kho'i hoi cua C so vdi
H2 Ik 30. Cho hoi rtrou D di qua Qng dUng Cu dun nong dtfcfc chat E
khong t h a m gia phan uTng t r a n g jgiiong.
- B tao ra dirge chat C va D'. K h i cho C tac dung vdi H2SO4 di^oc E'
tham gia phan ijfng t r a n g gifong con k h i D' tac dung vdi H2SO4 dac d t°
thich hdp t h i thu diidc 2 anken.
Xac dinh cong thufc cau tao cua 2 chat A, B.
ai 9. M o t hdp chat hiJu cd X mach hd chi chufa 1 loai nhom chufc difdc di4u
che tii axit no A va rUdu no B. Biet:
a) K h i dot chay a gam X thu difdc n^^ = n^j ^ + 0,2 mol, a gam X k h i
hda hdi chiem mot the tich bang the tich cua 5,8 gam khong k h i d cung
dieu k i e n (lay MKK = 29).
b) K h i dot chay 1 mol riidu no B can 2,5 mol O2.
c) a gam X tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH vCfa du tao ra 32,8 gam muoi
khan. Hay cho biet cong thufc cau tao cua X.
ai 10. Cho A l a este cua glixerol vdi axit cacboxylic ddn chufc mach hd.
Dun nong 7,9 gam A vdi NaOH cho t d i phan ufng hoan toan thu dtfdc
8,6 gam h6n hdp muo'i.
Cho h6n hdp muoi tac dung vdi H2SO4 dii diidc hon hdp 3 axit X, Y, Z
up
trong do X, Y la dong phan ciia nhau, Z la dong dang ke tiep cua Y.
ro
Lay mot phan hon hop axit do dem dot chay va cho CO2 thu difoc tac
dung v d i dung dich Ba(0H)2 dii cd 2,561 gam ke't tua.
/g
om
a) T i m cong thi'jfc phan tuf v a viet cong thufc cau tao cd the c6 cua A biet
.c
Z CO mach cacbon khong phan nhanh.
ok
b) ,Tinh khoi liidng hon hdp axit da bi dot chay.
bo
ai 11. Cho 5,7 gam hdn hop 2 este ddn chufc, mach hd dong phan cua
ce
nhau tac dung_vdi 50ml dung dich NaOH. Dun nhe, gia suf phan ufng
fa
xay r a hoan toan. De trung hoa liJdng NaOH d\i can 50ml dung dich
w.
H2SO4 0,5M t a thu dddc dung dich D.
ww
a) T i n h tong so' mol 2 este trong 5,7 gam hdn hdp biet rang de trung
hoa 10 m l dung dich NaOH can 30 m l dung dich H2SO4 0,25M.
b) ChiJng cat D diTOc h6n hop 2 rUdu c6 so' nguyen tuf cacbon trong phan
tuf bang nhau. H o n hop 2 mau lam mat mau 6,4 gam Br2 trong dung
dich. Ne'u cho Na tac dyng vdi h6n hdp 2 riidu thu difdc x l i t H2 (dktc).
Co can phan con l a i sau k h i chitog cat D r o i cho tAc dung vdi H2SO4 thu
dirge hSn hgp 2 axit. H6n hdp nay lam mat mau dung dich chufa y gam
Br2. T i m cong thufc phan tuf cua cac este.
c) T i n h X, y va kho'i lifgng mdi rqgu.
} Bdi DirflNG HOA HOC 12
ai 12. A Ik axit hOfu ca mach th&ng, B \k ancol dcm chufc bac 1 c6 nh6nh. K h i
trung hoa hoan toan A t h i so mol NaOH can trung hoa gap doi so mol A.
K h i dd't chay B tao ra CO2 vk H2O c6 t i le s6' mol tqong ufng Ik 4 : 5.
K h i cho 0,1 mol A tac dung vdi B hieu suat 73,5 % thu ddgc 14,847 gam
chat hufu CO E.
a) Viet cong thufc cau tao cija A, B, E v a g p i ten.
b) Tinh khoi liTgng ciia A, B da phan ufng de tao ra lirgng chat E nhq tren.
ai 13. Lay 100ml dung dich chufa 2 este A, B don chufc c6 nong do mol
/
chung la 0,8M. Cho hon hgp nay tac dung v d i 150ml dung dich NaOH
01
I M . Sau p h a n ufng thu dirge 2 s a n p h a m hflu cd la 2 muoi C, D c6 kho'i
oc
M 41
iH
lirong la 10,46 gam (Ti le 2 phan tuf khoi — - = — ) dong t h d i thu dirge
Da
Mp 65
hi
1 rirgu E CO k h o i lirgng la 2,9 gam. Rirgu nay khong ben bien thanh
nT
andehit. Sau p h a n ufng phai diing 200ml dung dich H C l 0,2M de trung
uO
hoa NaOH dir. Xac dinh cong thufc p h a n tuf va cong thufc cau tao cua A
ie
va B.
iL
Bai 14. Dot chay 17,6 gam mot hon hgp 3 chat A, B, C dgn chufc la dong
Ta
phan va cho s a n pham chay Ian lirgt qua binh 1 dirng P2O5, binh 2 dirng
s/
K O H dit t h i khoi lirgng binh 1 tang 14,4 gam va b i n h 2 tang 35,2 gam.
a) Xac d i n h cong thufc p h a n tuf va cong thufc cau tao c6 the cd cua A, B,
C biet r ^ n g ca 3 chat deu mach hd.
b) Lay 17,6 gam hon hgp A, B, C va chia ra lam 2 p h a n bang nhau.
Phdn 1: B i trung hoa bdi 0,5 l i t dung dich NaOH 0,1M d nhiet dp
thirdng {phan ling thuc hien trong thai gian ngdn).
Phan 2: Tac dung vtra du vdi 1 l i t dung dich NaOH 0,1M {dun nong mot
thai gian de phan ilng xdy ra hoan toan). Sau k h i c6 can dirge chat ran D.
Hgi E dugc lam ngirng tu va sau k h i loai het nirdc chufa trong E con lai
mot chat long c6 khoi lirgng la 2,58 gam. Xac dinh cong thufc cau tao
dung cua A, B, C va thanh phan phan tram hon hgp theo khoi lirgng.
c) Them NaOH dir vao chat rSn D va nung hon hgp nay dirge m6t hon
hgp k h i F. T i n h t i khoi cua F doi vdi H2.
Bai 15. Mot hon hgp X gom 2 este A, B dong phan {khong chica chicc hoa hoc
ndo khdc ngodi chdc este). Dot chay hoan toan X can 2,8 l i t O2 (dktc).
Cho ha'p thu toan bg s a n p h a m chay vao trong dung dich Ca(0H)2 diT
tao t h a n h 10 gam ke't tua va kho'i lirgng dung dich giam 3,8 gam.
a) Xac dinh cong thufc p h a n tuf va cac cong thufc cau tao cd the cd cua A
va B.
B6| DI/SNG HOA HOC 12
b ) G o i Y , Z I k 2 d 6 n g p h d n m a c h hd c6 c u n g s6' nguy§n tuf C v k O v6i A,
NhiX v a y cA 2 I j h a n S n g diu c6 1 este f o m a t , k h i d u n n 6 n g v d i H2SO4 b i
B n h u n g i t hcfn 2 H . Cho h 5 n horp p h a n drng v6i N a O H difcfc 2 m u d i v a
p h a n h u y t a o r a C O ( M = 28), n g o k i r a con m o t k h i b i h a p t h u b d i nude •
rUcfu. Cac a x i t t a o r a 2 muo'i n a y l a 2 d o n g d ^ n g ke" t i e p v a c6 m a c h
b r o m , k h i d6 p h a i Ik a n k e n s i n h r a k h i p h a n ancol t r o n g este b i tkch
cacbon k h o n g p h a n n h a n h . Cho 2 a x i t n a y p h a n uTng v d i 6 0 0 m l d u n g
ntfdc. M a t k h a c , k h o i Itfgng r i e n g h 6 n h o p k h i k h o p g d o i , tufc l a k h i d6
d i c h Na2C03 I M ( a x i t t h e m t i f tU) t h i k h o n g c6 CO2 bay r a . Sau p h a n
p h a i c6 p h a n tuf k h o i = 28, do 1^' C2H4.
ijfng de tac d u n g h e t v d i l u g n g cacbonat p h a i d u n g 8 0 0 m l d u n g d i c h H C l
I M . D o t chay h e t 2 a x i t t h u dirge 32,48 l i t CO2 ( d k t c ) . C2H4 + Bra — — ^ C2H4Br2
Xdc d i n h c o n g thufc p h a n tuf v a cong thufc cau tao cua 2 a x i t . N e u t r o n g h 6 n h o p c6 H - C O O - C 2 H 5 > C O + C2H4 + H2O
T i n h t h a n h p h a n p h a n t r S m theo k h o i Itfgng cua h 6 n hcfp Y , Z. t h i sau k h i d i q u a n i f d c b r o m k h o ' i l i i o n g k h i p h a i g i a m d i 1/2 (trdi

/
1 1 6 . M o t h 6 n h o p X g o m 2 c h a t hufu ccf A , B k h o n g tac d u n g vdi dung gia t h i e t ) .

01
d i c h Br2 v a deu tAc d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h N a O H . T i k h o i cua X do'i v d i H2 V a y ckc gdc H C O O - v a C2H5- p h a i thuoc ve 2 este k h d c n h a u .

oc
b a n g 35,6. H 8 n h o p chufa H - C O O - C H 3 (x m o l ) v ^ R - C O O - C 2 H 5 (y m o l ) .

iH
Cho X tac d u n g h o a n t o a n vdfi d u n g d i c h N a O H t h i t h a y p h a i d i i n g T a CO : x + y = 0,01 ; x = 2y (do C O = 2 x C2H4 )

Da
4 g a m N a O H , p h a n ufng cho t a m o t r u g u don chiifc v a 2 m u o l ctia a x i t
y = 0,01/3 v a X = 0,02/3

hi
hufu cof dcfn chufc. N e u cho t o a n bo li/cfng ri/cfu t h u di/gfc tac d u n g v d i N a

nT
d a CO 6 7 2 m l k h i ( d k t c ) t h o a t r a . T a c 6 : 6 0 x ^ + (R + 73) x Ml o,74
3 3

uO
Xac d i n h c o n g thufc p h a n tijf v a cong thufc cau t a o cija A , B.
=> R = 2 9 ^ C o n g thufc p h a n tuf 1^ : C 2 H 5 - C O O - C 2 H 5

ie
, 1 7 . M o t h6n h o p X g o m 3 d6ng p h a n A , B , C m a c h h d deu chuTa C, H ,
K h o i l u g n g h d n h o p k h i sau p h a n ufng v d i H2SO4 Ik :

iL
0 . B i e t 4 g a m h 6 n hcfp X d 136,5°C va 2 a t m c6 c u n g t h e t i c h v d i 3 g a m
28 0,01 = 0,28 (gam)

Ta
X
p e n t a n d 273°C v a 2 a t m .
=> 0,02/3 X 60 = 0,4 (gam) H C O O - C H 3 54,1%

s/
a ) Xac d i n h c o n g thufc p h a n tuf cua A , B , C.

up
b) Cho 36 g a m h o n hap tac d u n g viTa dij v d i d u n g d i c h N a O H c6 chufa 0,34 (gam) C2H5-COO-C2H5 45,9%

ro
m g a m N a O H . Co can d u n g d i c h diicfc c h a t r a n Y v a h 6 n h o p Z. Z tac P h a n b i e t 2 este b a n g p h a n ufng v d i d u n g d i c h A g N 0 3 t r o n g NH3 :

/g
d u n g vira d i i v d i d u n g d i c h AgNOs/NHa t a o r a 108 g a m A g v a d u n g d i c h
om H C O O - C H 3 + 2Ag(Nli3); + 2H2O >(NH4)2C03 + 2 N H ;
Z' chufa 2 c h a t hufu ccf. D i e n p h a n d u n g d i c h Z' v d i d i e n chiic t r o , c6
+ C H 3 O H + 2Ag>i.
.c

m a n g ng&n dugc h5n hcfp k h i F b e n a n o t . N u n g c h a t r d n Y v d i N a O H

Bki 2. a ) Theo de b a i , t a c6: M A = 13,5 x 16 = 216 (dvG)
ok

diT dagc h6n h,ap k h i G. D u n G v d i N i xiic tac dUgfc h 6 n h o p k h i F ' g o m

bo

2 k h i CO so m o l b k n g n h a u . Taco: n^ = — ^ = 0,05 ( m o l ) ; = = 0,6 ( m o l )

ce

T r g n Ikn F v d i F ' r o i cho qua ni/dc Br2 dif t h i k h o i li/cfng d u n g d i c h t a n g

l e n 1,75 g a m . K h i t r o n I a n F , F ' cac chat k h o n g c6 p h a n ufng v d i n h a u . n^o^ = 0,45 (mol)
fa

1 . X^c d i n h c o n g thufc cau t a o cua A , B , C, b i e t r S n g m o i c h a t c h i chufa

w.

=> So m o l h o n hop sau p h a n ufng chky \k 0,6 m o l .

m o t l o a i n h o m chufc.
ww

K h i cho CO2 v^o d u n g d i c h N a O H

2. T i n h t h a n h p h a n p h a n t r a m cua A , B , C t r o n g hSrt h o p X.
CO2 + N a O H > NaHCOg
3. T i n h m ( k h o i l i r g n g N a O H ) .
HlfCfNG DAN GIAI CO2 + 2 N a O H — ^ NaaCOs + H2O

1. P h a n d n g : R-COO-R' + KOH > R - C O O K + R'OH Do't ch^y A : C^HyO, + (x + | - | ) 0 2 xCOa + |H20

=> So m o l 2 este = 0,01 (mol) v ^ M = 74
(mol) 0,05 ^ 0,05x
Co 2 k h a n S n g x a y r a :
Ma: nj,o= o,05x = 0,45 X= 9
- Ca 2 este deu c6 p h a n tuf k h o i Ik 74 (HCOO-C2H5 v ^ CH3-COO-CH3)
=> C o n g thufc cua A di/gc v i e t l a i : CgHyO^ =i> y + 16z = 216 - 108 = 108
- M o t t r o n g h a i este c6 p h a n tuf k h o i < 74 do l a H C O O - C H 3 .
^ Cap n g h i e m p h i i hop: z = 6 v k y = 12 => C T P T ciia A 1 ^ C9H12O6
B6| Dl/dNG HOA HOC 1 2
BAI mfflMR uA« unr 4«
 Theo de ra A tdc dung vdi NaOH cho ancol vk 3 muoi. Yky ancol nky c6 ba Ho'i bay ra gom ancol Ian hai nLfcfc. Dung C U S O 4 de ha'p thu hcfi nifdc, c6n
nhom chufc - O H va la glixerol, ba axit khdc nhau c6 tong so' cacbon la 6, lai hoi ancol R'OH. Ngung tu hcfi ancol roi cho tac dung vdi Na du
vay CO mot axit c6 1 nguyen tijf cacbon, mot axit c6 2 nguyen tCr cacbon va
R'OH + Na -> R'ONa+ ^HaT (2)
mot axit c6 3 nguyen ttf cacbon. 2
Cong thdfc cau tao cua A: H2C—OCOH
K h i G la H2. Do tang khoi iLfgng binh dLfng Na: m^.^^ - m^^ = 6,4 (3)
HC-OCOCH3
H2 + CuO — > Cu + H2O (4)
H2C-OCOCH=CH2
6,4
(mol) 0,1 = 0,1
b)TinhVi:

/
64

01
Phanilng: CgHiaOe + 9O2 — > 9CO2 + 6H2O TCf (3) =^ mR.0H = 6,2 + 2 X 0,1 = 6,4 (gam)

oc
(mol) 0,05 9 0,05 9 0,05 6 0,05 TCf (2) => nR.oH = Sn^ = 0,2 (mol)

iH
X x x

^ = 0,6 - 0,45 = 0,15 (mol) ^ V i = 0,15 22,4 = 3,36 (lit)

Da
x
64
R' = 15 (CH,,-)

hi
Nong do phan trSm cua dung dich B: 0,2

nT
^ d u n g dich B ~ " ^ d u n g dich NaOH "^00^ "^H^O Cong thiJc phan tuf cua ancol la C H 3 O H

uO
= 160 + 0,45 X 44 + 0,3 x 18 = 185,2 (gam) Ta c6: nA = nancoi = 0,2 (mol) = n A chufa 1 lien ket 71 (C=C)

ie
Br^ phan ilng

Phan CO2 + NaOH > NaHCOg

iL
Lfng:
RCOOCH3 + Bra > RBr2COOCH3

Ta
(mol) X X X
(mol) 0,2 -> 0,2 0,2

s/
C02 + 2 N a O H - )• NasCOg + H2O 160 65,04
=> % B r =

up
(mol) y 2y y R = 27 (C2H3-)
R + 219 100

ro
x + y = 0,45 f x = 0,3 => C o n g thufc p h a n tLf cua A l a : C4H6O4
Theo de bai, ta c6 he:
/g
84x + 106y = 41,1 |y = 0,15 Cong thurc cau tao cua este A : C H 2 = C H - C O O - C H 3
om
b ) P h a n ifng:
.c

Vay: C%,,„,,^ = X 100% = 13,6%;

ok

nH2C=:CH H2C—CH
bo

C%^ CO = ^ ' ^ ^ X 100% = 8,58% COOCH3 COOCH3

ce
fa

c) Phan Lfng:
+ nNaOH > nCHaCOONa
w.

H2C—CH
C9H12O6 + 3 N a O H > C3H5(OH)3
ww

COOCH3 - H 2 C — C H -

(mol) 0,05 0,15

HCOONa + CHgCOONa + C H 2 = C H C 0 0 N a
0,05 0,05 0,05
I
OH
=^ Va = 0,05 (lit)
B a i 4. a ) A l a e s t e v i k h i d u n A v d i d u n g d i c h N a O H t a t h u dLfcfc m u o i B v a
=^ a = n^HCOONa + "lcH3COONa + "^C,H3C00Na = 12,2 (gam)
1 rifau C.
a i 3. a ) Lap cong thufc phan tuf vk cong thufc cefu tao cua este A:
RCOOR' + NaOH RCOONa + R'OH
Goi cong thOfc phan tiuf ciia este A 1^: RCOOR'
R'OH + Na R'ONa+ - H 2
Phan Lfng: RCOOR' + NaOH - — — > RCOONa + R'OH (1) 2
B6| DlJdNG HOA H0C12
Bfil DI/8NG H(5A HOC 12 23
 2 24
Tac6: H A = nR.QH = 2njj = 2 x = 0,2 ( m o l ) CxHyOz + X + ^ - 1 O2 -> xCOa . |H20
, ' 22,4 4

Vay MA = ^ = 102 0,05y

U, 2 (mol) 0,05 0,05x
2
K h i K l a 1 h i d r o c a c b o n c6 M K = 32.0,5 = 16. 0,05y
Vay, K l a CH4 v a m u o i B 1 ^ C H s C O O N a do n CO, = 0,05x = 0,25 =:> X = 5 v a n^^ = = 0,20 y = 8

^ay C T P T cua G l a C 5 H 8 O 2 thuoc C T T Q C„H2„ + 2 - 4O2 (co 2 l i e n k e t n

CHgCOONa + N a O H CH4t + NaaCOg
\k este k h o n g no).
A : CH3COOR' ^ M A = 15 + 44 + R' = 102

/
Sir x a p h o n g h o a G cho r a m u o i C H s C O O N a . V a y G l a m 6 t a x e t a t

01
mu R' 1 ^ CJiy =^ R' = 43 = 12x + y =^ N g h i e m h o p l i : x = 3, y = 7 r:> G 1^ ( C H 3 C O O ) 3 C 3 H 5 , g6c C 3 H 5 CO n d i doi C=C

oc
V a y R \k C3H7 c o n g thufc cua rifgu C l a C3H7OH San p h a m G l a 1 a n d e h i t (ttf 1 rifcfu (e m o l ) k h o n g b e n c h u y e n t h ^ n h )

iH
Ydi C3H7OH t a CO 2 d o n g p h a n rtfcru V a y cong thufc cau t a o cua (G) l a C H 3 - C O O - C H = C H - C H 3

Da
CH3-CH2-CH2OH C H 3 - C H 2 - C H O + H2O CH3-COO-CH=CH-CH3 + NaOH CHgCOONa + C H 3 - C H = C H 0 H

hi
Ri/gu n a y k h o n g b e n c h u y e n t h a n h a n d e h i t : C H 3 - C H 2 - C H O .

nT
CH3-CHOH-CH3 CH3-CO-CH3 + H2O
Bat 5. a ) C o n g thufc p h a n tuf cua este A

uO
V i s d n p h a m o x i h o a D k h o n g cho p h a n ijfng vdri A g N 0 3 / N H 3 , D 1^ xeton
Phiicfng phap: A c6 cong thijtc la CJiyO^ (Vdi z = 2, z ^ 4 (dieste), z = 6 (tri

ie
CH3-CO-CH3 vk rirgu B l a C H 3 - C H O H - C H 3 . este) v.v...) 4 an (x, y, z, nA) va 2 phiidng trinh (2,64 va so mol) thieu 2

iL
C 6 n g thufc caiu t a o cua este A : C H 3 - C O O - C H ( C H 3 ) 2 (axetat i s o p r o p y l ) . phiiOng trinh nen sau khi c6 MA tif cho z = 2,4 tinh x, y, z, v.v...

Ta
b ) C h a t r ^ n t h u di/cfc sau p h a n ufng PV 1,792 x 0,5

s/
So' m o l este nA = = 0,02 ( m o l )
CH3COOC3H7 + N a O H > C H 3 C 0 0 N a + C3H7OH RT 22,4
2 273

up
X X
273
(mol) 0.^ 0,2 0,2

ro
9 fi4
Vay =^ = 132
/g
=> nNaOH ban diu = 0,3' X 1 = 0,3 (mol) MA =
0,02
V a y dif 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1 ( m o l ) N a O H .
om
N e u A CO c o n g thufc p h a n tuf l a C^HyO, t a c6 12x + y + 16z = 132
.c

Sau k h i c6 can d u n g d i c h F t a t h u dUgrc c h a t r ^ n g o m 0,1 m o l N a O H

+) C h o z = 2 => 12x + y = 100
ok

0,2 m o l C H g C O O N a (Ri/gu C3H7OH 1^ c h a t l o n g bay d i ) .

X 5 6 7 8
bo

=> tCLrin = 0,1 X 40 + 0,2 X 82 = 20,4 (gam).

40 28 16 4
ce

y
c ) T a c6: H A = ^ =± 0,1 ( m o l ) ; no = 0,05 ( m o l )
fa

L o a i c 6 n g thufc C7H16O2 vi C7H16 thuoc C T T Q CnHgn ^ 2 hOp cha't no

1U2
w.

t r o n g k h i este p h a i c6 1 n o i d o i C = 0 .
G c u n g l a 1 dcto este n e n t a c6 c6ng thufc l a CxHy02.
ww

+) C h o z = 4 12x + y = 68
T a t i n h n ^ o ^ n ^ ^ ^ d l suy r a x v& y
X 4 5 6
C o n g thufc cua A v i e t g o n 1^ C5H10O2
y 20 8 am
C5H10O2 + ^ 0 2 —> 5CO2 + 5H2O
C 5 H 8 O 4 thuoc C T T Q CnHan + 2 - 4O4 CO 2 li§n k e t n
(mol) 0,1 0,5 0,5 +) Cho z = 6 => 12x + y = 36

33 X 2 3
y 12 0
T a c6: n^^^ = —= 0,75 ( m o l ) ^ n^^^ = 0,75 - 0.5 = 0,25 ( m o l ) L o a i tri/c;ng hcfp nay
V a y c h i c6n 1 nghiem C5H8O4
Va n„^o(A,G, = ^ = 0,7 (mol) ^ n ^ ^ ^ , ^ , = 0,7 - 0,5 = 0,2 ( m o lHdA
Bdl DUONG ) HOCI2 Bfii DI/SNG H6A HOC 12 25
 N6ng dp dung dich NaOH K h d i liiOng muo'i
Este nay c6 2 chuTc este vay phan ufng vdi NaOH theo t i le mol 1 : 2
0,02 mol este A can 0,04 mol NaOH
nnr—r\A COONa
uuy ^2NaOH-> I + C2H5OH + CH3OH
CM(NaOH) = ^ = 0,8M. oo(:-C2H5 ^oof^^
0, 05
(mol) 0,02 0,02
b ) Cong thufc cau tao cua A
=> ^N.,c,o, = 0.02 X 134 = 2,68 (gam),
Trifcfng i i t f p 1: San pham thu dirge gom 1 rirgu, 2 muoi t h i este phai
phat xuat tCr 1 mgu 2 chiifc 2 axit khdc nhau pal 6. Ta c6: nNaOH = 0,5 (mol) va nHci = 0,15 (mol)
Phan iJng: NaOH + HCl > NaCl + H2O

/
RiCOOH, R2COOH, R3(OH)2

01
(mol) 0,15 0,15

oc
Este A . ^ ^ R o HNaOH thay phan = 0,5 - 0,15 = 0,35 (mol) > 0,25 (mol) => M o t trong hai

iH
/ mudi 1^ do hop chat phenol tao t h a n h tiep tuc b i trung hda bdi NaOH.

Da
R2COO Andehit no, mach hd xuat phat bdi este don chufc n e n cung don chufc

hi
Tdng so cacbon trong R i , R2, R3 la 5 - 2 = 3. Ri/Ou 2 chufc vay R3 t d i Cong thufc tdng qudt la: CnH2nO

nT
thieu phai c6 2 nguyen tuf cabon CH2OH-CH2OH:

uO
Ta c6: ^ = <=> n = 3 (C3H6O) ^ CTCT: CH3-CH2-CHO
R i , R2 con l a i 1 nguyen tuf cacbon vay R i = H (axit 1^ HCOOH) v ^ R2 la 14n 72,42

ie
CH3- (axit la CH3COOH) Dat cong thufc tdng quAt cua 2 este la:

iL
Vay cong thufc cau tao cua este la: HCOO—CH2

Ta
R C 0 0 - C H = C H - C H 3 (a mol) va RCOO-R' (b mol)
H3C—COO—CH2

s/
=> a + b = 0,25 (mol) (D
Chii y: Loai triTomg hop R3 c6 3 cacbon vay R i , R2 khong c6 cacbon n^o

up
RC00CH=CH-CH3 + NaOH ^ RCOONa + CH3-CH2-CHO
ca, R i , R2 la H => chi c6 1 mudi la HCOONa (trai vdfi de)

ro
(mol) a a a
Kho'i liiong 2 muo'i

/g RCOOR' + NaOH > RCOONa + R'OH

om
HCOO—CH2
(mol) b b b b ,
.c

u n nr^r^ i u + 2NaOH -> HCOONa + CHgCOONa + (CH20H)2

R'OH + N a O H > R'ONa + H2O (chufa n h a n benzen)
ok

(mol) b b b
bo

(mol) 0,02 0,02 0,02

ce

HNaOH = a + 2b = 0,35 (2)

m 2 muoi = 0,02(68 + 82) = 3 (gam)
fa

TCr (1) va (2) suy ra: a = 0,15; b = 0,1

Trifcfng hcfp 2: San pham thu difOc gom 1 muo'i vk 2 rufOu. Vay este p h ^ t
w.

=> m . = 0,25(R + 67) + (R' + 39).0,1 = 28,6 => 5R + 2R' = 159 (3)
xuat tCr axit 2 chufc va 2 rirou khac nhau. muoi '
ww

A x i t : Ri(C00H)2, RLTOU: R2OH, R3OH Xet hai triTcfng hop sau:

Ri, R2 va R3 CO t a t ca 3 nguyen tuf cacbon R2, R3 phai c6 chufa cacbon +) Trifcfng hcfp 1: Neu mRcooNa = 4,4655 x mR-pNa

vay chi c6 the R2 la CH3- va R3 la C2H5-. Vay Ri se kh6ng c6 cacbon => 0,25(R + 67) = 4,4655 x 0,1 x (R' + 30) => 2,391R' = R + 220,691 (4)

vay axit la COOH Giai (3) va (4), ta difgc: R = 1 ( - H ) ; R' = 7 (CeHg-)

. +; Trifcfng hap 2: Neu m ^ o N a = 4,4655 x mRcooNa => V6 nghiem
COOH
v a y CTCT cua 2 este: HC00-CH=CH-CH3
V ^ 2 rirgu \k CH3OH, C2H5OH do do A c6 c6ng thiJc cau tao:
OOC—CH3

OOC—C2H5
B6| D I / S N G »6k HQC 12 _Bfl| D U S N G HOA HOC 1 2
 +) P h a n ufng giufa 2 mu6'i vdri H 2 S O 4
Bai 7. a) X^c d i n h cong thuTc p h a n t t f cua 2 rUcfu

G o i cong thufc cua 2 este A , B l a A : R i C O O R ' i (a m o l ) 2 R i C O O N a + H2SO4 -> 2 R 1 C O O H + Na2S04

B: RaCOOR'a (b m o l ) (mol) a a
E s t e A , B d a n chufc n d n a x i t R i C O O H , R2COOH 2 r u a u R i ' O H , Rg'Oli 2 R 2 C O O N a + H2SO4 -> 2 R 2 C O O H + Na2S04
c u n g d a n chufc (mol) b b
^co, •• VH^O = 7 : 10 v a y n.^^ : n^^^ = 7 : 10 +) P h a n ufng giufa 2 axit vori Na2C03

"coj < "H^O "^^y g i o n g n h a trife/ng horp a n k a n 2 r i / a u R ' l O H R'20Ii 2 R 1 C O O H + NaaCOa -> 2 R i C 0 0 N a + CO2 + H2O
a

/
deu la r u g u no. (mol)

01
2

oc
D l xAc d i n h c o n g thufc p h a n tuf cua 2 rifgu n a y t a d u n g 1 r u g u duy n h a t
2 R 2 C O O H + NaaCOg 2R2COONa + CO2 + H2O

iH
C-H - - O H de t i n h n

Da
n 2ii + 1
(mol) b ^
2

hi
a + b

nT
n N a j C O j p h a n ling
(mol)
(mol) (a + b) (a + b ) n ( n + l ) ( a + b)

uO
n ,„ = 0,1 1 (mol)

ie
X
N a , C O , ban dau
'^H.o n + 1 10 - 7 „ „ „
=> — — = - = — => n = - = 2,33 = > n < n < m = n + l

iL
^cp, n 7 3 a + b
(mol)

Ta
'^Na,C03 da ~ 0,1

vay n = 2 R i ' O H m C2H5OH

s/
+) P h a n ufng giufa Na2C03 d u vdi H C l
m = 3 =^ R'aOH 1& C3H7OH

up
Na2C03 + 2HC1 > 2 N a C l + C 0 2 t + H2O

ro
T h a n h p h a n % t h e o s6 m o l cua h 6 n h g p 2 r i i g u
0,17

/g
C2H5OH + 3O2 > 2CO2 + 3H2O om nHci = 2 X 0,085 = 0,17 (mol) => nNa^COj du
- = 0,085 (mol)
(mol) a 2a 3a
.c

a + b a + b
o 0,085 = 0,10 - = 0,015 ^ a + b = 0,03
ok

C3H7OH + ^02 > 3CO2 + 4H2O

bo

V a a = 2b a = 0,02 ( m o l ) ; b = 0,01 (mol)

(mol) b 3b 4b
ce

V a y c o n g thufc p h a n tuf cua 2 a x i t

fa

'^H,D 3a + 4b 10
a = 2b ma axit = 0 , 0 2 ( R i + 45) + 0,01(R2 + 45) = 2,08
w.

n^^Q^ 2 a + 3b
R2 + 2 R i = 73
ww

V i 2 a x i t n a y deu no n e n Ri = CnH2n +1 v a R2 = CmHam + 1

vay: %C2H.0H = = = 66,67%
a + b 3b V a y 2 ( 1 4 n + 1) + 14m + 1 = 73 o 2 8 n + 14m = 70 2n + m = 5
% C 3 H 7 0 H = 100% - 6 6 , 6 7 % = 3 3 , 3 3 % n 0 1 2
b ) Xac d i n h c o n g thufc p h a n tuf cua 2 a x i t m 5 3 1

RiCOOR'i + N a O H > RiCOONa + R'lQH Co 3 cap n g h i e m

(mol) a a • n = 0 ^ H C O O H v a m = 5 => C g H n C O O H
. n = 1=^ C H 3 C O O H va m = 3 C3H7COOH
RsCOOR's'+NaOH ^^RgCOONa + R ' 2 0 H
. n = 2 C 2 H 5 C O O H va m = 1 => C H 3 C O O H
(mol) b b
Bfil DUONG H6A HOC 12
B6\G HI^A Hnr 17
 Vely cdc c o n g thufc c6 t h e c6 cua 2 este ijfng vdri m o i cfip n g h i § m t r e n Dg' c h o n c o n g thufc ca'u t a o d u n g cua A giufa 2 c o n g thufc n ^ y t a dUa t r e n
H C O O C 2 H 5 va C5H11COOC3H7 c o n g thufc cau t a o cua 2 s a n p h a m oxi h d a cua rUOu D .
CH3COOC2H5 v a C3H7COOC3H7 K h i x a p h o n g h o a este A , t a duoc vdri C3H7 m a c h t h ^ n g
C2H5COOC2H5 v a CH3COOC3H7 CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 + N a O H - > CH3COONa + CH3CH2CH2OH
K h i d o t chay mSi este CxHy02 t h i n^,^^ = xneste- V a y neu n^^^ < Sn^ste t h i Rifcfu E t h u dufoc l a rtfcfu bac 1 , c h a t n a y k h i b i o x i h o a t r e n C u n u n g

X < 6, este chufa dvtdi 6 nguyen tijf cacbon. V a y c h i c6 cap n g h i e m cuoi n o n g cho a n d e h i t

C2H5COOC2H5 v a CH3COOC3H" (so C = 5) l a t h o a m a n dieu k i e n t r e n .

C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 O H + IO2 ^ — > C H 3 C H 2 C H O + H2O
B a i 8. A chac c h a n l a este con B t a c d u n g vdfi N a O H t a o duoc 2 c h a t hOfu co

/
A n d e h i t co p h a n t i n g t r a n g gifong, t r a i vofi de v a y l o a i trLfomg h o p n a y

01
C , D ' . V a y B c u n g l a este.

oc
K h i d o t c h a y A , B t a difgc n^^^ = n^^^^ +) N e u C3H7- p h a n n h a n h

iH
V a y cong thijfc cau t a o cua A , B deu chufa 1 l i e n k e t n (cua n h o m C = O). 1 H3C—COO—CH—CH3 + N a O H ^ C H 3 C 0 0 N a + C H 3 C H O H C H 3

Da
V a y m a c h cacbon cua A , B k h o n g c6 l i e n k e t n, do do A , B l a este no, CH3

hi
A x i t v a nfgfu t a o r a A , B c t i n g l a h o p c h a t n o . E l a rLfgru bac 2, k h i b i o x i hoa cho x e t o n

nT
+) X a c d i n h cong thu'c c u a A , B

uO
Phiidng phdp: Ta xdc dinh cong thu'c cdu tao cua axit C va rMu D, ti( CH3-CHOH-CH3 + IO2 ^ — > C H 3 - C O - C H 3 + H2O

ie
do viet cong thifc cdu tgo cua este. X e t o n k h o n g co p h a n ufng t r a n g giJofng, d u n g v d i de. V a y A co c o n g thufc

iL
Ta
T i k h d i d^n^ = 3 0 =^ M c = 2 x 3 0 = 6 0 ca'u t a o l a :

s/
H3C—COO—CH—CH3
Do C l a a x i t n o , C co c o n g thufc CnHgn + i - C O O H

up
H a y 14n + 46 = 6 0 => n = 1 v a C l a C H 3 C O O H CH3

ro
A , B CO c u n g c o n g thufc p h a n tiJf la CnH2n02 n e n k h i do't c h a y h 5 n h o p

/g
om +) X a c d i n h cong thifc c a u tao ciia B
A , B CO t h e x e m n h t f d o t c h a y 1 c h a t duy n h a t co c u n g c o n g thufc p h a n B k h i b i x a p h o n g h o a t a o r a C v a D'. D ' l a riJgu v i k h i b i khuf nifdfc (bcfi
.c

tuf vdri A , B H2SO4) cho r a a n k e n v a y C l a m u d i R C O O N a

ok

V(Ji H2SO4, muo'i n a y co p h a n ufng

C„H2„02 + " O2 > nC02 + n H a O
bo

2 R C 0 0 N a + H2SO4 > 2 R C 0 0 H + Na2S04

ce

nA B =
10,2 . (3n - 2) 10,2
- 22,4
14,56 ^ ^_
= 0,65 A x i t R C O O H CO p h a n ufng t r a n g gifomg v a y a x i t n a y l a H C O O H
fa

=> n,, = X
' 14n + 32 2 14n + 32
B l a este cua H C O O H v a co cau t a o l a H C O O R , vcfi c o n g thuTc p h a n tii
w.

=> n = 5 l a C5H10O2 t a t h a y ngay R l a C4H9 v a ri/cfu D ' l a C4H9OH.

ww

V a y A , B co c u n g c o n g thufc p h a n tuf l a C5H10O2. V d i C4H9OH t a CO 3 d o n g p h a n (rifcfu bac 1 , 2 v a 3) t a c h o n cong thufc

+) X a c d i n h cong thu'c c a u tao c u a A ca'u t a o n a o m a k h i b i khuf nu'cfc t a t h u diicfc 2 a n k e n .
A l a este cua C H 3 C O O H v a y A co cong thufc l a CH3COOR, C5H10O2 v a y H3C—CH2—CH—CH2 > C H 3 - C H 2 - C H = C H 2 + H2O
R-C3H7.. H OH
V a y A CO t h e co 2 cong thufc cau t a o t u y theo C3H7 m a c h t h ^ n g h a y
C h i CO 1 d o n g p h a n a n k e n duy n h a t (loai)
phan nhanh
1 2 3 4
CH3-COO-CH2-CH2-CH3 H3C—COO—CH—CH3 H2C—CH—CH—CH3

CH3 H OH H
JO B6| Dl/flNG HflA HOC 12 Dl/flNO HOA HOCI2 31
 Ttiy theo H t d c h r a v 6 i O H ( d l tab H g O ) 1^ d C i h a y C 3 , t a se diTgrc 2 anken: +) C 6 n g thtfc c i i a rtfofu B
C H 2 = C H - C H 2 - C H 3 (khii H d C i ) l a r u g u n o c6 t h e dcfn h a y d a chufc
C H 3 - C H = C H - C H 3 (khi^ H d C 3 ) B C O C T Ik C „ H 2 n + 2 O , .

T r i i d n g hcfp n ^ y p h u hgrp vdri de. 3 n + 1 - z'

CnH2n + 20z' + 02 -> n C 0 2 + ( n + D H a O
OH
3 n + 1 - z'
H3C C CH3 H 2 C — C CH3 Vofi 1 m o l B c a n mol O2. V a y

CH3 CH3
3 n + 1 - z'

/
= 2,5 ^ 3 n + 1 - z' = 5 => 3 n - z' = 4

01
V a y D ' 1^ C H 3 - C H O H - C H 2 - C H 3 C T C T cua este B Ik:

oc
z' 1 2 3

iH
HOOC—CH—CH2—CH3
n 5 7

Da
<^H3 — 2 —
3 3

hi
B a i 9. X l a 1 este ca chufa 1 h a y n h i e u chiifc este. V(5i z' = 2 , n = 2

nT
G i a sijT c o n g thufc cua X l a C x H y O z B l a ri/gru da chufc O H 2 O H - C H 2 O H

uO
Phitcfng phap: De biet chiia 1 hay nhieu chvtc este ta tim 1 he thitc +) Cong thu-c c u a B

ie
giQa y va X . D l CO t h e CO X l a 1 dieste, a x i t A c6 t h e d o n chufc h a y d a chufc

iL
• A CO 2 chufc a x i t O n H 2 n ( O O O H ) 2

Ta
+) N e u y = 2 x => 1 l i e n k e t n ( 1 chufc este)

s/
y = 2 x - 2 => 2 l i e n k e t n (2 chufc este) X se l a 1 dieste m a c h v o n g

up
Chti y: K h o n g c6 l i e n k e t C = C do a x i t A v a r i / g u B t a o r a X deu l a hgfp .COOH HO-CH2 ^C00-CH2
HO—CH2

ro
c h a t n o v a y X 1^ 1-este no. , CnH2n\ + H2O

/g
COO—CH2
G o i t = n x ufng vofi a g a m X
om
L o a i t r i r d n g h o p n a y v i t h e o de X l a 1 este m a c h h d .
.c

X + Oo > XCO2 + ^ H a O
A l a d o n a x i t R O O O H . C o n g thufc cau t a o cua este X l a :
ok
bo

(mol) tx ^ RCOO—CH2
ce

RCOO—CH2
fa

=> n - n = t x - ^ = 0,2 (1) K h i x ^ p h b n g hoa:

w.

2
ww

RCOO—CH2 HO—CHo
a g a m X chig'm c i i n g t h e t i c h v d i 5,8 g a m k h o n g k h i v a y so m o l X = so + 2NaOH ^ 2R0OONa +
I
mol k h o n g k h i RCOO—CH2 HO—CH2
5,8 Cuf 0,2 m o l X t a o r a 0,4 m o l m u o i
=> t = = 0,2 ( m o l ) (2)
29 m„,u6-i = 0,4(R + 67) = 32,8
R + 67 = 82 R = 15
G i a i (1) (2) ^ X - ^ = 1 => y = 2 x - 2
Vaiy R l a CH3 v a a x i t A 1^ C H 3 C O O H .
-2
Do do c o n g thufc cau t a o cua X 1^:
V a y X CO 2 l i e n ke't n (2 n o i d o i 0 = 0 ) H3C—COO—CH2
V a y X CO 2 chufc este. D o do riicfu B hoSc a x i t A da chufc. H3C—COO—CH2
2 . B6\G HdA HQC 12
Bai 10. a) Gid stjT X, Y, Z c6 cong thufc Ik RjCOOH, R2COOH vk R'COOH Ghep cong thufc cua 3 axit vdi cong thufc cua glixerol ta c6 cong thufc cau
vdri R i = R2 = R (vi X, Y dong phan) va R' = R + 14 (do Z la dong dang tao cua este A:
ke tiep cua Y (hcfn Y mot -CH2-) I '
Vay cong thijfc cau tao cua este A xuat phat tU 3 axit tren va glixerol la:
H3C—CH—COO—CH2
Rl—COO—CH2 R^_COO—CH2
H3C—CH2—CH2-COO—CH
R2—COO—CH '
R'—COO—CH H3C—CH2—CH2—CH2—COO-CH2
R'—COO—CH2 I CH3

/
R2—COO—CH2

01
K h i xk phong hoa A, ta thu dtfoc glixerol va 3 muo'i
hoac H3C—CH—COO—CH2

oc
Rl—COO—CH2 HO—CH2 RjCOONa
I I

iH
H3C—CH2—CH2—CH2-COO—CH
Ro—COO—CH +3NaOH ^ HO—CH + R^COONa

Da
R'COONa H3C-CH2—CH2—COO—CH2

hi
R'—COO—CH2 HO—CH2
b) H5n hgfp 3 mudi vdri H2SO4

nT
Goi a = nA, phan uTng phong hoa cho ta 3 muoi vdri so mol moi mudi 2C3H7-COONa + H2SO4 > 2C3H7-COOH + Na2S04

uO
deu bhng a

ie
2C3H7-COONa + H2SO4 > 2C3H7COOH + Na2S04
mA = a(Ri + R2 + R' + 173) = 7,9 hay a(2R + R' + 173) = 7,9 (1)

iL
2C4H9COONa + H2SO4 > 2C4H9COOH + Na2S04

Ta
Kh6'i ItfOng 3 mudi
Do so' mol 3 mudi bang nhau, so mol 3 axit X, Y, Z cung bang nhau.

s/
ma muo-i = a(2R + R' + 201) = 8,6 (2)
Goi X sd mol m6i axit trong hon hop daoc dem dd't chay

up
Lay (2) trCr (1), ta dugc: 28a = 0,7 =^ a = — mol C3H7-COOH + 5O2 ~ — > 4CO2 + 4H2O

ro
(mol) x • 4x
/g
0,1
Thay vao (1): (2R + R' + 173) = 7,9
om
C3H7-COOH + 5O2 — > 4CO2 + 4H2O
.c

2R + R' + 173 = = 316 2R + R' = 143 (mol) x 4x

ok

0,1
C4H9-COOH + 6,502 ^—-^ 5CO2 + 5H2O
bo

V i R' = R + 14
ce

(mol) x 5x
2R + R + 14 = 3R + 14 = 143 3R = 129 => R = 43
fa

=> n^Q^ = (4 + 4 + 5)x = 13x

Neu R \k CxHy => 12x + y = 43
w.

2 4 ^ n„„ = n„ - ^'^^^ = 0,013 (mol) .

ww

X 3 I

CO2 BaCOg-L 197 J ^ '

y 19 7 am
=^ 13x = 0,013 hay x = 0,001 (mol)
Vay R 1^ -C3H7 va R' la -C4H9
K h d i lifong hon hop 3 axit dem dot chay
A x i t Z CO mach th^ng vay c6 cong thufc cau tao la :
0,001(88 + 88 + 102) = 0,278 (gam)
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH
Bai 11. a) Este A: RCOORi' (a mol) B: R2COOR2' (b mol)
Y dong dang v d i Z nen cung c6 mach t h i n g CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH
Tinh nNaOH trong 50 m l dung dich NaOH (diia t r e n 10 m l dung dich
X dong phan vdri Y c6 mach phan nhanh:
NaOH t r u n g hoa 30 m l dung dich H2SO4 0,25M) va nNaOH du
H3C—CH—COOH Suy ra nNaOH phan ufng vdfi este
CH3 HNaGH = n2 este => a + b = 0,05 (mol)
B6| DliflNn H f i i H f i r 1 9 as
 b) ma este = M ( a + b) = 5,7 => M A = M B = 1 1 4 V i ancol 1^ ancol bac hai c6 nhdnh n§n B c6 cong thufc cau tao l a :
R i + R ' l = R2 + R'2 = 7 0 . H3C—CH—CH2—OH • ai^'^ol isobutylic
2 rugru vk axit d4u l ^ m m a t mau rnidc Br2 vSy trong 2 rUcru cung nhij
CH3
trong 2 axit phai c6 i t nhat 1 chat khong no.
2 rtfou axit c6 cCing so nguyen tijf cacbon vay 2 axit cung c6 cung s6' h^n iJfng este \k:
H,SO,
nguyen tuT cacbon (do 2 este nay dong phan) R(C00H)2 + nC4H90H ^ > nH20 + R(COOH), _ ^ (COOC^H^)
9 'n
Cong thuTc chung cua 2 este: C n H s n + 2 - 2kCOOCniH2m + 1 - 2k'
0,0735 (mol) 0,0735n (mol) 0,0735 (mol)
(k, k ' so lien k e t n c6 t r e n gdc R , R ' ) ta c6
14 847

/
R + R ' = 70 7(n + m) - (k + k') = 34 M E = R + 45(2 - n) + l O l n = ' = 202 R + 56n = 112

01
k +k'=l=^n +m =5 0,0735

oc
n , m phai > 2 (vi v d i 1 cacbon, khong the c6 2 riidu, 2 axit khac nhau) ) K h i n = 1 =^ R = 56 (~C4H8-)

iH
k = 0, k ' = 1 C2H5COOC3H5 (goc CO noi doi trong R ' O H phai t o i thieu Cong thufc cau tao cua A : HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH: axit adipic

Da
CO 3 nguyen ttf cacbon t h i riiOu mdi ben) => Cong thufc cSi'u tao cua E:

hi
k = 1, k ' = 0 ^ C2H3COOC3H7 HOOC—CH2—CH2-COO—CH2-CH-CH3

nT
C2H5COO-CH2-CH=CH2 ; propionat propennil

uO
CH3
CH2=CH-COOC3H7 ; acrilat propil. Isobutylhidro adipat

ie
c) 2 rtrgu la C3H5OH hay C H 2 = C H - C H 2 0 H va C3H7OH chi c6 rifou dau

iL
+ ) K h i n = 2 = > R = 0=> CTCT cua A: HOOC-COOH: axit oxalic

Ta
'* lam mat mau n U d c Br2 vay Cong thufc ca'u tao c u a E:

s/
a = n^^H^oj, = ng^^ = 0,04 (mol) H3C—OH—CHo-OOC—COO—CH2—CH—CH3
I I

up
3 2 2 3
^=^o,n,ou =0,01(mol)

ro
CH3 CH3
= 2,32 (gam); m^^„ = 0,60 (gam) b) T i n h k h o i liTcfng cua A, B:

/g +) K h i n = 1: m A = 0,0735 x (56 + 90) = 5,439 (gam)

om
"H, = r.,. = 0>025 (mol) ^ = 0,56 (lit). mB = 0,0735 X 74 = 10,31 (gam)
.c
ok

Chi CO axit C H 2 = C H - C 0 0 H l a m mat mau rnidc Brz +) K h i n = 2; mA = 0,0735 x 74 = 10,878 (gam);

bo

^ n3_, = b = 0,01, (mol) => y = 1,60 (gam). me = 2 X 0,0735 x 74 = 6,615 (gam)

ce

+) X6t trifcfng hcfp 3: Loai v i nNaOH khong du thuy phan so mol este.
Bai 12.
fa

Bai 13. a) ChiJtng minh rdng 1 trong 2 este A, B cd chvta goc benzen bang
a) Theo de bai, t a c6: = 1 : 2 => A la axit hai chufc.
w.

n A : nNaOH
each so sdnh so mol NaOH phan ling vdi tong so mol este.
ww

Goi cong thufc tong quat cua A la R ( C 0 0 H ) 2 Neu HNaOH > n2 este t h i 8 6 CO 1 este phan ijfng v6i N a O H theo t i le mol
Ma n^^o^ : n^^^= 4 : 5 = ^ n^^< n^^^^B la ancol no 1 : 2, este n^y c6 dang R - C O O - C e H s

Theo de r a B la ancol dcrn chufc => Goi cong thufc tong quat cija B la A: RiCOOR'i (a mol)

CnH2n + l O H B: RgCOOR'a (b mol) vdi R'2=C6H5

Phan dfng giufa A, B v d i NaOH
CnHzn. lOH + ^ 0 2 ^ — > nC02 + (n + D H g O RiCOOR'i + NaOH -> RiCOONa + R'lOH
(mol) a a a a
^ "co ^ _ _n u _ ^ ^
_co^ 4 ^ 4 (C4H9OH)
R 2 C O O R ' 2 + 2NaOH - > RgCOONa + R'20Na + H2O
^H,o n + 1 5
^mol) b 2b b b
)6 Bdl DlidNG HOA HOC 12 DU8NG HdA HOC 12 37
 => n 2 e s t e = a + b = 0,08 (1)
pai 14. a) Cong thufc phan tuf cua A, B, C.
(do n = C X V = 0,8 X 0,1 = 0,08 mol) A, B, C la dong phan nen c6 cung C T P T . P2O5 hut nude
So mol NaOH ban dau = 0,15.1 = 0,15 (mol) (P2O5 + 3H2O > 2H3PO4)
HNaOH du = H H C I = 0,2 X 0,2 = 0,04 (mol)
14,4
=> n N a O H pt» vdi A,c = 0,15 - 0,04 = 0,11 (mol) N§n mjj^o = 14,4 (gam) => mn = = 1,6 (gam)
a + 2b = 0,11 (2)
K O H hut CO2 n§n:
Tii (1) (2) ^ a = 0,05 (mol) A; b = 0,03 (mol) B
3.35,2
Chi c6 este A phan ufng cho ra rifcfu E m^Q = 35,2 (gam) => mc = = 9,6 (gam)
11

/
01
n E = H A = 0,05 (mol) M E = MR.QH = = 58 Kh6ng c6 nguyen t d n^o khac ngoai oxi.
0,05

oc
Suy ra: mo = 17,6 - (1,6 + 9,6) = 6,4 (gam)
Do mqu R'OH khong ben bien t h a n h andehit R"CHO ta c6

iH
ME = R" + 29 = 58 =i> R" = 29 12x y 16z x _ y _ z
hay

Da
Vay R" 1^ C 2 H 5 va andehit la CH3-CH2-CHO bien doi tii rUgfu khong 9,6 1,6 6,4 r96^ 16 r64^

hi
b i n CH3-CH=CH0H. 112; [lej

nT
Phan ufng xa ph6ng h6a A, B chi cho ra 2 mudi vSy b^t bu6t trong 3

uO
X
mudi RiCOONa, RgCOONa va R'aONa c6 2 mudi gidng nhau. = — hay — = — = - = n C T N l a (C,H^O)„
^ 8 = 16 4 - ^ 2 4 1

ie
Yky R i t r u n g vdi R2 -

iL
Vi A, B, C dorn chufc, sd nguyen tuf oxi chi c6 the b^ng 1 (rLfgu, ete,
K h d i iLfgtng 2 mudi: m2 muol = niRcooNa + ^n\om

Ta
andehit, xeton) hay bkng 2 (axit, este).
(a + b) (b)

s/
+) K h i z = 1 => Cong thufc phan tuf la C2H4O. Chi c6 the c6 1 c6ng thiJc
0,08(Ri + 67) + 0,03(R'2 + 39) = 10,46

up
cafu tao 1^ CH3-CHO (loai v i phai c6 3 dong phan).

ro
8R1 + 3R'2 = 1046 - 653 = 393 (3)
+) K h i z =.2 => C4H8O2.

/g
^ M^^coo^^ ^ +67 ^ 4 1 .
Vay c6 l i e n ket n. A, B, C chi c6 the la axit hay este.
om
• M , - M,,^,,,^ - R; +39-65
.c

Axit CH3CH2CH2COOH CH3-CH(CH3)-COOH

<=> 41R'2 + 1599 = 65Ri + 4355 41R'2 - 65Ri = 2756 (4)
ok

Este HCOOC3H7 CH3COOC2H5 C2H5COOCH3

Ttr (3) v^ (4) R i = 15 vay R i Ik CH3
bo

Co 3 triidng hop: +) Trufcfng hcfp 1: 3 este

R'2 = 91 R'2 la C 6 H 4 - C H 3
ce

+) Cong thtfc cau tao cua A va B +) Triicfng hgp 2: 1 axit, 2 este

fa

A este cua axit C H 3 C O O H va rirgu C H 3 - C H = C H 0 H c6 cong thufc cau tao +) Trtrdng hop 3: 2 axit, 1 este.
w.

la: C H 3 - C O O - C H = C H - C H 3 PhiTOng phdp: de chon tritdng hcfp dung, ta difa tren so mol NaOH
ww

B este cua axit CH3COOH va phenol nSn B c6 cong thufc cau tao \k: phdn ling d nhiet do thitdng va khi dun nong va tren khoi liidng
2,58 gam cua chat long.
H3C—COO HNaOH d t° thifdng: 0,5.0,1 = 0,05 (mol)
nNaOH k h i dun nong: 1 x 0,1 = 0,10 (mol)
+) Trififng hcfp 1: A, B, C deu 1^ este.
Do este gan nhtr khSng phan ufng vdi NaOH trong t h d i gian ng^n, ta
loai trifdng hcfp n^y.
Bfii Di/flNG HOA HOC 12 39
B6I DUSNG HOA HOC 12
 +) Trirtfng hap 2; 1 a x i t , 2 este.
0 K Q

Do Mnrau = = 51,6 k h a c vdfi M cua 3 rtfcfu t r e n , v d y t a l o a i t r t f d n g

So' m o l a x i t = so' m o l N a O H p h a n ufng cf t° thLfomg = 0,05 m o l 0,05
So' m o l a x i t + so m o l 2 este = nNaOH p h a n ufng k h i d u n n o n g = 0,10 m o l . hcfp n a y .
n2 este = 0,10 - 0,05 = 0,05 (mol). Tom lai chi c6 triidng hap 2 la dung.
2 este k h i x ^ p h b n g h o a cho r a 2 muo'i v a 2 rtfcfu. V a y k h i E b a y l e n c) Sau p h a n ufng xa p h o n g h o a , t a dufcfc 3 m u o i C3H7COONa (0,05 m o l ) ,
g o m 2 rtfcfu v a nifdc. Sau k h i l o a i h e t ntfdc c o n l a i h 6 n hcfp 2 riXcfu v a i C H s C O O N a va H C O O N a ( p h a t xua't t t f 2 este).
t o n g so' m o l b k n g so' m o l 2 este (0,05 m o l ) .
K h i n u n g 3 muo'i nay v d i N a O H , t a c6:
M2ruau = = 51,6 CsHTCOONa + N a O H > CgHgt + Na2C03

/
0,05 .

01
(mol) 0,05 0,05
Mrugu 1 < 51,6 < Mri,cru2

oc
Rtfcfu nang nhat trong ttf 3 este HCOOC3H7, CH3COOC2H5 va CH3COONa + NaOH > CH4t + Na2C03

iH
C2H5COOCH3 \h C3H7OH CO M = 60 > 51,6. Cac rtfgu k i a C2H5OH ( M = 46) (mol) 0,03 0,03

Da
v a C H 3 O H ( M = 3 2 ) d e u c6 M < 51,6. HCOONa + NaOH > Hgt + Na2C03

hi
v a y rtfcfu I I la C3H7OH v a este t u o n g ijfng l a HCOOC3H7.
(mol) 0,02 0,02

nT
Rtfcfu I c6 t h e l a C H 3 O H h a y C2H5OH
K h o i Itfcrng c h u n g cua 3 k h i :

uO
• C a p C3H7OH v a CH3OH
0,05 4 4 + 0,03 16 + 0,02 x 2 = 2,72 ( g a m )

ie
X X
G o i a = n^H^ojj; b = n ^

iL
M3khi = ^ = 2 7 , 2
a + b = 0,05 v a mg = 3 2 a + 60b = 2,58

Ta
=> a = 0,015 ( m o l ) CH3OH v a b = 0,035 ( m o l ) C3H7OH

s/
97 9
CH3OH p h a t xua't t t f este C2H5COOCH3

up
T i k h o i d o i vdi H g : d = = 13,6. '
2

ro
V a y h o n hcfp k h i d a u g o m : 0 , 1 ( m o l ) C3H7COOH =i> 5 0 %
Bai 15. a ) C o n g thufc p h a n tuf va cong thufc ca'u t a o cua A , B .

/g
0,03 ( m o l ) C2H5COOCH3 => 1 5 %
A , B la d o n g p h a n n e n c6 c t m g c o n g thufc p h a n tuf.
om
0,07 (mol) HCOOC3H7 35%
C O 2 + Ca(0H)2 > C a C 0 3 4 +. H 2 O
.c

• Cap C 2 H 5 O H va C3H7OH
ok

G o i c = n^^^H^ojj; d = n^^^^ T a c6: n „ „ = n „ „„ , = = 0,1 (mol)

bo

c + d = 0,05 v a 46c + 6 0 d = 2,58

D u n g d i c h n h a n C O 2 va HgO n h t f n g ma't 10 g a m k e t t u a . .
ce

^ c = 0,03 ( m o l ) C2H5OH v a d = 0,02 ( m o l ) C3H7OH

Do g i a m k h o i Itfcfng d u n g d i c h = (m^.^^ + m^^^)
fa

VCI^^^^Q^^ -
H o n hcfp d a u g o m : 0 , 1 ( m o l ) C3H7COOH => 5 0 %
w.

0,06 ( m o l ) CH3COOC2H5 => 3 0 % 10-(0,1 x44+ mjj^o) = 3,8

ww

0,04 (mol) HCOOC3H7 ^ 2 0 %

Chu y: D o A , B , C c6 c u n g cong thufc p h a n tuf (cung M ) n e n t h a n h p h a n => m^j^o = 1,8 (gam) va n^^ „ =0,1 ( m o l )

p h a n t r a m t h e o k h o i Itfcfng c u n g l a t h a n h p h a n p h a n t r a m t h e o so m o l . T a de y r k n g n^^^^ = nj.^^. V a y h o p c h a t A , B nay c h i chufa 1 l i e n k e t n.

+) TrttUng hap 3: 2 a x i t , 1 este.
Do A , B c h i chufa este n e n A , B c h i c6 t h e chufa 1 chufc este n § n c6 2
n2 axit = H N a O H d n h i e t do thifdng = 0,05 (mol)
n g u y e n tuf o x i .
neste + H a x i t = nNaOH a nhift dp cao = 0,10 (mol)
C o n g thtfc p h a n tuf cua A , B la C x H 2 x 0 2
:=> neste = 0,10 - 0,05 = 0,05 (mol)

Vi chi CO 1 este, p h a n ufng vdri N a O H c h i cho r a 1 rtfcfu C3H7OH, CxH2x02 + O2 — > XCO2 + XH2O
C2H5OH, CH3OH.
0 B6I Dt/dNG HdA HOC 12 B61 Dl/flNG H6A HOC 12 41
 +) T r i f d n g hofp N a z C O ^ p h a n i J n g vijfa du.
T a c6: n„ = = 0,125 (mol)
22,4 T a c6: n^^^^^^ = y + z = n^^^.^^ = 0,6 (mol)

^o, 3x - 2 0,125 So m o l H C l c a n t h i e t de p h a n ufng vdri N a H C 0 3

' neo^ 2x 0,1 HCl + NaHC03 > NaCl + CO2 + H2O
(mol) (y + z) (y + z) n n c i = y + z = 0,6 (mol)
Vay c o n g thufc p h a n tijf cua A, B l a C4H8O2
T r a i vdri de v i n n c i = 0,8 x 1 = 0,8 m o l
C o n g thufc cau t a o c6 t h e c6 cua A, B:
V a y diT NazCOa
HCOOCgHv, CH3COOC2H5, C2H5COOCCH3. '
T a c o : n ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^ = 0,6 - (y + z) (mol)

/
b ) Y v a Z C O c u n g so n g u y e n tijf C va O nhi/ng i t h o n 2 n g u y e n tuf H .

01
V d i H C l , C O 2 p h a n ufng:
Vay c o n g thufc p h a n tuf cua Y v a Z l a C4H6O2.

oc
Na2C03 + 2HC1 > 2 N a C l + C 0 2 t + H2O

iH
- Y, Z p h a n ufng v d i N a O H cho m u o i v a rufcfu v a y Y, Z c h i c6 t h e l a a x i t
(mol) 0,6 - (y + z) 1,2 - 2(y + z)

Da
hoac este.
NaHC03 + HCl > N a C l + C 0 2 t + H2O

hi
- Y v a Z k h o n g t h e c u n g 1^ este v i s i i x a p h o n g h 6 a 2 este d o n g p h ^ n
(mol) (y + z) (y + z)

nT
p h a i cho 2 rtfgfu t r o n g k h i do de cho b i e t p h a n ufng c h i cho r a 1 rifgru. ^ nnci 1,2 - 2(y + z) + y + z = 0,8 (mol)

uO
Chung =

V a y Y p h a i l a este, Z l a a x i t . <^ 1,2 - (y + z) = 0,8 y + z = 0,4 (mol) (D

ie
Vdri cong thufc p h a n tuf C4H6O2 hay CnHsn + 2 - 4O2, Y v ^ Z c6 2 l i e n k e t TI.
Bot chdy:

iL
C 2 H 3 C O O H + 3O2 —> S C O s + 2H2O
v a y Y v a Z 1^ este hoac a x i t k h o n g no (c6 1 n o i d o i C=C)

Ta
(mol) y 3y

s/
Z chi C O the la: C H 2 = C H - C H 2 - C O O H hay CH3-CH=CH-C00H hay
C3H5COOH + § 0 2 ^ 4CO2 + 3H2O

up
C H 3 - C ( C H 3 ) = C - C O O H (loai v i theo de m a c h cacbon k h o n g p h a n n h d n h )

ro
Y l a este c6 c o n g thufc cau t a o l a C H 2 = C H - C O O - C H 3 (mol) z 4z

/g
G o i y = n y v a z = nz
om
P h a n ufng cua Y, Z v d i N a O H
.c

Tif (1) v a (2) =^ y = 0,15 (mol) Y; z = 0,25 (mol) Z

ok

CH2=CH-COO-CH3 + NaOH ^ C H 2 = C H - C 0 0 N a + CH3OH

T h k n h p h a n p h a n t r S m t h e o k h d i lufgrng
bo

C3H5COOH + N a O H -> CsHgCOONa + H2O mc,H3CooH = 0,15 X 72 = 10,8 (g); m,^„^,,,, = 0,25 x 86 = 21,5 (g)
ce

2 muoi nay phat xuat tif 2 axit.

IMiLM
fa

C H 2 = C H - C 0 0 H va C H 3 - C H = C H - C 0 0 H (d6ng d i n g ke' ti§p), v<Ji so'

Vay: %C2H5COOH = = 3 3 , 4 3 % v a % C 3 H 5 C O O H = 66, 5 7 %
w.

10,8 + 21,5
m o l c u n g la y v a z.
ww

Bai 16. A, B k h o n g tac d u n g vdfi d u n g d i c h Brg, v a y A, B 1^ h g p c h a t no.

H a i a x i t n a y p h a n ufng vdri Na2C03 m a k h 6 n g c6 k h i CO2 bay r a n g h l a A, B tac d u n g v d i N a O H cho r a ri/gu v a m u o i , vay A, B 1^ a x i t h a y este.
\h. p h a n ufng m d i d e n g i a i d o a n t a o r a N a H C 0 3 +) Trtfofng hgfp A , B d e u la este.

C H 2 = C H - C 0 0 H + Na2C03 > C H 2 - C H - C 0 0 N a + NaHCOg A, B p h a i C O c o n g thiJc R i C O O R vk R2COOR (cung R M p h a n ufng v<Ji

N a O H c h i cho r a m o t rufou duy n h a t ) .
y mol y mol y mol
RiCOOR + NaOH > RiCOONa + ROH
C 3 H 5 C O O H + Na2C03 C3H5C00Na + NaHCOa
(mol) a a a a
z mol z mol z mol
R2COOR + N a O H > R2C00Na + ROH
2 t r t f d n g h g p c6 th§' c6: Na2C03 p h a n ufng vifa du hoac dif Na2C03. (mol) b b b b
B6I DUflNG H6A HOC 12 661DI/8NG H6A HOC 12, • 43
 4
=> HNaOH = a + b = — =0,1 (mol) a i 17. a ) Phifcfng phdp: Ta tinh MA = MB = Mc de cd mot he thvtc giffa x,
40
y, z (CMyOz). Cho z= 1, 2, tinh x, y.
Vay HROH = a + b = 0 , 1 ( m o l ) .
X vk p e n t a n k h o n g d c u n g t ° n e n t a dufa ve c u n g d i e u k i e n t° = 2 7 3 ° C ,
Rifcfu R O H t a c d u n g vdri N a
p = 2 atm.
ROH + Na RONa + - H a t DUa v e d i e u k i e n t " , P n a y , t h e t i c h m d i cua h o n horp X l a :

-
2
_ 273 + 2 7 3
T h e o p h a n ufng: cuf 0 , 1 m o l R O H cho 0,05 m o l Hg V.
273 + 136,5 1,5
0,672
K h o n g p h u hcfp v i n ^ = = 0,03 ( m o l ) .
22,4 i vay d c u n g t ° , P, 4 g a m h o n hcfp X c6 t h e t i c h b ^ n g I a n the tich

/
01
1,5
+) Tru-ofng hgfp A l a axit, B l a este.

oc
A: RiCOOH B : R2COOR3 cua 3 g a m C5H12. V a y so" m o l n x = n „ „ (mo

iH
1,5 ^="'2
P h a n ufng:

Da
nx = (mol)
RiCOOH + NaOH

hi
R i C O O N a + H2O 1,5 72 72
(mol)

nT
a a a a
Mx = 4 : = 72 = M A = M B = M c

uO
R2COOR3 + N a O H - > R2C00Na + R3OH 72

ie
(mol) b b b b (A, B , C d o n g p h a n c6 cung c5ng thufc p h a n tuf, cung M n e n M x = M A =

iL
a + b = 0 , 1 (mol) M B = Mc)

Ta
1 b Vori cong thufc 1^ C^HyO^, t a c6: 12x + y + 16z = 72

s/
n. = —n 1 p h i f o n g t r i n h , 3 a n n e n t a I a n lucft cho z = 1 , 2. Suy r a x , y .

up
+) K h i z = 1: 12x + y + 16 = 72 => 12x + y = 56
b = 0,06 ( m o l ) B a = 0,04 ( m o l ) A

ro
X 3 4 5
Do A , B l a a x i t , este no ( c h i c6 1 l i e n k e t n) n e n A c6 c o n g thvtc l a

/g y 20 8 am
CnH2n92, B C O c o n g thufc l a CmH2m02, M = 2 X 35,6 = 71,2
om
Iky cong thufc p h a n tuf l a C4H8O.
.c

M = Q'Q4(14n + 3 2 ) + 0 , 0 6 ( 1 4 m + 3 2 )
= 71,2 I) K h i z = 2: 12x + y + 32 = 72 => 12x + y = 40
ok

0,1
2 3 4
bo

X
<=> 5 6 n + 8 4 m = 392 2 n + 3 m = 14
am
ce

y 16 4
n 1 2 3 4 5
fa

Iky cong thufc p h a n tuf l a C3H4O2.

m 4 10/3 8/3 2 4/3
w.

b) D e c h o n giufa 2 cong thufc C4H8O v a C3H4O2 t a d i i a t r e n t i n h c h a t l a

ww

+) V d i n = 1 , m = 4, t a c6: X t a c d u n g v d i N a O H cho r a c h a t r a n (muo'i) v a h o i c6 chufa a n d e h i t (tCr

A : CH2O2 C O cong thufc cau t a o Ik: H C O O H
B : C4H8O2 C O 4 cong thufc cau t a o l a : .
HCOOCH2CH2CH3
CH3COOC2H5
+) Vdri n = 4 , m = 2, t a c6:
A : C4H8O2 v d i 2 c6ng thufc cau t a o cua a x i t
CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH
B : C2H4O2 c6 cong thufc cau t a o l a : HCOOCH3.
rifou k h o n g b e n b i e n t h a n h ) .
Do do A , B , C p h a i c6 2 nguyen tCf oxi vk cong thufc p h a n tuf dung l a C3H4O2.
C o n g thufc cau t a o C3H4O2 thuoc cong thufc t o n g q u a t l a C„H2n + 2 - 4O2
HCOOCH(CH3)2
n e n A , B , C c6 2 l i g n k e t TT.
C2H5COOCH3
V a y C O 3 c o n g thufc cau t a o :
A : C H 2 = C H - C 0 0 H ( a x i t k h o n g no)
B : H - C 0 0 - C H = C H 2 (este k h o n g no)
va CH3-CH(CH3)-COOH
C: C H O - C H 2 - C H O (2 chufc a n d e h i t )
L o a i C H 3 - C O - C H O v i c6 2 l o a i n h o m chufc
Bdl DUdNG HOA HOCI2 .^.dlfil DUSNn H h A H n n 19 45
+) P h a n tfng vdri N a O H . Hon hap k h i G gom C2H4 (a mol) v^ Hz (b mol). K h i dun G vdi N i , ta c6:

Dat a = HA, b = n^, c = nc C2H4 + H2 > C2H6

C H 2 = C H - C 0 0 H + NaOH -> CH2=CH-COONa + HgO +) Neu b > a, ta dtfoc (I): C2H6 (a mol) va H2 dif (b - a) mol

(mol) a a a +) Neu b < a, ta difcfc (H): C2H6 (b mol) va C2H4 dii (a - b) mol

Meu la triidng hap 7; a = b - a b = 2a (2)

HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH - HCOONa + CH3CHO
iVeu la triidng /jgfp //; b = a - b => a = 2b (2')
(mol) b b b b

/
01
K h i t r o n chung F va F ' r o i cho qua dung dich Br2 chi c6 C2H4 b i giCf l a i .
Vay chat r a n Y gom 2 mudi C H 2 = C H - C 0 0 N a v^ HCOONa, con h6n

oc
1 75
hop hori Z chufa 2 andehit C H 3 C H O va C H O - C H 2 - C H O

iH
mc,H. = 1-75 (gam) ^ n,^„^ = = 0,0625 (mol)

Da
Vdri dung dich AgNOa/NHs, 2 andehit cho phan ijfng: (thu gon)

hi
CH3CHO > CH3COONH4 + 2Ag; +) Neu la trtfofng hofp I (dif H2), C2H4 chi do F cung cap.

nT
n„ „ = - = 0,0625 (mol) ^ c = 0,125 (mol) (3)
(mol) b • b 2b

uO
ie
CHO-CH2-CHO > CH2(COONH4)2 + 4 A g i TO (1) ^ b = = 1^140025 ^ Q^25 (mol) B

iL
(mol) c c 4c

Ta
s/
TCr (2) ^ a = - = ^ = 0,125 (mol) A
nAg = 2b + 4c = = 1 (1)

up
^ 108

ro
36
Dung dich Z' chijfa 2 chat hOfu ccf la CH3COONH4 va CH2(COONH4)2 Kiem chtJng: a + b + c = 0,125 + 0,25 + 0,125 = 0,5 = — (phti hgp)

/g
/z
K h i dien phan d anot ta c6 phan ijfng oxi hoa 2 anion.
om
y a y hon hgp X chufa: 0,125 mol C H 2 = C H - C 0 0 H
.c

2CH.,C00 - 2e -> 2C02t + CzHet 0,25 mol H - C 0 0 C H = C H 2

ok
bo

(mol) 0,5b 0,125 mol C H O - C H 2 - C H O

ce

0,125 100
2 OOC - CH„ - COO 2e -> 4CO2 t + C2H4T X
= 25% va %B = 50%
fa

% A = %C =
1,5
w.

(mol) 0,5c
ww

) Trtfofng hdp I I
HSn h g p k h i F gom 2 c h a t hufu ccf CgHe ( - mol); C2H4 ( - mol) v a CO2.
C2H4 do F va G cung cap nen n^, „^ = a - b + | = 0,0625 (3')
2 2
K h i nung c h a t rSn Y vdri NaOH, t a c6:
ir (2') va (3') ^ b + - = 0,0625 (mol)
• C H 2 = C H - C 0 0 N a + NaOH > C2H4t + Na2C03 2
(mol) a a ;: hg phiWng t r i n h : 2b + c = 0,125 va 2b + 4c = 1

HCOONa + N a O H > Hgt + Na2C03 c = 0,292 va b am loai triJcfng hgfp nay.

(mol) b b c) nNaOH = a + b - 0,375 (mol) => mNaOH = 0,375 x 40 = 15 (gam).

A7
 ll SACCAROZa - C,2H220„
CHl/dNG I I .
1. Phan iJtng cua ancol da chvtc v&i mot so hidroxit kim logi:

CACBOHIORAT Trong dung dich, saccaroza phdn itng vdi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dich ddng
saccarat mau xanh lam. Saccaroza tdc dung vdi vdi sifa cho cai^xi
sacarat tan trong nifdc. Tinh chat nay du'cfc dp dung trong qua trinh
sdn xudt vd tinh che difdng.
A. KIEN THLfC CAN NH6
2. Phdn ihig thuy phan:
L GLUCOZa
C,2H220u + H2O > CaHj20o + CoH,20r,

/
1. Tinh chat cua ancol da chvtc:
glucoza fructoza

01
a) Tdc dung vdi Cu(OH)2: Phdn ii'ng thuy phdn saccaroza cQng xdy ra khi c6 xuc tdc enzim.

oc
O nhiet do thifdng, glucozd da phdn vtng vdi Cu(OH)2 cho phifc dong

iH
III. TINH BOT, (CeHu,Os)n
glucoza CU(CBHUOB)2 titang tii nhiiglixerol. 1. Phan vtng thuy phan:

Da
Dun nong tinh bot trong dung dich axit vd ca lodng se thu diiac glucoza-.

hi
2C6Hi20e + Cu(OH)2 > (CBHi20e)2Cu + 2H2O

nT
b) Phdn ling tao este: (CrMwO,}n + nH20 > nCoH,20,

uO
Trong ca the ngitai vd dong vat, tinh hot bi thuy phan tgo thanh
Glucoza CO the tao este chiia 5 goc axit axetic trong phdn tit khi tham

ie
glucoza nhd cdc enzim.
gia phdn itng vdi anhidrit axetic [CHsCOJzO khi c6 mat piridin.

iL
2. Phdn vtng mau v&i iot:
2. Tinh chat cua andehit dOn ch^c:

Ta
Do cdu tgo mgch d dgng xodn cd 16 rong, tinh bot hap thu iot cho
a) Oxi hoa glucozd bang dung dich AgNOj trong amoniac (phdn ling

s/
mail xanh luc. Khi dun nong thi mau xanh bi mat, de ngugi thi mau
xanh xudt hien.

up
trdng bgc):
IV. XENLULOZa

ro
Dung dich AgNOj trong NH3 dd oxi hoa glucoza tao thanh muoi amoni
1. Phan vfng thiiy phan
/g
gluconat vd bgc kim logi bdm vdo thanh dng nghiem. om
(CoH^oOs),, + nH20 ^"'"^ > nCBHj20B
HOCH2[CHOH]4CHO + 2AgN03 + 3NH3 + H2O —>
.c

glucoza
ok

HOCH2[CHOH]4COONH4 + 2Agi + 2NH4NO3 2. Phdn ii'ng este hoa vdi axit nitric:
bo

Amoni gluconat [CsHy02(OH)3]n + SuHNOj , ^"•"•^^"4dac , [c,Hy02(ON02)3]n + 3nH20

ce

b) Oxi hoa bdng Cu(OH)2: xenluloza trinitrat

fa

HOCH2lCHOH]4CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH —> Xenluloza trinitrat rat de chdy vd no mgnh khong sinh ra khdi nen no
w.

du'gc dimg 1dm thudc sung khong khdi.

ww

HOCH2[CHOH]4COONa + Cu^ol (do ggch) + 3H2O

natri gluconat
B.BAI TAP AP DUNG
c) Khiiglucoza bdng hidro: ^ ^ i 1. Viet cac phan tfng theo sof do chuyen ddi sau day:
Saccaroza canxi saccarat saccarozcf glucozo n/gfu etylic
CH20H[CHOH]4CHO + H2 —> CH20H[CHOH]4CH20H axit axetic —> natri axetat metan andehit fomic.
sobitol ^ a i 2. Viet phi/ang t r i n h phan ufng theo scf do tao t h a n h va chuy§'n hoa
3. Phan ling len men: Khi cd enzim xiic tdc, glucoza trong dung dich t i n h hot sau day:
len men cho ancol etylic vd khi cacbonic:
, 0 CO2 — ( C e H i o O s X , — ^ C12H22OU — ^ C6H12O6
CoHM > 2C2H,OH + 2C02"[ • — C 2 H 5 O H
^ > DUONG HrtA Hfir. 19
B a i 3. H a y n h a n b i e t cac h o p c h a t t r o n g m o i day sau day hkng phLfcfng p a i 12. LUOng m u n ctfa (chufa 5 0 % Ik xenlulozo) cfin 1^ bao n h i e u de s d n
p h d p h o a hoc: x u a t 1 t a n C2H5OH, b i e t h i e u suat ca qua t r i n h d a t 7 0 % .
a ) FructozO, p h e n o l . Bai 13- T i e n h a n h t h u y p h a n 324 gam t i n h bot c6 xuc tAc a x i t v d i hieu suat cua

b) Glucozcr, g l i x e r o l , m e t a n o l . p h a n i i n g 75%. H a y t i n h k h o i li/gmg glucozo t h u diTcfc sau p h a n ufng.

c ) Fructozcf, f o m a n d e h i t , etanol. Bai 14- B o t chay h o a n t o a n 0,01 m o l m o t c a c b o h i d r a t X t h u dugc 5,28 g a m

B a i 4. T r i n h b a y each n h a n b i e t cac hgfp c h a t t r o n g d u n g d i c h cua m 5 i day CO2 va 1,98 g a m H2O.

sau day b a n g phi/ang p h a p h o a hoc: a ) T i m c o n g thufc p h a n tuf cua X, b i e t r k n g t i le k h o i l i f o n g H v ^ O

a ) Glucozcf, g l i x e r o l , e t a n o l , a x i t axetic; t r o n g A l a : m n : m o = 0,125 : 1

/
01
b) Xac d i n h c o n g thufc cau t a o va goi t e n X, bi6't r k n g 1,71 g a m c h a t X
b ) Fructozor, g l i x e r o l , e t a n o l ;

oc
t h u y p h a n v d i d u n g d i c h a x i t c l o h i d r i c r o i cho t a t ca s a n p h a m t h u
c ) Glucozcf, f o m a n d e h i t , e t a n o l , a x i t axetic. »

iH
difoc t^c d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h AgNOg t r o n g N H 3 d u t h u dtfcfc 1,08 gam
B a i 5. D u n g m o t h o a c h a t l a m thuo'c t h t f de p h a n b i e t d u n g d i c h cac hoa

Da
bac. B i e t p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n .
c h a t t r o n g cdc d a y sau hkng p h u o n g p h a p h o a hoc.

hi
Bai 15. D o t chay h o a n t o a n 0,855 g a m m o t cha't difdng t h i t h u dvtac

nT
a ) D u n g d i c h saccarozcf, mantozcf.
1,32 g a m 0 0 2 va 0,495 g a m H2O. P h a n tijf k h o i cua di/Cfng tr§n gap

uO
b) Rtfcfu e t y l i c , diictng cu cai, difdng m a c h n h a .
1,9 I a n p h a n tuf k h o i glucozcf. T i m cong thufc cua difdng.

ie
B a i 6. C h i d u n g 1 thuo'c thtf, h a y p h a n b i e t cac d u n g d i c h c h a t r i e n g biet:
HifdNG DAN GIAI

iL
Saccarozcf, m a n t o z o , e t a n o l va f o m a l i n .

Ta
Bai 1. P h a n ufng:
B a i 7. D o t chay hoan toan 0,171 gam mot chat difcmg ngiicfi t a diicfc 0,264 gam

s/
CO2 va 0,099 gam H2O. P h a n tijf Itfcfng cua no b a n g 342. Neu cho 0,171 gam C12H22O11 + C a ( 0 H ) 2 > C12H22O11.CaO.H2O

up
chat dUofng do tac dung vdi dung dich a x i t clohidric, r o i cho san pham C12H22O11.CaO.H2O + CO2 > C12H22O11 + C a C O g ^ + H2O

ro
glucozcf t h u difgc tac dung vcfi dung dich AgNOg t r o n g amoniac t h i t h u di/oc

/g
C12H22O11 + H2O > C6H12O6 + CsHiaOe
0,108 gam bac. H a y cho biet cong thijfc p h a n ttf va cong thtfc cau tao cua
om
(Glucoza) (Fructoza)
• chat diicfng do.
.c

B a i 8. H o n hcfp m g a m g o m glucozcf va fructozcf t^c d u n g vdri li/cfng diT dung C6H12O6 3,^"gc > 2C2H5OH + 2 C 0 2 t
ok

d i c h AgNOs/NHs t a o r a 4,32 g a m A g . C u n g m g a m h o n h o p n a y tac

bo

C2H5OH + O2 Z^-Sc > C H 3 C O O H + H2O

dung h e t v d i 0,8 g a m Br2 t r o n g d u n g d i c h n\J6c. H a y t i n h so mol
ce

VLfa
fa

ciia glucozcf v a fructozcf t r o n g h o n h o p b a n dau. CH3COOH + N a O H ^ C H g C O O N a + H2O

w.

B a i 9, T h u y p h a n h o a n t o a n 62,5 g a m d u n g d i c h saccarozo 1 7 , 1 % t r o n g
CHaCOONa + N a O H ^ a O j ^ ^^^^^ ^ ^a.COs
ww

m 6 i t r U d n g a x i t t a t h u diTcfc d u n g d i c h X. Cho AgNOa/NHs vao dung

d i c h X v a d u n n h e t h u dtfOc k h o i li/ofng bac l a bao n h i e u ? + O2 cacox.tnita yj^Q^Q + H^O

B a i 10. NgUcfi t a d u n g 1 t a n k h o a i chufa 7 5 % h o t v a b o t n a y c6 chufa 209f Bai 2. G i a i d o a n nao c6 t h e t h i i c h i e n diigfc n h 6 xuc t^c a x i t ?
nUdfc de l a m rtfou. Kho'i lifcfng r i e n g cua rUgfu l a 0,8 g/ml. T i n h t h e t i c h
(1) 6 n C 0 2 + 5 n H 2 0 > iCellMn + 6n02t
mgu 95°' d i e u che diicfc.
B a i 11. Cho m g a m t i n h b o t l e n m e n t h a n h ancol etylic vdri h i e u suat 8 1 % .
(2) 2(C5Hio05)„ + n H 2 0 > nCi2H220ii
T o a n bo CO2 s i n h r a h a p t h u h o a n t o a n vao d u n g d i c h C a ( 0 H ) 2 t h u

diiac 550 g a m k e t t u a va d u n g dich X. D u n n o n g d u n g d i c h X l a i t h u (3) C12H22O11 + H2O —> 2C6H12O6

t h e m 100 g a m k e t t u a nOfa. Xac d i n h k h o i l u o n g t i n h b o t dem dung. (4) c , H i 2 0 6 > 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

I DlffiMc Hfii Hnr ^7
51
lai 3. b ) D i f & n g cu c a i chufa saccarozcf, dtf&ng m a c h n h a chufa m a n t o z a . Cho 3
d u n g d i c h t r e n vao 3 o n g n g h i e m chufa Cu(OH)2 v a d u n n o n g , ong
a) - Fructozor hoa t a n Cu(OH)2 cho d u n g d i c h phufc m a u x a n h l a m
( p h e n o l k h o n g c6 p h a n uTng). n g h i e m cho d u n g d i c h m a u x a n h l a m l a o n g n g h i e m chufa saccaroza,

- Dung dung dich brom de nhan biet phenol tao ket tua tr^ng 6 n g n g h i e m c6 k e t t u a m a u do gach chufa dtforng m a c h n h a , con ong
(fructozcf k h o n g p h a n ijfng). n g h i e m k h o n g c6 h i g n ttfcfng g i chufa rtfOu e t y l i c .

b) - D u n g p h a n uTng t r a n g bac de n h a n r a d u n g d i c h glucozo (c^c chat 2C12H22O11 + C u ( 0 H ) 2 > Cu(Ci2H2iOii)2 + 2H2O

khac k h o n g p h a n ufng).
P h a n t ^ mantozcf (dtforng m a c h n h a ) do h a i goc glucozcf l i e n k e t v 6 i n h a u
- D u n g C u ( 0 H ) 2 de p h a n b i e t g l i x e r o l vdri m e t a n o l .

/
qua n g u y e n tijf o x i . V i n h o m " - 0 H " h e m i a x e t a l a goc glucozcf thuf 2 con

01
c) - D u n g C u ( 0 H ) 2 de n h a n bie't fructozcf (cac chat khac k h o n g p h a n dng).
ttf do n e n t r o n g d u n g d i c h , goc n a y m d v o n g tao r a n h o m - C H = 0 nen

oc
- D u n g p h a n ufng t r a n g bac de p h a n b i e t fomandehit v d i etanol.
tAc d u n g vdfi C u ( 0 H ) 2 k h i d u n n o n g cho CU2O k e t t i i a m a u do gach.

iH
ai 4. a ) T r i c h m 6 i c h a t m o t i t l a m m l u thtf.
Bai 6. C h o n t h u o c thuf C u ( 0 H ) 2 / 0 H ' .

Da
N h i i n g quy t i m I a n l i f g t vao cac m a u t h t f t r e n .
- D u n g C u ( 0 H ) 2 n g u o i n h a n r a saccarozcf v a m a n t o z d (do t a o phufc t a n

hi
- M S u thijf l a m quy t i m h o a do 1^ a x i t axetic.
m a u x a n h l a m ) ( n h o m 1).

nT
- B a m a u t h t f c6n l a i k h o n g c6 h i e n tiigng.
- C o n e t a n o l v a f o m a l i n k h o n g p h a n ufng ( n h o m 2).

uO
Cho C u ( 0 H ) 2 I a n lucft vao ba mAu thuf con l a i .
- Cho m a u thuf d m o i n h o m tac d u n g vcfi C u ( 0 H ) 2 c6 d u n n o n g .

ie
- M l u thuf k h o n g c6 h i e n tUcfng g i l a e t a n o l .

iL
- C h a t p h a n ufng, t a o k e t t i i a do g a c h l a mantozor ( d o i vcfi n h o m 1) v a
- H a i m S u thijf con l a i tao d u n g d i c h m a u x a n h , sau do d u n n h e h a i

Ta
f o m a l i n ( d o i v d i n h o m 2).
dung dich nay.

s/
Tif do suy r a c h a t con l a i of m 5 i n h o m .
+) D u n g d i c h t a o k e t t u a do gach l a glucozcf.

up
+) D u n g d i c h v S n m a u x a n h l a g l i x e r o l . Bai 7. T a c6: mc = ^ ^f^"^ = 0,072 (gam); m e = = 0,011 (gam)

ro
b ) T r i c h m 6 i c h a t m o t i t l a m m a u thijf. 11 y
Cho Cu(0H)2 v a m o t i t k i e m I a n Itfcft vao cac mSu thtf t r e n v a d u n nhe.
/g m o = 0 , 1 7 1 - (0,072 + 0,011) = 0,088 (gam)
om
- M a u t h t f k h o n g c6 h i e n tiicfng l a e t a n o l . G o i c o n g thufc dtfcfng l a CxHyOz t a c6:
.c

- M a u thijf v a n c6 m a u x a n h l a g l i x e r o l . 12x _ _y_ _ 16z _ M

ok

- M a u thuf b a n dau c6 m a u x a n h , sau do tao k e t t i i a do g a c h k h i d u n ~ mjj ~ mo m

bo

nong la fructozof.
ce

342 X 0,088 ,, 342 X 0 , 0 1 1 „^ 342 x 0,072 ^_

c ) C h o g i a y quy t i m vao cac d u n g d i c h chiifa cac h o a c h a t t r e n , d u n g => z = = 11; y = = 22; X = = 12
fa

16x0,171 ^ 0,171 12x0,171

d i c h nao c h u y e n m a u quy t i m t h a n h do l a a x i t axetic. Sau do, cho
w.

C o n g thufc p h a n tuf ciia dtfcfng: C12H22O11.

C u ( 0 H ) 2 v^o ba m a u t h t f con l a i .
ww

C12H22O11 l a saccarozcf hoac m a n t o z o k h i tac d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h H C l

- M a u thijf t a o d u n g d i c h m a u x a n h l a glucoza.
d u n n o n g v a t h u y p h a n deu cho r a glucozcf.
- H a i mSu thtf con l a i k h o n g c6 h i e n ttfomg g i la: H C H O va C 2 H 5 O H
Dun n o n g h a i m S u thuf n a y , m a u thtf t a o k e t t u a do g a c h l a H C H O , P h a n ufng t r a n g gtfofng cua glucozo:

con l a i l a C2H5OH. C H 2 0 H - ( C H O H ) 4 - C H O + 2 A g N 0 3 + 3 N H 3 + H2O >

i 5. a ) Cho AgNOa t r o n g d u n g d i c h N H 3 vao 2 ong nghiem chufa C H 2 0 H - ( C H O H ) 4 - C O O N H 4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2 A g ^

saccaroza v a mantozcf r o i d u n n o n g , o n g n g h i e m nao c6 bac k i m l o a i T a c6: ngi,eoza = ^nAg = i x = 0,0005 ( m o l )
b a m vao t h a n h o n g n g h i e m t r o n g s a n g b o n g ( p h a n ufng t r a n g gi/ong) 2 2 108

l a o n g n g h i e m chufa mantozcf, con d u n g d i c h t r o n g o n g n g h i e m k i a V a so m o l dtfcfng: = 0,0005 (mol) = ngi^cozo

k h o n g p h a n ufng l a saccarozof. 342
M I S ^ O N G HOA HOC 12 53
 11. P h ^ n ufng:
X 6 t phdn lifng thuy p h ^ n :
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 > C a C O g i + H2O
C12H22O11 + H2O ^^—^ > C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Saccarozd glucoza fructoza (mol) 5,5 5,5 <r- 5,5

C12H22O11 + H2O ) 2C6H12O6 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 > Ca(HC03)2

Mantozcf glucozcf (mol) 2 1 1 '

V a y c h a t d u d n g c a n t i m l a saccarozcf. CaHC03)2 > C a C O s I + C 0 2 t + H2O
Sai 8. P h a n i l n g : CgH.^Og + Ag^O > CgH.^O, + 2 A g ; (mol) 1 1
^ ^ n ^ o ^ = 5 , 5 + 2 = 7,5 (mol)

/
01
T a c6: n ^ ^ = ^ = 0,04 (mol)
(CeH.oOg)^ + n H ^ O ) nC,U,,0,

oc
C H 2 0 H ( C H O H ) 4 C H O + Brg + H2O ^ C H 2 0 H ( C H O H ) 4 C O O H + 2 H B r

iH
nCgHiaOe ^^nraenruau ^ 2nC2H50H + 2nC02

Da
^ n , = n„ = = 0,005 (mol) Tii 2 phifcfng t r i n h t r e n , t a c6 scf do:

hi
glucoza BFJ \Q0
0,04 (CeilroO.K > SnCO^

nT
%ucto.o = ^ - 0 ' 0 0 5 = 0,015(mol).
2 (gam) 162n 88n

uO
!ai 9. P h d n lifng: 7,5x44

ie
(gam)
0,81

iL
Ci2H220n + H2O — ) C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

Ta
Saccarozcf glucozcf fructoza 162n X 7,5 x 44 , ,
=> X = = 750 (gam).

s/
(mol) a a a
0,81 X 88n

up
C a glucozcf vk fructozcf deu t r a n g bac => nAg = 2.(a + a) = 4a Bai 12. G o i x \k so m o l xenlulozcf:

ro
, 62,5 X 17,1% r^^oKr ^^
(CeHioOs),, + nHaO > nC6Hi206 (glucozcf)
nAg = 4.nsaccaroz<j = 4. = 0,125 (mol)

/g CeHiaOe ) 2 C 2 H 5 O H + 2CO2
om
=> rnAg = 0,125 x 108 = 13,5 (gam).
T L T t i le p h a n ufng t a C O :
.c

Jai 10. P h a n ufng: ' >

ok

nnrou = 2ngK,cozo = 2 X n X nxenUiiozo = 2n.x (mol)

(C6Hio05)n + n H 2 0 — ) nC6Hi206
70
bo

So m o l C2H5OH l a : nc^HgOH = 2n x x x = 1,4 x nx

CgHizOe ) 2C2H5OH + 2 C 0 2 t
100
ce

(C6H,o05)„ > nC6Hi206 > 2nC2H50H 1000000 , , 15528 ,

fa

« = 1,4.n.x =>xx (mol)

w.

46 n
K h o i laang b 6 t t r o n g k h o a i : ^ -10^ = "^^.lO^ (g)
ww

Suy r a k h d i l i f a n g x e n l u l o z o 1^: x 162n = 2 5 1 5 5 3 6 (gam)

n
Khol iLfOng t i n h b6t nguyen cha't: - ^ ^ ^ = 60. l O ' (g)
=> rn^un cua = 25155,36 x 2 = 5031072 (g) 5,031 (tan)

Qua scf d6 ^ nar<ju = 2n x ntinhbpt = 2n.-^^^ = 0,74.10* ( m o l ) Bai 13. P h a n ufng:

(C,H,,0,)„+nH,0 )nC,H,,Q,
Ibzn
K h d i lifgng ri/Ou n g u y e n c h a t : 0,74.10''.46 = 34,04.10" (g)
(gam) 162n n x 180
The' t i c h rirgu n g u y e n chS't: ^'^'^^^^^ = 42,55.10* ( m l ) (gam) 324 x
0,8 •
V i H = 7 5 % => m , = X = 324^11^ x ^ = 270 (gam).
T h I t i c h vuau 95°: ^^'^^-^"^ .100 = 44,8.10* ( m l ) = 448 ( l i t )
glucoza ;^g2n 100
95 Bfil DU0NG H6A HOC 12
iA B6| D U O N G HdA HOC 12
 a i 14. a ) D a t c 6 n g thufc p h a n tii c i i a c a c b o h i d r a t X Ik CJi O,
C. BAI TAP NANG CAO
P h u a n g t r i n h h o a hoc:
Bai 1. D o t chay h o a n t o a n 0,171 g a m m o t chat dufirng ngufiri t a ducfc 0,264 g a m
y z C O 2 v a 0,099 g a m H2O. P h a n t\i lugng cua no b a n g 342. N e u cho 0,171 g a m
Op -> X C O 2 +
x + ^^^
c h a t difcfng do t a c d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h a x i t c l o h i d r i c , r o i cho s a n p h a m
4 2
(mol) 1 glucozo t h u diiOc t a c d u n g v 6 i d u n g d i c h A g N O s t r o n g a m o n i a c t h i t h u
X 0,5y
(mol) 0,01 diJgrc 0,108 g a m bac. H a y cho b i e t cong thufc p h a n tuf v a c o n g thufc ca'u
0,12 0,11
tao cua c h a t diicfng d o .
T i f l a p l u a n t r e n t a c6 x = 12; y = 22.
Bai 2. T i n h k h o i lurgng ancol e t y l i c t h u difcfc tiT:
Theo d ^ b a i : ^ = ^^lll 22 a) M o t t a n ngo chufa 65% t i n h bot, hieu suat p h a n l i n g l e n m e n d a t 80%.

/
01
mo '
b ) M o t t a n m u n ciia chufa 50% x e n l u l o z o , h i e u suat cua ca q u a t r i n h

oc
22 22 176 t h u y p h a n x e n l u l o z o v a l e n m e n glucozo t h a n h rtfofu d a t 70%.
= 0,125- m o = = 176

iH
m •H 0,125 n„= — = 11.
Bai 3. T i n h k h o i liicfng glucozo t a o t h a n h k h i t h u y p h a n :

Da
C o n g thufc p h a n tuT X : C12H22O11. a ) 1 k g b o t gao c6 8 0 % t i n h h o t c o n l a i l a t a p c h a t t r o .

hi
b ) Cha't X t h u y p h a n t r o n g d u n g d i c h H C I , s a n p h a m sau p h a n iJng b) 1 k g m u n cifa c6 5 0 % x e n l u l o z o , c o n l a i l a t a p c h a t t r o .

nT
t h a m g i a p h a n uTng t r a n g bac, s a n p h a m l a glucoza. c ) 1 k g saccarozo.

uO
G i a t h i e t r S n g cac p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n .

ie
C H 2 0 H [ C H O H ] 4 C H O + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH ^
Bai 4. T i f 1 0 k g gao n e p (c6 8 0 % t i n h h o t ) , k h i l e n m e n se t h u dtfoc bao

iL
C H 2 0 H [ C H O H ] 4 C O O N H 4 + 2 A g l + S N H g t + H2O n h i e u l i t c o n 9 6 ° ? B i e t r k n g h i e u suat cua qua t r i n h l e n m e n d a t 80%

Ta
(gam) 180 216 v a c o n 9 6 ° c6 k h o i luTcfng r i e n g D = 0,807 g / m l .

s/
(gam) 0,9 , 1^08 Bai 5. M o t n h a m a y t i e n h a n h l e n m e n glucozo de t h u difou rUcfu. D e dieu

up
C o n g thufc p h a n tuf \k C i 2 H 2 2 0 n c h i Ik saccarozcy v i k h i b i t h u y p h a n che 1 l i t d u n g d i c h ancol e t y l i c 4 0 ° ( d = 0,8 g / m l ) , h i e u suat H = 80%

ro
t r o n g m o i tri/cjng cho glucozor vk fructozcf. K e t l u a n n a y p h u h g p v6i t h i k h o i l i / g n g glucozo c a n l a bao n h i e u ?

/g Bai 6, NgLfdi t a d u n g 1 t a n k h o a i chufa 75% b o t v a b o t n a y c6 chufa 20%

om
dQ k i e n de b a i cho.
nudrc de l a m nfOu. K h o i l i i o n g r i e n g ciia vxian l a 0,8 g / m l . T i n h t h e t i c h
.c

Ci2H220n + H2O > C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

rifcfu 9 5 ° d i e u che dugc.
ok

fructoza glucoza Bai 7. C h o m g a m t i n h b o t l e n m e n t h a n h ancol e t y l i c vdri h i e u suat 8 1 % .

bo

(gam) 342 180 180 T o a n bo C O 2 s i n h r a h a p t h u h o a n t o a n v a o d u n g d i c h Ca(0H)2thu

ce

(gam) m 0,9 Mac 550 g a m k e t t u a v a d u n g d i c h X . D u n n o n g d u n g d i c h X l a i t h u

fa

t h e m 100 g a m k e t t u a niJa. X a c d i n h k h o i l i / o n g t i n h b o t d e m d u n g .
w.

=> m = 1,71 g a m ( p h u h o p v d i k h o i liTcfng de b a i cho).

B a i 8. Lufong m u n ciia (chufa 5 0 % l a xenlulozo) c a n l a bao n h i e u de s a n x u a t
ww

l i 15. T a c6: mc = ^ x m c o , = 0,36 (gam); mH = ^ x mn^o = 0,055 (gam)

1 t a n C2H5OH, b i e t h i e u suat ca qua t r i n h d a t 70%.
=^ m o = 0,855 - 0,36 - 0,055 = 0,44 ( g a m ) Bai 9. T a i m o t n h a m a y s a n x u a t ru'Ou d Q u a n g N g a i , cuf 12 t a n t i n h b o t se
G o i cong thufc t d n g q u a t : C ^ H y O , ( M = 1,9 x 180 = 3 4 2 ) s a n x u a t di/gc 1,8 t a n e t a n o l . H o i h i e u suat cua q u a t r i n h d i e u che r i i g u

12x 16z cua n h k m a y t r e n ?

Lap t i le: _ _ 342
= 400 ;B4i 10. D e s a n x u a t ancol e t y l i c , ngtfcri t a d u n g n g u y e n l i e u l a m u n c\ia v a
0,36 0, 055 0,44 0,855
v6 bao t i f g5 chufa 5 0 % x e n l u l o z o . N e u m u o n d i e u che' 1 t a n ancol e t y l i c j
= > X = 12; y = 22; z = 11 h i e u suat q u ^ t r i n h l a 70%, t h i k h o i l i / g n g n g u y e n l i e u m a n h a m a y
V a y cong thufc p h a n tuf: C12H22O11. can d u n g l a bao n h i e u ?
Bdl Ol/dNG HdA HOC 12
Bfil DU8NG H 6 A H O C 12
[ 11. T i n h k h o ' i l u g n g glucozcf d e m l e n m e n , b i e t rkng k h i cho t o ^ n b6 p^i 18. H 6 a t a n h o a n t o a n 3,42 g a m h o n h o p saccarozcf, m a n t o z o vac nUdc,
san pham k h i hap thu hoan toan vao 1 l i t dung dich N a O H 2M p h a l o a n g t h a n h 100 m l . 1/10 d u n g dich. n a y l a m ma't m a u v i f a du 10 m l
(d = 1,05 g/ml) thi thu diiOc d u n g d i c h h o n h o p h a i muo'i c6 n o n g do d u n g d i c h nufdrc b r o m 0 , 0 5 M . T i n h h a m lufgng % t h e o k h d i Itrgng h o n
1 2 , 2 7 % . H i e u s u a t c u a qua t r i n h l e n m e n l a 7 0 % . h g p dau. N e u d u n n o n g d u n g d i c h k h i c6 m a t H C l d e n p h a n ufng t h i i y
i 12. D o t c h a y h o a n t o a n 0,01 m o l m o t c a c b o h i d r a t X t h u dtfoc 5,28 gam p h a n h o a n t o a n r o i m d i cho tac d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h nifdc b r o m t h i 10 m l
CO2 va 1,98 g a m H2O. d u n g d i c h l a m ma't m a u bao n h i e u m l d u n g d i c h b r o m 0 , 0 5 M ?
a) T i m c o n g thijfc p h a n tuf ciia X, b i e t r a n g t i le khol liJOng H va O pal 19- H o a t a n 4,32 g a m h o n h g p m a n t o z o v a glucozo vao ni/dc, p h a l o a n g
t r o n g A l a : m n : m o = 0,125 : 1 t h a n h 100 m l d u n g d i c h . La'y 10,0 m l d u n g d i c h t h i f c h i e n p h a n ufng

/
b) Xac d i n h c o n g thufc cau tao g o i t e n X , b i e t r a n g 1,71 g a m c h a t X t r a n g bac tao t h a n h 324 m g A g k e t t i i a . N e u d e m t h u y p h a n h o a n t o a n

01
thiiy phan vcfi d u n g d i c h a x i t c l o h i d r i c r o i cho tat ca san p h a m t h u dtfgc h o n h g p trufdc k h i d e m t r a n g bac t h i 10,0 m l d u n g d i c h t r e n se t a o r a

oc
tac d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h A g N O s t r o n g N H 3 d n t h u dtfgc 1,08 gam bac. k h d i l i i g n g A g l a bao nhieu?

iH
B i e t p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n . HlfCfNG DAN GIAI

Da
i 13. D o t c h a y ho^n t o a n 0,0855 g a m m o t c a c b o h i d r a t X. S a n p h a m dLfOc

hi
Bai 1. T a c6: mc = = o,072 (gam); mH = = 0,011 (gam)
dSn vao ntfdfc v o i t r o n g t h u diioc 0,1 g a m k e t t i i a va dung dich A, dong

nT
t h ^ i k h o i l u g n g d u n g d i c h t a n g 0,0815 g a m . D u n n o n g d u n g d i c h A l a i m o = 0 , 1 7 1 - (0,072 + 0,011) = 0,088 (gam)

uO
difcrc 0 , 1 g a m k e t tiia nufa. 12x y 16z M

ie
Gpi c o n g thufc d i i d n g l a C^HyOz t a c6:
a ) T i m c o n g thdc p h a n tijf cua X , b i e t r a n g k h i l a m bay h o i 0,4104 g a m m^j m

iL
HIQ HIQ

X t h u diicfc t h e t i c h k h i d u n g hkng t h e t i c h 0,0552 g a m h 6 n h o p h o i

Ta
3 4 2 x 0,088 342 x 0 , 0 1 1 „^
r i / g u e t y l i c v a a x i t fomic d o t r o n g c i j n g d i e u k i e n . z = =11; y = = 22;

s/
16x0,171 0,171
b ) Xac d i n h c o n g thufc cau t a o ciia X , b i e t rkng 3,42 g a m cha't X tac

up
dung VLfa du v d i 2 5 0 m l C H 3 C O O H 0 , 3 2 M . ^ 3 4 2 X 0,072 ^ ^2

ro
i 14. Saccarozo c6 t h e tao r a este chufa 8 gdc a x i t axetic t r o n g p h a n tuf. ^~ 12 X 0,171

/g
C o n g thufc p h a n tuf cua este nay la gi? C o n g thufc p h a n tiif cua dacrng: C12H22O11.
om
i 15. D o t c h a y h o a n t o a n 16,2 g a m m o t c a c b o h i d r a t X t h u diToc 13,44 l i t C12H22O11 la saccarozcf hoac m a n t o z o k h i tdc d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h H C l
.c

k h i CO2 ( d k t c ) v a 9 g a m nifdc. dun n d n g l a t h i i y p h a n deu cho r a glucozcf.

ok

a ) T i m c o n g thufc d o n g i a n n h a t ciia X v a X t h u o c l o a i cacbohidat nao P h a n ufng t r a n g giicfng ciia glucozo:

bo

d a hoc? C H 2 0 H - ( C H O H ) 4 - C H O + 2 A g N 0 3 + 3NH3 + H2O

ce

b ) D u n 16,2 g a m x e n l u l o z o t r o n g d u n g d i c h a x i t t h u duoc d u n g d i c h Y. C H 2 0 H - ( C H O H ) 4 - C O O N H 4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag4

fa

Cho Y tac d u n g v d i l i i g n g d i i d u n g d i c h A g N O a / N H s t h u dtr0c bao n h i e u

w.

ng„eo.a = JnAg = i X ^ = 0,0005 ( m o l )

g a m A g . G i a suf h i e u sua't ciia qua t r i n h b a n g 8 0 % .
ww

A Z iUo
i 16, Cho 4 cha't hOfu c o X , Y , Z, T , oxi h o a h o a n tokn tUng cha't deu cho
V a sd m o l d i f d n g : = 0,0005 (mol) — Ilglucozo
c u n g k e t qua: cuf t a o r a 4,4 g a m CO2 t h i k e m t h e o 1,8 g a m H2O v a can 342
m o t t h e t i c h o x i v i ^ a d i i n g b a n g t h e t i c h CO2 t h u duoc. T i l e p h a n ti( X e t p h a n ufng t h i i y p h a n :
k h d i cua X) Y , Z, T b a n g 6 : 1 : 3 : 2 va s o n g u y e n t u cacbon t r o n g m o i
C12H22O11 + H2O "'-^^ ) C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
cha't k h o n g n h i e u h o n 6. Xac d i n h cong thufc p h a n tuf cua X , Y , Z, T.
Saccaroza glucoza fructoza
1 17. D e m 1000 ta'n bong chufa 9 5 % xenlulozor thiTc h i e n p h a n ufng hoa
este v d i a n h i d r i t axetic, t r o n g do ^6 3 0 % x e n l u l o z o tao t h a n h diaxetat C l 2 H 2 2 0 i i + H2O > 2C6H12O6
xenlulozof, 6 0 % x e n l u l o z o tao t h a n h t r i a x e t a t xenlulozo. T i n h k h d i lirgng Mantoza glucoza
hdn hop san pham thu dirge.
V a y cha't d u d n g c a n t i m la saccarozO.
Bdi OI/SNG H6A HOC 12 I DUflNG H6A HOC 12 59