A ND

A M E MB E R OF THE FIRM O F LE W I S CO .
,

C R UT C H E D F R IA R S , LO N D O N .

F O U RT H E D IT IO N .

LO ND N O

E DE N FISHE R Co .
, 5 0, LO M B A RD Sn , 9 6 9 7 , F E N C H U RC H S T
-
.
, E C . .
 CONT EN TS .

IN R D U C I N
T O T O

TEA I N N G LAN D E

I RY
H ST O A OF T HE T E T RA D E

T HE TEA DU Y T

H IN MA KI N
T S ON TEA G

TEA A I IC
ST T ST S

Ip m gl —
or t s o f T ea i nt o E n a nd 1 6 1 04 8 4
1

F yY
T e a S t a t i st i c s for t he i ft e ars — 1 8 42 -
1 89 1

C I NA
H TEA

C l iv
u t a t i o n a nd M a nu fa c t u re

M ou i ng s
K a i so w s

N ew Mk a es

Oo l g
on s a nd S c e nt e d T ea s

G r ee n T e as

I N D I AN TEA

T e a i n nd i a I
C l iv
u t a t i o n a nd M a nu fa c t u re

I ndi a n T ea D i st r i c t s

C YL N T
E O EA

JAPAN AN D j V AS A A TE ETC

BL N D IN G
.
,

T EA E

SP C I M N B L N D S
E E E

S U MMAR AN D C O NC L U D I N G
Y H IN TS
 IN TRO D UCT I O N

T H E p re s e n t vo ume l is i n t e nd e d t o ig ve a ll

t h o se e n a e d
g g i n t he T e a T ra d e , w ho w ih
s to

t a ke i ll i g i
an nt e e nt i i
n t e re s t k n f t, a s e tc h o

i ts
g h
r ow t d an d v l p m e e o i h i
e nt
y n t s c o u nt r

an d a mp h
co re i vi f i p
e ns v e re ew o ts r e s e nt

sc o
p d
e an
p iosi t on b i gto g r nh m to et er a a ss

o f hi h t i
e rt o ib l f
na c c e s s e d d
a ct s il f an eta s o

p i l
ra c t c a i m p o r t a nc e h T
to d t ed ra e, an to

ig v h i e su c i hi
ns t ru c t o n s , d d i nt s an a v ce , on

t h bj
e su f b l di g
ect o en nh ll b l
,
as s a
y e na e ev e r

re a d er to i i h f ili y d g f
a t ta n w t ac t a e re e o

p fi
ro i c e nc
y i h
n t e h i h
a rtp w v i l
c
y l d re ous cou

on ly b i d by e a rr v e at a f l g
c o u rse d o on an

o f ten ly p i
c ost ex e r e nc e
 vii

NO p i
a ns h ave been s
p a re d in t he

ll i
co e ct on il h b
of m a t er h iia s, t e e st aut or t es

h ig
av n b een l d ih g d
c o nsu te ll
w t re ar to a

m a t t e rs hi h h h
on w c t e
p k
aut or c a nno t s ea

f m p
ro l p i
e rs o n a ex d ll i f m i
e r e nc e , a n a n or at on

i b
s h
ro u
g d t h l
ow n m
to t m e a t e st o e nt .

Th i fh g
e re v e w o i y f ki d f
t e re a t v a r e t O n s o

T hi g
e a re a c m kn f m Chi
ou r I di
ar et ro na , n a,

C yl e
j p
on, d
a
J v
an and h i d i
a a , an t e r re uc t on

to h m i bl d b i g h
ar on o u s en k f s e n t e w or o a

p i l
ra c t c a m i ll b
an, f dw l b el oun a va ua e

i
a ss s t a nc e
y b
tol d e ve r d en e r, a n w e t ru s t our

d
re a e rs , m ki g
on
p a i nl fa h ra c t c a t e st o t e

s ou nd f
ne s s o l i ll fi d i
ou r c o u ns e l , w n t re s u t

i g
n d l
re a t a n i g b fi h i d
a st n e ne t to t e r t ra e .

L O ND O N ,
1 89
4.
 TEA IN EN GL A N D .

HE earli est m enti on of t ea ou tsid e t he lit e r a tur e

,

of Chi n a is found i n t he writi n gs O f an Ar a bi a n

,

m erchant n am e d S olim a n w ho i n a n acc ou n t of hi s

, ,

trav els in t he East m or e th a n a th ousa nd years ag o ,

m e nti on s it as t he usual b e v e rage of t he Chi nes e .

With t he exc epti on of a m or e or l ess d oubtful r efe r en c e

in Ma rc o Pa ol o s Marv els i n t he W orld p u blish e d
’ “
,
”

i n t he thirt eenth c entury nea rly s eve n hu n dr e d

,

years el a ps e d b efor e it w a s aga i n h ea rd of i n

West ern lit e ratur e ; J e s u it missi on ari es havi n g i n
,

t he sixt e e nth c en tury p enetr at e d far i n t o t he East ,

br o ught b ack in form a ti on which w as p u blish e d by

,

Gi ovan n i B ot e r o a n I tali a n a u th or in 1 5 90 t o t he
, , ,

e ff ect th a t t he Chi nes e p oss ess a h erb ou t o f

“

which th ey pr ess a d elic at e j u ic e which s e rves th em

a s a dri n k i n st e ad of wi n e it als o pr es erv es t he h e alth
! ,

A
a nd fr e es th em f r om a llth os e evils which t he i m
m o d er a t e u se of wi ne pr o d u c e s am o ngst us .
”
Sh ortly
a ft e rw a r d s F a th e r R e cci o ne of t he b efo r e m enti on e d
-
,

J es u it missi o na ri es publish e d his L ett ers on Chi n a

“
, ,

givi ng fu rth e r acc ou nt of its n atur e a n d pr op erti es .

a

V agu e a n d inc orr e ct as t he i nform ati o n w a s it h d

.

,
a

t he e ffect Of stim u l ti n g i n qu
a iry ; a nd as tr a d e n d a

a dv e ntur e br o ught t heW est e r n n a ti on s i n t o c o nt ct

a

w ith t he Chi n es e a t v a ri ou s p o i nts s m a ll c o n sig n m en ts

,

of t e a gradually fo u n d th e ir w a y i n t o t he h n ds of a

E ur o p e n m erchants
a . T he str a n ge n ew c o mm odity

a t o n c e attr a ct e d c onsid er abl e att enti on a nd sp ec u l a

t ion ; n a tt e mpt
a w as m a d e i n “
Hi nts o n c ert a i n
p l a n ts
,
imp e r fe ctly k n o w n t o m o d e r n b ot a nists ,
”

u blish e d i n 1 6 1 2 t sh w th t Chi n was k n w n

p ,
o o a a o

t o t he R o m a n s a nd that a t th e ir fe asts th ey dr a n k
,

t ea fr o m c o stly v a s es .

I n t he ye ar 1 60 5 t he D u tch East I ndi a C ompa ny ,

t a ki n g adv a nt a g e of t he public curi o sity Conc e r n i n g

t his stra nge dri nk O f t he East i n struct e d th eir

,

a g e nts i n Ye dd o a n d M a ca o t o O bt a in a supply ,

a nd it i s said that one of th eir ag en ts with p erh aps

,

m or e shr ewd ness th a n h on esty impress e d o n t he

,

C hi nes e a n d Japa nes e that Eur op e also p oss ess ed

h erbs of w o ndr ous virtu e an d i n duc e d th em t o par t

,
.
w ith t ea i n e xcha n ge for e qual w eights of dri ed s a ge
a nd b or ge a pr ofitabl e strok e of busi ness which
a ,
i

w s c o mm en t e d on as foll o ws by Fath e r R o de s w ho
a ,

w r ot e i n 1 5 3 6 — I n Fr a nc e t he k n o wl e dg e of t ea
“

w as intr o duc e d by t he D utch w ho s old at Paris at ,

2 5/ e r lb t e a which had c o st th e m i n e xcha n g e

p .

s om e 2 d o r 2 5 d i n Chi n a
”
. . .

T he ne w drink h o w e v e r mad e but sl ow pr ogr e ss

, ,

a m o n gst t he W e st e r n nati on s a t first a nd t he r efe r en c es

,
”

t o t ea in Eur op ean writi n gs b efor e 1 6 50 ar e fe w a n d ,

s h o w that its qu a liti e s w e r e n ot by a n m e ans g e n e rally

y
k n o w n or ppr e ci a t e d
a I n 1 63 3 Olear i u s a G e rm a n
.
, ,

writ er d escrib es t ea as a stra n ge dri nk i n u s e

,

a m o n gst t he P ersians w ho Obtain e d it fr o m t he C h i n ese

,

b y m e a ns of t he U sb eck T ar tars and d e scrib e d it as a “

'

b l a ck wat er with an acrid tast e I n 1 6 3 9 t he Ru ssian

.
”

A mb a ssad or at t he C ourt of t he M o gul d eclin e d to

a cc e pt a pr e s e nt of t e a for his mast e r t he Cz a r stati n g

‘

, ,

it w ould only b e en cumb ering hi m with a c omm od ity

f or w h ich he had no u se . I
n 1 641 t he au th or of a
”

“
B
Tr e atis e on W a rm ee r wri ti ng t o r eco mm en d hot
,

i n pr efer e nc e t o c old dri n ks r efers to t ea only by

,

q uoti n g t he stat e m e n t o f t he J e suit M a ff e i that th ey ,

“

( t h e Chi nes e) do for t he m ost p a rt drink t he stra in e d

l i q u o r of a n h erb c a ll e d ‘
Chi a hot C o ntin ental
’
.
”
 4

d oct ors di ffe r e d wid ely as to its m erits and d em erits .

A L eyd en physici a n B ot enkoe hail e d it as an i nfallibl e

, ,

r e m e dy for a lm ost a ll dis eas es stati ng that i f m en

,
“

c ould b e pr evail ed up on t o drink e n ough of i t —his ”

i d ea of enough a pp ears to have b een t w o hundr e d

“ ”

c u ps daily t he i nnum e rabl e ills t o which m a nkind i s

subj ect w ould not on ly b e much dimi n ish ed but w ou ld ,

e n ti r ely dis appear . D r Waldsm eck Pr ofe ss or of

”
.
,

Physic a t Mar pu rg with equal enth u

,
si a sm ,c alls it t he “

d efenc e aga i n st t he E nemi es of H ealth— t he u n ivers l

‘

p a n ac ea which ha s so l o ng b een s earch ed for ; it i s

imp ossibl e for t he obstructi ons of Hyp och ondri a n d a

t he dist e mp e rs which pr oc e e d th er efr o m t o withst a n d ,

t he virtu es of this h ea lth ful H erb a n d c onclud es

”
,
in

t he raptur e d excl a m a ti o n O h a dmir bl e V irt u e of

“
a
, ,

O h pr eci ous tr e a sur e of li fe ! A n d M oriss et

”
t ea ! ,
'

in his A p ol ogy for T ea

“ ”
h a ils it as T he “

dri nk b e l ov e d by t he g ods .

O th e r c ontin en tal writ ers o n t he c o n trary bitt erly

, ,

d e n ou n c e d it . I n H o lla n d i n 1 64 1
,
P u l Sim on pub ,
a

li shed a tr e atis e agai nst b oth t e a and t ob acc o ; a nd

Eag on t he physicia n of L ouis ! IV d ecl ar ed th at

,
.
,

am ongst oth er ill effects t he u se of t ea black ened t he

t e eth a nd c au s ed th em t o dr op ou t F or m or e th an .

a hundr ed yea rs t he c ontr ov ersy rag ed all over t he

C ontin ent ; between 1 6 50 and 1 700 more than s ev enty
s p ecial tr eatis es app ear ed o n one sid e or t he oth er .

T he d a t e of actual i n tr o ducti o n of t ea int o this

c ountry ca nn ot b e asc ertain e d with abs olut e c ertai n ty ,

s o m e auth o riti e s givi n g t he dat e as 1 5 9 1 oth ers a s ,

1 5 97 a nd oth ers agai n as 1 610 which l a st app e rs a

, ,

m ost lik ely t o be c o rrect ; t he pric e at first w a s t e n

gui ne as per pound an d naturally it was o nly us ed by
,

t he upp e r t e n a n d by th e m only o n gr eat occasi o ns

,
.

By t he middl e of t he s ev ent eenth c entury h ow ev e r , ,

it was getti ng int o mor e gen eral u se An a dv ertis em e nt .

i n t he G az ett e of 1 65 8 calls att e nti o n t o t he fact

“ ”

th a t that exc ell ent and by all physicians appr ov ed

“

C hin es e dri n k call e d by t he C hi ne s e T o ha a n d by ,

o th e r n ati ons T ay a li s T E E,
is s old at t he Sulta nes s
a ,

H ea d Cop hee Hous e in Sw eeti n g s R e nts by t he Royal

,
’
,

Exchange L on d o n and in 1 6 60 S a mu e l P epys e nt er e d

, ,
”
,

i n his diary t he oft qu ot e d s en t enc e

-
did s en d for a ,
“
I
c u p of t ea ( China drink ) o f which I had n e v e r dr a n k
,

b efor e ; he d oe s n ot h ow ev er i nfo rm us how he

”
, ,

l ik ed it .S even years a ft erwards it a p p ears t o hav e

f o und its way into his h ous e a n d he writ es und e r d t e
, ,
a

J u n e 1 8t h 1 66 7 H om e a n d found my w i fe m a king of
“
, ,

t e a a dri n k which Mr P elli n g t he p oth ecary t ells her

’
,
.
, ,

i s g oo d for her c o ld a n d d efl u x i ons .

 A bo ut this date t ea b egan t o b e imp ort ed i nt o
E ngland from H oll an d in s om ewhat larger qu antiti es ,

t he p r i ce fa lli ng r a pidly t o 6 0 / p er a n d by t he cl o s e
'

of t he C o mm o nw e alth p eri o d it had b ec o m e quit e a

p opul a r drink a r esult d ou btl ess br ought b ou t i n

, , ,
a

gr e t m easur e b y t he V ig or ous a dv ertisi n g of one

a :

Th o mas G arw ay or G ara w ay a t obacc on ist a nd

, ,
“

s ell e r and r etail e r of t ea and c off ee a s he s om ewhat ,

cumbr ously d e scrib es hims el f w ho i n 1 6 5 9 p u blish ed a

, , ,
.

striki ng handbill d at ed fr om Exch a nge All ey h ar d

,
“
,

by t he Royal Exch a ng e a nd h ea d ed A n Exac t

”
,
“

D escripti on Of t he G r owth Q u ality a nd Virtu es of t he

,

Lea f T ea ,
”
which a m on gst oth er c u ri ou s st t em ents
,
a

i nforms its r ea d ers th a t t ea is g e ne r lly br ought fr om

“
a

Chi na a n d gr o w eth th e re u p o n littl e shrubs an d

,

bush es ; t he br a n ch e s wh er eof a e w ell ga r nish e d with

r

Whit e fl ow e rs th at a r e y ell ow withi n o f t he lik e n es s ,

a nd fashi o n of sw ee t briar but i n sm ell unlik e

-

,
b e ari ng
t hin gr een l eav es a b out t he bign ess of sc ordium myrtl e , ,

or su m ack a n d is judged t o b e a ki n d of su m ack

,
.

T his pl ant hath b een r ep ort ed t o gr ow wild on ly b u t ,

d oth n ot for th ey pl an t it in t he g a rd ens a b out fou r ,

fo o t dista n c e and it gr ow eth ab out four fo ot high ;

,

and of t he s eeds th ey maint a i n and i ncrea s e th eir st ock

O f this l ea f th er e ar e div e rs s orts ( th ough all o ne
s h a p e) s om e much b ett er th n oth ers t he upp er l e av es
a
,

e xc e lli n g t he o th e rs i n fi n e n e ss— a pr op erty alm ost i n ll a

pl nts which l eave s th ey gath er eve ry d ay an d dryi ng

a
,

th e m i n t he sh a d e or i n ir on pa n s ov er a ge ntl e fi re til l
, ,

t he humidity b e exhaust e d th e n put cl os e up i n l ead e n

,

p ots pre s erv e th e m for th eir drink t ea which is us e d

,
-

at m eals a n d up o n ll V isits a n d ent ert a i n m ents i n

a

privat e fa mili es a nd i n t he pal ac es of gr a n d ees ; a nd

,

it is av err ed by a p dr e O f M a c ao nativ e Of J apa n

a
, ,

that t he b est t ea o ught t o b e g ath er e d b ut by virgi n s

w ho a re d e sti ne d for this w o rk . T he partic u lar virtu e s

a re th e s e : it m k e th t he b o dy a ctiv e a n d lusty ;
a it
h elp eth t he h ead ach e giddi ness a nd h eavin ess th er eof ;
,

it r em ov eth t he obstructiv eness of t he spl een it is v ery

go od a ga inst t he st one an d grav el ; b ei ng dra n k with
virgin h oney i n st ead of sugar it tak eth a way t he
,

di ffi culty of br eathi ng op en i ng obstructi ons ; i t is g oo d

,

against t i p i t u de distill ati ons a nd clear et h t he sight ;

, ,

it r em oveth l a ssitud e a nd cl ea ns eth and p u r i fi e t h a crid

‘

humours a nd a hot liv er ; it is g oo d a gai nst cruditi es ,

str ength eni n g t he w e k ne ss of t he v entricl e or st omach

a
, ,

causing g ood app etit e a nd dige sti on a nd p a rticularly,

for m e n of c orp u l e n t b ody a n d such as a r e gr ea t e at ers

,

of fl e sh ; it v a nqu i shet h h eavy dr eams easet h t he ,

fr am e and st r eng t he net h t he m e m o ry ; it o v e rc om eth

sup erflu ous sl eep a n d pr eve nts sl eepi ness i n gen eral : a
d r a ught o f t he i nfu si o n b e i n g t k en so that with ou t
a
,

tr o ubl e wh ol e n ights m ay b e sp ent i n study with out

,

h u t t o t he b ody
r .

I n d d iti o n t o this r e markabl e p an egyric he iss u e d

a
,

t he fo ll owi n g pr a ctic a l a n d i n t e r e sti n g ha n dbill

T ea i n E ngla n d h ath b ee n s old i n t he l ea f for 6

a nd s om etim es £ 1 0 t he p ou n d w e ight a nd in r esp ect,

O f its fo rm e r sc rc e ness a n d d ea r n e s s it h ath b een o n ly

a

u s e d as a R e galia i n high Tr eatm e nts a n d E nt ert i n a

m en ts a n d pr es ents th er eof m a d e t o Pri nc es nd

,
a

Gr a nd ees till t he y ear 1 6 5 7

,
.

“
T he said G rway d i d p u rch a s e a qu a n tity th e r e o f
a
,

and first p u blicly s old t he s a id T ea i n l f a nd d r i nk ea

,

mad e acc ordi n g t o t he d ir ecti on s of t he m ost k nowi ng

Me rch a nts i n th os e E a st e r n C ou n tri es .

“
O n t he k n owl edge of t he s a id Gar w ay s c onti nu ed
’

c a re and i nd u stry i n obtai n i ng t he b est t ea and ,

maki ng dri nk th er eof v ery ma ny nobl em en physician s

, , ,

m e rch a nts & c h a ve ev er si nc e s e nt t o him for t he

.
,

s a id l e a f a nd daily r e s ort t o his h ou s e t o d ri n k t he

,

d ri n k th e r e of .

“
H e s e lls t ea fr o m 1 6/ t o 5 0/ a p ou n d pric es ”
,

which by c omp aris on with t hos e previ ou sly curre nt

must b e c onsi d e r ed as v e ry m od e r at e .
 T he Sultan ess Head and Gar w ay s l ead was sp eedily ’

f o llow e d by oth e r c off ee h ous es an d i n Ru g g e s D iur n al

'

, ,

in it is n ot ed that coffee ch oc olat e a n d a ki n d

“
, ,

o f drink call e d T ee was s o ld i n alm ost e v e ry str e et

”
.

At t he sam e tim e as G arway and his fell ow c off ee

h ous e k eep ers w e r e thus bri n ging t he ne w drink p r omi
u e ntly b efo r e t he City m e rcha n ts its u se was b ec omi n g
,

f ashi o n abl e i n t he C ourt I n 1 6 6 2 Ch arl es II marri ed

. .

C ath e ri n e of P or t u g al w ho had enj oy e d t he drink i n

'

her o w n c o u ntry a n d w ho w e may pr e sum e had s o m e

.

, , ,

s har e i n p o pularising it h er e ; at a ny rat e w e l ea rn

that i n 1 666 L ords O ss ory and Arlingt on obtai ned a
c onsig nm ent o f fi ne quality from H olland th e n t he ,

h eadquart e rs of t he trad e i n Eur op e a n d distribut e d ,

i t am ongst p e rs on s of rank by wh o m it was gr eatly

,

a dmir ed .

I n 1 6 8 6 t he wid ow of t he un fo rtu n at e D uk e o f

M oa u t h mad e a pr e s ent of a p ou n d of t he n ew
l uxury t o s om e of her r e lati o ns i n Sc otla n d but this ,

b e i n g its first intr oducti on to that cou ntry a nd as no ,

d ir ecti on s for its u se acc ompa n i e d t he gi ft t he t ea was ,

b oil ed and aft er carefully straini ng t he l eav es th ey

, ,

w e r e s er v ed as a v eg et a bl e t he r esult b ei n g pr o b ably
,

s u ffici e ntly unsatis fact ory t o giv e t he partak e rs b u t a

p oor Opini on of t he tast es of th eir fri ends at t he E nglish

 IO

M ea n whil e t he c off ee hous e of ou r fri end Gar way

-

o n acc ou n t of its pr oximity t o t he R oyal Exch a ng e ,

a n d d o ubtl ess a ls o o n acc ou nt of t he exc ell en t qu alit y

of t he t e a he suppli e d b ec a m e f m ous a nd r e m i ned
, a a
,

for t w o c enturi es a gr ea t r es o rt of the l eading citiz ens

a n d m e rcha nts T ea a s w e h a v e s een was als o o n

“

.
, ,

s al e a t t he vari ous oth e r c o ffee h ou s es which -

w er e
o p en e d i n L on d o n a n d els ewh e r e ab out this tim e a n d ,

which for a c e ntury a n d a hal f w er e t o pl ay such arr

-

imp ort a nt part in t he s oci al hist ory of t he n ati on ,

a nsw eri n g a s th ey did t he d oubl e purp os e Of t he clubs

and excha n g e s Of t he pr es e nt d ay and d ou btl ess,

th ey had much to d o with p opularisi ng t he new

b e v er a g e
.

D israeli t he eld er in his Curi ositi es of Lit eratur e

,
“
,

i nforms us that s oon a ft er th eir e stablishm e nt th es e

, ,

c o ff ee h ou s e s app ea r t o hav e fa ll e n u n d e r t he d i sa
-
r
pp o
b at i on of t he a u th o riti es a n d in t he y ear 1 6 75 th ey
,

w er e all cl os e d by R oya l Pr oclam ati on .

R og er N o rth i n his
,
Exam en has given a fu ll
“
,

acc ou nt of this b old str ok e I t was it s eems not d on e

.
, ,

with out s o m e sh ow of r esp ect t o t he Britis h Const i t u

ti on t he C ourt a ffecti ng n ot t o act ag ai nst l w ; for
,
a

t he j udg es w e r e summ on e d to a c on sultatio n wh e n it ,

ap p ears t he fi ve w ho m et did not agree in Opi nion ;

 I I

but a d ecrsm n w a s c ontrive d that t he r etailing of T ea

“

'

a n d Coffee m i g ht b e a n i nn oc ent tr a d e but as it w a s ,

.

said t o n ou rish s editi o n spre ad li es and sc a n d a li ze gr ea t

, ,

m en it might als o b e a c omm on nuisa n c e A ge n e r a l ’7

.
,

disc ont ent a r o s e in c o ns equ enc e and e mb old ene d t he ,

.

m e rcha nts an d r etail ers of t e a n d c offee t o p etiti o n a ,

a n d p ermissi o n w a s s o o n grant e d t o o p e n t he h ous e s .

for a c e r t a i n p eri o d u n d e r a s ev e r e a dm o n iti o n that t he

,

m a st ers sh ou ld preven t all sca n dal ou s p a p ers b ooks , ,

a n d lib els f r o m b e ing r ea d i n th e m a n d hi n d e r e v e ry ,

p ers on fr o m spr ea di n g sca n dal ous r ep orts a g a inst t he

G over nm ent It must b e c onfess ed that all this m u s t
.

hav e fr equ e ntly p u zzl e d t he c off ee hous e k eep e r t o -

d ecid e wh at w s sc a n dal ous what b ook w a s fit t o b e

a
,

lic ens ed t o b e r e a d a nd wh at p olitic a l i n t elligen c e

,
:

might b e p ermitt ed t o b e c o mmu nicat ed T he O bj ect . .

of t he uth oriti es h ow ev er wa s pr obably t o i ntimid at e

a
, ,

r ath er th a n p ers ecut e at that m o m ent .

I n t he lit e r tur e of t he p e ri o d w e find a llusi o ns t o

a

t ea b ec om e i n cr ea singly fr equ e n t I n 1 66 8 Sir Ch arl es

.

S edl ey i n t he pl ay of The Mulb e rry G a rd en lay s

,
“
,
”

i t d ow n th t a he who w ould b e c on sid e r e d a m a n of

“

fa shi on alw ays dr nk wi n e a nd wat e r a t di n n er a nd a

a
,

dish of t ea afterw a rds C ongr eve t he dram atist i n

.
”
, ,

hi s pl a y ,
“
T he D oubl e D eal er m a k es one of
”
 12

t he ch ara cters stat e that t he ladi es h a v e r etired to “

t ea a n d sc a ndal Edm u n d W a ll er t he p oet in a

”
.

, ,

b irthd ay O d e t o t he Q u e e n C a th eri ne b e for e r efe rr e d to ,

c a lls t e a t he b est of h e rbs t he Mus e s fri e n d

“ ” “ ’ ”
a nd
,

a n d ass erts that it do e s

Rp h vp t w hi h t he h ea d in v a de ,

d k p h pl
e re ss ose a ou r s c

A n ee s t at a a ce o f t he sou l s ere ne .
”

A ndPop e a fterwards i n his R p e of t he L ock ,

“
a

a ddr e ss e s a n o th e r u A wh n
Q ee n ( n n e) e a t ,

H a mpt o n C ourt as foll ows ,

H er e t h g rea t A hm h
! w t lm s ob e y
D ,
ou nna o r ee r ea

l k d
,

o st s o m e t i m e s c o u nse ta e an som e t i m e s t ea
'

f rom which it s eems w e m ay i nfer th a t t he th e n

, ,

f ashi o na bl e pr onunci a ti on of t he w ord w a s Tay ; “ ”

a nd
: in t he sam e p oe m m a k e s his h er oi ne B elind a , ,

pr otest that r a th er th an l os e her fa v ourite curl she

, ,

w o uld b e

In s om e is l e

Wh t he gi l h ar i ot ne v mar k t he w a y ,

kB h
er e t c er s

Wh e re n one l e a rn o m b r e , none e e r
’
drin o ea .

Allusi o ns t o t ea ar e fr equ ent in t he Sp ecta t or “ ”

a p e rs a n d a m on gst t he m a n y i n t e r e sti ng glimps es Of

p ,

t he s oci a l li fe of t he p eri o d which th ey a ff ord us w e

“

s ee t he fa shi o n abl e y ou n g l a dy t a ki ng her m or n ing and

 13

v e n i ng dish of t ea t he i nfusio n of a Chi n a plan t

“ ” “
e ,

sw eetene d with t he pith of an ndian ca ne ; a nd I ”

a t ea tabl e is t he l a t est fa shi o n abl e a dditi o n t o t he

-

fur n itur e of her b oud o ir a r ound which ass e mbl e her ,

acqua i nt n c e t o disc u ss t he issu e of t he Sp ecta t or

a
“ ”

of t he day and t o circulat e t he lat est g ossip a n d

,

scandal which in its turn will b e duly c ommu n ic a t ed

, ,

t o Mr Sp ectat or by his fa ir c orre sp ond e nts Sug a r

“ ”
,
. .

as w e find by n u m er ous ll u si ons w as a lw ays t a k e n a

, ,

a nd B o h ea
“
P ec o an d G r ee n I mp e rial ar e
,
” “
,
” “ ”

m e nti one d a s t he kinds m ost in fav our gr ee n t ea ,

h aving b ee n first imp ort ed i n 1 7 1 5 Sig n ific a n t .

allusi ons t o t he sm ashi n g of t he t ea dish es as a fr equ ent -

acc omp a nim ent t o fa mily jars are t o b e fou n d .

Mr Sp ect a t or a ls o i ntr o duc es us to his fri e n d

.

Mr Pet er M ott eux — an i n dustri ous man of tr d e

.
”
a
,

form erly a br o th er o f t he quill — W ho d e scrib e s his

sh op a s i n Lea d e nha ll Str eet n ear t he I n dia Com ,

p a ny and in t he c entr e of th t trad e a nd k nown for

,
a
,

ch oic e a nd ch eap n ess of Chi na a n d Japa n w ar e s t ea s , ,

fa ns muslins pictur e s arr ck a n d oth e r I n di n g oo ds

, , ,
a
,
a .
”

H e h d d edicat e d a p oe m on t ea t o t he
a Sp ectat or “ ”

which is thus c omm ent e d on It w oul d i njur e him as “

,

a man of b u si ness i f I did not let t he world k n ow th a t

,

t he auth o r of so g oo d v e rs e s wr ot e th e m b efor e he w a s
 I 4

c r d i n tr ffic In ord er t o expi at e my negligenc e

c on e ne a .

t o w ards him I p a id him a visit I found his sp aci ous

.

war e h ou s es fill e d and ad orn ed with t e a Chi na a n d ,

I ndia war e I coul d obs erve a b eautiful ordi nanc e of

.

t he wh ol e a n d such di ff e r e n t and c o nsid er a bl e br a n ch e s

,

o f trad e c a rri e d o n in t he sam e h ous e I ex u lt e d i n

s ee i n g d isp o s e d by a p oetical h e d a .

O ne oth er t e a d eal er a l a dy a pp e ars in th es e

, ,

p a p e rs
,
sig ni n g h e rs e l f “
R e b ecc a t he D istr e,
ss e d .
”

S he s I o ne o f t he t o
p China w o m e n a b out t o w n
,

a n d c o mpl a ins bitt erly of t he idl e yo u ng l a di es of

f ashi on w ho pla gu e her t w ic e or thric e a day t o “

ch p e n t ea o r buy a skreen O ne c a lls for a set of

” “
‘
ea .

t ea dish e s a n o th er a b a si n a third for my b est gr ee n

-
, ,

a n d so dis o rganis e her wh ol e sh op a lth ou gh th ey

”
t ea, ,

s e ld o m or n e v e r buy a nythi n g .

I n t he pap e r of Jun e 1 9t h 1 7 1 2 t he writ er st a t es

, ,

I k now a p ers on w ho p oss ess es t he s ens e of taste i n

s o gr e a t a p e rfecti on that a fter havi n g tast ed t en
,

d i ff e r e n t kinds o f t ea he w ould d isti nguish with out

, ,

s ee i ng t he c o l o ur of it t he particul a r s o rt which was

,

o ff e r e d hi m ; a n d n ot o nly so but a ny t w o s orts of

,

t h e m th a t w er e mix e d t og eth e r i n e q u al pr op orti on .

N ay he has carri e d t he exp erim ent so fa r as u p o n

, ,

t asti n g t he comp ositi o n of thr ee di ff e r e nt s orts to nam e ,

 I S

t he parc els fr om wh enc e t he thr ee s everal ingr edi ent s

w e r e tak en .We m ay assum e that t he gentl eman i n
”

q u e sti o n was o nly an amat e ur as,

i n th os e days t ea
t asti n g had sc a rc ely tak en ra n k as a pr ofe ssi o n ; had

h e b ee n born a hu ndr ed a n d fi fty y e ars lat e r he w ould ,

h av e b een abl e t o tur n his t a l en t t o pr ofitabl e acc ount .

We als o hav e s everal sk etch es of t he fashi o nabl e

ou n g man o f t he p eri o d sipping his t ea i n t he c o ff e e
y
h ou s e s giving hims el f airs and ogli n g t he
, ,
id ols as “
,
”

t he barmai ds of that day w e r e t e rm e d .

In 1 72 8 D r S hort writ es of t ea a s foll ows

.

T he u se of t ea has so si n gularly pr evail e d in

“
'

E ngland for th es e fo rty or fi fty y e ars p ast am on g all

, ,

rs s xc pt v ry l w st ra k has b n
.

p e o n
( e e o f t he e o e n ) a n d ,
e e

s o taki n g with t he fair sex that tw er e a sham e ou r

’
'

e x a mi n a ti o n and und ertaki ng sh ould n ot b ear s om e

“

pr op orti on to t he u se and pr efer e nc e w e have mad e

o f it .

Wh oev er w ell consid ers what a sup erior figur e this

h umbl e shrub mak es i n comm e rc e what a n im p orta n t ,

a rticl e tis in t he tra ffi c o f t he East

’
I
ndia C o mpani es ,

What a gr e at r ev e nu e t he dut y up o n this littl e crumbl ed

l eaf r eturns to t he Cr own of Engla n d wh er eby t he

“

g e n e ral tax e s a r e s o much l e ss e n e d t o t he p oo r wh o e v e r

f urth er obs erv es a ft er all this t he trad e it various ly

'

, ,
 16

adva nc es t he equip a ge a nd a ll its c onc omita nts a nd

, , ,

lastly t he S oci eti es it ass embl es th er e b ei ng m ore than

, ,

three th ous a nd h ou s es of r ec epti on for th em i n L on d o n ,

as a c ertai n auth or c omput es wh er e thi s liqu or is dail y

,

drunk ; wh oev er w ould r emark t he busi ness c onvers a ,

ti o n a nd int elligenc e it th er e pro m ot es as als o t he ,

exp e ns e a n d d ebauch e ry it pr ev ents will r eadily con ,

clu d e with m e that this as w ell as oth er things

, , ,

d ema nds ou r obs erv a n c e a n d r egard n ot acc ordi ng t o ,

t he simpl e a pp e a ra nc e it mak es but t he c ons equ e nc es

,

w hich fl o w fr om it
”
.

O th er sk etch e s of fashi on abl e li fe i n t he r eign of

Q u ee n A n n e sh o w us t h e high b or n dam es of that

-

p eri od fl ocki ng t o t he f shi on abl e t ea h ous es i n t he

a -

S trand and sippi n g t he b ev er a ge fr om o ri ent al chi na

,

cups of in fa ntil e siz e

I F av ou re d by fashi on and r e c o mm en d ed by t he

physici a n s t he c on sumpti on of t ea i ncr eas ed rapidly

, ,

a nd t he tast e for it spr e ad t o all class es but its p r o ,

gr ess w as not t o b e u nopp os ed a nd i n t he early part

,

of t he e ight ee n th c ent u ry it enc ou nt er e d n um er ous

bitt er a ttacks As w e have alr e ady s ee n c ert a i n c o nti
.
,

me ntal d oct o rs had giv e n o pi n i on s h ostil e t o it an d i n

1 72 2 a pamphl e t was writt e n by a c e rt a in J ohn Lacy ,

addr ess ed t o t he l a di es of E ngla n d d enou nci ng t ea a s

,
 I 7

a sl ow but sur e p ois on an d c omp a ri ng it with opi u m

, ,

and traci ng t o its u se a lm ost all t he ills that flesh is

h eir to S oon a ft erw a rds t he Meth odists t oo k up t he
.

crusa d e agai n st t e a A ft er talking t o b oth t he m en

.
“

and wom e n l ead ers writ es J ohn W esl ey w e a gr e ed

, ,
“

it would pr ev e nt gr eat exp en s e as w ell of h ealth as of

,

tim e and mon ey i f t he p oor er p e opl e of ou r S oci ety

,

could b e p ersu a d ed t o l eav e off dri n ki ng of t ea and he ,

” “

proc eeds to d en ou nc e it a s t he ca u s e of dir e physical

s p iritual ills a nd exh orti n g his foll ow ers t o abh or it
,
“

a s a d e adly p o is on and t o r en ou nc e it fr o m this v ery

,

hour .
”
Edw a rd Y ou ng a uth or of N ight T h oughts
,
“ ”

calls t ea a fatal str ea m dr ead ful t o t he l ov e of fam e

“
,

what ev er that may m ea n I t was n ot h owever

.
, ,

with out e l oqu ent adv oc at es o ne of wh om r epli ed t o

m
,

t h es e a n d si ilar att acks as foll ows T he pr ogr ess -

“

o f this fam ous pl a n t has b ee n s o m e thi n g lik e t he ro

p
gr ess of truth susp ect e d at first th ough v ery p al at a bl e
, ,

t o th os e w ho had c our a g e t o t a st e it r e sist ed as i t ,

e ncr oach e d abus e d as its p opularity s ee m e d t o spr e ad

, ,

a n d e sta blishi n g its triumph at l a st in ch ee ri n g t he

wh ol e la n d fr om t he pal ac e t o t he c ottage o nly by t he
, ,

sl o w but r esistl ess eff orts of tim e a nd its o w n virtu e s .

”

O n t he oth e r h a n d a c e r t ai n J o n as Ha n way w ho
, ,

is cr ed it ed with b ei ng t he first p ers on t o carry an

 1 8

u mbr ella i n t he str eets of L on d o n publish ed in 1 75 6 , , ,

a n e l ab o r a t e e ss a y a gai n st t e a dri n ki ng d e no u nci n g it as

-

e r n ici ou s t o h e alth o bstr u cti ng i n dustry a n d br i n g i n g

p , ,

r ui n o n t he n ati o n a n d o n e v e ry on e w ho i n d u lge d in

i t s u se . W o m en he writ es l os e th eir b eau ty fr o m

“
,
”
,
“

t e a d ri n ki n g
-
an d ,
l a nguish with w ea k digesti on s a nd
l ow spirits whil e m e n l os e th e ir st a tur e a n d c om eli ness
,
.

I a m n ot y ou ng but m ethi nks th er e is n ot so much

, , ,

b eauty i n this la n d a s th e r e w a s Your v ery ch a mber .

m a ids have l ost th e ir bl oo m I s u pp o s e by sippi ng t e a , , .

W h at Shak esp ear e ascrib es t o t he c onc ealm e nt O f l ov e

i s in this ag e m or e fr equ entl y occasw n e d by t he u se o f

t ea.
’1
Ar ous ed by this attack up on his favourit e
‘

b e ve rag e D r J oh n s on n obly e nt er e d t he lists i n its

,
.

d efe nc e a nd e asily s u cc ee d e d i n r efu ti n g t he argu

,

m e nts of its d etr a ct o rs a nd i n c ov e ri ng th e m with

,

r idicul e .B oswell s acc ou nt of t he D oct or s c ontr ov ersy

’ ’

w ith Ha nway b e i ng as foll ows His ( D r J oh ns on s ) “ ’

d efen c e of t ea a ga inst Mr J ohn H a n way s vi o l e n t

’
.

a ttack up on that e l eg a nt a n d p opular b e v e r a g e sh o ws ,

h o w w ell a man of g enius can writ e up o n t he s light est

s ubj e ct wh e n he writ e s as t he I tali ns say can mor e

,
a
,
a .

I supp os e no p ers on ever enj oyed with m ore r elish t he

i nfusi o n of that fragra nt l eaf than J oh ns on T he .

q uantiti e s which he drank of it at all h ours w e r e so gr ea t

 19

t hat his nerves must have b een uncomm o nly str on g n ot

t o hav e b een e xtr e m ely r elax e d by such a n int e mp erat e

u se of it H e a ssure d m e that he n e v e r felt t he l east

.

i nc on v e ni en c e fr o m it which is a pr o of th a t t he fault of
,

h i s c on stitution w a s rath e r a t oo gr e at t e nsi on of fibr e s

t ha n t he co n tr a ry Mr H a nway wr ot e an a n gry
. .

‘
a nsw e r to J ohns o n s r evi e w of his Essay on Tea a nd
’ ’
,

J oh n s on aft er a full an d d elib erat e paus e m ad e a r eply

, ,

t o it t he o nly i n sta n c e I b eli ev e in t he wh ol e cours e

, ,

o f his li fe wh e n he c o n d e sc e nd e d t o O pp os e anything
th a t was writt e n agai nst him I supp os e wh e n he .
,

t h ou ght of an
y of his littl e antag on ists he w as ,

e ve r j u stly awar e of t he high s entim ents of Aj ax i n

t he O vid

I st e l
tu it p ret i u m ja m nu nc c er t a m i ni s huju s ,

Q ui cum vi ct us e r i t m e c u m c er t a s e fer e t u r

re nd er ed by D ryd n e

L os n i g h e W l nS , be ca u se hi s na m e w i ll b e

E nno bl d b d f
e y e ea t , w ho d u r st c o nt e nd wit h me .
’

B ut, i n d eed t he g ood Mr H anway lai d hims el f so

,
.

O p e n t o ridicul e that J o hns o n s a n i m a dv e rsions u p on

’

hi s attack w er e chi efly to make sp o rt .

”

I ’

n his r eply J o hns on d e scrib es hims el f as a

har de n e d and sham el e ss t ea dri nk er whos e kettl e -

has scarc ely ti m e t o c o ol w ho wit h t ea amus es t he

,
 20

e vening with t ea s olac es t he midnight and with t ea

, ,

w elc om es t he m or n i ng T he w orthy D octor h ow ev e r

.
”
, ,

app eared to hav e b een pr epare d t o mak e c onsid er abl e

c onc essio ns t o t he e n emy I readily admit he says
.
“ ”
, ,

“
that t ea is a liqu or n ot p r op er for t he l ow er class es of
t he p eopl e as it suppli e s n o str ength t o labour or r e li ef
,

t o d is e as e but g rat i fi es t he tast e without n ourishi ng

,

t he b ody A nd th en b ei ng c o nfr o nt e d with t he fact

”
,
.

that in Engl and n o l ess tha n was sp ent a nnu a ll y

i n this articl e of sup erflu ous luxury he do es n ot h e sit a t e ,

t o say that its i m p o rtati o n ought t o b e st opp ed by a

p en al law T his must h ow ev er b e tak en as m er ely a

.
, ,

pious opi n i on a nd w e k n ow it ha d no eff ect on hi s

,
”

ow n c on ti n u e d u se of t he b ev erag e Mrs Thral e t elli ng .

us that she w ould oft en sit up until fou r o cl ock i n t he ’

m or n i n g maki n g t ea for him in his G arg a ntua n t eap ot ,

w hich hist o ry r e c o rds h e ld t w o quarts Garrick t he .

,

f am ous act o r w ho w as a t ow n sma n a n d a fri en d of t he

,

D oct or was als o a dri nk er of t ea but fr om m otives of

, ,

e c on om y pr eferr e d it w eak ; a nd it is o n r ec ord that

on one occasi on P eg W offi n gt on incurr ed his s ever e
displ ea sur e for making it t oo str on g or as he phr a s e d , ,

it as r ed as bl ood
,
“
At this p eri od it app e ars t o hav e
.
”

b een g en erally m a d e v ery w eak i f w e may judge fr om ,

a p assage i n D r J ohns o n s Essay on T ea ab ove re

.
’ “ ”
 21

f e rr ed to . T hree cu p s he says mak e t he commo n

“
,
”
,

q uantity so slightly im p r e gnat e d that p e rha p s th e ,

y
might b e ti nge d with t he A then i a n c cu ta and p rodu ce ’

z
,

l ess eff ects than th es e l ett ers ( H anway s ) charg e u p o n

’

t ea .
”
It a p p ears h owever that Hanway would have
, ,

ha d t he support of D r J o hnson s fath e r had he b ee n ’

.
,

l ivi n g for as his son writ es

,
he c o nsid er ed t ea as,
“

v e ry ex p e nsiv e and discourage d my moth e r fro m

,

k ee ping c o mpany with t he n e ighbours a nd fro m ,

p aying visits or r e c e iving th e m .

B efor e t he cl os e of th e D octor s li fe he was d estin ed

'

t o see t e a play an im p orta n t part i n cha nging t he d estiny

o f a larg e part of t he world O n t he 1 4 th Jun e 1 76 7

.
, ,

t he B
ritish Parliam ent pass e d t he m em orabl e Act
i m p osi n g h eavy duti e s on t ea pap e r pai nt e d glass & c , , ,
.
,

i mp ort ed i n t o Am e rica Th es e imp o sts w er e stoutly

.

r esist e d by t he c olonists w ho i n r etaliati o n r efus e d

,

e ith e r to buy or u se t e a and matt e rs s o on assum e d a

,

t hr eat ening asp ect T he oth e r duti es w er e withdrawn

.
,

II
b u t King G e o rg e I d et ermin e d that not o n ly should
.

t he t e a duty b e maintain ed b u t that t ea should b e fo rc e d

,

u p o n t he stubb o rn c olonists Acc ordingly in D ec emb er

.
, ,

1 773 ,E nglish ships b earing thr ee hu ndre d and fort

,
y
c h e sts of t e a
,
B
arrived at oston ; but t he o pp on e nt s of
t he o bno x ious taxation w e r e f ull as d et ermi n ed as t he y
 22

Kin g a nd a band of th em disguis e d as I ndia ns b oard e d

, , ,

t he v ess els on th e ir arriv a l empti e d t he ch ests ov e r ,

b oa rd a nd B ost o n harbour was black with u nex

,
“

”
p ec t ed t ea .

A hu n dr ed years a ft erwards Em ers on com m em o

rat ed t he ev ent i n a p oem r ead i n t he Fa neu il Hall on ,

D ec emb er 1 6 1 8 73 from which w e take t he foll owin g

, ,

stanzas
B a d new s fr om
hi
G
v g
e or ge on

ll
t he E n gli h h s t r one

h p
Y ou in s a id he
’
are t r we
b i k
,

N ow b y t es e r e se n t s e t now n

Y ou s a h ll p ay a t a x o n t ea
i v y m ll —
T l d ll
’
s er s a no oa at a

gh h ll
, ,

H o no u r en o u d h t at we se n t e ca .

id B g dm l d
’
N ot so , sa o s t on , oo y or

W p y gv h
, ,

e ay o ur o er n or s er e

Ab d f h i b d d b d
d p
un a nt or t e r e an o ar

h y
,

Si x t d ou san ou n s a ea r

(Y H gh k h m ly
.

o ur i n ess now s o u r o e w or d s )
M i ll i f f g v m on s o r se l -
o ern en t ,

B ut f ib or v tr u t e ne er a c e nt .
’

Th g m ! d
e car ld b l m
o ca e an w ho c ou a e

f I d h
I ndi a ns s ei z e t e t ea ,
h b h l d h m
A
I h e lv ighl gpl ?gh il
dn

F or w
,

nt o t h
c e st

at a
y
au

a
c

t he
e st ,

in sea
et

ou
ow n

o r sa
t e sa e

fl lif f d m f i l
,

I d an , or e , or re e o a .

T his d efia nt act w a s t he pr elud e of t he Am erica n

W ar of I nd ep end enc e
“

Meanwhil e i n E n gla n d t ea was st eadily gr owi ng in:

, ,

favour H orac e Walp ol e writi n g i n 1 743 says th ey

.
, , ,
“

have talk ed of a n ew duty on t ea t o b e paid by ev ery ,

 23

hous ek eep er for all t he p ers ons i n th eir famili es b u t ,

it will scarc e b e pr op os e d T ea is so u n ive rsal tha t

.

it w ould mak e a gre at er clam our tha n a duty on

wi ne”
Ab out t he sam e d at e an I t a lia n visit o r .

writi ng on E n glish c u st o ms fi nds t ea so p opular i n ,

fashi o n abl e li fe that e v en t he maid s erv a n ts m u s t

“
-

have th eir t ea twic e a day i n all t he parad e of quality

th ey m ak e it th eir barg a i n a t first ; a n d c on sid erin g ”
,

t he pric e of t ea at t he tim e w e ar e n ot s u rpris e d at ,

t he c omm e nt that this v ery articl e am ou nts t o as

“

much as t he w a ges of s uch s erva nts i n I taly Aft er .

”

n oon t ea s m u st hav e a ls o b ec om e fashi on abl e ab out

this p eri od ; for i n d escribi n g t he m od e of livi ng i n
,

Harr ogat e in 1 763 D r Al exand er Carlyl e says i n

,
.
,

his Aut obi ography T he ladi es gav e aft er n oo n s t ea

,
“ ’

and c offee in tur n which c oming but o nc e in four

, ,

or si x w ee ks ,
a m o u n t e d t o a trifl e .

At t he cl os e of t he eight eenth c entury w e find

anoth er p oet si n gi n g t he prais e of t ea as foll ows

t he qu otati on is fr o m C o wp er s T ask writt e n ’ “

,
”

i n 1 78 5
N o w st ir l h h
t he fi r e f a nd c os e t e s u t t er s a st ,

L etf ll a i h l h f
t he c u rt a n s , w
d ee t e s o a r o un

An d hil b b b li g
w d l d hi i g
t he

lm dh p
e u n an ou ss n u rn

Th p my
ro w s u a st e a co u n , an t e cu s

T ha h t b i i h
u t not ne b r i a t e w a t o n e a c

l m p f l v i gi
c ee r ,

S l
o et u s we co e ea c e u e en n n .
 In 1 71 8 Mrs M ont agu a d opt e d t he fa shi o n intro
.

d u c e d fr o m Fra n c e by t he D u k e of D o rs et of giving ,

t ea s at t he ass e mbli es of t he Blu e St ocki ng Club “

,

w hich w e r e h e ld a t he r m a n si o n i n P o t m an Squar e r .

T h es e m eeti ngs w er e c omm em or at ed by C o wp er in t he

f oll owi n g c ou pl e t

“
T h g l eni u s , e a r ni n g fa nc y
h i ffl d p l
er e wi t

g lm fi
, ,

T e r ru e um a e c a re t .

S oo n ft e r H a rtl ey C ol eridge th en a v ery y ou ng

a
, ,

m a n wr o t e t he foll owi ng li ne s i n pr a is e of t e a
,

Th gh l k G k dR m
al g
p l Hy d k h g
ou un no w n t o r ee an o a n s on ,

T he t he d a r S o uc
l dp
a er s on a n on

h gh b l k h
,

T ou h ac no r gr ee n, t e w a rb e ra i s e s s are

f k gh ly
,

O b d
ni t t ro u a o u r or g a y trouvé re
m
Y e t d ee h li q i mb
p l h f l mb
no t t ou , a n a en u t e t o nu e rs ,

Th d fr i e n r a t t e , a nd

Wh h K L g i mp l p p d
at to t at oe to s u er s ,

ic i an -
on e ri a oe t , r a i se

h gh h
,

So i i d er c e n t p r i ce w a s ra i s e

Wh h P p h m l f l d m m
t a t c e nt ts
'

p . .

ic d d i et i

p mm di pl d
o e se w ou so e s c on e sc e n
'

To le a d
p
co o o u s a t a c ou et s en ;
Wh h t ic b d f l y he d sw e e t ar o O ne di no t s ur n ,

W l vho m i f hi g
ed t he t he s si n
’

x
o us c O u rn ,

Le t he r w ho b a d e m e w r i t e t he m u se ,
I p
e ac t

g i
i re m y e n u s a nd my t e a i n fu se ,

h v g yl p h d l gh
ns

So h ll m v t he e ri n i t,

h pi
s a erse o s s e
y
A n d i i g
cr m t c no e s re li i h
nqu s ha lf t eir s te .

C le ar w a r m , and fl ow i g i m l
n s d h m y i qu i t e e,

g h
,

m m
"
A s sw e e t a s s u a r an das s oo t a s c re a .
 25

Hazlitt , who c omm enc ed his car eer as an author

e a rly in t he pr e s e nt c e ntury s eem s t o have b een i f ,

o ssibl e a gr e at e r t ea drink e r than ev e n D r J o hnson

p
- . .
,

We are told that he n ever t ouch e d any but black t ea

'

a nd was v ery p articular ab out t he quality of that ,

a lways using t he most e x p ensiv e that c o uld b e obtain ed

a n d he u se d wh e n livi ng al on e to c o nsum e nearly a

, ,

und a w k A cup H o u ha p p e n e d
’
ee o f a z li t t s t ea i f
p o .
y ,

t o c om e in for t he first br ewage of it was a p eculiar ,

t hing H e alw a ys mad e it hims el f hal f filling t he

.
,

t eap ot with t ea p ouri ng b oiling wat e r on it and th e n

, ,

a lm o st imm e diat ely p ouring it out using with it a gr e at ,

q uantity o f sugar and cr eam .

I n 1 82 1 De Q u i ncy w ri t es of it i n his Confessi ons

'

of an English O pium Eat er e nthusiastically

,
”
as ,

foll ows
“
y
Sur ely everyb od is aware of t he divi n e pl easur e s

w hich att end a wi nt e r fir esid e :ca n dl e s at four o cl ock

’
,

warm h earth rugs t ea a fair t ea mak er shutt ers clos ed

-
, ,
-
, ,

curtain s fl owing i n ampl e drap eri es o n t he fl oor whilst ,

t he w ind and r a in are ragi n g audibly with out Ha p pi .

n ess in my judgm e nt e nt e rs t he r o o m with t he t ea

‘

, ,

y
t ra ; for t ea—th ough ridicul e d by th os e w ho a r e

n aturally of coars e n e rv es or ar e ,
b ecom e so fr o m
w in e drinking and not susc eptibl e of influ e nc e fro m
-
,
 26

e ne —
so r fi d a stimulant will always b e t he fav ou rit e
b ev erage of t he i nt ell ectual ; and for my part I w oul d
h a v e j oi ned D r J ohns on i n a bellnnz z nter necz nm a g a i nst
.
' '

J onas Ha nw ay or any oth er impi ous p ers on w ho sh oul d

p r esum e t o dispar age it . But h ere ,

to save mys el f t he tr oubl e of a v erb al d escripti on ,

I will i ntr oduc e a paint er a nd give him dir ecti ons for
,

t he r e st of t he pict u r e Pai nt m e th en a r oom s ev en

.
, ,

t een feet by twelve and not m or e tha n s eve n a nd

,

a hal f feet high a n

-
d n ear t he fi r e pai nt m e a t ea tabl e
,
-

a s it is cl ear that n o cr e atur e c a n c o m e t o see

an d
(
o ne such a st ormy night ) plac e o nly t w o cups and
sa u c e rs o n t he t ea tray a n d i f you k n ow how t o pai nt
-
,

such a thi n g symb olic a lly or oth erwis e paint m e ,

a n et e r n al t ea-

p ot —e t e r n a l a a r te a n te a n d a a r t e
p p p os t

for I usually drink t ea fr o m eight o cl ock at n ight t o ’

four o cl ock in t he m orning A n d as it is v ery

’
,
.

unpl easa nt t o mak e t ea or p our i t ou t for ones el f ,

pai nt m e a l ov ely y ou n g w oman sitti ng at t he tabl e

p a int her arms lik e Aur ora s a nd her smil es lik e ’

He be s ’
.
”

N or was it o nly am ongst lit e rary m en a nd t he

fashi onabl e w orld t h at t ea was duri n g this tim e i n cr ea s

ing its p opulari ty What t he c off ee hous es w er e d oi ng

.
-

in this dir ecti o n for t he m ercha nt a nd man ab out t own - -

 27

was b eing d one for t he trad esm en and w orking man by -

t ea gard ens which w er e op en ed i n what w er e

“ ”
t he ,

th en pl ea sant rural r etr eats within easy distanc e of

L o n d on .

Ab out 1 8 3 6 a str ong imp etus was give n t o t he .

c o nsumpti o n by t he gr eat t e mp eranc e m ov em ent whic h

was i naugurat e d ab out that tim e in t he pr op a ga n d a
,

o f which m ov e m en t a n d als o lat e r o n i n c on ne cti o n

,

with t he C orn Law L eagu e t ea m eetings on a gig a nti c

,
-

scal e w er e h eld . Th es e m eetings—b ack e d by t he

e ar ne st eff o rts of t he t e mp era n c e r efo rm e rs t o m a k e

t ea t he n a ti on al drink and a substitut e fo r alc oh o li c

:

li q u rs had a n imm e ns e eff ect i n incr easing its u se

o —
,

e s p eci a lly am o n gst t he w orki n g cl a ss e s I

n t he c ours e
.

o f a few y ears t he imp o rts ha d ris en t o

pounds p er annum a nd t he t ea trad e had b ec om e

,

e stablish e d as an imp ortant it e m of t he c o mm e rc e of

this c ou ntry .

D r Sigismu nd in T ea : its eff ects m edici nal a nd

.
,
“

moral p u blish ed in 1 83 9 writ e s

”
, ,

“
A curi ous and n ot u n i nstructive w ork might b e
'

writt en up o n t he singular b enefi ts which hav e accru e d

to this c ou ntry fr o m t he pr efe r enc e w e hav e giv en t o
t he b e ve rag e obtain e d fr o m t he t ea plant ab ov e all
-
,

thos e that might b e d eriv ed fr om t he rich tr easures of

 28

t he vegetabl e ki ngd om It would pr ove that ou r

.

nati onal imp ort a nc e has b ee n i ntimat ely c onnect ed

w ith it a nd th at much of ou r pr es en t gr e at ness and
,

e v en t he happi ne ss of ou r s oci a l syst e m spri n gs f r o m

t his unsusp ect e d sourc e It w ould sh ow us that ou r

.

m ighty e mpir e i n t he East th at ou r maritim e Sti p e

,

r i or i t y a n d that our p r ogr e ssiv e adv a nc e m ent in t he

,

a rts and sci enc es hav e mat erially d ep end e d u p on

'

it. Gr eat ind eed ar e t he bl essi ngs which hav e b ee n

d i ff us e d amo n gst imm en s e mass es o f ma nki n d by t he

c u lti vation of a shrub wh os e d elicat e l eaf passing ,

t hr ough a vari ety of ha n ds forms an i n c entiv e to

,

i n dustry c o ntribut es t o h ealth to n ati onal rich es and

, , ,

t o d om estic happin ess T he soci a l t e a t a bl e is lik e t he

.
-

fi r esid e of ou r c o untry —a na ti ona l d elight a n d i f it b e

t he sc en e of d om e stic c on v e rs e a n d agr ee abl e r elaxati on ,

i t sh ould lik e wis e bid us r e m e mb e r that ev e rythi n g

c onn ect e d with t he growth and prep a ra ti o n of this

f av ourit e h er b sh o uld awak e n a high e r fee n —
li g that
‘
o f admirati on l ove and gr a titud e t o Him w ho saw
, , ,

e v e rything that H e had mad e a n d b e h old it was v e ry

,

g ood
’
.

T he valu e of t ea as a b e v er a g e b eing no w m ore

~

e n erally r e c og nis ed its invig o rati ng and sustaini ng

g ,

r op e rti e s b egan t o b e appr ec iat e d by t he w ork e rs of

p
 29

t he w orld I n t he Army and N av t he u se of t ea

. y
sl owly but sur ely t o a gr eat ex t ent su pp lant ed t he
u se of gr og Admiral I nglefield stat es that sail or s
.

u n d er him in t he Arctic r egi ons a ft er one day s ,

’

exp eri en c e of r um drinking cam e to t he c onclus o n

-
,
i

that t ea was much pr eferabl e and th ey d eriv e d much ,

advantage fr om its u se whil e und ergoing hard w o r k

and c on sid era bl e c old L ord Wols el ey is of t he sam e
.

o pi n i on O nc e duri n g my military car eer he says

“ ”
.
, , ,

“
it fell t o my lot t o l ead a brigad e thr ough a d es e r t
country for a distanc e of ov er si x hu ndr e d m i l es . I
fe d t he m en as w ell as I c ould but no one offi c er o r , ,

privat e had a nythi n g str onge r than t ea t o drink duri ng

,

t he exp editi o n T he m enhad p eculi a rly hard work t o

.

d o an d th ey did it w e ll and with out a murmur ’’

,
In .

his r ec ent Egyptia n campaign he carri ed ou t t he sam e

pl a n a nd t he tr oops w ho captur ed T el cl K ebir dra n k
,
- -

n othi ng but t ea which was s erve d ou t to th em three

,

tim e s a d ay .

We hav e s een ho w much s om e of t he l eadi n g

lit erary m en of t he l a st c entury wer e i n d ebt ed t o
t ea ,
an d how en thusi a stic w e r e th eir p rais es of it ;

t o e n um e rat e t he c el ebrat e d m en of mor e r ec ent t im e s

w ho h av e plac e d th eir appr eciati on of it o n r ec o rd

w ould b e t o tr ench t oo much u p on ou r avail a bl e spac e ,

 3 0

f or th eir n am e is l egi on but t he curi ous will fi nd mu ch

i nformati o n on t he p oi nt in Mr A Rea de s int er e sting
. .
’

l ittl e b oo k on T ea“
an d als o in his b oo k o n
,
”
Study “

a n d Stimula nts
"
.

T he pr edicti on th a t t ea is t o b e t he n ati on a l

b e v er a g e of Engla n d s eems r a pidly fu lfilli n g its el f ;

t he c on sumpti on h e r e is still i ncr e asi ng by l eaps“

a nd b ou n ds .
”
Fi fty years a g o p ou nds
a nn um fully suppli ed all r equir e m en ts : t o
p er
dya -

p ou n ds ar e bar ely s u ff ci ent for h om e

i

c o n sumpti o n a l o ne Fi fty y ea rs a g o t he c onsumpti o n

.

o f t ea was littl e ov er one p ou n d p er h ead of t he

p opulati on : t o d ay it is a b out fi ve p ou n ds p er h ea d
-
.

O u r c ou ntrym e n who hav e l eft ou r sh o r es t o s eek new

h o m e s b ey on d t he s e as hav e c a rri ed with th e m th eir

t ast e fo r t ea a n d l a rge quantiti e s a r e a nn u a lly t a k e n

,

b y Austr a lia Canada a n d ou r oth e r C ol oni es

,
.

Vast a n d rapid as has b ee n t he i ncr eas e in t he

d e mand ,
t he supply has fully k ept p ac e with it .

O u r I ndian Empir e alth ough it has only b ee n

,

a t ea gr o wi n g
-
c ou ntry ab out thirty ye ars s en ds us ,

o v er p ounds a nnually o r m ore th a n

,

h al f of ou r t otal r eq uir e m ents a n d I ndia its e l f has

,

n ow t o fac e i n C eylon a c o mp etit or which alth ough

,

ou n g has alr ad prov e d a m ost dang e r ous rival ;

y ,
e
y
 31

a nd xp erim ental plantings a r e b ei n g mad e by our

e

c o u ntrym e n in Fij i a nd N a t a l by I talia n s i n S icily

, ,

b y Russians i n t he Caucasus a n d by Am ericans i n,

C ali fo r nia.

T hus w e have trac e d t he hist o ry of t he c onsumpti on

o f t ea fr o m its i n c e pti on with t he t e nt a tiv e i n tr o ducti o n
,

o f t he strang e Chi n es e
,
b everag e as a curi osity t w o
h u n dr e d a n d s ev en ty y e ars a g o t o its c ol o ssal pr o porti on s
,

a t t he p r es e nt day wh en by e v e ry class o f ou r p o pul a ti on

, , ,

f r o m pri n c e t o paup er it is dru n k onc e o r twic e a day

,
-

a n d t he e n o rm ous d ebt huma n ity o w e s t o this p r eci ous

h e rb is ackn o wl edge d o n all hands Gr eat i nd ee d

.

w ould b e t he blank in English s ocial li fe w e r e w e

d epriv ed of t e a . T he brai n w ork e r w oul d fi n d t he

-

s train of sustai ne d th ought still mor e i nt o l e rabl e i n t he

n oisy w orld of to day ; t he man of busi ness w ould find

-

i t still m or e di ff icult t o mai ntain t he high pr e ssur e of

m od ern c omm erc e ; t he s ol d i e r and sail or a n d lab our e r

“

would b e d ep riv ed of t he b est and sa fest of stimula nts

t he athl et e of one of t he fe w com fo rts l eft t o hi m by

t he strict rul es of trai n ing ; t he watch e r by t he sick

b ed would find her task d oubly h eavy ; t he w e ary

s eamstr e ss would find t he strain of p ov e rty hard e r to

e ndur e ; and t he lady of fashi o n w ould sadly miss her

f i ve o clock t e a s which hav e of lat e play ed so im p orta n t

’
 32

and r efr eshing a part in t he whirl of t he fashion abl e

day ; and last but n ot l east Her Maj esty s Cust oms
, ,
’

would los e a s olid r ev enu e of four millions st erli ng

r annum
p e .
H IS TO RY OF T HE TEA T RA D E
IN EN GL A N D .

t he t ea trad e in E n gland wa s for m or e than

a c entury a nd a hal f a m on op oly in t he ha n ds
-

of t he East I ndia C ompa ny w e may bri efl y sketch

,

t he ris e of that i n stituti on .

Ab out t he b egin n ing of t he 1 6th c entury t he

e xclusiv e right o f tradi ng with t he East was s ecur e d
t o t he P ortugu e s e by a Papal B ull but it pass ed i n t o
,

t he ha n ds of t he S p a n iards wh e n th ey c on qu er e d

P ortugal i n 1 5 80 ; s oon a ft erwards duri ng t he struggl e

,

b etw een E ngla n d and Spai n which led t o t he d estru o

,

ti on of t he S p anish n avy t he Spanish East I n diam en

,

captur ed by t he E ng li sh p r ov ed such rich priz e s

‘

b ei ng lad en with silks spic es pr e ci ous st on es and

, ,

C
 34

precious m etals that t he E nglish m erch ants and s eam e n

,

d e t ermi ned on op eni ng up t he t reasur es of t he E st a

t o E nglish e nt erpris e a n d a chart e r of inc orp o r a ti o n

,

was on t he last day of 1 60 0 gr a nt ed t o a c orp or a ti on

, ,

und e r t he titl e of T he G overn or a nd C omp a ny o f

“

M erch a nts of L on d on tradi n g i nt o t he East I nd i es ~

.

U nd e r this cha rte r t he C omp any acquir ed with ,

vari ous oth er privil eges t he right t o exclud e a ny

,

p ers on fr om trading with a ny c ou ntry b ey on d t he

Cap e of G oo d H op e or t he Straits of Ma ge ll an with out
a lic en c e fr o m t he C o mp a ny .

I n 1 6 3 4 o ne of t he C o mp a ny s c a pt a ins p en etr a t e d
,
’

int o Chi na a n d succ eed ed i n est ablishi ng c omm erci al

r el a ti on s with C a nt on a nd i n 1 6 6 9 t he imp ort ati on
,

of t ea fr om H oll a nd t o which c ou ntry it was

,

br ought by t he ships of t he D utch E a st I ndia

C o mpa ny w as pr ohibit ed and t he t ea tra de thus
, ,

b ec a m e a m onop oly of t he E ast I ndia C omp a ny ,

and th ey r etai ne d t he exclusiv e privil ege of i m

p orti ng t ea i nt o this c ou ntry for m or e tha n a
c e ntury a n d a h al f Th eir c onsig n m ents at first w er e
-
.

small ; i n 1 6 6 9 th ey r ec e ived fr om th eir st ati on a t

Ba ntam i n J a v a t w o c a nist e rs c ontai n i ng one h u n dr e d
, , ,

a n d fo rty thr ee p ou n ds a nd e ight ou nc e s

-
Th eir imp orts .

for t he n ext y e a r w er e four p ots w eighi ng s e v e nty n i ne

,
-
 35

p ounds si x ounc es ; a nd in 1 6 71 th ey r ec e iv ed t w o
hundred and sixty four p ou nds b ei n g a t otal for t he
-
,

thr ee years of four hu n dr e d an d e ighty si x pounds of -

,

which no l ess than one hundr e d a nd thirty t wo p ounds -

wer e dam a ge d T he s ound t ea a pp e ars t o hav e b ee n

.

res erve d for t he u se of t he C ourt of C ommitt ee a nd

for p r es e nts whil e t he damag e d t e a was s old in th eir
,

sal e for thr ee shillings and twop enc e p er p ou n d .

D uring t he n ext six years th eir i mp ort ati ons c eas ed ,

and i n 1 6 72 4 t hey purchas ed fr om vari ous p e rs on s

-

Garway t he c off ee h ous e k eep er a m ongst th e m fift y

- —
, ,

, si x p ounds t en ounc es chi e fl y for distributi o n as

,

pr e s ents ; t w o p ou n ds t w o ounc e s of t he fin est b eing

pres ent ed t o t he Ki n g . I n 1 6 78 how e ver th ey
, ,

imp ort ed n ear ly lbs which app ea rs t o have

.
,

glutt e d t he market as th eir imp orts w e r e m er e ly

,

n Om i nal for s e v e ral y e ars a ft e r .

I n 1 6 8 3 t he E n glish w e r e driv e n ou t of B a ntam by

t he D utch which put an e n d t o t he imports fr o m that

,

quart er ; a n d in 1 6 84 t he D ire ct ors wr ot e as follows

t o th e ir ag en t i n Madras : I n r egard t o T h e a it is
“
,

gr o w n t o b e a c o mm odity h er e ; a nd w e h a ve O ccasi on ‘

t o mak e pr e s e nts th er e in t o ou r gr eat fri e n ds a t C ourt .

We w ould hav e you s en d us y early fiv e or six c a n ist e rs

of t he very b est a nd fr esh e st t ea ; that which will
 3 6

c ol our t he wat er in which it is i nfus ed m ost o f a ,

gr eenish c ompl exi on is g en erally b est acc ept ed

,
In .
”

1 6 8 5 th ey r e c e iv e d chi efly fr om Surat ove r

, ,
lbs .

S om e old st ock disp os ed o f by th e m a b out this tim e

’

must h av e b ee n of v ery in feri o r quality as it r ea lised

,

o n ly f r o m fo u rp e nc e t o sixp e nc e p er p ou n d b ei n g ,

graphic ally d escrib ed a s tr a sh t ea fr om Ba ntam

“
.
”

Th eir imp orts fr o m this tim e rapidly i ncr eas ed a nd ,

i n 1 7 2 6 w e fi n d n entry of o ne carg o by t he
a , C aes ar “
,

of lbs o n which th ey paid duty t o t he am ou n t

.
,

of

T he fo ll o w i ng is a d escripti on of t he vari ous ki nds

o f t ea imp o rt ed by t he C ompa ny i n 1 73 0 fr om a ,

c ont emp o r a ry writ er I t w ill b e not ed th at at this

.

p eri od all t he black ki nds w er e i nclud ed u n d e r t he

h ead of B oh ea a nam e which sh o rtly aft er was
“ ”
,

r e x clu si v ely appli e d t o t he l o w e st gr a d e

O f B o h ea call e d by t he Chin es e V oui Bui

“ ”
,
or , ,

we hav h
e t e fo ll o wi n g s o rts imp ort e d viz
,
—1 Pek oe .
,

which has t he m ost pl easa nt an d d elicat e flav our of

all this first cl a ss ; its l eaf is very small a n d black a nd ,

has m any sm all whit e fl ow ers mix e d with it its liqu o r

is n ot of o d eep a ti ncture as t he r est a nd cr ea ms
s ,

briskly wh en p ou r ed ou t ; t he wat er must st an d on it

a c o n sid e r a bl e tim e t o draw o u t its virtu e s twill ’
and ,
 37

b ear four o r fi ve s u n dry wat ers The cl os e r c onnection .

or c o h e si on of its principl e s r e nd e rs it m o r e balsamic

,

and als o h er eby it gr ows b ett e r by k eepi ng which is ,

t he r ev ers e of Gr ee n T ea T he pr c e of this at pr es e n t
. i

—
is 1 5/ p er p ound with s 2 C o ng o which has a
u . .
,
’

larger l ea f and is of a d eep e r br o w n c l our tha n t he

,
o

fo rm er ; this will b e ar fi ve wat e rs b u t th e n th ey must ,

n ot sta n d l ong up on it for unl e ss t he wat e r is pr es en tly

,

p oure d off t he wh ol e str en gth of t he t ea will b e draw n

,

out at o nc e H en c e i f you mix Pek oe a nd C o n g o you

.
, ,

sh a ll have an admirabl e fi ne t ea ; you have all t he

good ness of t he last i n t he first t w o w a t ers a n d of ,

t he first i n t he last t w o or thr ee but ev en th e n t he ,

wat er sh oul d n ot stand l ong This is s old t 1 4/ a . a

p ou nd —3 C omm on B oh ea is black er and l a rge r l eaved

.

th a n eith er of the form er a nd sm ells a n d t a st es m or e

,

fai nt n ot u n lik e dri ed hay ; it giv es t he w a t er t he

,

d eep est tincture of all a n d t w o or thr ee wat e rs draw

,

ou t its s tr en gth a n d v i r t u e . Pric e 1 2/ p er p ound

. .

T he di ff e r e nt s orts of Gr ee n T e a a r e th e s e

I. Hys o n so call e d fr om t he nam e of a rich East

,

I ndia m erch ant w ho was t he first imp ort er of it ; it

,

has a small er h a rd e r a n d m or e curl ed l ea f tha n t he

, ,

c omm on gr een ; tis of a m or e blu e c ol ou r t ast es crisp

’
,

in t he m outh wh en ch ew ed an d a ft erwards l ooks gr een

,
 38

up on t he ha nd I t scarc e tinctur es t he wat er (with a

.

pal e gr eenness) wh en str ongest a n d yet is of a m ost ,

d elici ous tast e All or m ost of t he l e aves sh ou ld b e of

.

a cl ea r bluish gr e en fo r i f th ey s ee m d e cay e d
-
o l o ok r
, ,

br ow n or bl ackish t he t e a is old a nd has l ost p art of

,

its virtu e O r i f you p our out a cup ful of its liq u or

.
, ,

a n d le t it st a n d a ll n ight i f its c ol our c o nti n u es th en

,

’
tis g ood ; b u t i f th at fa d es its virt u es a re g one , ,

e sp eci a lly i f its d elicat e sm ell and bitt erish sw ee t tast e -

b e imp a ir e d Th i s t ea will b e r four or fi ve w at ers

. a ,

a n d r eq u ir e s n ot so much t e a t o t he sam e q u n tity of a

w a t er s t he oth er Tis s eld om us ed al one b u t mix ed

’
a .
,

with c omm o n gr een o n e p art t o thr ee of t he l a st T he

,
.

pric e is 3 6 / p e p ou n d —2 I mp eri a l Gr ee n T a ; this

r . . e

is of a l ight e r gr een c ol ou r has a m or e fl t l arge l oos e

,
a
, ,

l eaf th a n e ith er t he last or th os e which foll ow Tis .

’

gr ee n t o t he eye crisp i n t he m outh and pr etty pl ea s a n t

, ,

t ot he sm ell but has t he fa i nt est t a st e of a ny gr een t e a

,
.

I ts sp ecific g r avity is t he l east of all its pri ncipl es sit ,

l oos est a n d th e r efore t w o wat e rs will dr a w off its

,
'

.
—
str ength Pric e 1 8/ p er p ou nd 3 C omm o n Gr een .

T ea of t he b ett e r s ort has not so l rg e a l ea f as t he a

l a st is of a d a rk e r gr een c ol our r ou gh er a nd m or e
, , ,

a stri ng e nt t o t he tast e twill b ea r thr e e or four wat ers

’
.

r —
Pric e 5/ p e p ound 4 O rdi n ary Green T ea is yet
1 . .
 39

of a dark e r (or i f very c oars e of a light whitish green ) ,

c ol our n eith e r so pl e asant to t he t asfe n or sm e ll a n d

, ,

is s o oner dra w n off Pric e 1 3 / p er p ou n d . D utch .

Bl oo m is a v ery fi ne Gr een T ea and b ea rs a pr op orti on ,

abl e rat e ; tis pr obably one of t he Japan Te as but

’
, , ,

h a vi n g s een n one of it I will not pr etend t o d escrib e ,

o r judg e — 6 Th er e gr o ws als o a v ery r ough c oars e u n

.
, ,

G r ee n T ea i n t he N orth e rn Pr o vi n c e of K en si
'

p l e as a n t ,

which t he h a rdy C a n n ibal Tartars t he pr es ent masters ,

of Chi n a u se wh o s e d elicat e dis h is raw h ors e fl esh

,
-
,

a n d wh en th e ir di nn e r sits u n e asily up on th e ir st o mach

,

t h ey dri nk of t his a nd it rar ely fa ils t o r est or e th eir

,

a pp etit e a n d dig esti o n .

T he d ow nward c ours e of pric e s sinc e Th omas

Gar w ay s handbill was publish e d may b est b e trac e d

’

by a few s el ect ed adv ertis em ents I n t he T atl er .

“
,

o f March 1 71 0
,
w e find R T at e at t he
,
‘
Star i n “
.
, ,
’

B ed ford C ourt ne ar B ed ford Str eet C ov en t Gard en

, ,

o ff e ri n g t he fi n e st B oh e a at 1 2 / 1 6/ 2 0/ a nd 2 4/
a nd all s orts of Gr een t he l ow est 1 2 / I n 1 740
, ,

a gr o c e r succ ess or t o t he fath er of C owl ey t he p oet at

, , ,

t he sh o p which st oo d on t he sit e of 1 9 2 Fl eet Str eet , ,

q u ot ed his pric e s a s foll ows T he fi nest Ca p e r T ea “

at 2 4/ p er lh fine G unp owd er at 1 8 / p er lb Hys on

.
, .
,

at 1 6/ p er lh a nd B oh ea at 7/ p er lb
.
,
.
 40

A c i rc u la r of May 8 th , ,
1 76 o , fix s e t he wh ol es al e
p ric e s curr ent as fo ll ows

BL A CK T EA S . G RE E N TEA S .

Bh bo ea , e st kyg
T w an a , ood

C g g
on ou , oo d Hy g d
s on , oo

fi ne fi ne
b est G un p o w d er , g oo d . .

S ou c hong , g ood fi ne
b est b e st

In William B en nett of 1 1 G eorge Y ar d

1 6
79 , , , ,

L omb a rd Str eet qu ot es far l ow e r pric es as foll ows

, ,

G
5 .

C mm B h
o on o ea , oo d , B es t 2

C g l f ki nd , a nd Fi C g l eaf

G
on ou ea ne on ou 2

C g on o u , to oo d 3 7 a nd 3
Fi 4
p
ne 3 9 to

Su er fi ne 5
Souc h g Fi 4 6

p
on ,
to ne to 7
Su fi 8
S p fi
er ne 7 3 to

Pk
C mm G G d
e oe , to u er ne 7
o on re e n , oo 3
B d es t it t o .
3
C l dl f b
ur e h C mm ea , et t e r t an o on 3
ky d i l
T w an Fi S ng 4
Fi G e d Bl m
a an o, to ne

ne re n an oo .
4 6 to 5
Hy ki d
G d
s on n 5 2 to 5
Hy 6 6

S p fi
so n , to oo O to

Fi H y 7/ to

G p d
ne s on , to u er ne 9 o 9

/ G T ea 9 ood 6

pfi
un ow er , 10 to w 1

Su er ne 12 0 to 1 4
 4
1

Alth ou gh pric e s w er e thus c o mi n g d o w n it is

“

e vid e nt that t he t en d ency of t he m on op oly w as t o

t e nd t o k eep pric es ab ove t he l ev el th a t th ey w ou ld
nat u r a lly fi n d in a c omp etitiv e m a rk et a nd as a ,

matt e r of fact t he pric es on for eig n m a rk ets w er e

c o nsid er bly l ow er th a n th os e t he C o mp a ny w as abl e
a

t o exact fr o m E n glish b u y e rs ; statistici a ns c o mput e

th at i n t he latt e r yea rs of t he C o mp a ny s mon op oly ’

t he c ons u mers of t ea in this c ou ntry ha d t o pay

st erli n g a ye a m or e for th eir t ea than t he
- r

sa m e q u a ntiti es a nd q u aliti es c ould b e b ought for o n

t he o p e n mark ets of t he C o nti n e n t .

I n t he h op e of i n s om e d e gr ee l e ss e n i ng this a bus e ,

t he G ov e r n m ent f r o m tim e t o tim e wh en l egisl a ti n g o n

t he t e a duty o r r e n e wi n g t he C o mp a ny s ch a rt e r i ntr o
’
, ,

d u c e d sp ecific r egulati o n s fo r c o n tr o lli n g t he s u pply ;

th u s up on t he r e adjustm e nt of d u ty i n 1 745 it was

,
-
,

e n a ct e d that a s t he r e ducti o n w o u ld t e n d t o i ncr e a s e

t he c on sumpti o n t he C ompa ny sh ould b e e mp o w e r e d

, ,

u p on givi ng n otic e t o t he C ommissi o ners of t he

Tr ea s u ry t o imp ort a ny qu a ntity of t ea that might
,

b e n ec e ss a ry fr o m t he c onti nen t o f E u r o p e a n d i f,

t he C ompa n y sh ould r efus e or b e u n abl e t o bri n g

,

fo rward a su ffi ci e n t quantity t he G ov e r n m en t t oo k
,

p o w er t o th ems elv es ,
t o gra nt
“
lic e nc e s t o oth er
 4 2

p ers ons b odi es p olitick or c orp or at e t o imp ort tea

,

fr o m part of Eur op e th s p w r h v r ”
an
y ; o e o w e e i
,

was nev er p u t in ex ercise a n d pric es w ere still k ept ,

up ab ov e t he n orm al l ev el of oth er markets Acc or d .

i ng ly in 1 78 4 wh en a furth er m odific a ti o n o f d uti e s

,

t ook plac e t he G over n m en t l egislat ed not o nly as t o

,

t he supp ly but a s t o t he pric e a n d i n 2 4 G e o rg e III

, ,
.
,

cap 3 8 s 5 it is set fo rth

.
,
.
,

WA i i j d bl h U i t he sa i d n ted

C mp y h ld i C
ND H E RE A S t s ust a n r e a s o na e t at

i f h g B fi hi h m on s i d e r a t on o t w

h i C mm f m R d i f D i h b y
o an s ou ,
n t e re a t e ne c ay

r e su l t to t e r o erce ro t he e u ct on o u t es e re

m d a e, b hi m
c on t r i d v
ut e f t i g e r ut os t en ea o u rs or se c u r n to t he

P b l i h f ll B fi h h i ll i f m m m d d
t w ic w i i ate
p m Rd i f P b f h
u c t e u ene a r se ro an e an

d b r i ce s it y t he
A h y f i h h i d U i d C m p y h ll
er a ne nt e u c t on o ; e u rt er e na c t e

ut or i t d, T
p g h p d xp
a o re sa at t e sa n te o an s a , a s so o n

m f be t e r t he a ss i n of is A
p b li S l
as ay a t ct , ut up an e o se to

u c l Fi v M ll
a e, at f P
t he d W gh f
e a st , e i i o ns o oun s ei t o T ea ;
a nd s h ll i l i k M m h im b f d t he 3 r st

f D
a n e a nne r , a t so e ot er t e e o re a
y
o m ece h d v h d d d gh y
b er o ne t m k
o u sa n se en un re an ei t -
fo u r , a e

h l h i h h y h ll i l k m
,

Sa i t he

h d d h d p d W gh f
a no t er e, at w t e a n e a nne r ut u at
p c S p
l east M i ll
t wo i ons fi v e un re t ousan oun s ei t o T ea
'

d h ll h m k l F Sl '

an S af dt e nc e or w ar c o n t i nu e t o a e at t he e a st o ur a es

in v yy d v ly m l e n i e nt be
Di
e er e ar , an as ne ar as c on ay at e qu a

f m
st a n c e s o d h ll p Ti hS l hQ u a nt i t i e s

pp ly D m d
p e , an s a ut u at s uc a e s suc

o f T ea h ll j g d as s a be ud e s u ffi c i e nt to su t he e an a nd

h h v y h l h ll b
,

a nd b Sa t he T ea t o

h i gh B i dd p vi d h
t at at eac e er su c e e p ut up s a e

ld h R v wit t o t he ed

P y p P d h ll b b i d p P
so ou t e s er e es t er, ro t at an

Ad v f
a nc e o O ne e nn er oun s a e u on ri ce s at

hi h m h ll b p p d h
t he h F fi l Sa
p ig f h
w c sa e s a e ut u ; an t at at t e ou r r st es

h i h h ll b m d f P t e r t he is A ct , t he r i ce s

h ll b p p d x p d S l h ll
w c s a e a e a a ss n o t at

hi h
,

w c d t he sa i Tea s a e ut u an e ose to a e s a no t
 43

e x ce e d t he fo ll ow i n g ra t es , vi z —F or
: Bh o ea T e a , O ne S i i n h ll g
C g P S h ll i g
.

a nd S e v e np e n c e p er o u nd ; for on o T ea O ne i d n an

Fi p p P d f S h g h S h ll i g
,

T ea , T i d
h p
ve e nc e er ou n ; or ouc on ree n s an

T re e p P d f Hy T F
e nce er ou n ; or s on ea , our S h i ll g d in s an

E le v en P d d h i h ll b i m t at not at T
h f l f l f h id U i d C mp y p p h i
p p e nc e er ou n ; an t s a e, a ny e

aw u t T ea
P i h i h h ll p
ere a t er , or e sa n te o an to ut u t e r

f S l a e a t a ny Wh l f T w t he t he

x d h P im C h f i h
or r c es c s a , u on o e o ea so

S l t he

F gh d Ch g f I m p i g h i h l f l I
p ut
p u at a ny o ne a e, e cee t e r e o st t ere o w t

re i t an ar es o o r t a t on , to et er w t aw u nt ere s t

f m im f h A i v l Of
t he T hT G Bi i d
t in
P mi m f I C mp i f
ro e o e rr a su c ea re a t r t a n, an

t h e mm co on re u o ns u r a nc e , a s a o e nsa t o n or t he

S Ri k i
ea d h
s nc u rre t ere o n .

T he C o mpa n y w e re als o c omp e ll ed t o k eep i n

w a r eh ous e i n L on d on a st ock of t ea eq u al t o one ,

yea r s c onsumpti on ; but d espit e all this l egislati on

’
,

t he burd e n of t he m on op oly still pr ess e d h ea vily o n

t he c o nsum e r ; i n fact t o a gr e a t ext e n t t he e ,

r

stricti ons imp os ed by t he G ov e r n m ent on t he C o mp a ny

o p e rat e d i n t he ex a ct opp osit e dir e cti o n t o which th e y

w er e in t en d ed as th ey i ncr eas e d t he exp en s es i ncid e nt

,

t o t he imp o rt o f t e a a n d t he m o no p o ly a ll l egisl ati on

, ,

n otwithst a ndin g e na bl e d t he C o mpa ny t o ext o rt at

,

th eir s a l es such exc e ssiv e pric es th a t t ea c ould o nly

b e r et a il ed at a c o st which e xc ept t o t he w ell t o d o ,
- -

was pr ohibitive .

T he foll owi n g d escripti on of t he l e a di n g ki n ds of

t ea p u t up i n t he quart e rly s a l e s a b ov e pr ovi d e d for ,

is t ak en fr om a w ork on t he tr a d e publish e d i n 1 8 2 7 .
 44

T he foll owi n g nam es with a d escripti on of

ar e t he

t he app eara nc e flav o ur et c of t he t eas imp ort ed i nt o

, ,
.
,

this c ountry by t he East I n dia C ompany

BLACK TEA .

BOH EA —T he w o rst d escripti on of bl a ck t e a c on

.
,

tai n i ng a v e ry c onsid er abl e pro p orti on of dust mix ed ,

with larg e fl at br ow n a nd br ow nish green l eaves -

.

B oh ea on i nfusi on generally imparts a d a rk a nd

, ,

dull br o w n ish r ed c ol our t o wat er which on sta ndi ng

-

, ,
‘

d ep osits a black s edim ent .

U
C O N G O — C ong ous form ab out fi ve s evenths of t he
.
-

t ea s imp ort ed by t he E a st I ndi a C ompa ny s om e s orts

p oss ess a c oars eness which appr oach e s a B oh ea oth ers ,

o n t he c o ntr a ry a r e full of rich fragr a nc e a n d flav o ur

, ,

a n d partak e of S ouch o n g o r P e k oe o n i nfusi o n C o ng o u

imparts a d eep tra n sp a r ent r ed c ol our a nd in t a st e ,

p oss ess es a str ong a n d pl easa nt bitt e r with a rich a nd

p eculiarly pl easa nt flav our .

U
S O CH O N G —A fi ne black t ea similar i n a pp eara nc e
.
,

t o C o n g o u b u t g ene rally larg e r

,
o n in fusi o n S ouch o n g ,

imp arts a light but b ea u ti fully tra nspare nt r e d c ol our

t o w a t e r a n d p oss ess es a m ost de
,
lightful fl a v our .

P
C A M 0 1 — I s a n i nferi or ki n d of Souch ong
. .

K
P E O E — T he rich est and m ost d elici ou s flav our ed
.
 45

o f allt eas imp ort ed int o this c ountry T he l eav es are .

l ong bl a ck a nd wiry tipp ed at t he e nd with whit e

, , ,

o r whitish gr e y -
O n i n fusi on P e k oe imparts t o wat e r
.
,
.

a rich transpare nt r ed appr oa chi n g t o crims o n c ol our

, ,

‘
a nd t he i nfusi o n is fragrant as Gard ens of Gii l in
th eir bl oom .
’

I n t he ch ests c on taini ng this t e a t he Chi nes e oft e n

“

put o rris r oot .

CA E PR Sh ort curl ed blackish l ea ves ; t he gr eat

.
-

‘ ‘ ‘
bulk n ow i mp o rt ed a r e fa i nt od d or fishy ,
’
,
’ ’
,

a n d of th es e t he liqu o r on sta n ding d e p osits a sa n dy

, ,

s edim ent i nt e rmix e d with m etallic p a rt i c leS which ,

pr obably c o mpos ed t he c e m ent of which t he balls are

fo rm e d

T E T SO N G — A n ill e gitimat e S ouch o n g T e a

. .

PA D RA E P O U C H O N G E T c e r e —Th es e ar e v e ry fi n e
, ,
.
,

delicat e flav our ed t eas ge n erally imp ort ed i n t he rich

,

pr es ent b oxes brought ov er by t he offi c e rs of t he

I ndi am en Th es e t eas are ge nerally fold e d i n small
.

p a rc els i n fi ne Chin es e pap er and are chi efly of t he ,

S ouch o ng ki nd a n d flav ou r .

Th ere a re oth er d escripti ons of Black T ea but th ey ,

a e so littl e k n o w n as scarc ely t o d es e rv e n otic e

r s u ch
;

as Gamh o so c all e d fr o m t he pr ovinc e wh e r e i t g ro w s

,

it is a pal e l ooki ng t ea a nd has a vi ol et sm ell

-
.
 46

G REE N TEAS .

T WA
N K —
A Y A c o mm on gr ee n t ea pl enti fully i nt er
.
,

mix e d with l arge fl at a nd y ell ow l eav es O n i nfusi on .

it imp arts a y ell owish light brow n c ol our t o w a t er is ,

slightly bitt er with r a th er a fishy fl avour

,
.

O —
H S N Bright curl ed gr een l eav es O n i nfusi o n
Y . .

it imp a rts a primr os e c ol our t o wat er ; it p oss ess es a

pl ea sa nt brisk ness a nd a gr eeabl e fl avour .

UP R
G N O WD E di ffers fro m Hys on o nly in a pp eara nc e .

T he s a m e writ er giv es t he foll owi ng d e scripti on of

.

t he m e th o d of c o n ducti n g t he wh ol es a l e t ea tr ad e

duri ng t he l atter d ays of t he C omp a ny s m onop oly ’

.

T he t e a s a l es a t t he I n di a H ous e ar e h eld qu a rt erly

“
,

viz i n M arch Ju ne S ept emb er a nd D ec emb er at

.
, , , ,

which non e but sw or n t ea br ok ers ar e a ll ow ed t o bid ,

a nd w ho ,
c ons equ ently m u st not b e t ea d eal ers T he
,
.

r oo m i n which t he s a l e is h eld is t he c ourt i n which t he

pr opri et ors m eet t o tr a ns act th eir aff a irs T he s al e .

ge ner a lly occ u pi e s a b out t en d ays d u ri ng which tim e

,

n ois e a n d c o nfusi o n r e ig n T o t he u n i niti at e d a t ea

.

s a l e a pp ears t o b e a m er e a r ena i n which t he c omp ar a

tiv e str e ngth of t he l u ngs of a p orti on of his Maj esty s ’

subj ects ar e t o b e tri ed .

“
T he wh ol es a l e t e a d ea l ers a tt en d th es e qu arterly
 47

t ea sal es purch as e by th eir brok ers a qua ntity of

a nd

te
a su fli ci ent for th eir tr a d e t he whol e or a p a rt of
,

which a cc ording t o circumstanc es is t a k e n h om e t o

, ,

th eir priv a t e w a r eh ous es wh er e t he di ffer ent s orts a nd

,

fl a v ours ar e mix ed t ogeth er t o m eet t he wish es of th eir

cust om ers .
”

As tim e w en t on public O pini on b ec a m e m or e a nd

m or e a live t o t he dra wb acks of t he m o nop oly ; not o nly
had e n orm ous pric e s t o b e ch a rg e d t o c o v er t he l a rg e

p rofits t he C omp a ny put on th eir t ea nd th eir r eckl ess a

exp e nditur e but i n every way t he busi ne ss was

,

i ne fli ci ent ly c o n duct e d ; m en of n o c o mm ercial ex p er i

e nc e a nd cramp ed id ea s rul e d t he C o mp a ny ; t he
q u liti e s of c ourag e for esight e nergy e nterpris e a nd
a , , , ,

o rigi n a lity in th eir s e rvants w er e distast eful t o th e m ;

,

th e ir d esir e was s ol ely t o k ee p busi ness i n its old

ch a nnels a nd pursu e th eir ow n high a n d dry m e th ods ,

which had b een in v ogu e for c enturi es but t he tim e had ,

c o m e wh en m od ern c o mm erc e c ould no l onger b e

cr mp e d by such b onds
a .

I n 1 8 2 8 a n i nv estig ati on w s m a d e i n t o t he
a

C omp a ny s m a nn er of c onducti n g t he t ea tr a d e a n d
’

t he r e s u lt sh ow e d th a t a lth ough t he public paid t he

C o mp ny for t ea fr o m g
a ,
to g

sterli ng ev ery y ea r over and ab ov e t he pric e at which

 48

such t ea s c ould b e b ought for in N ew York o r

H a mburg y et t he C omp ny o nly sh ow ed a pr ofit of

,
a

a b out er a nnum t he r e st b e i ng sw a ll ow e d
p ,

up i n extr ava ga n t a dmi n istrati on .

I t w as obvi ous that t he m onop oly w as d oomed ,

a nd wh en i n 1 8 3 4 t he tim e cam e for t he r ene wa l of

,

t he Ch a rt er t he Act 3
, 4 Willi
,
m
a I V .0 . 8 5 b o
, lish
a e d

t he m on op oly a n d thr ew op e n t he trad e t o all .

 THE TEA DU TY

L
A MO ST imm e diat ely o n its first intr o ducti on t e a
was s eiz e d up o n by t he G overnm e nt as a s ourc e of
r evenu e and it has ev er sinc e had to contribute larg ely
,

to t he exch equ er of this c ountry .

’

In 1 660 a tax of 8 d p er gallon was imp os e d on all

.

t ea mad e for sal e in t he c off e e hous es and t he k eep e rs of

-

th e m w ere r eq uir e d t o take out lic enc e s at t he Q uart er

S essions an d e nt er int o s ecuriti es for t he d u e paym e nt
of this duty ; n e gl ect was punishabl e by a p e nalty of

fi ve p ounds p er m o n th . T he duty was coll ect e d by

o ffi c ers o f t he Excis e w ho mad e t he rounds of t he

,

lic ens e d coff e e h ous es at stated p eri ods to tak e acc ount
-

of t he numb e r ofa g ll ons s old a nd up on t he t otals

,

fur n ish ed duty was charg ed As might have b een

.

e x p e ct ed,
t he r e sults obtain e d und e r this s yst e m of

col le ction w er e anything but satisfact o ry ; but it

r emain ed In forc e until t he r e ign of William a nd

D
 50

M ary , wh en , in 1 an Act was pas sed which set

6 8 9,

f orth that I t b eing found by exp eri ence that c oll ecting
t he Excis e d u t u on t he liqu o rs of c off ee t n d
y p
‘

e a a ,

c h oc olat e w as tr oubl e s o m e nd u n e quala u p on t he

retail e rs a n d r equir e d s u ch a n att e n danc e of offi c ers

,

a s r e n d e r e d t he r ec e ipt th e r e of v e ry i n c o nv e ni e n t it ”
,
,

was r es olv e d t o disc onti nu e it a nd in plac e a C u st oms

,

duty on t e a of 5 s p er 1h w a s imp os ed
. . .

Aft er ma ny alt erati ons an d m u ch l egislati on d u ri ng ,

which t he tax on i mp orts of t ea was incr eas e d t o 5 0 p e r

c e nt of its valu e a C o mm u t ti on Act was passe d i n

.
,
a

1 7 84 r e ducing it t o 1 2 5 e r c e nt a nd imp o sing a t ax

p
5
.
,

o n wi n d ows in its plac e I n 1 79 6 h ow e v e r n ew duti es

.
, ,

w er e charg e d ,
a nd th ey w er e grad u a lly i n cr e as ed
u ntil th ey am ou nt e d t o 9 6 and 1 00 p er c ent o n t he .

valu e ; th es e h eavy t x e s ha d t he natural effect of

a

e nc o uraging smuggli n g a n d a d u lt e r a ti on which w er e ,

carri e d on t o a n e n orm o u s ext ent S ev e ra l c ommitt ee s

.

of t he H o u s e o f C o mm on s ex a mi ne d t he qu esti o n a n d ,

n o l e ss tha n p o u n ds of fictiti ous t e a w s a

'

a n nu a lly ma n u fa ctu r ed i n d i ff er en t p arts of E ngl an d

fr o m sl oe l e av e s a sh l ea v e s
,
nd liqu o ric e
,
a at this tim e
t he t ot a l q u a ntity of g e n u i n e t e a imp ort e d was only

a b o ut p ou nds p e annu m Aga i n in 1 8 1 8

r .
, ,

a noth er c o mmitt ee r e p o rt e d th a t milli ons of p ounds “

 p

3 1

w e ight of sl oe and ash tr ee l eav es a re e ve ry year

-

mixe d wit h Chi nes e t e a i n E ngla n d Sh ortly a ft er .

t he expirati on of t he East I ndi a C o mpany s m on op oly

’

t he duti e s w e r e much r e d u c e d and a n ew syst e m of

c o ll e cti on was i ntr oduc e d t he duty b e i ng fix e d in 1 8 3 6

,

at 25. 1d p e
. r p ou n d i n st e a d of a p er c e ntag e on

t he valu e . This w a s rais e d t o 2 5 z i d in 1 840 by .

a
.

t he imp o siti o n of a n extra 5 p er c e n t a nd by 1 8 4 4 .

,

t he duty r ea lis e d mor e tha n four milli on s and a hal f -

p ounds sterling Agitati o n w as h ow ever b e ing carri e d

.
, ,

o n thr o ugh out t he c o u ntry for a furth e r r e ducti o n i n

t he duty which pr o duc e d

,
in 1 8 50 and cl os e ,

on in 1 8 5 2 and sch em es w er e intro duc e d in

,

t he Budg e ts of 1 8 5 2 and 1 8 5 3 for its gradual r eduction

to 13 . T he Crim e a n Wa r w ith its vast exp e nditur e

, ,

i n t e rve ne d to p ostp one th es e r e ducti ons ; but in April ,

1 8 5 7 it was l ow e r e d t o I S 5 d p er p o und ; fr o m this it

,
. .

w a s r e duc e d in 1 8 6 3 t o I s a n d o n t he I st Jun e 1 8 6 5
, ,
.
, , ,

t o 6d . I n 1 8 90 a furth er r e ducti on t o 4d p er pound .

was mad e at which figure it now st a nds aff ording a

, ,

r eve nu e of n early four milli on p ounds p er annum T ea .

lic e nc es w er e aboli sh ed in 1 8 6 9 .
 H IN TS ON T EA MA KIN G .

URI U
A C O S p oint is th a t o u t of t he m illi ons w ho u se
this v a l u abl e b ev erag e a nd ack n ow ledg e its mighty
,

i nflu e n c e o nly a sm a ll pr op orti o n u n d ersta n d how

,

pr op erly t o pr ep a r e it a nd t oo m a ny a b u s e t he gi ft by
d rinki ng it u n d e r c on diti o n s th a t no t o n ly d e priv e it of

its valu e but r e n d er it a bs olut ely h a rm fu l U n skil fu l

,
.

pr ep a rati on ca n mak e g oo d t ea i n to a n aus e ous dra ft ,

a n d t he t ough est c o n stit u ti o n in t he w orld ca nn o t f il a

t o b e e v e n tu a lly i nj u r e d by c on st a ntly imbibi ng t e a t ha t

has b een ov erdraw n A few hi nts as t o t he c orr e ct

.

m eth o d of pr ep arati on must th e r efor e b e of s ervic e .

First t he w t er in which t he l e f is i nfu s ed sh ou l d b e

,
a a

p our e d u p on t he t e a t he m om ent it b oi ls ; with ev ery

m om ent b ey on d th a t tim e t he p e culiar pr op erty of
b oili n g wat e r th at acts up o n t he fr agr a nt l ea f ev ap orat es
m or e a n d m or e a nd e v ent u ally d isapp ear s N ext
,
.
,

b oth k ettl e a nd t e ap ot must b e imm ac u l at e ly cl e a n a n d

‘

o f a shi ni n g r di a nc e
a O f all t e a p ots t he littl e br ow n
.

e arth e n war e t e a p o t a lth ou gh d e spis e d by t he aesth e tic

,

b eca u s e c omfortably e asy t o live u p t o is t he v ery b est

,

for t he p u rp os e I t se e m s t o b e th o r o u ghly impr eg n at e d

'

.
 53

with t he fl av our and r e dol ent of t he ar o ma of t he

plant A silve r t ea p ot is n ext b est but th er e is a
.
,

n a tural h e sitati o n ab out ex p osing t he pr eci ous m e tal to

t he fi r e which militat e s against its us efuln e ss i n this

,

r e gard fo r h e ati ng t he pot is a gr e at e ss e ntial i n making

,

g o o d t ea . I t is m o r e imp o rta n t th a n t he n o vic e might

i mag in e to have t he t eapot m a d e th or oughly hot

b efore t he t ea is p u t int o it T he c o nn oiss eur will hal f
.

fi ll it with ho t wat e r put o n t he lid a n d set it by t he

, ,

fi r e until o nly t he handl e ca n b e t ouch e d with impunity

fr om h eat . Aft er this has b e e n c a r efully a tt e n d e d t o ,

b ett er t ea can b e pr o duc e d fr o m a l ess quantity of t he

l e af than i f t he th or ough h e ating of t he receptacl e had
b e en n egl ect e d O pini on is divid e d as t o t he pr eci se
.

n umb er of minut e s which sh ould b e d e v o t e d t o t he

p r o c e ss o f i n f usi o n . S o m e auth o riti e s say fi v e minut e s

,

o th ers s e v e n .A few ev eh g o so far a s t o r e c omm e nd

t en. I t is h ow ev er a matt e r that d ep e nds in grea t
, ,

m easur e up o n t he natur e of t he wat e r—all t eas taki ng

l onger t o d raw in hard than in s oft wat er O nly
“ ”
.

exp e ri e nc e ca n a ff ord a sa fe guid e . Cos eys are dan

g ero u s,
if o cc a si o nall y
o r n am e ntal
,
articl es . O riginally
intend ed to k eep t he t e apot hot during t he l egitimate
p eri od of drawing th ey hav e b een utilized for main
,

t aining t he proc e ss of in fu sion during t he gr eat er p art

 54

a ftern oon until t he d ec octi on is brought int o a

’

of a n ,

c on diti o n th at r e nd e rs it a lik e hurt ful t o t he n erve s and

.

t o t he dig estiv e o rg n s aT he faciliti e s th ey offe r a e

. r

but t e mptati o ns t o av oid t he tr oubl e of maki n g fr esh

t ea for ev ery fr e sh set o f call e rs which sh ould nv a ri a bly
,
i

b e d o n e by ev e ry h ost e ss j e a l ou s of her r ep u t ati on a s

an artist i n t e a m aki ng Wh ere h ow ev e r ec ono my
-
.
, ,

must b e studi ed it may b e p ermitt ed a lth ou gh not

, ,

r ec o mm e nd ed to mak e t he t ea a s b efor e i nstruct ed

, ,

a n d t o pour o ff t he i nfusi o n a t its p e rfecti on i nt o a

s ec on d t eap ot and k ee p t hat w a rm u n d er t he c os ey for
,

r e fr eshm e nt of visit ors a s th ey arrive .

I t may not b e in ap propri at e t o qu ot e h er e t he -

advic e of a Chin e s e a u th or o n t he s u bj ect of t ea

maki ng . Wh en ev er t ea is t o b e in fus ed for u se
“ ”
,

says Tu n g Po t a k e w at er fr om a run ni ng strea m and

,
“

b o il it ov er a liv ely fi re ; that fr om spri ngs i n t he hills

I S t he b e st a n d riv er w t e r t he
-
a n ext whil e w ell wat e r ,
-

I S t he w o rst A liv ely fi re is a cl ear a nd bright charc oa l

.

fi r e :Wh e n maki n g a n in fusi o n d o not bo il t he w at e r,

t oo h a stily a s first it b e gins t o sp a rkl e lik e cr a b s eye s

’
, ,

th en s o m ew hat l ik e fish s eyes and l a stly it b oils u p

’
,

lik e p e arls i nnum erabl e springing a nd wavi ng ab out

,
.
”
 T E A STAT IST ICS
FR O M IT S IN DU C I N
T RO T O PR N I M
T O T HE E SE T T E .
 57

IMPOR TS OF TEA IN TO
EN GL A N D ,

FR O M IT S IN R DU C I N
T O T O TO 18 41 .

1 610 —1 66 8 N ominal .

Lb s .

1 66 9 , fr o m Bantam 1 43
1 6 70 79
1 6 71 26 4
‘

1 6 72—1 6 74,
sundri es 5 6

1 6 75 -
1 6 77 No im p orts .

Lb s

1 6 78 ,from G angam and S urat

I 97
I 43
70
1 6 83 —1 6 84 No im p ort s .

Lb s .

1 68 5, from Ma dras and S u rat

1 68 6 65

1 68 7

1 68 8
 58

1 6 8 9, fr o m Mad ra s and Amoy

1 6 90 S urat
1 69 1

1 6 92

1 6 93

1 6 94

1 6 97 East I ndi es

1 70 8 —1 71 7 ,
10 ,
I
y ears from East ndi es
1 7 1 8—1 72 7

1 7 2 8—1 73 7

I 73 8 — 1 747
1 748 —1 75 7
 59

1 75 8 — 1 76 7 10 y earsfrom sundry c o untri es

—777
,

1 76 8 1

1 7 78 —1 78 7
1 78 8 —I 79 7
1 79 8 —1 8 1 7
1 818 —1 8 2 7
1 828 —1 8 3 7
1 83 8

1 83 9

18 40
18 41
 60

uu mu m
m m m
m
N m mc mm o
e o H m e m
u u w c w
e e e e e e e e m m m m m m m m o o
w w m m w m m w w m w w w w w w m w
“ u n H m u m ~ m m m m ”

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
e
n
n
m
N
o
@5
o
0

NH
“

e
e n
m e m
m w e
mc w
“ 0
0
”

o
0
0
0
H
m 2m a
m mm
o
o
0 0
0
o
o
0
0
0
n s
0
3
0
0
e
m mc
0
0
0
o
o
o 0
o 0
mm 0
o w
m n e e e e e n m m m m5 o o o mu n e

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 m H o a 0 o o o c 0 0
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 61

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CHIN A T EA .
 CH IN A .
TEA .

C U LT I VAT I ON AN D M AN U FAC T U RE .

E RE is substantially but one t ea p lant and all t he

-
,

var i eti es that com e i nto t he mark et are d erived

f r o m di ff er ent m ethods of p r ep aring t he l ea f It s .

origi n al habitat a pp ears to hav e b een i n t he hill

Countri es b etw ee n I
ndia and China ; but whi le i t ‘

r emain ed unnotic e d i n t he form e r c ountr until com y ,

p arat i v el
y r ec ently,
i t s valu e w as discov e r e d and i t s

v i rtu e s ap p r eciat ed i n China b efor e t he dawn of

r e liabl e history.

Chin es e traditions as to t he origin of t ea ex t end

back to t he tim e wh en N oah w as engage d in p lantin g
'

his vin eyard ; or to b e particular as to dat e to t he

, ,

year B C 3 2 54 A t that dat e t he fath er of Chin ese

. .

agricultur e ,
t he E m p eror S hing N ong discov e r e d t he
,

virtu es of t he shrub and lik e a p ractical man set

, , ,

about p lanting a t ea gard en and t eaching hi s subj ec ts

-

t he art of concocting hi s favouri t e b ev erag e

’
.
 68

C ertain som ewhat obscur e allusi ons i n t he S h ee “

K ing ,
’7
c om p il ed by t he gr eat Chin es e p hilos oph er and
m oralist Con fucius som e 500 years befor e ou r era are
, , ,

constru e d by nativ e a uth oriti es as r eferring t o t ea .

y
Man c enturi es h o w ev er elap se b efore w e ca n mak e
,
“

c e rtai n of ou r gr ound b u t from a critical examinatio n

,

of t he fa bl e s and traditi o ns which hav e r efe r e nc e t o t he

disc ov ery a nd early u se of t e a w e may surmis e with ,

som e appr oach to c ertainty that t he t ea pla nt was -

known t o t he Chi nes e a nd its l eaves us e d by th em for

,

m edicinal purp os e s from a v ery r em ot e a nti quity but ,

that it was not i n !gen eral u se as a b ev erage b efor e t he

si xth c entury Ev en th e n it app ears t o hav e been
.

o nly l o cally us e d but during t he n ext t w o or three

,

hundr ed y ears its u se spr ead thr ough out t he wh ol e

Chin e s e Empir e and it was t he th em e of n um er ous
,

tr eatis es giving p al p ably fabul ous acc ou nts of its intr o s

ducti on and u se by various emp erors of anci ent

dynasti es W e hav e h ow ev er a probably r eliabl e
.
, ,

acc ount of its u se by t he Em p er or Ve n Ty i n 5 84 but ,

it a p pears t o hav e b een pr escribe d t o him as a m e dici ne

by a pri est a c q uaint e d with its virtu es I n 780 t he .

l earn ed Lo Y u wr ot e an int e r esting treatis e o n t ea

-
:

e nti tl e d Cha Kin which still r e mains and is p erha p s

-
”
, ,

t he m os t anci ent r eally aut he nti c d e scripti o n of t ea

,
 69

pr s rve d i n t he Chin es e annals T his author giv es

e e .

t he following dir ections o f r its pr ep arati on — All t ea “

is gath er ed in t he s econd third and fourth m oons ; t he

, ,

l e aves mu st not b e gath e re d i n rainy or even i n cloudy ,

w eath er but wh enit is fair and cl ear

,
ruis e and p at . B
th em with t he hands roast th em ov er a fi re pack and
, ,

cl os e th em up . I
n this man ner t ea is pre par ed and ,

th er e a r e a th ousand an d t en th ousand di ff e r en t ki nds

—surely a truly O ri ental ex aggeration Aft er eul ogising .

at l e n gth its fragranc e and flav our he obs erv es : T ea “

,

t em p ers t he spirit an d harmonizes t he mind ; di sp el s

lassitud e and r eli ev es fatigu e ; awak ens th ought and
pr events dr owsin ess ; light en s ahd r efreshes t he bod y
’

and cl ears t he p erc ep tive faculti es .

At this tim e t ea must have b een of su ffi ci e nt im p or

tanc e as a c ommodity t o all ow of its b ei n g mad e a
.

s ourc e of rev enu e ; for in 78 3 i n t he r eign of t he

,

E m p e ror T e T song t he first Chin es e T ea duty was

,
-

l evi ed and as w e notic e d in our op eni n g cha p t e r

, , ,

A rabian m erchants w ho visit e d Chi n a i n t he nin th

Ce ntury fou n d t ea t he com m on b ev erag e of t he cou nt r v .

At first t ea a pp e ars to have b ee n pr ep ar ed b

,
y
gath ering t he l eaves and a ft e r pr essing th e m int o cak es
,

w ith t he hands drying th em ov er a charcoal fi re

,
.

W h en r eq uir ed for use a p ortion of t he cake w as

,
'
 70

b rok e n off ,r e duc e d to p owd er and p lac e d i n a cu p ;

,

b oiling wat er was th e n pour e d on and stirr ed and ,

t he li q uor and p owd er drunk togeth e r .Ve ry early

allusions to t he pr es ent cust o m of r olli ng t he l e a f ar e
,

how ev er t o b e found and in t he main t he m eth ods of

, ,

cultivatio n and manu factur e i n u se to day ar e t he sam e

-

as th os e e mploy e d from tim e imm emorial s o m e min o r

;
modifications i n r es p ect t o ferm entation et c may ,
.
,

hav e be en r end er e d n ec essary by t he Eur op ean d emand

w hich has s p rung up within t he last thr ee c e nturi es as ,

t he Chin es e say that th eir m or e d e licat ely cur e d t ea

w ould be unabl e to stand t he voyage without ruin ou s

d et erioration and ass e rt that Chin es e t ea is n ev e r s ee n

,

i n its p erfecti on i n this c ountry Be this as it may

.
,

milli ons of acr es are d evot e d t o t he cultivati on of this

h erb or rath er shrub in China and millions of t he
, , ,

p op ulati o n are d ep end ent on t he cr op as a m ea ns of

exi st e nc e
.

I t is sai d that t he p oorer land i n each t ea gr owing -

di strict is giv e n up to t he p roducti o n of t ea t he Chin es e

,

beli eving that t ea will thriv e wh er e nothing e ls e will

b ut this ap p ears to b e only p artially tru e T he m eth od

.

I
of cultivation is as follows : n F ebruary or March t he ,

see d s are s o wn i n sp ecially p r ep ar ed ground v ery m o i st

, ,

and i n a sh elt er ed situ ation . Wh en t he plant s are

 71

t hree m onths y
old the are plant e d out i n row s about
,

four feet a p art on a hill sid e i f p ossibl e and car efu ll

,
-
,
y
t e nd ed and wat er ed T h ese plantation s a re oft en ver
. y
p i cturesqu e t he whole hill sid e b eing covered wit h
,
-

t er rac es of t ea shrubs ; wh e n they are two or thr ee

y e ar s old t he p lucking comm enc es
,
The tim es of .

p lucking are busy tim es in t he t ea districts and t he -

,

p op ulation turn out into t he t ea gardens to gather -

t he leav es much as th ey do int o t he hop fi elds i n

,
-

E ngland T he fir st picking of t he young est a nd

.

t end erest leav es tak e s plac e in April and May and t he

‘

tea s p roduc e d from it a re kn own h er e as First CrOp "

Teas t he s econd picki ng t a kes p lac e wh en t he foliage

’

i s at i t s full est in ab out Jun e or July and a ft e r t ha t

, ,

th ere is a third p icki ng i n which t he c oars e l eaves

, ,

twigs and ind eed ev erything which can b e mad e into

,

t ea,
and which can b e tak e n without damagi ng t he
shrub is pick e d ; t he first p icking is a d elicat e o p e ra
,

tion and requir es skill a n d discrimination and but small

, ,

q uantiti es are s ecured ; for t he oth ers all com ers are ,

e mployed and t he p ic kers can gath er from tw elv e to

,

fift een p ou n ds weight of t he l eav es in a day U nlike .

y
t he s st e m p r evailing i n I ndia t he t ea is not manu ,

fact u red on t he est at e wh er e grown b u t aft er b ein g

'

, ,

with er ed b y be ing s p r ead in shallow tra s in t he sun y ,

 72

t he l eav es are carri ed to t he h ongs for sal e A w ri t er .

”

thus d escribes t he proc ess z

“
T he t ea buyi ng I S carri ed on very rapidly . T he
- .

buyer sta n ds on a rais ed plat form t he s ell ers in t he ,

large o pe n c ourt i n fr ont Each s ell er hands up a

.

sampl e Of hi s l e a f on a small wick e r tra r ins p e tio

y fo c n ,

wh en t he b uyer with out a m om e nt s h esitation fi xes

,
’
,

t he p ric e and writ es it on a slip of pap e r which is ,

hand ed to t he s ell e r w ho is equally prom p t in acc epting

,

or r ejecting t he p ric e offe r ed an d th er e is no ch affering

, ,

tim e b eing too preci ous If t he pric e is acc ept ed t he

.
,

l ea f at onc e is carri ed int o t he b ong weigh ed and t he , ,

mon ey paid on t he nail T h er e is alw ays k ee n com

.

p etition among t he buyi ng h ongs and t he growers are ,

thus s ecur ed a full market pric e .

”

A ft er t he buying for t he day is over t he qualiti es ,

a r e sort e d o u t t he l eav e s a re slightly fir ed and th e n

, ,

pack ed away as tightly as hay i n a stack in dark stalls , ,

i n t he int eri o r of t he ho ng wh ere t he t ea is l eft till

,

ferm entati o n c o mm e nc es It is th en put int o t he hands

.

of t he p ick e rs w om en and girls ea ch of wh om r ec eiv e

, ,

o ne kat t y (e qual t o i glb ) at a tim e . fr o m which th ey ,

pick ou t t he brow n l eaves a nd stalks T he l eaf is th en .

wi nnowed t o thr ow t he dust off The fresh l eaves .

which are l eft are gath er e d t og eth er and fir ed , whi ch

 73

is t he m ost imp or tant p roc ess of all as t he a pp earanc e

, ,

charact er and fl avour all d ep ends on t he skill and

,

c ar e of t he firing .Wh en t he charcoal fir e is r ead a y ,

d eep bask et is plac e d ab ov e it with a grating in t he

’

middl e ov er which t he l eav es are thinly s p r ead and

, ,

t he l eav es ar e in this w ay r a pidly dri ed ; th en th ey

und ergo a final r olling Wh e n t he wh ol e of t he l eaf of

.

o ne q uality has b ee n tr ea t e d i n this way th ey a r e s p r ead

,

out again in thi n trays in h eat ed chamb e rs for a few

minut es t o drive off any r emaini n g m oistur e a nd turn ed
,

ove r until p erfectly dry and uni fo rmly dark N othing

‘
.

now r e mains but to p a ck t he m in t he familiar l ea d lin e d -

b ox es a nd p u t th em on t he mark et a s ra p idly as p ossibl e .

T he pr oc e ss of manu fa ctur e of gr ee n t ea di ffe rs fr o m

that of blac k t ea mainly in t he l eav es not b eing all ow ed

,

t o r e mai n m o ist l on g en ough for ferm e ntati o n t o tak e

plac e ; t he l e aves are fir ed a littl e as s oo n as pick ed and ,

t h en roll e d and rapidly dri e d in ir o n pans o v er a char

c o al fi r e .T he gr een t ea of c omm e rc e I S o ft e n artificiall y

fac e d and t he Ping Su ey ki n ds ar e c o l our e d t o improv e

,

th eir ap p earanc e ; th er e is n othing in t he small qua ntity

o f c ol ouring matt e r us e d which is es s e ntially i njurious

t o h e alth but t he t e a its el f is n ot so wh ol e some mor e

,
,

of t he e s se ntial oil b e ing p r es e rv e d in the l ea f .

O olong t ea is p r ep ar ed s om ewhat in t he sam e wa y

 74

as gr een t eas but fir e d with out r olling and not faced

, , .

A ll sc e nt e d t eas are fl avour e d or sc e nt e d w ith c ert ain

fl owers which give th em th eir distinctive aroma .

B ut what eve r t he m ethod of preparation adop t ed ,

th er e is in e ach d escription n early t he sam e rang e of

.

qualiti es acc ording to t he size of t he l eaf a nd t he

,

s ea son of picking .

C ong ous besid es this di ff er enc e of tim e of p lucking

, ,

are divid e d again into broad grou p s d efin ed by t he,

district in which th ey are pr oduc e d ; th os e from t he

north ern districts shi pp ed fr om Hankow or S hanghai
, ,

are t ech n icall y

styl ed Black Lea f C ong ous a nd are
“ -
,

known u nd er t he gen eral nam e of Moni ng s ; thos e fr o m

t he c e ntral districts shi p p ed from Foo Ch ow Foo are
, ,

t echnically styl ed Red L eaf Congous and are known

“ -
,
’

und er t he gen eral nam e of K ai sow s ; th os e fr om t he

south e rn districts shipp ed fr o m Cant on are kn own as
, ,

“
N ew Mak e s or
”
,
“
Pr ovinc e L eaf Congous -
U nti l .
” '

v ery r ec ently th es e last have as a rul e b een ill fi red

, , ,
-

and of p oo r q uality but lat ely an imm ens e advance

,

has been mad e i n t he manu factur e and th e ,

have y
com e mor e into favour

Each of th es e thr ee main branch e s of Chi na Co ngou ,

M oning K ai sow and N ew Mak e has num er ou s

, ,

sub divisi o ns which must be ex amin e d in d etail

-
,
.
 75

M o N 1 NG S

Or B la ck Leaf
-
Cong ousj .

TH E R E ight main clas ses into which t he lack

are e B
Leaf Cong ous s e nt t o this country ar e now divid e d ,

v i z : K i nt u cks
. K eem u ns K i uki ang s N ing Ch o ws
, , , ,

K u t oan s O o nfaas O op acks and Shant am s

, , ,
We will .

p roc eed t o examine th eir s p ecial p ro p erti es i n t he ord e r

as nam e d .

K IN T U CK s — T his. d escri p tion although com p ara

,

t i vely new t o our mark et i n com p ari son with som e of

t he oth e rs h er e a ft er d e alt with i s gr eatly in favour and

, ,

t he fi ne first cr o p p arc els ar e mor e sought a ft er e ar b y y

y ear as th eir q uality b ecom es mor e a pp reciat ed ; th e y
h av e a p eculiar d elicat e fl av our a r eddish in fusion and
, ,

draw a liquor of go o d str ength with choic e q ualit ,

y .

T he sec ond cro p lin es how ev e r are usually not d esirabl e

, ,

t eas b eing rath e r ragge d and un ev e n in a pp ea ran ce

,

a nd d et eriorating ra p idly in q uality .

KE E MUN S are grown in t he a djoinin g d i st r i ct t o

 76

t he K i nt u ck kin ds and much res embl e th em but are

, ,

r ich e r drawing a thick full liqu o r and t he fin e r parc els

, , ,

a re distinguish e d by a p e culiar rich ar o ma and fl av our

which a re found i n no oth er kinds but t he tru e

K eem u n .

K 1UK 1A N Gs — . Th e e s t eas
nam ed fr om t he town
,

wh er e pack ed are fr om t he H oe i Ho district away in

, ,

t he n orth ; th ey p oss ess many of t he g oo d qualiti es of

t he K i nt u ck kinds po ss essing fragranc e and flav our

, ,

but m ost of th em sadly lack b ody which of c ours e , , ,

d etracts from th eir val ue i n a bl end .

I
N N G C H O W S —T h es e t eas are p erhaps t he back
.
, ,

b on e of t he M oning ki nds an d alth ough t he fi ner lin es

,

hav e su ff ere d s om e what in p ublic estimati o n in com ,

p etiti on with th eir m ore m o d e rn rivals t he K i nt u cks ,

and K eem u ns t he m edium t o fi ne grad es still mai ntain

a n alm ost undis p ut e d sup e ri o rity ev e n t he s e c on d cro p
“

p arcels have usually a pr etty gr ey l eaf with s om e ti p , ,

cl os ely roll ed and w ell cur ed drawi ng a capital li q u or

,
.

T h ey are valuabl e t eas in a bl end and for ordinary ,

p ur p o s e s a re unrivall ed am on gst t he Black L ea f T eas -

.

K UT O A N —This most disti nctiv e t ea is oft en kn own

.

as Ch i nes e Assam P ek oe ; it has a sh ort rat h er

“ ”

rusty l eaf w ith s om e tip and possess e s gr eat strengt h

, ,

w ith much point and s o m etim es fi ne quality

, ,
t is a . I
 77

mo st d esirabl e t ea i f us ed q uickly but it has an u nfor

,

t u nat e t e n d e ncy i f k ep t l o n g to d ev elo p a minty or

’
“ ”
, ,

“
h erb y t ast e which is most obj ectionabl e and whic h
”
, ,

n o b le nding ca n en tir e ly r e mov e

‘

O ON F A A .
-
T his t ea fr om one Of t he most southerl
,
y
dist ricts is n ot usu a lly v ery taking i n a p p earanc e but
, ,

i s for its distinctiv e q ualiti es much p ri z ed b c ertai n y

bl end ers ; t he fin e r grad es have very bright in fusion ,

ari d oft e n a mark e d sm oky or tarry fl avour that

“ ” “ ”

makes th e m gr eat favourit es i n som e districts .

O O P A CK S ar e t he pr o duc e of t he district imm e diat ely

abov e Ha n k ow S om e tim e a g o th ey w er e one of t he

.

l eading kinds of Mo ning in d emand but th e hav e , y

gradually fall e n int o dis favour an d thos e now shipp e d
,

are ge n e rally got u p t o imitat e som e oth e r kind m o r e i n

r eq u est and so lab ell ed

,
.

SH A N T A M S a re t he l o w est kind of Moning grown .

We notic e th em sim p ly to advis e ou r r eaders to l eave

th em out of any b lend h ow ever low i n pric e th ey are
,

loos e and sp ongy in mak e and n asty i n li q u or g en erall ,

y
having a d ecid edly m ous ey twang .

I n additi on to th es e main division s th er e are several ,

other vari eti es which are occasionally s een on our mark et ,

amongst which w e may m e nti on M O N N G S O U CH O N GS I

w ith b old l ea f and rich fruity li q uor ; I CHA N GS
, ,
 7 8

r es embling KIUK IA N GS i n many r esp ect s ; WEN CHow s ,

y
w ith ver p r etty l ea f and thin fl avou ry liquor .

B rok e n l eaf t eas are known as si ftings or fan ni ngs

'

b eing s ep arat e d fr om t he wh ol e l eaf by si fting or wi n

nowi ng during t he p roc e ss of manu factur e .

I n conclusi on it may b e n ot ed that t he d escri pt io n

,

g iv e n on t he packag e is not always a trustworthy i nd i

cati o n as to t he charact e r of its cont ents for in additio n
,

to vari ous fancy d escri p tions s om etim es given all t he ,

first thr ee kinds enum erat ed are fr equ ently lab ell ed as
N ing Chows ,
”
and oth er discr epanci es of a lik e natu re
a re not uncommon .
 79

KA I SO W S

Or R ed L eaf Cong ous}

-
.

THE p ort of F 00 Chow was o p en ed in 1 8 54 and we ,

n ow draw from th e nc e on e third of t he China Congo u

-

c onsum e d i n this c ountry Lik e t he black l ea f kind s

.
-
,

K a i sow s may b e divid e d into e ight main class es v i z ,

.
,

Soo Mo os ,
Ching Wos P ecco Congous Pa nyong s,
, ,

Pa klu m s Saryu nes Pa d r aes and Pakli ns

, , ,
.

T he l eadi ng charact eristic s of th es e vari ous branc hes

may be summ ed u p as foll ows

So o Mo o s —Thi s i s a good hon est class of t ea not ,

so attractiv e to t he eye o r nos e as som e of t he oth er

vari eti es but poss essing gr eat body and p ow er t he

, ,

y
in fus e d l eaf b eing gen erall bright and t he fin e r parc els
,

are disti ngu ish e d by a v ery fi ne S o uch ong fl avour and

,

are m u ch s ought a ft e r on that account .

I
C H N G Wo s —T his vari ety is a gen eral favo u rit e
.
,

and is so d es ervedl y
The l ea f i s u sually ev enl a nd
. y
 80

tightly r oll ed and of a silky black com p l ex i on with

, ,

so m e tip ; t he ar oma is v ery fi ne a nd d elicat e ; t he

li q uor is as a rul e of a bright r eddish c olour and

, ,
.

p oss ess es c onsid erabl e str ength and a p eculiarly fi ne

fl avour ; i n fact Chi ng Wos are i n our opini on t he
, , ,

m ost v a lu a bl e of t he r ed l eaf t ea s for u se i n fi ne bl ends

-
.

PE c c o C O N GO US a r e t he mos t b eauti ful K ai sow s

i mport ed t he l eaf b eing v ery e venl and tightly r oll ed

,
y ,

and full of fl ow er T h ey are h eld in gr eat est eem in

.

c ertain quart e rs and c o mmand on acc ount of th eir

, ,

a pp earanc e fa r high er pric es than th eir q uality in t he

,

cu p w ould warrant .

P A N Y O N Gs—a vari ety which has r ec e ntly com e

gr eatly i nt o favour ; th ey r es embl e i n many r esp ects

t he Ching W0 kinds and are as a rul e v ery s ervic e
, , ,

abl e and m ost r eliabl e t eas for u se in bl ending t he ,

fin er parc els p oss essing a thick rich sappy li q uor

’

, , ,

wi t h fi ne ar oma and rich fl av our ; exc ell ent fou nda

tion t ea s may b e m et with in t he m edium grad es .

S umm er Crop Panyong s are often v ery distinctive t eas ,

b eing fragrant str ong brisk and pungent with ti pp y

, , ,

l eaf ; th ey are kn own as thorny P a nyong s or “ ”

,

Assam Pa nyongs .

PA K LU M S much r es embl e Pakli ns which will b e ,

notic ed lat e r o n t he l eaf is usually Very p rettily mad e

 81

a nd cl os ely twist ed a nd black with t i p ; t he li q u or is

, ,

i ich a n d thick but usually lacks p oint

,
.

SA RY UN E S a r e t he b est p o ssibl e fo undati on t eas for

l w pric e d bl en ds wh e r e pr etty l ooki n g t e a is n ot a

o -

,
-

n ec ssity
e . Th ey ar e nearly alw ays r e ddish in app ea r
a nc e ,
with a s om ewh a t op en l eaf a n d i ncli ned t o be
d u sty b u t i n liqu or th ey c o m e ou t rich and rip e with
, ,

pl en ty of sa p a n d stami na a n d i n e ve ry r esp ect e xc ept

, ,

a pp e ar a n c e are i nvalu a bl e i n a bl e n d
,
.

P A D RA E S a r e highly fir e d t e a s with black crap ey ,

l ea f fr esh brisk ar om a rich c ol ou r a n d i nt en s e p o w er

, , , ,

i n t he cup a n d a p e culiar a n d striki n g fl av o ur much

, ,

r es e mbli n g th a t of black curra nts Th ey are a m ost .

val u abl e v a ri ety b u t r equir e skill i n bl en di ng t o mak e

th eir fl a v our harm onize .

LI
PA R N S are h a n d s om ely mad e t eas fr om t he dis -

t r i ct s i mm e diat ely ar ou n d F oo Ch o w ; th ey a r e usually

pick e d early and c a r efu lly pr epar e d and shipp e d by

,

t he m a il st e am ers thus r eachi ng this c ountry b efor e

,

t he mai n K a i sow crop Th ey a r e a lm ost i nvariably

.

p ack e d in b ox es a n d are muc hprize d i n s om e l ocaliti es

,

f o r th eir b o dy and flavour ; th ey h ow ev e r lack p oint , ,

a nd stamina .

T he old fa shi on ed Lapsen g Souchongs ar e also

-

s hipp e d fr o m F oo C h o w and t he fin er grad es k eep u p

,
 82

t he old charact eristics and giv e us a n id ea of t he

sort of t ea prized by ou r grand fath ers ; th ey still find
th eir w ay int o s om e of t he b est bl en ds going int o con
sumption th eir m a k e h ow ever is fr equ ently l oos e and
, ,

un even which i s a gainst th eir b ei n g gen erally us e d

, ,

but t he rich full d elici ous liqu or is di fficult t o equal

, ,

with any of t he m or e new fashi oned favourit es

-
.

U
O th e r l ess imp ortant vari eti es of K ai sow ar e S EY

K U T S with pr etty tippy l e a f and p ointy liquor A N K 0 1S

, , ,

—str ong us eful t eas and S IN CH U N E S which s om ewhat

, ,

r es embl e c omm on A N K O I S.
 N E W MAKES

( P r ov i n c e L ea
-
f or N e w D i s tr i c t Cong ou s) .

T H E SE C ong ous are gr o w n i n t he S outh ern Provi nc es

of C hi na a n d shipp e d fr o m t he P o rt of Ca n t on
,
T h ey .

a r e gr o wn i n t he districts n e ar t he p o rt of shipm e nt ,

and t he first picki ngs disp a tch ed by t he m a il st eam ers

r each this cou ntry s om e m onths b efo r e t he N ew
S eas on s t e as fr o m t he m or e north er n p orts t he bul k
I
’
,

of w hi c h c o m es fr o m fa r i n la n d

Th es e t eas k n o w n gen erally as N ew Mak es or

,
-

Pr ovi nc e l eaf C o n g ou s hav e s ev eral vari eti es com

-
,

p ris ed in t w o br oa d divisi on s k now n c omm only as

,

H oyu nes a n d P ek o e S ouch on g C o ng ous U nd er t he

.

fo rm e r h ea di ng a re ge n e r a lly i n clud e d a ll th os e ki nds

that a re greyish i n hu e a n d hold i n mak e a n d that ,

p oss ess i nt ens e str ength i n liqu o r ; u n d er t he l a tt er are

includ ed t he ki nds i n which gr eat e r att e nti on has b ee n
paid t o t he a pp eara nc e a nd t he l ea f is usually clos ely
,

r oll e d and tippy ; a ft er th es e t w o divisi ons c om e t he

 84

l ow g r ade s C nt on C on g ou which ar e still pr epar e d

of a
,

i n t he old fa shi o ne d styl e with a b ol d l oo s e ly m a d e , ,

-

l eaf a n d oft e n h avi n g a p culi ar

,
br ea dy sm ell
e .

H O Y U N E S —T hls is a m ost u s efu l cl a ss of t ea wh e r e

.

a ppe ar a n c e is n o c o nsid e r ati on t he l eaf b e i n g generally ,

r ou g h t he i n fus e d l e af h o w ev e r is o f a rich c opp e r

; , ,

c o l our ,
a nd t he liq u o r is u s u a lly of m ost int e n s e

s tr e ngth with p o i n t
,
n d q u ality m o r e r e s e mbli n g a fi ne
a

A ss a m Souch o ng th a n a n y Chi n e s e gr o wth Wh er ev er .

t he pr eju d ic e ag a i nst th e ir a pp ea r a nc e is o v erc o m e a n d ,

t h es e t e a s a e fa irly i n tr o duc e d th ey i n v a ri ably b ec om e

r
,

g r e a t fav ou rit e s .

T A R RY H O Y U N E s —
. T he e arli est picki n gs of H oyu ne
.

t ea a re gr eyish i n a pp ea ra nc e a nd h ave a p eculiar

“
sm oky tast e a nd sm e ll th at r e n d ers c auti on mec es
”

s ary i n d eali n g with th e m i n bl e n d i n g this tast e b e i ng ,

a lm ost imp o ssibl e t o mask a n d b e i n g str o n gly obj ect e d

,

t o bys om e p eopl e t he t e a s h v e h o w ev e r m a ny g oo d
a
, ,

p o i n ts a
,
n d a r e mad e a sp é ci a lit é of by s o m e r et a il e rs .

OK U —
P E E S O C H O N G C O N GO S Th es e t eas have a U .

v ery pr e ttily curl e d l e af with tip b r i g ht i nfu si on and

, ,
.

f r equ e ntly a v e ry thick rich p ow e r ful liqu o r

, ,
.

U KL
H O N E Y S C E C O N GO S —S o m e p a rc els of P ek oe U .

S o uch o ng C on g ou h a ve a p ec u li a r fl av our k nown as ,

h oneysuckl e flav our a n d th ey ar e d es erv edly t he

”
,
fa v ourit e C a nt on Cou g ou with t he E nglish tr a d e Th ey
.
;

h a v e a small r e ddish l eaf ; t he liqu or is str ong a nd

brisk with exquisit e flav our
,
.

K
C O MM O N N EW M A E S have fe w d es i rabl e qualiti es ,

and are us e d chi efly for exp ort w e ca n n ot r ec o mm end

t h eir u se l n bl endi n g
.
 86

O O L O N GS A N D SCE N TE D TEAS .

W E now h ave to r evi ew t he class of t eas which a re

prepar ed for t he pur p os e of givi n g sce nt a nd flav our t o
t he bl e nds i n which th ey a r e us e d . T he t eas di ff e r fr o m

t he C o n g ous i n t he m eth o d o f m a nu factur e b ei ng dri e d

,

a n d r o ll ed with o ut pr evi ously un d erg o ing a pr oc ess of

f erm e nt ati on thus pr e s e rvi ng t he pu ng e nt sh a rp flav our

, ,

but not acquiri ng thickn ess and c ol our T he pri n cipal

.

fl a v ou r i ng ki n ds ar e thr e e vari eti e s of O ol ong fr o m ,

F orm osa K okew a nd Am oy r esp ectiv ely ; s eve ral

, ,

vari eti e s of Sc e nt ed O ra ng e Pek oe pri ncipally t he l ong

,

l eaf fr om C a nt o n t he sh ort l e af fr o m Fo o Ch ow t he
, ,

Maca o ki nds a nd an oth e r vari ety of sh ort l eaf mad e t o

, ,

i mitat e t he F oo Chow t e a s b u t shipp e d fr o m Ca nt on ;

,

t he thr ee l e adi n g vari eti e s of sc e n t e d Cap e r viz

,
t he
.
,

bl ack a nd t he olive l ea f Ca nt on ki nds a nd t he F oo

C h ow T ea .

We will now d e al i n d et a il with t he ki nds enu m e

r at e d

R L
F O M O SA O O O N GS —This is i n ou r O pi n i on t he
.
, ,

p ri n c e o f fl a v o u ri n
g t eas
,
t he fi n e li n es b e i ng highly
 87

fir ed but not burnt with crisp dark gr een dry l ea f

, , ,

a n d som e fl o w er t he in fus e d l ea f b e ing a bright yellowish

,

gr een with a ti nge of c opp er c ol our a n d t he li q u or

, ,

having int ens e punge ncy a nd pi q uancy with a most ,

d elici ous fl av our ; a dash of t he fin est will giv e n os e “

,
”

p oi nt and styl e t o a fi ne bl en d D uri n g t he last few

,
.

years a n oth er vari ety has b een shi p p ed which is v ery ,

highly burnt an d lacking s o m e of t he p oint and

,

sharp ness of t he old styl e has a much dark er liqu or ; ,

t his fi n ds much fav our with s om e bl end ers .

L
K O K E W O O O N GS —Th es e t e as a re as a class in ferior
.
, ,

t o t he F o rm o sa gr o wths but as th eir ra n g e of pric e is

,

much l ow er c on sid erabl e quantiti es g o i nt o con su m p

,

ti on T he b ett er grad es are fairly brisk with g oo d

.
,

fl av our but t he c omm on li ne s ar e t oo oft en rank a nd

,

n a sty t he l ea f is g e ne rally l oos ely mad e a n d r o ugh .

L
A M O Y O O O N G — Ve ry littl e of this t ea is n ow shipp e d
.

t o this mark et I t s om ewhat r es embl es t he K okew but

.
,

is m or e yell ow in app eara n c e .

F o o CH o w S CE N T E D O A N GE P E O E is on e of t he R K
m o st d esirabl e of sc ent ed t eas t he fi n er grad e s b ei n g of ,

a b ea uti ful tint of olive gr een with cl os ely r oll ed l eaf

-

a nd s om e fl ower Th ey hav e a n exquisit e sc ent a nd ,

.

a fl a v our quit e unriva ll ed T he m edium t o fi ne grad es

.
.

of this C lass are als o v ery us eful .

 88

R
C A N TO N S CE N T E D O A N GE P E O E — T he l eadi ng K .

vari ety of Sc ent e d O ra ng e P e k oe shipp ed fr o m Ca nt o n

is t he l ong l eaf ki n d s o m etim es k nown a s spid er leg
-
,
-
.
”

This t ea is pr epare d fr o m t he m ore matur e l eav es ,

lightly fir e d a n d twist ed int o t he w ell k n ow n l ong thi n -

r olls so charact eristic of this vari ety t he liqu or sh ou l d

be str on g a nd pu n g e nt with fi ne flav our
,
T h es e t eas .

a r e n ow f r equ e ntly m a d e with a sm a ll er l e af which i s ,

m or e suitabl e for bl en di ng .

R
S H O T L E A F C A N T O N S CE N T E D O A N G E P E O E
-
R K .

Th ese t eas a r e pr epar ed t o r es embl e t he Foo Ch o w

kinds T h ey a re usually str on g and raspi ng but s om e
.
,

wh at lack flav our T he vari ety k no w n as O u chai ne

.

is gr eatly in fa v our with s om e bl end e rs w ho pr efer ,

it t o Cap e r T he l ea f i s very short and mix es w e ll ;

.
,

th ey are gen erally str ongly sc ent ed and poss ess much ,

g rip a n d pu n g e n cy .

R
M A CA O S CE N T E D O A N GE P E O E —Th es e t eas hav e K .

usually a fa irly w ell mad e l eaf with an oliv e t o s om e

-
,

what yell owish c o mpl e xion and draw a pu ngent

, ,

ras p ing liqu or ; t he fi ne r grad e s a re frequ ently call e d

“
Mand a ri n Pekoe .
”

C A N T O N S CE N T E D CA P E Rs T he t w o chi ef vari eti es

.
-

of Cap e r shipp ed fr om Cant on a re t he gl a z ed kind

a nd t he oliv e l ea f kind ;
-
th es e are how ever sub , ,
 89

st a nt i ally sam e t ea an d t he l ea f of t he form er b ei n g

t he ,

“
fac e d with s oapst one & c t he l eaf of t he oth er
,
.
,

b ei ng l eft of its n atural oliv e tint T he pri n cipal q u a lity

.

sought for i n C a nt on Cap er is extr em e pung ency a n d .

grip I n s el ecting l ow e r pric ed ones c a r e sh ould b e

.
-
,

tak en t o a v oid th os e with a c omm o n twa n g a s t he ,

f aci n g pr oc ess a ff ords an o pp o rtu n ity to w ork up o ld

a nd d ec ayed l ea v es with out d et e cti on i n t he a pp ear

anc e Fr om Cant o n w e als o obtain t he i nt ens ely
.

str ong H oyu ne C a p ers .

PR
F O O C H O W S CE N T E D C A E S hav e a p e culi a r c rap ey

a pp e ara n c e— p e r fectly pur e a n d fr ee from faci n g th ey

;

a re
,
as a rul e richly sc e nt ed with very ch oic e flav our ;
,

y
th e h ow e ver lack t he stren gth of t he Ca nt on kinds
, , ,

a nd for this r e as o n a r e but littl e us e d .

All Sc e nt ed O rang e Pek oes and Sc e nt e d Ca p ers

a re a rtifici a lly sc e nt ed usually with a fl o wer call ed
Q u i F a s om e wh a t r es embling t he J essamin e but
, ,

o ccasi onally with t he G ard en i a o r oth e r s wee t sm e lli n g

,

fl ower by pl aci n g t he t ea an d t he sc e nting fl ow er i n

,

alt er n at e layers a nd exposi ng t o a gentl e h eat

,
.
 90

GREEN TEAS .

W E have now t o c onsid e r t he charact eristics of t he

vari ous kinds of Gr e en T ea now shipp ed t o this .

c ou ntry T h ey are br oadly divid ed int o t w o cl a ss es

.
,

viz.
,
Moyu nes
“
and Pi ng Sucys
“
T he tr a d e in .
”

t he so c a ll e d C a nt on Gr ee ns which we re simply
-
“ ”
,

c omm o n Bl a ck T ea s m a d e up with gum s a n d et c , ,

.
,

and artifici a lly c ol ou r e d has fortu nat ely b e en st o pp e d

,

si nc e t he passi ng of t he Adult er ati on Act .

T he M oyu ne T e a s a r e divid e d i nt o t hr e e class es ,

viz t he N n kin h ow Tru e Mo u n e

“ ” “ ” “ ”
a
c ,
a nd , y .

T he t w o fo rm e r ar e usu ally of gr ea t str e ngth a n d

pu ng ency but oft en with a t en d e ncy t o c o ars en ess

,
.

T he Tru e Moyu nes a r e disti n g u ish e d by th eir p al e co m

pl exi on a nd p eculiar c owslip sc ent a nd fl a vour A

“ ’
.

v a ri ety of Moyu ne G u np owd e r k now n as O u cha i ne

,
”

is greatly i n fav our with s om e buy e rs on acc ou nt of its

gre at str en gth ; th ey h ow ev er lack m a k e t he l eaf
, , ,

b ei ng gra nulat ed a nd not r ound ed .

 9 1

T he Ping Su ey T
as l a ck t he pow er and q uality
e

of t he Moyu ne vari eti es ; i n d e ed th ey are p ro ,

d uced p rincipally for a pp eara n c e being mad e t o ,

imitat e t he fin er l in es of Moyu ne G unp owd e r and

You n g Hyson T h ey usu ally com e ov er in b ox es of
.

about 2 5 t o 3 5 p ounds n ett and a re all mor e or l es s ,

f ac e d
.

T he vari eti es of Moyu ne G r ee n distinguish ed by ,

t he a g e of t he l ea f and by t he mak e of it ar e as ,

f oll ows

UP
G N O WDE R
Y ou ng t o m e dium l e av es r oll ed in
.
-

balls ranging fr om Pi n h e d t o Pea L ea f“

a
”
.
”

—
Y O U N G H Y SO N Y oung t o m edium l e af mad e i n
.

C ong ou fashion ; t he fin est a n d cl os est mak e is known

as G omc e .
”

I MP E R 1A L —O ld e r l e a v e s m a d e i n G u np owd er styl e
. .

H Y SO N —O ld er l ea v es mad e in Congou styl e

.
,
.

Am ongst t he fin e r grad es mad e fr om car efully s el ect ed

,

m atur e l eav es ma n i p ulat e d with car e a re s om e of t he

, ,

fi n est liqu ori n g Gr ee n T eas pr oduc ed th ey h ow ev er , ,

fi n d l ess favour tha n th ey d eserv e on t he h o m e mark e t

a n d t he gr eat e r part ar e e xp o rt e d .

T he l o w est grad e s k n ow n a s T wa nkay and

,
“

Hys on Ski n w hen n ow shipp ed t o this country ar e

,
”
,

u sually lab e ll e d I mp erial or Hyso n

“ ” “
.
”
 9 2

Of lat e t he co n sumpti o n of Gr een T ea has gr eatly

d ecr eas ed in this c ou ntry with pr obably b e nefici a l
,

r esults t o t he c on sum er th eir very str ong a stri ngent

,

qu a liti es r end eri n g th em it is r ea s onabl e t o b eli eve

, ,

i n ur i ous t o n erves and t he st o mach if dru n k in l a rg e

j -

quantiti es ; ind e ed t he d enu nciati o n of t ea dri nki n g

,
-

by Am erica n d o ct o rs m ay b e explai ned by t he fact th a t

G reens a nd O ol ongs and oth er similar vari eti es fo rm
t he gr eat e r p a rt of t he t ea dru n k in t he U nit e d Stat e s .

I n this c ountry t he c o nsumpti on of G r een Tea is

princi p ally confin ed t o t he Midland districts but eve n
,

th er e t he c onsumption app ears st eadily falling off .

We hav e n ow c over ed t he wh ol e ground as r egards

t he vari eti es of t ea s e n t t o this c ountry from Chi na ,

and hav e e nd eav our e d t o give a fa ir estimat e of t he

charact er and bl ending valu e of all t he l eading kinds .
INDIA N TEA .
 9S

TEA IN I N D IA .

WE notic e d in a pr evi ous chapter that t he original

habitat of t he t ea pla nt is b eli eve d t o hav e b een in
t he hills b etw ee n I n dia and China fr o m wh e nc e it
,

spr ead over b oth th es e c ou ntri es ; but whil e cultivat ed

i n Chi n a fr om tim e imm e m ori a l its cultiv ati o n in I ndia
,

is of v ery r ec e nt dat e alth ough that Chin es e plants had

,

b een imp ort ed a n d w e r e gr o wi n g in th a t c ountry was

k n own m or e th a n a hu n dr e d y ears a g o I n 1 7 86 .
,

C olon el Kyd r esiding i n C a lcutta had Chin es e t ea

, ,

plants gr owi ng in his ga rd e n th er e a nd oth er i nstanc es

,

ar e o n r ec ord of its pr es enc e i n b ota nical and oth er

ga rd e ns i n I ndia.

S ir J Ba nks in 1 788 mad e eff orts in c onju ncti on

.
, , ,

with C ol on el Kyd t o dir ect a tt enti o n t o t he p ossibility

,
,

of gr e at r e sults t o b e o btai n e d fr o m t he study a n d

pr op er cultivati on of t ea i n I ndia ; but as this w ould

hav e int er fer e d with t he China t ea trad e— t he East
a n
’
o o o —
I ndia C omp y s m n p ly th es e eff orts w er e dis
cou ra g ed by t he auth oriti e s a t h o m e .

But lat er on t he disc ov e ry of i n digenous t ea i n t he

, ,

provinc e of Assam by Maj or R Bruc e in 1 8 2 3 brought

,
.
, ,
t he m a tt er agai n i n t o pr o min enc e and i n 1 8 2 5 t he,

S oci ety of Arts offe r e d th eir g old m ed al t o t he p ers on “

w ho shall gr o w a n d pr e par e t he gr ea t e st qu a n tity of t e a

of g ood quality not b e i ng l ess th an t w enty p ou nd s

,

w e ight i n t he E ast I n d i es or oth e r British quality ,

, ,
”

w hic h was ultim a t ely ga i n e d by Mr C A Br u c e . . .

,

br oth e r of M aj or Br u c e w ho was pr es ent at t he captur e

,

of Su d eya i n U pp e r Ass a m and foll ow e d up his

, ,

br oth e r s inv estig ati ons I n 1 8 3 2 he l a id t he i nform a

’
.

ti on he had o btai ne d b efor e C aptai n J e nki ns w ho h d ,

a

b ee n s ent t o r e p ort o n t he r e s ourc es of t he c ou ntry .

His r ep ort mad e a gre at impr essi on on L ord William

B e nt i ck t he Gov er nor G eneral a n d at his instig a ti on
,
-

a c o mm i tt e e was a pp o i n t e d t o c o n s d e r t he fea sibility

i

of i nt r oduci ng t he t ea industry i n t he C o mp a ny s ’

t e rrit ori es .

T he id e as of t he c o mmitt ee w er e str o n gly in favour

of i ntr o ducing plants fr o m Chi n a i nst e ad of c u ltivati n g

,

t he n a tive t e a ; a n d Mr G ord on th eir s ecr e tary was

.
, ,

d espatch ed in Ju ne 1 8 3 4 t o M c o with i nstr u cti ons

, , ,
a a
,

t o obtai n a supply of t e a pl a nts a n d s eeds ; but by

M a rch 1 8 3 5 t he c ommitt e e havi ng m eanwhil e r ec eive d

, , ,

t he r e p orts of sci en tists w ho had b ee n s ent i n t o Assam

t o r e p ort on t he t ea gr owing th e r e d ecid e d that t he ,

imp ortati o n of China pla nts was needl ess an d recall ed ,

 97

Mr . G ord but again d e s patched him i n t he autumn of

on ,

t he sam e y ear t o obtain Chinam e n a bl e to su p erint e nd

t he cultivati o n and ma n ufactur e n this he was

. I
s ucc e ss ful and in 1 8 3 6 o p e rations w e r e comm e nc e d i n
,

e arn e st u n d e r t he dir ecti o n of Mr

,
C A Bruc e w ho . . .
,

was appoi n t e d sup e rint en d e nt of t ea i fo rest s

“
.
”

I n 1 8 3 8 t he first c onsignm ent of tw elv e ch ests was

se nt h o m e a nd favourabl y r e p ort e d o rf i n con se qu e nc e ,

wh er eof Mr Bruc e was award e d t he b efor e m enti on e d

.
-

m e dal of t he S oci ety of Arts S oon a ft e r i n 1 840 t he

.
, ,

Ass a m Tea C ompany was form ed and took ov er t he ,

e xp e rim en tal g a rd e ns a n d t e n
,
y
e ars l at e r many gard e n s

ha d b ee n start e d i n Assam and t he cultivation rapi dl y

,

s pr e ad to Kuma o n D u rr u ng Cachar D arj ee ling

, , , ,

N ei lg herr i es Chittagong and mor e r ec e ntly to Ch ot a

, , ,
'

N agp or e C eyl on , and Travancore

,
.

T he trad e at h o m e t ook kindly to t he I ndian p ro

d uc e exp e rts spok e highly of it and g o od pric e s w er e

, ,

o btai n e d o n t he Minci n g Lan e Mark et U nd er th es e .

c ircumsta n c e s th er e was a rush t o fo rm new c o mpani e s

a n d t o o p e n n ew gard e n s and pr o m ot e rs w er e i n ma ny
,

c as e s no t ab o v e r oughly cl e aring patch e s o f wast e la n d

a n d planti n g t e a s e e d a n d s e lling th e m t o n ew compani e s

-

a s e stablish e d t e a e stat e s Men ignorant of t he w ork

.

w er e put i n as ma n age rs and as th eir only o bj ect was

,
 9 8

to s o h w a l ar g e o utput v ast q uantiti es of rubbish w er e

,

sh i p p ed to England and a d isastrous fall in pric es

,

occurr ed A collaps e n aturally foll ow ed and t he y ear s

.
,

1 8 6 5 t o 1 8 6 7 saw wid e spr e a d ruin am ongst t he I ndian

t ea c o nc er n s but t he disast er was r etri ev ed , t ea

gr ow i ng b ecam e i a sci enc e a nd i n t he ha n ds of m en of
,
«

e xp eri e nc e and r esourc e t he m ethods of cultivati on

, ,

and c onsequ entl y t he quality of t he product h av e b ee n ,

ste adily impr ovi ng fr om that tim e forward .

A few figur es Wil l sh o w how rapidly t he c onsumption

i n this c o untry has incr e as e d during t he last tw e nty fi ve -

y e ars
In 8 6 4t he c onsu m p t i on } C e nt of t he

I pe r
p
1 or 2 1 .

of ndi an T ea w as
lb s .

l
t ot a consu m t i on .

I 867 n 11 11 1/ 6 r/ 1/

1 8 70 M II 10

u u
1! 1/ 1/ 1!

I S74 1/ I/ 1 5 n I/

1 875 r/ n u . 1/ 1 7 1} 11 1/

1 8 76 n n I9

u u
n 1/ ll
1 8 77 11 II I9 11 II
1 8 78 n n l/ 20 11

1 8 79 n I, 11 ll 19 ri 1/

1 8 80 fl r/ 1/ 22 II
1 881 II II 11 1/ 23 II 1/

1 882 [1 [1 11 II 2 4 I/ 1/

I S8 3 [1 2 8 n
u
H U 1/ r/

I SS4 U II I/ 30 II [1

1 8 85 n I ! r/ 38 II 1/

1 886 41 II
u
1/ f, 11 ll 1/

1 887 46
u
u 11 l/ II

1 888 [1 11 II 49 1/

I 8 89 96 9 00 9 0 0 II 5 9
u u
n u 1/ 11 r/

I 8 9° [ I 11 6 1 1/ l/

1 891 97 000 o000 I 55 if

u
u U u I/ , I/

1 89 2 n II ” 59 I ! r/
 99

I N D IA N TEA .

C U LT I VAT I O N AN D MAN U FAC T U R E .

IN I ndia
wh er e t he cultiv a ti o n of t ea has now bee n
,

r educed to a sci e nc e s ev eral vari eti es of t he p lant ar e

,

grown consisting of t he China p lant t he indigen ou s

, ,

I ndian plant and a s eri es of hybrids T he indig en ous

,
.

p lant though s om ewhat l ess hardy than its Chin ese

,

— y
rival has man advantages gro wing t o a much gr eat e r
,

h eight p roducing larg e r and m or e fr equ ent fl ush es

,
“ ”
,

and t he t e as mad e th er efrom are more ras p ing a nd

.

p ung ent T he l ead ing charact eristics of t he two p lants

.

ar e thus summ e d u p by C o l o n el M o n ey

“
T he indig enous tr ee has al e af of nin e i nch es long

and mor e T he l e af of t he China bush n eve r exc ee ds

.

four i nch e s T he indig e nous l eaf is a bright p al e gr ee n

.
,

t he China l eaf a dul l dark gr e en c ol our T he indig eno us

‘
.

‘
fl u sh es that is p r oduc es new te nd er l eaf much
,
’
,

y
m or e co p iousl than t he C hina and thi s i n two ways ,
'
 1 00

f i r s t , t hel eav es ar e larger and thus i f only even in

‘

, ,

n umbe r e xc ee d in bulk what t he China has giv e n and

s econd ly it flush es oft en er T he in fusi o n of t ea mad e
,
.

‘
f r o m t he i ndig en o us sp eci e s is fa r m o r e raspi ng an d ’

‘
pung ent th a n what t he Chi n a plant can give and
’
,

t he t ea c o mma n ds a m u ch high er pric e T he y oung .

l eav es from which al one t ea is mad e are of a much fi ne r

, ,

and s oft e r t extur e in t he indige n ous than in t he Chin a

t he form er may b e compar e d t o satin t he latt e r t o ,

l eath er T he y ou ng l ea ve s of t he indig enous m o r eo ver

.
, ,

d o no t hard e n so q u ickly as th os e of t he Chi n a ;

thus i f th er e is any u nav oidabl e d elay in picking a

,

fl ush t he l o ss is l e ss with t he form e r

,
I n t he fact th at
.

ai np r u ne d o r unpick e d pla nts (for picking is a mi n iatur e

‘

p runing ) giv e fe w e r a n d l e ss succul e nt y o u ng l e av es ,

which ha i d e n quick er th a n pru ne d on e s t he t w o ,

vari eti e s w oul d see m t o b e alik e T he Chi n a vari ety

.

is much m or e prolific of s ee d than t he ind i g eri ou s ; t he

form e r als o giv e s it wh en y ou n g e r and as s eed ch ecks , ,

l eaf t he Chi n a is i nferi or i n this as in oth er r esp ects

,
.

T he China is by far t he hardi er plant it is much easi er

t o r e ar a n d it will gr ow in wid e ly di ff e ring clim at e s
, ,

which t he i ndig e n ous will not .

”

It is h o w ever but rarely that a pur e pla nt of eith er

, ,

s p eci es is now s een i n cultivati on plant ers h a vi ng ,

 IOI

ad o pt ed a lmost univ ersally one or oth er of t he vari ou s

hybrids ; a nd t he first q u esti o n a new pla nt er has t o
d e cid e a ft er he has cl ear e d his la n d is which vari ety
, ,

he will s el e ct t o st o ck hi s e stat e Havi ng mad e hi s

.

s el ecti o n he w ill sow his s ee d e ith er o n t he sp ot wh ere

,

his pla nt ati on is t o b e or in a nurs ery an d tr a nsplan t

, ,

t he y o u ng pla nts lat er T he plants sh ou l d b e in r ows

.

ab out four a nd a hal f fe et apart Th es e hav e t o b e

.

ma nu r e d a nd pru ne d a n d car efully att e nd ed t o for

,

thr e e y ea rs wh e n t he y ou n g plants b egi n t o yi e ld a nd

,

i f t he ma n ag e r is skil ful a n d all g o w ell t he yi eld may

, ,

b e l a rg e en ough t o c ov e r exp ens e s by ab out t he fi fth or

sixth y e ar .

T he first op erati o n i n t he manu factur e of t ea is

n atur a lly th at o f picki n g t he l e a f o n ly t he y o u ng

succ u l ent l ea ves fr om fre sh sh oots are of u se for t he

purp os e and fr om th emt he di ffer e nt gr a d e s ar e mad e
,

a cc o rding t o th e ir d e v el opm e n t thus o n a sh oot of

-

, ,

six l e av es t he t w o sm all est and y oung est will make

,

O rang e P e k oe t he next t w o P e k oe a nd t he t w o o ld e st:

, ,

a nd larg est Pek oe S ouch ong or S o uch ong I t has .

,

h ow e ve r b ee n found impr a cticabl e to k eep t he di ffer e nt

,

sized l eaves s eparat e at t he tim e of picking and all ,

a r e gath e r e d at o nc e and manu factur e d togeth er and ,

a ft erwards s ort ed as w e shall d escribe later Wh en t he

, .
 1 02

l eaf is br ought in by t he pick ers it is c ar efu lly w eigh e d

i f t he w eath er is w et all o wa nc e is m a d fo t he m oistur e
e r
,

a nd th e n spr ead out t o with e r i n light b a mb oo tr a ys

,

a rrang e d o ne o v er t he o th e r i n h o u s e s o p e n t o t he air

o n a ll S id e s but c ove r e d at t he t o p t o k ee p o u t ra in ;
,

h e r e it r e mains u ntil on han d fu l b e i ng tak e n up and

a

squ eez e d it n o l onge r mak es crackli ng nois e wh en

,
a

held t o t he e ar or expa n d s w he n r el eas e d T he t ea is

.

t h e n r e ady for t he r olli n g pr o c e ss ,and for this purp os e

t he with e r e d l e av es ar e n e xt spr e ad o u t o n a str o ng

d e al tabl e c o v e r e d with matti n g a n d a li ne o f m e n

,

f o rm e d 0 11 each sid e w ho r oll t he l e a f w ith th e ir h a nds

, ,

c o n sta n tly p a ssi ng it i n h a n d fu ls fr o m h a n d t o hand

until su ffici e ntly roll ed wh e n it is ma d e i nto b alls and

,

plac e d on a n adjac ent sta nd t o und ergo t he pr oc ess

o f fe rm e ntati o n . T he tim e occ u pi e d fo r this pr o c e ss

vari e s fr om m ny ca u ses b eing q u ick er in w a rm than

a
,

i n c old w e at he r ; but it may g e n e r a lly b e r e g a rd e d as

c ompl e t e d wh e n t he l e av e s c o mp o sing t he b a ll a r e hal f

-

o f th e m a rusty r e d a nd h l f o f th e m gr ee n
a The t e a
.

i s th e n r ea dy for su nn i n g a nd t he b all sh ould b e

,

imm ed i at e ly br ok en op en a n d t he t ea spr ead ou t very

t hin on mats and exp o s e d t o t he su n fo a b ou t a n h our ;
r

it is th e n r eady for t he final pr oc ess o f firi ng a nd for ,

that p u rp os e it is pl ac e d i n a s eri es o f dr aw ers a bov e a

 1 03

l ar charc oal fi re so arr a nge d that th e can b e tak en ou t

c e ,
y
fr o m tim e t o ti m e durin g t he proc ess to sha ke u p t hei r

c ont e nts ; thi s proc ess is continu e d until t he t ea ha s

b ec om e dry and crisp a nd th en t he manu factur e i s
,

c o m p l et e
. I t o nly no w r e mains t o s eparat e t he differe nt
y
c las se s alr e ad n ot e d which is don e by si fting thr ough
,

c an e si e v es with m e sh e s of vari o us siz e s t he first all o wing

,

o nl y t he young est and small e st l e av es — with wh i ch

th er e is usually a l a rg e pr oportion of tips—to pass
i

through which mak es O rang e P eko e t he n ex t allow s

,

t he P e ko e t o pas s thr ough n ext t he Pe ko e S ouch o ng ,

a nd th e n t he Souch o n g is l eft A ft er that to pack

.
,

t he t ea as r a pidly as possibl e s ol d ering down t he l e ad

,

so that it sh o uld b e air tight -

and pr e s e rve t he ar oma
,

a nd flavour of t he t ea during its v oy a g e t o Eng land .

I n m ost e stat es no w h owever this old fashion ed

, ,
-

m e thod of manufa ctur e by hand has b een sup ers e d e d by

t he intr o ducti on of m ost inge nious machin e ry e ff e cting ,

a va st saving of tim e a n d lab our T he foll ow

. ing i s a
d e scri p ti o n of o n e of t he most m o d e rn p roc ess e s

The t ea wh e n gath er e d is p lac ed i n what is call ed a

, ,

‘
cycl on e with ering and drying machin e which consi st s ’
,

of a rotating drum with an exhau st a nd forc e fan

working in an opp osit e dir ection i n t he i nterior ; it i s
i ng e niously d e sign ed to sup ers ed e t he slow p roc ess
 10 4

of d rying by spr e a d ing ou t i n t he h eat of t he sun

o r i n a hot ch a m b er I n t he exteri or of t he drum
.

ar e t w o d oo rs and t w o st e am p a ss a ge s T he t ea havi ng
.

b e e n plac e d in t he i n t e ri o r t he d oo r is fa st ene d
,
As .

t he l e a f toss e s ab out t he ho t air fr o m t he fa n plays

,

up on it exp osi ng e ach se parat e l e a f t o equ a l h ea t T o

, .

av o id fricti on and at t he sam e tim e o bvi at e t he n ec e ssity

,

of using lubric ati ng o i l t he fa n r e v olv e s o n a packin g

,

of asb estos and plumba g o Wh e n i n fi ve mi nut es

.
, ,

t he l eav e s a e tak e n ou t
r th ey have th a t kid gl ove
,
-

fe eli ng which indicat es that t he with eri ng pr oc ess is

c ompl et e d T he l eave s t ak en o u t of t he b ott om of t he

.

‘
dr u m a re co n v ey ed t o t he gr ee n with ere d l ea f cutti ng
machin e which p oss ess es t he gre at adva nta ge ov er
’

chopping with a kni fe that n ot o nly is it much quick e r

,

but th e re is a savi n g of b etw een 40 a nd 50 p er c e nt i n .

t he a m ou nt of l o ss throu g h dryi ng T he l eav e s fa ll

.

fr o m a h opp e r ov er a r oll e r a n d in b e tw e e n t w o m or e
,

cylin d e rs which cu t t he l eave s i nt o t he r equisit e siz e of

,

squ a re T he l e ves gath e red fr om und er neath a re

. a

p lac e d i n a canvas bag and fixe d i n what is designat e d

‘
t he link a nd l ev e r t e a r o lli n g machi ne wh er e t he bag
’
-
,

r e v olve s b etw ee n a ribb ed c e ntral drum a nd sid es .

“
T he ext eri or of t he latt e r is c omp os e d o f stave s ,

which by a n i ngen i ous and p ow erful applic ati on of t he

,
 105

l eve r p rinci p l e can b e draw n tight or exp and e d i n

, ,

ord er to produc e t he d esire d pressur e Eight p ounds . y

of t ea ca n b e roll e d at on e t im e Empti e d out of t he
.

bag t he l eaves are plac e d i n zinc b ott om e d draw ers

,
-

which are fitt e d int o tight fi t t i ng gr oov es in a chamb er

-

expos e d t o hot air T he st ove is of a n ovel d esign

. .

A n y kind of fu e l can b e burn e d as t he vap our arisi n g

,

th e refrom do es not p enetrat e t o t he int erior T he .

atm osp heric air ent ering fr o m u n d e rn e ath is c o nvey e d ,

thr ough p e rp endicular pip es which thr o ugh out th e ir

,

l e ngth are alt ernat ely c ontra ct e d and exp a nd ed giving ,

th e m t he app eara nc e of a turn e d pillar By t he h e at .

fr o m t he fi r e b e ing dir e ct e d so as t o strik e o n t he upp er

e nd of t he pip es a th or ough draught is cr eat ed whil e

, ,

by an ec on omical arra n ge m e nt t he h eat a ft er p assing ,

thr ough t he l eav es is c o nvey ed in a pip e and serv es as

,

t he hot air supply of t he with e ri n g machin e

-
.

“
For t he s orti ng of t he dri ed l ea v es is provid e d a

uniqu e circular m oti on si fting machin e which poss ess es

-

t he advantag e of b e ing s el f d e l ive ring and of s ep arating

-

t he t ea int o t he vari ous q ualiti es T h er e are four si eves

. .

T he t ea a ft e r b eing rubb e d ov er t he upp er si ev e by

,

hand falls by t he acti on of t he machin e into N o 2

, , ,
.

si eve wh er e t he S ouch ong is d e p osited whil e on t he

, ,

l ow er si ev es r esp ectively P ek oe Pek oe Souchong a nd

, ,
 1 06

O ra ng ePekoe r emain t he d u st falli ng through be n eath

, .

A fter having b ee n again dri e d t he t ea is pack ed for t he ,

market .
”

T he followi n g a r e t he pri ncipal grad es of I ndian

t ea

FLO W E RY P KO E E P KO SO U C H N G
E E O
O RANG SO U C H O N G
. .

PE KO E E
CON GOU
. .

P KO
E E . .

T he va ri ous brok en kinds viz

BR O K N S O U C H O N G
.
,

BR O K N P K O E E E E
P K O D U ST FANN I N G S
. .

E E
BR O K N M I D DU
. .

E ! E TEA . ST .

Flow e ry Pe k oe is pick e d fr o m t he shrub e ntir ely

separat e fr o m t he oth e r d escripti o ns of t ea o nly t he ,

buds and y oung l eav e s b eing t a k e n I n t he pr eparati on .

it is not subj e ct e d so s everely to the action of h e at ,

and gen erally pr es erves a uni form silv ery gr ey ti nt .

I t usually p oss ess es int ense str ength and pungency ,

w ith exquisit e p e n e trating fl av o ur .

P ek oe is a t ea of blackish or gr eyish blackish

a pp eara n c e dott e d over with gr eyish or yello w ish tips
,

which o n cl os e ins p ection will b e fou n d t o p oss ess t he

, ,

d owny app earanc e which give s t he nam e t o P ek oe .

I n g en e ral w e do not fi nd t he wh ol e l eaf c ov er ed wi t h

,

d own b u t onl yt he e n d s
, Pek oes should b e of go od t o
.

fi ne flavour and of gr eat str e n gth .

 1 07

Wh en t he Pek oe tips ar e v ery num e r ous and of

gold en orange hu e and t he l eaf is v ery small and even
, ,

t he t e a is c a ll e d O rang e P e ko e I n fla vour it is much

.

t he sam e as t he fin e st P eko es a nd many gr o w e rs d o,

not s eparat e t he t w o vari eti es .

T he t erm P e k o e S ouch o ng is appli ed t o that larg e

a nd s e r v ic ea bl e cl a ss of t e a int e rm e di t e wi th Pe k o e
a

and S ouch o n g and som etim es t o a P ek oe that is

,

d e fici ent i n P ek o e tips o r t o a b old S ouch o ng class

,
-

l eaf with a few e n ds mix e d I n liqu o r th ey a re

,
.

g e n e rally str o n g e r but c o ars e r tha n P e k oes .

T he nam e of Br o k e n Pe k o e indicat e s at o nc e what

t he t e a is ,
nam ely Pek oe which has b een br ok en
,

i n t he mani p u lati o n or oth erwis e I t p oss ess es m ore .

s tr e ngth than t he full l e a f o f P e ko e and is O ft e n of

,

fin er quality O wing t o t he brittl e ness of t he t end er

.

P ek oe ends th ey are s o m etim e s br ok e n off in ve ry large

,

q ua n tity
,
thus a d ding t o t h e valu e o f t h e br o k e n P e k o e ,

th ough at t he sam e tim e d eteri orati ng t he P ek oe .

Peko e dust is still small er br o ke n so sm all i n fa ct , , ,

a s actually t o r es e mbl e dust It i s of gr eat strength

. .

Souchongs sh ould have a b old e v e n straight or , , ,

slightly curv e d l ea f i n l e ngth varying say from hal f an

,
-

i nch t o one and a hal f inch e s

- - -
Th ey have not t he
.

q uality of P e k o e ,
but a r e g e n e rally o f g o od str e n gth .
 1 08

C o ngou may b e eith er a l ea f of Souch ong kin d bu t ,

t o o larg e t o c om e u n d er t hat cl a ss or a small e r l e a f

, ,

t oo un ev e nly mad e or t o o much curl e d

(so a s to

r e s embl e littl e balls) t o b e so cl ssifi ed T he flavou a . r

is m u ch t he s a m e as that of S ou ch ong b u t t he t ea ,

u sually has n o t o m u ch str e ngth

s .

W e no w c om e t o t he brok e n d escripti o ns of th es e .

mid d l e and l ow e r class es of t e a .

Brok en Mix e d T ea is a its n a m e imp orts a

,
s
,

mixtur e of t he v ari o u s ki nds of t ea br ok e n I t m ay .

h a ve a v ery wid e ra ng e i nclud e s o m e of t he l ow e r

,
'

class es or a ppr oa c h Br ok e n Pek oe i n charact er a nd

, ,

v alu e
.

T he t e rm Br o k e n S ouch ong is c omm o nly a ppli e d

t o a t e a which th ou gh br ok e n has s om e appr oach

, ,
.

t o a fu ll l eaf of t he S ouch o n g or P ek o e S o u ch ong

characte r
Fanni ngs is a t erm of gr eat c o mpr e h ensivene ss I t .

m ay b e o f a br o w n ish br ow n ish blackis h or blackish

,
-

c o l our I ts str e ngth is s eldom gr eat but its flavou r

.
‘

may b e fair or g oo d but in th e l ow er qualiti es i t is

,
.

g en erally p oor thi n or c oars e

, ,
.

D ust is us u ally of i nt ens e strength but oft en very ,

c oars e or e arthy i n fl avour owing p erh aps t o

“ ”
, , ,
!

sw eepi n gs and d u st ha ving b ecom e mix e d with it .

 1 09

I
An oth er class of ndian T ea not m e nti o n e d i n t he ,

f or e go ing list is kn o wn as t he N amuna kind All

“ ”
.
,

r e ad ers of th e s e pages w ho have b een c on nect e d with

I ndia at a ny tim e will r ec og nis e t he word m eaning a ,

“
sampl e i n Hi ndust a ni though th ey may not q uit e
”
,

s ee how it c o m es t o o ccupy t he p ositi on in which w e

c o nsid e r it It is sai d that its first application in this

'

mann e r ar os e fr o m a plant er havi ng s e nt t o Engl a nd

s o m e samp l e b o x e s o f t e a with t he tick e t N amu n a “

o n th e m . Th es e t eas h app e n e d t o b e of t he p eculiar

d escription which n o w g oe s by that nam e T he L o nd on .

brok ers b ei ng unacquaint ed w ith t he significati o n of

t he word hav e always sinc e th en appli e d t he nam e
,

“
N amuna t o this class of t e a
”
Th es e t eas are made
.

fr o m un fe rm e nt e d l e a f as is t he cas e with Chin a

,

O ol o ngs a nd G r ee ns T he l eaf is g en erally of a dark

.

o liv e gr ee n
-
I n t he pot it pro duc es a ve ry pal e li q u or
.
,

but its q uality beli es t he p oor thin app earanc e of t he

,

i n fusi on I t is v ery punge nt a nd p e netrati ng in fl a v our

.
,

p oss essing s o m ewhat of t he raspi ng catch of t he Gr een

T e a class with t he fl a v o ur a littl e r efi n e d T he o utturn .

is ge n erally gr ee n s o m e tim es with s o m e bro w n ish

,

l eaves mi xe d A ny of t he black l ea f t eas may b e of

.
-

this class fr om t he Pek oe t o t he l ow est dust Th es e

, .

t eas are oft en call e d I n di a n O ol ongs or I ndian

“
,
“
 I IO

I N D IA N TEA DIS T R I CT S .

TH E pri nci p al T ea gr owi ng districts of I ndia are as

-

foll ows

1. Assam .
7 H az ar e e b a u
.
g h .

2. T he D e hra D hoo n .8 Chittag o ng . .

3. Kumaon ( Himalayas ) 9 T e rai

.
( b el o w
. D arj ee li n g ) .

4. D arj e e ling (Himal a yas ) 1 0 N e i lg.h e rr i es

.
( Madr a s
5. Cachar and Sylh et . Hills ) .

6 Kangra (Himalayas )
. 11 W est ern D ooars
. . .

Th es e are en um erat e d i n t he o rd er in which th ey

b ecam e T e a districts and i n that ord er w e shall now
,

pr oc eed t o glanc e at th em ser i a t m and n ot e t he l eadi ng

’

z
,

charact eristics of t he pr oduc e of e ach .

A SSA M—T his is t he pri n cipal h om e of t he indigen ou s

.

I ndian Plant ; it has t he advantages of good soil and

good climat e and t he vast river B u rham p oot ra which
, ,

runs through Assam from end to end giv es an easy m od e ,

of ex p ort for t he T ea T he s u pply of lab our is t he chi ef

.
 I I I

d i ffi culty with which A ssam plant rs e have to c ont e nd ,

as th ey are almost enti rel y d p nde e ent on import ed

cooli es.

T he principal estat es in th i s district are

A m g oori e Estat e ,
acr es Mark B3 D

T he Assam T e a Co .
’
s Estates ,
acr es Am . Co .

Buchanan Co s Estat e s
.
’

Bishnath T ea C0 .
’
s Estat es ,
acr es

Brahmapo otra T ea Co s Estat es

.
’

,
acr es Mark

D00 m D oo ma T e a Co .
’
s Estat es ,
acres

J orehau t Tea Co s Estat es

.
’
,
acre s

Land Mortgage k Est at es B .

,
acr es

Mu ng ledye T ea Co .
’
s Estat es 1 500 acres
 1 12

N oahachar ee T ea C0 E st a t es , acr es
’
. s .

K ak aja n , ” “
Rajoi ,
”
L ahi ng
“

Marks ,

D eb ra p ar ,
”
Teok .
”

Sc ottish Assam T e a Co .
’
s Estates ,

acr es Mar k

S i ng lo Est at e ,

R . G ord on Shaw , Co .
’
s Estates ,

acr es

U pp e r Assam Tea Co s Estates .

’

acr es
Assam
T he principal ge n eral chara cteristics of t he Assam
T ea s a r e str engt h b ody an d grip
, .

D EH R AN — D
T he Climat e of this district is
HOO .

m ost u nfav ourabl e and t he gr eat dista nc e fr o m t he

'

c oa st r end e rs transp ort d i ffi c u lt and exp ensiv e ; l a b o u r ,

h ow ev er is ch eap a n d pl enti fu l
,
.

T he principal estat es i n t he district a r e

T he D ehra D h oo n T e a C o mpany s Estat es
’
,

cr es
a M ark D D T Co .

K a w la g hi r Est at e 5 00 acr e s An El ep hant

,
.
 D hra D h oon T eas
e ar e usually very und esirabl e ,

b ei ng thin and bak y .

U
K MA O N — T he s oil of this hilly district is r emark
.

a bly rich but t he climat e is t oo b racing for t he gr owth

,

of oo d t e as labour is pl e nti ful but transp o rt is v ery

g ,

e x p ensiv e T he C hina plant is chi e fl y cultivat e d in

.

this localit y .

T he stat es in t he district
e a re m ostly smal l (und er
1 00 acr es ) t he largest a re

Mulla K u t hyoor Estat e , 5 00 acr es M a rk

K ou sani e T e a Com p any s Est a t es’

, 3 50 acr es K T Co .

Kumaon T a as a rul e draw light bri sk pu ng ent

e s, , , ,

li q uors .

D A R LI N
JE—T his is a noth er hill district t he
E G .
,

e l evati o n of t he st a ti o n b e ing feet t he climat e is

b ette r t han Kuma on th er e b e i n g m or e r a in i n spring

, .

Trans p ort to Calcutta by rail is e a sy ; t he plants with ,

f ew exc eptions ar e gr o wn fr o m Chin e s e s ee d

, .

gard ens ar e num er ous but many of th e m

T he , are

v erysm al l Am ongst t he princi p al estat e s are

.

T he D arj ee ling T ea Co .
’
s Estat es ,

acr es Mark
 1 1 4

G e n F y er s
. Dr . Br ougham s Estat es ’
,
D
90 0 Mark F B

A ND T
F B

Kurs eo ng and D arj e eli n g T ea Co .

’
s
K
E stat es 800 acr es Mark
, A

La nd M ortgag e B a nk of I n dia Estat es ,

L

/ B
acr es

< ii l
>
L
L ebong T ea Co .
’
s Est a t es 1 00 0
n

S ungma T ea Co .
’
s Estates 600 acr es Su n gma
T

T e sta Va ll ey T ea Co .
’
s Estat es ,
6 0 0 acr es V
>< T

T u ckv ar Co .
’
s Estat es ,
8 50 acr es £3153?
1

D arj ee ling Teas ar e no e t d for th eir ar oma a nd

flav our .

R L
CA CHA A N D S Y H E T —Th es e districts are virtually .

but one and t he climat e di ffers b u t littl e from that of

,

Assam th er e is m or e rai n in t he spring but t he s oil i s ,

p oor er Wate r tra nsp ort t o Calcutt a is g ood

. .
 115

B ritish Indian T ea Co .
’
s Estat e s ,
6 50

B uchanan Co .
’
s Charg ola T e a Co .
’
s

Estat es , acr e s

C e ntr a l Cachar T ea Co .
’
s Estat es , CC
. . T ea Co .

acr es LD .

Chandyp or e T ea Co ’
s Estates Chan dyp or e
,
.

T e a Co , LD
acr es C 8:B .
.

.
.

Ch erra T ea Co .
’
s Estat es , P at heche r r a
Anchor

E ast ern C a ch a r T ea Estates

’
Co . s ,

acr es

E ndog r a m Tea Co s Estat es .

’

Land Mortgag e B a n k Est a t e s ,

Loob ah T ea Co .
’
s Esta t es ,

acr es

Scot p or e T ea Co .
’
s Estat e s ,

acr es / S T Cc
. . .

/
 1 16

Si lcoori e T e a G ard en , 2 ,0 0 0 acr es Mark CCL

S outh Sylh et T ea Co .
’
s Estat e s ,
SCCI
acr es
Tarr ap or e T ea Co s Estat es
.
’
,

acr e s
Cach ar T e as as a rul e a re v ery similar t o t he Assam
, ,

kinds but usually h ave l ess b ody b u t m o r e p oint

, ,
.

R
K A N G A —This is a ch rmi ng va ll ey but t oo dry and
. a
,

cold for a p er fect t e a clim at e T he s o il is fairly go o d .

,

and l ocal lab ou r pl enti ful Tr a nsp ort t o Calcutta is .

di ffi cult but m u ch of t he t e gr o w n h er e finds a mark et

,
a

am ongst t he trib es of Cent r al Asia

'

T he gard ens in t he K a ngr a Va ll ey ar e all small ,

t he

principal b eing

T he Kangra Va ll ey T e a Co .
’
s

Estat es 3 00 acr e s
,
Mark

T he H olta Estat es acr es Mark

’
T ea Co . s , 500

T he fi ne t eas of this district hav e a p eculiarly

d elicat e fl avour a nd ar e m u ch est eemed by some
,

tast ers .
 H A Z A RE E B A U G H climat e of this d istrict is too
.
-
T he

dry t o b e fa v our a bl e for t ea growi n g t he s oil is p oor ,

and tra n sp ort is d i fli cu lt ; lab our h ow ever is v er , ,

y
abunda n t an d ec on omical .

Th er e are but few e stat es ,

t he princi p al b eing

Ihoom r a Estat es ,
acr e s Mark J
T C

Mowdi e Hill Co s Est a t es.

’
,
1 72 a cr es M H Co
. . .

Ram b u g h T ea Co .
’
s Estat es , 3 50
acr es LD .

C I
H TTA G O —
N G This district has for t he m ost part
.

good s oil s om e tracts b ei n g exc eedingly rich th er e is

,

a pl enti ful supply of l o cal l a b our and gr eat advantag es

‘

for trans p ort .

T he princi p al estat es ar e

T ea
Q)

Chand p or e Estat e ,
s
f
5 00 acr es Mark f CO /
o
Chi tt a g ong .

F u t t i cherr i T e a Estat e 3 53 acr es Mark

Ass ociati on s Estat es

’

K or nafu li
’

K or nafuli
acr e s .
 118

Su ng oo River T ea Co .
’
s Estat es ,

45 0 acr es Mark

Chittag ong T eas ,

as a rul e p oss ess gr eat b o dy an d
,

str ength .

TE A 1 — R
S oil and clima te ar e g ood
. for t ea , but
unh ealthy labour is a di fficulty .

T he principal est at es ar e

C entr a l Terai T ea Co .
’
s Estat es , 3 50
acr es Mar k

Indian T erai T ea Co .
’
s Estat es , 3 00
a cr e s

N ax alb arr i e Estat e 220 acr es

O rd T e rai T ea Estat e , 220

acr es Mark

TE RIA T ea Estat e , 2 00 acr es Mark M . &

T era i
M
.
.

T erai T e as ar e usually on D a rj eeli ng in charact er .

 1

N E I LGH E RRIE S : The climat e of this di strict is

.
-

te mp erat e for larg e produc e but t he s oil is ex c ell ent ,

.

T he marks of t he p ri ncipal e stat e s are

B . D . / K . T . E .
\
N ag am ally

W . L K
.
Travanc or e
I n a Pin e appl e . Estat e .

N O HSU Ch
S eaforth .

Estat e .

Many of t he b est estat es n ow turn out t eas r e s e mbling

C eyl o ns in charact er .

R
W E ST E N D O O A R s —T he s o il . a nd climat e of thi s
n ew district ar e b o th exc e ll e n t ,
an d th er e ar e gr e at
f aciliti e s for railway trans p o rt .

T he pri ncipal estat es are

B ag r acot e T ea Co .
’
s Estat es ,
800
B agr ac ot e
cr es Mark
.

D ooar s T e a Co .
’
s Estat es ,
6 00 a cr es Bamandanga .

Leesh R iv er Co s Estat es
.
’
, 4 00

a cr es
P hoolb ar r i e T ea Co .
’
s Estat e s ,
6 50
acr es
 CE Y LO N TEA .

T HE d ev elop m e nt of C eyl on as a t ea pr oducing c ountry

-

ha s b ee n alm ost s en sati on a l in its sudd en n e ss It had

.

l ong b ee n kn ow n that t he t ea pla nt gr ew wild i n t he

isl a n d and at t he b egi n ning of t he pr es ent c entury
,

P ercival in his Acc ou nt of C eyl on r efers t o it as

,
“ ”
,
’

foll ows T he t ea p lant has b ee n disc ov er e d nativ e

~

in t he forests of C eyl o n I t gr ows sp ontan eously i n

.

t he n e ighb ourh oo d of Trin c omal ee a n d o th er n o rth er n

'

parts of C eyl o n I h av e in my p oss essi on a l ett er fr om

.

an offi c er of t he 8 ot h Regim ent in which he stat es tha t

,

he found t he r e al t ea pl a nt in t he w o ods of C eyl o n of a

qu a lity equal t o any that e ver gr ew i n China .

T he att e nti o n of t he C eyl o n pl a nt ers was h ow e v er

,

d evo ted alm ost exclusiv ely t o t he growing of c offee ,

and no att empt was m a d e t o t u r n t ea t o pr ofit a bl e

acc ou nt u ntil t he o utbr eak of t he l eaf dis eas e am ongst
t he c offe e pl a nts caus e d wid espr e a d ruin thr ough out

t he island . Th en c ertain e nt erprisi ng spirits m ad e

e xp erim e nt s as t o wh eth e r t e a c ould not b e mad e a
 121

profitabl e a lt e rnative cr op t o c off ee and undr eamt of ,

-

succ ess r esult e d ; t he shr ubs pr oduc e d larger and more

fr equ ent flush e s th a n c ould b e obtain e d in I ndian

gard e ns ; and t he t eas pr o duc e d at a v ery low cost

, ,

s ol d in L ond o n at pric es that sh owed handsom e pr ofit s

t o t he grow e rs N atur a lly t e a gr o wing was tak e n u p
.
,
-

o n e v ery ha n d e v e rywh e r e i n t he isla n d o n t he hills a s

w ell as i n t he low c ou ntry Fr e sh est at es ar e still b ei ng

.

cl ear e d and pla nt e d with t ea a nd old c offe e estates ,

'

which have c eas e d t o b e r e mun erativ e ar e having t he

c off ee p lants r oote d up t o mak e r oom for its m or e
profitabl e new rival ; an d on t he virgin s oil of t he
island t he plants not only pr o duc e t eas of t he high est
quality but are prolific t o an un p r ec ed ent ed ext ent
, ,

t he o u t turn p er acr e i n s o m e sp e cial cas es b e i n g ut

p
-

down at no l ess than lbs p er acr e . .

T he foll o wi ng figur e s givi n g t he ex ports of t e a

,

f rom C ol o mb o duri ng t he last n in e t ee n y e ars show t he ,

marvell ous expa nsi o n of t he C eyl o n t ea trad e in that

short p eriod
T ea E xp or t e d fr om O c t . i st , 1 8 74, t o Se
p
t 3 0 t h, . 1 875
u 1/ 1 8 75 1 8 76 .

1 8 76 1 8 77
1 87 8 78
7 1

u 1 878 1 8 79

1/ 18
79 7/ 1 88 0 . o
 122

T ea E xp ort e d from O c t . rst , 1 8 8 0 , p

t o S e t 3 ot h,
. 1 881 2 77 , 5 90 lb s .

1/ II 1 88 1 l/ 1 882
1 8 82

I/ 1 8 83 II 1]

II 1 884 1, II
1/ 1 8 85 7, 11

1 886

1 8 87 I/

1 888

1 8 89 u

1 890

1 89 1
1 892

T he plants or Jat fr o m which t he cr op i s

,
“
,
”

r ais e d di ffer i n t he vari ous e stat es Th er e ar e thr ee

,
.

main vari eti e s of plants viz t he Chi nes e t he I n dian ,

.
, ,

indig enous and a hybrid obtai ne d by cr ossi ng t he t w o

,
.

T o t he vari e ty of t he pl a n ts an d t o t he di ff er e nc e

in s oil a nd el evati on and t o t he syst em of plucking

,

ad opte d wh eth er fi ne m edium or c oars e t he distin

, , , ,

g u i shi n g charact e ristics o f t he pr o duct of t he v a ri ous

e stat e s ar e m ai n ly d u e as t he m e th o d of ma n u factur e by
,

m achi n ery is n ow alm ost u niv ers a lly ad opt e d .

T he t e as fr o m m ost of t he e stat es ar e divid ed i n a ,

similar mann e r t o I ndi a n vari eti es i nt o t he foll owing ,

g rad e s
O RA N G E P K y ge d m ll l v
t he st a n e st

K K
E OE ou n s a ea es ,

B RO EN O RA N G E P E OE hg l
w it g ip o den ora n e t

K
.

P y g l f l ly ll d lly
K K ll pp d
E OE oun ea , c o se ro e , u su a

B RO EN P E OE we ti e .
 1 23

P K C
SOU m ore m a t u re l v
K PK C
E OE HON G ea es, c ar e

B RO EN E OE SO U HO N G fu lly m d a e.

C
SO U m at u re l v more r ou ghlv

B K
HON G ea es ,

RO EN T EA m ade .

A nd s o m etim es
C ON GO U o ld est , rou gh l f e st ea .

P K F a nd
!y d v
K D
E OE A N N IN G S
n a m es s u
P E OE U ST
ffi ic e nt escri p t i e .

T he pric e s Obtain e d for th es e various q ual iti es vary

gr e atly acc o rding t o t he charact eristics Of each particular
parc el T he t eas fr o m t he m or e c el ebrat e d e stat es such
.
,

a s H ool anka n d e Loolco nd u r a Blackst o n e et c

,
c ommand, ,
.
,

v e ry extr e m e rat es but an exp ert t a st e r may o ft e n find

,

t eas Of equal quality fr o m l e ss k n o wn e stat e s at much

-

l ow e r p ric es than t he crack marks ar e fetching .

As r egards t he valu e of C eyl ons for bl ending pur

pos es w e may say that as a rul e th ey are matchl es s
, , ,

for fulln e ss of b o dy a nd r i chn ess of flav our but th ey

.
,

lack t he str ength and grip of m a ny I ndian v a ri eti es .

Th eir qualiti es r e nd er th e m m or e valuabl e for drinking

unmix ed tha n for bl e ndi ng a n d th os e r etail e rs w ho,

a r e d o ing t he larg e st trad e i n C eyl o n t e as ar e s elli n g

th e m unmix ed as a sp eciality and find th eir sup erb ,

quality th or oughly appr eci at e d by t he consum er .

T he foll o wi n g is a list of t he pri ncipal e stat e s on

'
 12 4

isl a nd I t i ncl u d es all fr o m which w e r e c eived o ne

t he .

hundred th ousand p ounds o f t ea and upwards duri ng

1 88 8 °

L ( lo w )
. re p r e se nt s fr o m sea - e lvl e up to feet
M
.

.
( m e di um
) to fee t
h gh m d i
.

H M . .
( i e um ) to feet
H (h gh )
.

. i to fe e t
And H H ( h i gh . est ) ab o v e fee t .

KAW . . . a b ou t lb s .

M a r i aw at te I! I/

Ve ll i O a -
ya ( E . P . E . C) .
II

T i ll i
W ll yr e I/

a ab a II I/

I m b oolp i t t i a I/ If

W a lt r i m II 1 80 0c 0 I/

B C)
,

D a r ra w ella ( O . . E . .
I/

G allam u d e na II If

K a nd a loy a I/ I/

L e b a no n , M idd l e t o n a nd L e a ng o lla .
II I/

P a mb agam a II II

G a lleb od d e I/ I/

W h ll e st a fl l/

F ord y c e II

Bl k w a t er

p
ac I/ II

Ho e (E . P . E . C) .
I/ I/

E lb e d d e I/

R k w ood

D
oo I/ II

un ed i n I/ II

Ab b ot sfor d I/ II

El
G
st o n I/ I/

rea t W e st e r n I/ I/

M e dd e c om b r a (E P C) . E .
II I/

P C)
. .

S oga m a (E . . E . .
II II
 125

WA . . a b ou t lb s .

L a b uke lle (E . P . E . C)
. 11

P e ny lan 1/ II

Y u ille fi e ld
C am p i on I 0 7 .5 0 0 II
W i nd sor F o r es t

M i p i t i a ka nd e
Ad am s
’
P ea k I/ 1 03 0 00 II
D e w alaka nd a
Ch p l
a e t on

T he fo ll o win g fi v e a n d t wen ty estat e s ha d t he h onour

- -

of s ecuring t he high est av erag e pric es for th eir t eas

d uring 1 8 8 8

H oolookand e D e yanella
Ch l y V ll y R a ha t u na god a
Al i k
ar e a e

nw c T a s m a ni a
Bl k ac s t one W a llakelly
L oolec ond er a Alb i on

P or t s w o od G oa t fe ll
Sh e en S og u m a
G lend ov e n Wv ly
a er e

Bg o a w a nt a a w a l A g ra kand e
G le nng i e
Hop e
C r a i g r e L ee
E rr o l
H u r d aga lla G or t hi e
Ch p l a e t on
 JA P A N A ND JA V A T E A S,

A P
J N T A EA S .
— T he pri ncip a l pr o duc e
O f Japan i s

u nfe rm e nt e d n t u ral l eaf t ea of t he O ol ong ch aracter

a
,

chi efly for t he Am e rican m a rk et Th e s e t ea s draw a .

p a le
,
fi n e liq u or w ith p o i nt but lack str e ngth a n d c o l o ur
, ;

small qua ntiti es of black t ea a r e a ls o pr ep a r e d which ,

s om etim es sh ow fi n e q u ality but on acc ou nt of th eir,

p ec u li ar aro ma an d fl av ou r th ey fi n d littl e fa v ou r with

bl en d ers in this c ou ntry ; t he fi ner ki n ds ar usually e

mark e d J ap a n P ek oe a nd t he l ow er ki n ds Jap a n
“ ’
, ,
“

C ongou .

J A VA T E A s —T he aim of t he t ea pla nt e rs of J va
.
-
a

has b een a lm ost excl u sively t o s ecur e a l a rg e Ou t t u r n -

er acr e a n d a b ea u ti fu l l e f : i n b oth th e s e th ey hav e

a
p
succ ee d ed t he pr o duc e p er cr e b ei ng n early d oubl e
,
a

that of t he I n dia n ga rd ens a n d th eir fi ne st t eas b ei ng

,

t he m o st b e a u ti ful t he w orld pr o duc es ; u n fort u n a t ely ,

h ow ever qu ality i n t he cu p has b een al m ost e ntir ely

,

n egl ect e d c ons eq u ently th e ir t eas enj oy an evi l

,
 1 27

r eputati o n with bl e nd ers t he g en eral run b ei n g thin , ,

baky and earthy a nd s o m e of t he l ow est kinds ar e so

,

s our and nasty as t o ruin any bl en d h ow e ver sparingly ,

intr oduc ed .O f lat e y e ars h ow ev er som e estat e , ,

manag ers app ear to h a v e r ealis e d t he wisdom of

aiming at a high er standard of quality ; s eed has b een
i m p ort e d fr om I n dia a nd impr ov e m e nts in cultivati o n
,

and manu fact u r e have b ee n intr o d u c e d with m ost

b en eficial r esults ; but for s o m e y ea rs t o c om e Java , ,

t eas will hav e t o b e v e ry cauti ously handl e d by

bl e nd ers and pr ob a bly t he wis e r and s afer c ours e i s
,

t o let th e m ent i r ely a lon e as t he c o mm o n grad e s a re

'

w ors e t han u s el e ss and as a rul e eve n t he b et t er

, , ,

kinds rapidly g o O ff if k ept “ ”

.

T he class e s of J a va t ea are as fo ll ow s
W L L K
HO E -
EAF IN DS . B K K RO EN IN D S

Fl y P k B k Fl y P k
.

o w er e oe ro en o w er e oe

Pk B k Pk
. .

Pk D
e oe . ro en e oe .

Pk S h g
e oe ou c on . e oe u st .

S h g
ou c on . F ig
a nn n s .

C g B k Tea
D
on ou . ro en

Bh
.

o ea . u st .

T he ch ests u s e d t o b e p a p ere d in a s om ewhat

S imilar man n er t o Chi n es e p a ckag es but on? ma ny ,

e stat e s th ey ar e n ow b ei ng mad e plain r es emblin g ,

I ndian ch ests .
 S mall c onsig n m e nts of t ea fr om t he Straits S ettl e
ments and fr om N orth B or neo have r ec ently b een placed
on t he mark et ; th ey r es embl e a l ow grad e of I ndian
t ea a n d ar e of littl e importa n c e a t pr e s e nt
,
.

T e a is als o b e i n g gr ow n exp erim ent lly i n N at ala

t he first c o nsignm e nt of s om e 5 00 lbs r e aching L o n d on

.

in May 1 8 8 6— i n S ou th Russia I t aly and oth er

, , ,

countri es but at pr es ent th es e ar e m ere exp erim ents

, ,

and h av e no eff ect c omm e rci lly Sh ou ld any of th e m

a .

e v e ntually ta ke a plac e am ongst t he i ngr edi ents from

which t he t ea bl en -
d er has t o mak e his s el ecti on it will
b e ou r duty t o d e al with th e m
,

i n a futur e e dition of

this w ork .

F or t he pr es e n t h ow ev er w e h a v e c ompl et e d t he
, ,

first p orti on of ou r t ask a n d h a v e set forth t he pr o duc e

,

of t he v a ri o us c ou n tri es fr o m which o u r t e a bl en d er -

has t o mak e his s el ecti on a n d h avi ng n ot ed t he

,

charact eristics Of t he l e adi ng v ari e ti es w e sh all now

,

proc eed t o lay d ow n t he g en er l pri ncipl es by which

a

t he c om p ositio n of a succ ess ful bl e nd must b e guid e d .

T E A BLE N DIN G
.
 13 1

TEA B LE N D I N G .

IT has now b ec om e so e ntir ely a matt er of cour se

with t he trad e t o bl en d s everal ki n ds of t ea tog eth e r ,

b efor e off e ring th em t o c onsum ers that it is som ewhat

'

astonishing t o r efl ect how r ec e nt is t he gr owth of this

p ractic e W h en t ea was first i ntr oduc e d t he kinds
.
,

w er e few and it fou n d its way t o t he public in l e af or

,

in in fusi on thr ough t he c offee h ous e s duty b eing l evi e d

-

on t he in fusi on at t he rat e of 8d p er gallon ; and fr o m

.

Gar w ay s tim e till within t he l a st forty o r fi fty y e ars

’

t he bulk of t he imp o rts fou n d its way int o t he

hous ewi fe s t ea p ot u nmix e d or i f mixing wer e d on e

’ -

, , ,

it was d o n e by t he goo d lady h ers el f w ho w o uld have

,

by her som e fi ne Fl ow ery P e k oe or ch oic e Gunp owd er

t o add t o her B o h e a or S ouch on g o n gr e a t o ccasi ons .

It w as not ind eed until Indian t eas cam e fully on

, ,

to t he mark e t that t he pr a ctic e of bl en ding b ecam e

univer sal T h eir gr eat strength w a s a valuabl e quality
.
,
 1 32

w hich would not all ow th em t o b e ignor ed ; whil e on ,

t he o th er hand th e ir harshn ess mad e th e m unacc ep t

,

abl e t o t he public by th e ms elv e s ; y

h enc e th e w er e
mi xed with China t eas at first in small p roportions
, ,

but a s t he production i ncr eased and im proved cultiva

, ,

ti on and m a nu factur e re move d many of t he obj ection

abl e qualiti es p oss ess e d by s om e of t he earli er im p orts ,

t he pr op orti o n of I n dia n t ea us e d b ecam e larger and

larger until t o day m ore than hal f of t he total of t ea

,
-

c o nsum ed in this c ountry is s u ppli ed by I n dia a nd ,

in many districts China t eas hav e virtuall g on e out y

o f consum p ti on .

A s t ea bl e nding b e cam e mor e and mor e g en eral t he

-

p roduc ers esp ecially in I ndia ; gradually ceased to aim

,

a t turning out t e as which sh o uld pos se ss a combination

o f qualiti e s r e nd ering th e m suitabl e for drinking by

th ems elves and b ecam e sp ecialists aiming to s ecur e

,

f or th eir t eas s om e o ne striking and distinctiv e q uality ;

t hus o ne strove t o produc e t ea which sh ould draw li q u or

o f v e ry dark c o l our a noth er t o s ecur e a d elicat ely fi ne

,

a roma and flavour ; a third t o s ecur e int e n se p ung e ncy

, ,

a nd so o n l eaving t he skill e d bl e nd e r at hom e to sel ect

,

a n d c o mbin e t he v ari o us gr owths i n a ma n n e r b est

c alculat e d t o suit t he wat er of hi s di strict and t he

t a st e of his cu stom ers .
 133

T he caus e of t he failur e of many r etail e rs t o w ork

up a succ ess ful and p r ofita bl e t e a trad e li e s b ey on d
,

doubt in t he fact t hat th e ir bl ends are unskil fully

,

c omp ound ed many of th em und ertaking t he c om

,

p ositi on of bl ends with out p oss essing t he r equisit e

knowl e dge of t he pr op erti e s of t he vari ous class es of
t ea or t he lin e s on which th ey sh ould b e combin e d ;
“

and thus th rough t he n egl ect of many even of t he

,

biggest buy ers t o g o into t he matt er sci en tifically

, ,

imm ens e quantiti es of good t eas are annually spoilt ,

an d m en are h e ard com p lai ning that alth o ugh th e y

cut th e ir t eas d esp erat ely cl os e th ey cannot k eep th ei r
t rad e tog eth er .

T he c hi ef O bj ects t o k eep i n vi e w in making up a

bl end are that it shall c om e ou t w ell in t he wat e r i n
which it is to b e in fus e d and that it shall p oss e ss a
,

fl avour which shall pl eas e t he taste of y our custo m ers ,

and at t he sam e tim e b e sufli ci ent ly distinctive t o mak e

t he bl e nd your own sp eciality ,
and he w ho s ecur es
th ese obj ects at t he l east c ost will b e t he most
succ ess ful bl e nd e r .

T he first c o nsid erati o n th en , is t he natur e of t he

,

water su pp ly of your district ; i f i t c ontains lim e an d

-

o th er min e rals in s oluti o n it is t erm e d hard a nd

“ ”
,

s u ch wat er fails t o draw ou t t he charact eristics of fi ne

 13 4

t eas a nd str o ng r ough ki nds h av e t o b e empl oy ed I n

, , .

“
s oft wat er h ow ever all th a t is i n t he t ea c om es
”
, ,

ou t an d
,
t he str on g r ough ki n ds ,
s u it a bl e for hard ,

wat er tast e c oars e a nd r a nk and t he fi ne fl av oury

, ,

kinds are m or e s u itabl e .

T he foll owi ng is a list of s o m e of t he l eading class e s

of t e a m ost suitabl e for t he di ff e r e n t ki n ds of wat er

For Hard Wat er

‘

M oni ng ki n d s O o nfaa (strong , ta rry tea) .

K a i sow ki nd s S a r y u ne ( r i ch, bri sk , strong , blood -

red

li quor ) .

P a d ra e ( str ong , r oug h, hig h burnt) .

A nko i si mi la r
( to P a drae, but not so

desi ra ble, they f ten taste bakey

“
as o

N ew D i st r i c t T e as H oyu ne s (blood -
red colour , i ntense st reng th ,

o f ten ta rry )

I p p
.

nd i an T e as All g g g ki in nd s

p
s t r on un e nt , r as .

lly f l
,

B ro ke ns es ec i a u se u .

For M edium Wat er

M oni n g ki nd s O on fa a ( str ong , t a rry t ea )

p
.

Oo ac k( st r ong , br i sk) .

K a i so w ki nd s S a r yu n e ( r i ch, st r on ,
g blood -
red li quor) .

8 00 M OO (ri ch S ouchong fl a voured)

h g
, ,

P a ny u n g or C in W0 (the fi nest of a ll

r ed leaf t eas)

D
-
.

N ew i s t ri c t T e a s Pk e H y kl C g
oe a n d o ne su c e on o u s .

I nd i a n T e as All g h p g k i d
st r on , ri c ,
un en t n s .

C yle on T ea s N ly l k i d
ea r al n s .
 135

For S oft Wtr

a e

M oni n g ki nd s K i nt u ck Three most desi rable

K ee mu n ki nds .

N i g Ch
n ow F i ne fl avoury teas

k
.

Ka i sow i nd s P y g
a n on or Ch i g Wn 0 ( e
t h fi nest of a ll

red - lea f teas) .

P kl
a i n (i n boxes f resh and fi ne)
,
.

N ew D i st ri ct T eas H one y su c kl C g
e on o u s

I ki d
.

nd i a n T eas All fi fl
D j li g d K g
ne a v ou ry n s.

ar ee n an an ra Va ll y g
e ro w t h s,

v y fl
er u se u

All k i d
.

C yl e on T e as n s .

T hen ext p oi nt t o c o nsid er aft er t he natur e of t he,

wat er of your di strict is t he t aste of t he cust o m ers for

wh om you i nt end t o cat er T he tast e of t he c o nsum er
.

v a ri es v ery consid erably accordi ng t o t he district and

, ,

t o a gr eat ext e nt this tast e must b e foll o w e d by t he

m a n w ho int e n ds t o w o rk u p a big tr a d e C ertai n .

b old spirits h ow ev er finding t he tast e of th eir district

, ,

t o b e in th eir Op i n io n vitiat e d by a n exc essiv e u se

, ,

o f Sc e n t e d Cap e r or oth e r br e ach o f t he laws of g o o d

bl ending have mad e it th eir stud t o e duc a t e a n d

,
y
e l e vat e t he tast e o f th e ir cust o m ers and hav e a chi e v e d ,

succ ess ; this is h ow ev er a n ardu ous and Sl ow pr oc e ss

, , ,

a n d m o st r etail ers of t ea will pr o bably pr efe r t he simpl e r

 136

m et ho d of falling in wit h t he p revailing t ast e of th ei r

cu stom er s at first and introducing im p rov e m e nt s fr o m
,

y
tim e to tim e as th e see th eir O pportunit ; but t he y
d anger i n thi s cours e is that our bl end er may all ow

his teas t o sink into a d ead l ev el with those of hi s

n e ighbour s without di st inc tive charact er or q uality ;
,

and this br i ngs us to t he third and perha p s m ost , ,

im p ort a nt e ss ential of go od bl ending namel t he ,

y ,

n ec essity of your bl e nd b eing su ffi ci ently distinctive

y
to mak e it our own speciality T his can be alw ays
'

,
y
d o n e wh er e n ec essar within t he lin es of t he tast e
,

pr evailing in your di strict ; but wh er e th er e is a freer

scop e by r eason of mor e vari ed tast e as in Lond o n or
'

, ,

oth er larg e c entr es t he bl end er has a much wid er ra ng e

,

fr o m which t o s el ec t hi s s p ecial fl avour and styl e ; a nd

thu s w e find on examining t he t eas of t he l eadi ng

,

London r etail t ea m en hardly any two of th em are

-
,

c om p ose d up on t he sam e lin es t he aim of each b eing

,

to mak e a bl end d i fl eri ng fr om that which his customers

'

would obtain from oth er sourc es knowing that wh en ,

onc e th ey had b ec om e us ed to his t ea p rovid ed it w a s ,

y
r eall good and pl ease d with its distinctiv e fl avour
, ,

th ei r custom woul d b e assur ed to him Thi s is t he .

s ecr et of t he succ ess of m ost of t he well kn own bl end s -

and bl e nd er s and i t i s a p oin t too o ft e n utt erly ignor ed

,
 I 37

by g roc ers but which must b e most car efully att end e d
,

to by th e m i f th ey m ean t o r etain and incr eas e th eir

t ea trad e .

O u r r ea d ers may p e rhaps i magin e a ft e r all this

, , ,

caution and exh ortatio n that t ea bl e nding is an art t oo

,
-

c o mp licat e d to b e mast er e d by a man who has t he

d etails of a larg e and va ri e d busin ess on his hands ,

and that aft er all he may hav e to fa ll back e ith er on

t he old haphazard syst e m or l os e t he b est of hi s

profits and p ut h is trad e i n t he hands of oth ers by

having r ec ourse t o t he syst e m of buying bl e nd ed t ea;
this how ev er is not by any m eans t he ca se Put
, ,
.

practically t he matter will app e ar v ery sim p l e

,
.

First asc ertai n t he natur e of your wat er su p ply -

n ext t he c om p osition of t he bl end s which are m ost

ext e nsiv ely going i nto co nsum p tion i n your district ,

th e n exp erim ent with t he t e as w e hav e indicat ed a s

most suitabl e for your wat er t o improve on t he said
y
bl e nds and finall intr o duc e som e ingr edi ent into y our
,

bl end that Shall di ffe r e ntiate it fr o m thos e of your

n e ighbour T h ere are many ways of doing this ; s o m e
.

p articular mark of Assam or some p articular class

,

of A ssam say an Autum n al or N amuna T ea som e

, ,

particular S c ented or O olong T ea or som e combination

,

o f th es e or oth e r fl av ours mak e a practically e ndl es s

,
 138

s eri es of distinctiv e charact eristics which may b e

impart ed t o your t eas .

T o mak e t he matt e r still m or e simpl e w e Sh all ,

lay b efor e y ou particulars of s ev eral sp ecim e n bl en ds ,

which are n ot inten d e d so much to b e ex actly imitated

a s to indicat e t he li ne s up o n which practical bl ending

m ay b e m ost a dv a ntag eously carri ed on .

T he vari o us i ngr e di ents of y o ur bl en d b eing s el ect ed ,

y our next car e must b e t o g et th e m th or oughly assrm i

late d this is b est eff ect ed i n t he first plac e by t he u se
, ,

o f a g oo d t e a mix e r which will distribut e t he l e av e s of

,

t he v a ri ous t eas i n a fairly e v e n pr o p orti o n thr ough out

t he bulk ; but so fa r t he assimilati o n will b e m er e ly

m echa n ical a nd n ec ess rily t o a gr eat ext ent imp e rfect

,
a
, ,
.

T o r end e r t he a ssimilati o n th or ou gh a n d c ompl et e t he ,

bl e n d must n ow b e put i n air tight ca n ist ers and

-

a ll owe d t o r emai n i n a r oom with a s ev en a t em

er a t u re a s is obt a i n a bl e fo r a t l e a st a w eek ; by this
p
tim e t he i nt ercha ng e a n d c ombi nati on of t he flavour of
t he vari o us i ngr edi e nts will u su a lly b e a cc omplish e d ,

but i n s om e i nst a nc es it will b e fou n d a d va nt g eous t o

a

all ow t he bl e nd t o m at u r e for a l onger p eri od .

T he qu esti o n o f t he app e ar a nc e of y ou r t e a is one

th at sh ould not b e n egl ect e d a s alth ough t he r emark

,

“
that t ea is not s ol d t o l ook at is tr u e e n ough yet it
”
,
 139

is r emarkabl e to what ext ent p eopl e are p rej udic ed for

o r against a t ea by i t s app e aranc e . I
t will th er efor e , ,

b e foun d d e sirabl e in most cas e s and es p ecially wh er e

,

t eas of irr egular a pp earanc e ar e us ed to si ft th em ,

b efor e p utting th e m i nto t he mix er to r emove t he large

,

l e av es which sh oul d b e cut t o gauge in a t ea mill and

, ,

th en p lac ed in t he mi x er with t he r e st of t he bl end in

s om e cas es it may also b e n ec es sary to si ft out t he dust ,

but this is not r ecomm end ed a s it is t he b est li q u ori ng

,

part of t he t ea .

Your bl e nds ar e nOw r eady for sal e and Of cours e , , ,

y
a ft er th ey l e av e our hands y ou t o a gr eat ext ent have
, , ,

no c ontrol ov er th eir fat e and t he r esult of all our

,
y
skill may a ft er all b e w ell nigh s p oilt b car el ess or
-
y
impr op er br ewi n g ; th er efor e it is w ell to print cl ear ly
o n e v e ry t ea wrapp er bri e f hints as to how t ea o ught

to b e mad e in which t he foll owi ng p oints shoul d b e

,

—
insist e d on First and of gr e at est i mportanc e that t he
, ,

wat er should not b e put o n t he t ea until it is bo ili n g ,

a nd that it sh ould b e p ut o n t he t ea t he minut e it b oils

wat er not q uit e b oili n g or wat er that has b ee n boil ed

,

s o m e tim e will sp oil any t ea ; n ext it should n ot b e

,

all ow ed to stand und er a c osy for an ind efinit e p eri od ;

ind eed it is a gr eat a nd far t oo c omm on mistak e in
,

br ewing t ea t o allow it t o sta n d t oo long t he first ,

- !
 1 40

fi ve minutes bring ou t t he q uality t he n ex t five

,

minut e s add to th e b o dy and aft er that t he l onger i t

'

stands t he w ors e it ts T h ese are t he t w o m ost

imp ortant points I t sh oul d how eve r b e known that
.
, ,

th er e is nothing so good as a n old fashi on ed br own

-

e arth e nwar e pot for making t ea

; n ex t to that is a
silv er t ea p ot
-
.
SPE CIME N BLE N DS
.
 1 43

SP E CI M E N B LE N D S .

T H E foll owing sp ecim en bl ends a re of t he sim p l est

p ossibl e character an d are m e r ely int e nd ed as a basis
,

or guid e for thos e c o mm e nci n g t he w o rk of sci entific

t ea bl e ndi ng
-
. A S t he c o mpl exity of t he bl en ds incr e as e ,

t he possibl e v a riati ons b ec o m e so n um er ous that it is

o bviously i mpracticabl e e v e n t o i n dicat e th e m withi n

t he limits of such a work as t he pr es e nt but to a

,

practic a l man k eeping p a c e with t he times fr esh

, ,

d ev el opm ents and n ew c ombinati ons growing ou t of

th es e foundati ons will c onstantly suggest th ems elves .

T he low e st pric e d t eas usually s old by groc e rs t o d ay

- -

rangi ng in pric e fr om I S t o 1 s 4d mu st b e mad e up

. . .
,

according t o t he fluctuati ons Of t he Mincing Lan e

Mark et from tim e t o tim e for t he l ow est v ery d ec ent
,

I ndians may som etimes b e obtain e d at pric es low en ough

y
t o Show a p rofit at oth er tim es car efull sel ecte d J avas
 1 44

must b e su bstitut ed and wh er e admi ssibl e low p r i ce

,

S c ented Cap ers may b e work ed in t o d ecrease t he cost

y
and incr eas e p ungenc A fr action of a p enny in buyi ng
.

low p ric ed t eas will o ft e n mak e all t he d i ffer e n ce

-

b etw ee n a good and a common t ea ; it is fals e econom y

t o inflict nasty rubbish on your cu stom ers t o s av e a

farthing .

P I
S E C ME N E ND N o I BL . .

M edium pric e d t ea Principal i ngr e di ents

- .

F lavo u ry C eyl on .

R ich D ooars .

N O T E S —Ab ov e
. will mak e a strong thick t ea , ,

c om e out well in a ll wat ers .

S cented Orange Pekoe or Oolo ng can b e

wh ere d esir ed .

S P I
EC ME N B E ND L No . 2 .

M edium p ric ed t ea Principal ingr e di ents

-
.

B
risk Punge nt Assam .

R ich Dooars .

N O T E S —T he abov e will p erha p s b e mor e taking tha n

.
, ,

N o I in di strict s wh er e t he wat er i s v ery hard

.
,
.

-
,
y
Ou chai ne Sc e nt ed te a v er us eful for giving ext ra
ra sp and gr i p .
 1 45

SP EC I ME N B L ND
E No .
3 .

G ood m edi um t ea ( 2s . canist er) . Princi p al in gre

d i ent s
Flavoury C eyl on P eko e .

R ich D ooar s P eko e .

N O TE S — W ll s l ct d
e e ecar efully bl end ed
e and ,
t he above
should p roduc e a rich d elici ou s t ea , .

May be fl avour e d with a dash of fin est O olong .

P I
S E C M E N B E ND N O 4 L . .

G ood m edium t ea ( as canist er) Princi p al ingr e . .

d i ent s
Fin e Flavoury Punge nt A ss am Peko e .

R ich Dooar s P e k oe .

N O TE —A grand li q u oring
. t ea for m edium hard wat er ,

fl av o ur with fin est O olong .

S P I EC ME N BL E ND No .
5 .

G ood m edium t ea ( zs . canist er ) . P rinci p al ingr e

d i ent s

Hard L eaf Malty S trong A ss am P eko e (whol e

l ea f or s emi br o k e n )
-
.

N OT E —S uitabl e v ery hard water

for .

S c ented Cap er or O u chai ne Pekoe may be add e d .

 1 46

P I
S E C ME N B E ND N o 6L . .

Fin e t o fin est t ea Principa l i ngredi e nts

.

Fi ne C eyl on Br ok e n Pek oe .

R ich D ooar s Pe k oe .

N OT E.
—Suitabl e for s oft wat er .

Flavour with a v ery littl e of t he fin est O ol ong

P I L
S E C M E N B E ND N o 7 . .

For fi ne t o fin est t ea Pri ncipal ingr edi ents

.

T hick C eyl on Broken Peko e .

F lav ou ry Assam P eko e .

N O T E —Suitabl e for m e dium wat er .

T he charact e r of this bl e n d can b e fr eely vari ed

according t o t he class of Assam Peko e us ed ; i f a

v ery pung ent kind is s el ect ed no Sc ented t ea ,

sh ould b e us ed .

P I L
S E C ME N B E ND N o 8 . .

For fi ne to fi nest t ea Ingr e di ents

.

Ass a m B rok en Pe k oe ( Jorehau t kind ) .

C eyl on P ek oe or Br ok en P eko e (m ountai n

grown t ea) .

N O T E —F or v ery hard wat e r .

O ol o ng or Fin e N a muna P ek oe may b e u sed t o

give ex tra grip .

MMARY 81 CON CLUDIN G

HINT S .
 1 49

SU M M A RY A ND CO N C LUD IN G
HIN TS .

T HE of Bl e ndi ng is one which cann ot b e t oo

T ea
“

a rt -

thoroughly or t oo m eth odically st udi e d by every Tea

D eal er who wish es to mak e a p osition for hi m sel f i n

Hi s trad e .

T he man who has r eally mast er e d it can d efy all

com p etition by car eful tasting he can buy as w ell as

t he larg e hous e s and by making t he charact eristics of
,

t he wat er of his locality his sp ecial study he can p l e a se

,

hi s custom er s far b ett e r than any outsid e r can possibly

d o h ow ev e r ex t en siv e his o p erati o ns may b e and at

, ,

t he sam e tim e secur e a g ood pr ofit for hims e l f .

T he main p rincipl es of this art ar e easily laid

down ; th e ir practical applicati on must b e a matt e r for

t he p ersonal c o nsid e rati on of e ach bl e nd er guid e d by
,

t he p eculiar circumstanc es of each cas e .

 1 50

Itis of t he utm ost imp orta nc e t o s el ect t eas tha t

will mix w ell ; for i nsta nc e t o put a fi ne fl avou ry t ea
,

to a c oars e t ea will d et eri or a t e b oth whil e t o add it ,

t o a full rich liqu ori n g t ea will impr ov e b oth

, .

D esirabl e Indi a n T ea s m y b e used v ery fr eely a

t o giv e str e ngth p o i nt a n d flavour but s our or

, , ,

acrid In dia ns or low Javas , sh ould n ev er und e r any

,

circumstanc es b e u s ed .

Avoid u ns ound t ea s m ost rig or ously ; a t ea with t he

l east trac e of mustin ess or t he l east mousy fl avour will
s p oil any bl e nd .

Sc ente d T eas ar e oft en us e d m ost unwis ely ; for

ordinary purp os es I lb i n 1 2 or ev e n I lb in 1 6 i s
.
,
.
,

quit e su ffi ci e nt t o giv e t he bl e n d a distinctive flav our .

Fi ne O ol ong or F 00 Ch ow P ek o e are t he most d esirabl e

kinds .

O f c ours e this app li es t o o rdinary trad e ; in t he

,

Cap er districts p eopl e will s om etim es dri nk a mixture

of o ne part Cap e r t w o parts pu ng en t br ok e n Assam
, ,

and app ear t o lik e i t .

Wh e n t he mixt u re is mad e u p it sh ould b e all ow ed ,

t o stand in air tight ca n ist ers a t l ea st a w eek b efor e

-

it is s old t he fl a v our of t he c omp o n e nt parts thus

,

a ssimilat es Rem emb er —i f y our t ea l s all ow e d to

.

stand n ear any stro ng sm elli ng a rticl es it will absorb ,

 1 5 1

t h e ir fl avour ; fi ne t eas are oft e n s p oilt by contact with

s oa p ch eese or oth er it e ms of a groc er s sho p
’
.
, ,

We would i n c o nclusion r ep eat—b e sur e y our

, ,

b l e n ds hav e som e distinctiv e flav our ; let th e m always

b e t he sam e styl e and always k ept up to standard

q uality ,
so that p e o p l e will l ea rn t o r e ly on th e m and
c om e for t h em again and agai n it is thu s big bu sin ess es
a r e built u p .
 IN D E ! .

Ad l u t erat i on of t ea
A ft e rnoon t ea fa s i onab
e h l e in 1 763
t e as , fi r st m en t i o n of

gi v b y M rs M g
ont a ue I n 1 7 1 8

x
en .

Am i C l o oni e s —at t e mp t at ta a t i o n , 1 76 7

Am y O l g
er ca n

o o on

A nkoi s

App ear ance of hd s

b le
A my ‘
Of t ea i n
k
r , u se

A mB
ssa r o en Pk e oe u sed in b
'

l end

F afl hi llg s ‘

I
1]

‘
ndi an t e as

h arac t e r of

k
n c

n i} T ea E s t at e , M ar s of

Bl e ndi n g t ea

I; s
c a u e of fai l ure in

1; c ha r a ct e r o f w at e r

c h i f Obj
e e ct s in
Ble d n s to b e d i st i nv
ct i

h o ghl y
e

l
1

to b e t or u a s si m i a t e d

to su i t t a st e of d i st r i ct
p
.

s eci men
 I ND XE .

Bo h ea

Bo l e ro , t ea m e nt i oned b y , 1 5 90

B ost on h a rb our , t ea d est ro ydi e n, 1 77 3 .

B ot enkoe t ea r ecommend ed by
B k x I
,

ro en mi ed t ea , nd i an

g P k C yl
O r an e e oe , e on

P k C yl
I
e oe e on

nd i a n

S ouc h g C yl
I
on e on

S ou c h g
on , nd i an

T ea , C yl
I
e on

B r u ce , Mj a or , d i sco v er s nd i a n T ea
B yi g
u n of t ea in Ch i na

C h ac ar I ndi an t eas

h ar a ct er of

k
c

T e a E st at e s , M s of

pl
ar

C li f
a or ni a , t ea ant ed in
C a mp oi
C a nt o n G T ea
g Pk
re e n

S cent e d O ran e e oe

h l ea f

Cp
s or t

II II
Cp
1! a er

Cp
a er

a er s ,d how s cent e

C lyl
ar A ll de, fDr . .
, a u es t o a t ernoon t eas

C pl d i te a a nt e

C yl B k O g P k
a u c a su s , n

e on ro en ra n e e oe

1/ P ekoe

n u S ouc h g
on

II II t ea

C g on ou
 IND X E .

Ce yl on cra c k e st a t e s

d u st
O ra n g Pk
e e oe

Pk e oe

F a nni n s g
S ou c h g
p pl
on

r i nc i a t ea est at es

7
1 S ou c h gon

4
, t ea

d i sco v ere d

e xp or t s

fi rst c u l iv
t a t i on of

n pl ant s

u se o f

C hi ly u se o f t ea i n

xp
na , ear

e or t from
t ea

C hi ne se t r a d i t i ons resp e ct i n g t ea

C hi ng w os
Ch i g g I
t t a on nd i an T ea
h ara ct er of

k
c

U E st a t e s , M ar s of

C l a sses O f Jv a a t ea

C o ff e e - h ou ses, t e a so d l at

l
c ose d , 1 6 7 5

C l i dg H
o er e, art e ly , p oe m on t ea.

C l di g h i
o nc u n nt s

C f i ll d
o n uc u s a u es t o t ea

C go n ou

CCYIO D
I nd i an

C on g how d i i d ed v
l kl f
ou s ,

b ac ea

P vi l
ro nc e ea f

re d l f ea

C g v
on re e, t ea ment i oned b y , 1 6 94
 IND X E .

C
3

onsump t i on o f t e a , i ncre ase i n

h o mes —t s a t i st i c s

of I nd i a n t ea

1 p er h ea d — s t a t i st i c s
C o wp er s
' “
T as k

D ar eej li n g I nd i a n t e as

h arac t e r of

k
c

E st a t es , M ar s of

De Q ui nce y m ent i on of t ea b y

D eb ra Dh I ,

nd i a n t e as

k
o on

E s t a t es, M ar s of

t eas , c har a ct e r o f

D lv i er i es of t ea — st a t i st i c s

D I
e

us t , nd i a n

D h I
u tc E ast ndi a C om p y
D y
an

ut on t ea

1, a l t e r a t i ons i n

ly m h od s O f c o ll e c t i on

p
e ar et

fi r st im o s i t i on o f .

E ast I nd i a C om p an y ’
s m onopo ly
n I/ w i thdraw n

II II II 5 3 19 5

E m erson , p oe m by
En gl an d , int rod uc t i on of t ea i n t o

n a t i on a ld k f rin o

E st at es , p i inc i p a t e a , l C yl
p
e on

E uro fi i St i nt r od uc t i on t o
‘

xp
e,

E or t of
”

te a from Ch i na
 I ND X E .

F a nni n s , g I nd ia n

j pl
F i i , t ea a nt e d in
Fl y P k
ow e r In d i an
g Pk
e oe ,

F h S
ooc ow c ent ed O ra n e e oe

C a p er

F o r m o sa Oo l g
G
on

c h ow re en T ea

C a rra w a y '

s ad v e r t i se m ent

G k a rr i c t ea dr i n k
G p
a -
er
I
1 c

t e a , consu m t i on d e cre a sm g

G p
reen

un ow d er

H
H a nw a yJ ,
on a s , d eno unc es t ea , 1 7 5 6
H ar d w a t er

H a z are eb a ugh I nd i a n t ea

Ch
.

I/ I/ a r ac t er o f

1, E s t a t es , M k ar s of

H az itt l g
, a re a t t ea -
d i k
r n er

H o ne y kl C g
p
su c e on ou

Ho ll a nd , t ea i m or t e d fr om
H oyu ne S c ent e d C a p er

H oy u ne s
t arr y
II y s on

I/

I cha ng s
Ip
m eria l
Ip
m or t s of t ea— st a t i st i c s
 IND X E .

I nd i a , t ea g row i n g llco a p se in
I nd i a n t e a
com p a n i es form ed
I,

c onsu m p t i o n of

u r/ cu l ivt a t i on

fi rs t d i sco v ere d

ma nu fa c t u re b y h a nd

b y mac i ner h y
I/

N m un a
1/

k i nd
pl
n I/ a

If I/ a nt s

n g s or t i n

B k Pk
M ix d T
ro e n e oe

I/ e ea

II S h g ou c on

C g
D
on ou

u st

F a nni n g
yP k
s

Fl ow e r e oe

M and i P k ar n e oe

Oo l g
g Pk
on

O r an
Pk
e e oe

D
e oe

n u u st

N S ou c h g
on

h g
S ou c on

In l fi l d A d m i l m mend s t ea
I
e e ra co
g , ,

ta ly g i , t ea r ow n n

Jp a an t ea

Jv
p
a a 1/

im or t e d from , 1 6 69

l
c a sse s o f

p
t ea s ,

j e su i t m i ssi ona ri e s b r i n gi nfo r m a t i on t o E uro

k
e

jo h nson , Dr .
, a g reat t ea -
d ri n er

d efe nd s t ea , 1 75 6
 IND X E .

K g a n ra I nd i a n T ea

n n 11 . c h ar a ct er of

u n n E st a t e s, M arks of ‘

K ee mu ns
Ki nt u cks
K i uki angs
K okew O o l g
I
on

K um aon nd i an T e as .

h r
a a c t e r of

k
n r, 3, c

u E stat es, M ar s of

K ut oan

ll g
L ab e i n d i scre anci e s i n
, p
y
Lac d e nou nce s t ea
La p seng S ou c h ng
o s

Li cence s (T e a) requ i red

ab o li hs ed

LO Y u w r i t es t rea t i se on t ea i n 78 0

M
M S cent ed O ra n g Pk
p
ac ao e e oe

M a d r a s , t ea im or t e d fro m , 1 68 4
M a k in g of t ea

Ch i nese a u t h iy t

Pk I
or on

M a nd a r i n e oe ndi a n

M an u fa c t u re of Bl kT in Ch i
G
ac ea na

I
ree n

nd i a n T ea b y h a nd

n n n b y m ac i ner h y
M k ar s of A m ssa E s t a t es

C h ac ar

Ch i g g E st a t e s

D j li g
t ta on

1 } ar e e n I/
v iii IND XE .

Ma k r s of D h Dh
e ra oon E st at es

1, H a z a reeb aug h 1]

K g
an ra

Km u aon

N ilgh
e er r
y
S ylh et

T era i
W e st e r n D ooar s E st at e s
M di m
e u w a t er

M i gS h g
on n ou c on

M g M gi v e s aft ernoon t ea s i n 1 71 8

G
ont a ue , rs. ,

M oyune reen T e as

N m I di T ea
N ki G
a una n an

an n ree n T ea
N l T ea
at a

pl n ant ed in
N vy f t ea i n

I
a , u se o

N ei lg herry nd i a n T ea

11 1/ ch afa ct er of

E st a t e s , M k s of

D
ar

N ew i st r i c t C g on ou

N i g Ch
n ow

O
O lear i u s t e a m ent i Oned b y,
’

, 1 63 3

Oo l g Am y
on , o

F m
I
or osa

ndi a n

K okew
O onfaa
Oo p k
k
ac

O ra n g Pe C yl
p
e oe , e on

O u cha i ne G u n ow d e r

S cent ed O ra n g Pk
e e oe
P a dra e
P a dra es
P akli ns
P a klu m s
P a ny ong s
P C g on ou s

k
e cco

P eg Wofli ng t on ma es Garr i ck s t ea
’

Pk e oe

C a n t on , S c ent ed O ran g e

1
, C yl e on

O ra n g
D
e

u st , C yl
I
e on

ndi a n

F i g C yl
a nn n s, e on

F Ch S ow c en t ed O ra n g
I
00 , e

nd i a n

O r an g e

M a c ao , S cent e d O r a n g e

S ou c h g C yl
on , e on

C g
I
u on ous

nd i a n

Pk h d o w s c e nt e

P py m i f b
e oes ,

1 6 6 0 a nd 1 6 6 7
'
e s, ent on o t ea y,
P iv l m i i C yl ent o ns t ea

P i ki g f i Ch i
e rc a n e on

n s o t ea

Pi g S y G
c n na

t ea s

Pl I d i
n ue r ee n

a nt s , n an t ea

P m by Em
oe e rso n

T H l y C l idg ar t e

Pp m i f b
on ea , o er e

o e, e nt on o t ea y
P o uc hong
P p i
re ara t o n o f ly m h d
t ea e ar et o s Of

Pi fS d C mm C g
,

r ce o ou n o on on ou

Pi f
r ces o t ea 3 , 8 , 3 5 , 3 7, 3 8 ,

P i ip l
r nc a t ea e s t a t es , C yl
e on
 IND X E .

R
R ugg e
'
s
“
D i urna l , t ea ment i oned i n
R u ss i a n A mb a ssad o r d lin
ec es p re s ent o f t ea , 1 639

Sa l es , p ub li c, Of t ea

S aryunes
Scent ed C a p er , Ca nt on

n n F Ch
00 ow

u u H oy une
O ran g Pk C
e e oe , ant o n

u u S h or t l ea f

n F oo Ch ow

Bdacao
O ucha i ne
S ed ly
m e nt i on of t ea b y,
e , 1 668

S ha nt a m s
S h or t , Dr .
, w ri t es of t ea

Si c i ly , t ea p l a nt e d in
g
S i i sm ond , D r .
, t ea ment i oned b y
S i nc hune
Soft w a t er
l
S o i m an, t ea ment i oned b y , c i r ca 8 80
8 00 M
i g I di
oss

S or t n n an t ea

S ou c h g on

C yl
I
e on

II ndi a n

S ou nd C omm on C g on ou , p r i ce o f
S ou t hR u ssi a , t ea g row n in
S p eci me n b l end s

Sp ec t ator ,
"
t ea ment i oned i n
 IND X E .

S t a t i st i c s , consu m p t i on pe r h ead

h om e c onsu mp t i o n
t ea d e i lv e r i es

im p ort s

S t rai t s Se tt lm
e ent s t ea

S ueykut
S um m ar y
S ur at , t ea i m p ort e d from , ' 1 6 8 5
S ylh et I nd i a n t ea s

h a r a ct er o f

k
c

r/ u T ea E st at e s , M ar s of

T ea adu l t era t i on

ll u si ons to, by C onfuc i u s

k
a

bl ac , ma nu fact u re , i n Ch i na

bl end i n g
c au se of fa i l in
Ch
ure

n arac t e r of w a t er

1; h i f bj c e o ec t s

11 p i mi i v r t e

b y i g i Ch i
u n n na

C yl
v y f
e on

di
xp
I, sc o er o

n e or t s of

n fi rst cu l iv
t a t i o n of

l/ p l ant s

Ch i na 0 o

Ch i ne se t ra d i t i o ns

c o mmend e d by A d m i l I l fi ld
d W l l y
ra ng e e

II L or

p f G
o se e

c ons u m t i on o d i g
r ee n e c rea s n

11 per h d ea

11 1/ st a t i st i cs o f
 IND X E .

T ea d efend ed b y D r Jh o nson, 1 7 5 6

lv
.

d e i er i e s
d enou nced
by Jh L y
o n ac

by Jh W ly
J H y
n n o n es e

by a nw a 1 75 6

y
onas ,

d est ro ed in B H b
ost on ar our , 1 7 73

Dr S h or t w r i t es of

P gy i
.

Dr . Wald sm e ck s ’
a ne r c on

dut y
a l t e r a t i ons i n

ly m h od s of c o ll e ct i on

p
e ar et

fi rst im osi t i on

im p ose d in Am er i c an Clo oni e s , 1 6

7 7
Ch i na i n 783
ly in Ch i
pp
ear u se na

m et h od s of a ra t i on

I p p ly
re

E a st nd i a C om an y ’
s m ono o of

V II II I/ h
w i t d raw n

l
p
I/ 1/ sa e s

C yl r i nc i p a l
xp
es t a t e s , e on,

e or t s from Ch i na
h
fa s i onab l e

fi rst a d v e r t i se d , 1 6 5 8

fi rst i nt rod u ced i n t o E ur o p e

g ard e ns

g m anu fac t u re , i n Ch i na

I
re e n ,

g r ow n i n ta ly
S ou t hR u ssi a

h o m e c onsu m p t i on , s t a t i st i c s o f

im p or t e d from H o ll a nd

n u 1, Jv a a , 1 6 69

I,
Md a r as , 1 6 8 4
S ura t , 1 685
n

im p I/ n

or t s , s t a t i s t i c s o f

u in A my r a nd N vy a
 IDX
N E .

T ea i n C yl m e nt i one d b y P er c i vl
p
e on a

i nc re a se i n consu m t i on
I nd i a n

com p a ni e s for m ed
1,

c o ns u m p t i on Of

1, cu l iv
t at i on

fi rs t di sco v ere d

m anufa c t u re b y a nd h
b y mac i ner h y
pl
I/

a nt s

sor t i n g
i nt ro d u c t i on i nt o E n gl a nd

Jp a an

Jv a a

l
c a ss e s o f

l ea di n g ki nd s in 1 73 0

U u U 1 8 27

li c enc e s re qu i r e d

r/ ab o li h
s ed

ma i n k g
Ch i nese a u t h iyor t on

m e et i n g s

m e n t i one d b y Bl o er o , 1 5 9 0

C g v 4
on re e, 1 6 9

D igi m
r . d S s on

E d d Y g
w ar ou n

O le a r i u s , 1 63 3

P py ’
s , 1 6 6 0 a nd 1 66 7

Pp 7
e

o e, 1 1 1

ly
Sed e ,
1668

S li m
o a n , c i r ca 880
W ll
l i h Opi
a er

En um E a t er
'

( D y
Q ui nce )
g
s e

I 21

R ugge
’
s
“
Di urna l ,
1 659

”
S p ec t a t or
 IND X E .

T ea ment i oned b y T he T a s k (C o w p er) , 1 78 5

r/ n
“
T re at i se on W ar m Be e r,
"
16 4
1

N l ata

ob t ai ne d b y b a r ter for g
k
sa e

i i g i Ch i
pl
p c n n na

a nt , o r i gi l h bi t at

pl
na a

a nt e d i F ij i
n

11 C l if i a or n a

C a uca su s

u N l at a

1/ S i i ly c

p resent f d li d by R
o , ec ne u ssi an Amb assa d or , 1 6 3 9

p rep are d v g bl
as a e et a e

p n ces of 3 5 37,
,

p ub i c l
sa l es of

r ec o mmended b y B o t enkoe
so ld a t c o ffee - h ou ses

S t ra i t s Set t lm
e ent s

t a st er , an ea r ly
I/ t he na t i ona ldi r n k of En gl a nd

t r ea t i se on, w ri t t en b y Lo Y u i n 7 8 0

u se a t C o u rt

u se d b y E m p eror Ve n T y i n 5 8 4
U sb e ck T ar t ars, 1633

T ea s s u i t ab e l for h ard w at e r

1, m edi um w a ter
SOft

p
11 u I/

Tem mo vm e nt

I
era nc e e

T er a i nd i a n t e a s

u I/ h c ar a c t er of

E st at es , M k ar s of

T e t song
T e T s on g ,
E m p er or of Ch i na , i mposes t ea d ut y in 783

T r e a t i se t ea w ri t t en b y LO Y u i n 7 8 0

y
on

T w an k a
 IND E! .

Un sound t ea t o b e a v oi d e d

V
Ven T y E mpe , ror of Ch i na , u se s t ea i n 5 84

W
Waldsmeck Dr P gy i
ane r c on t ea
W ll
.
, ,

t ea ment i oned b y
Wl
a er,

l H orace wri t es on d ew t ea d u t y
W
a po e , , r
p po o se n

a t er , h ar d

I/ me d i u m

W h ow s

W
e nc

lyJh d enounce s t ea
W I
es e , o n,

e s t er n D ooars nd i an T ea

II II Ch r a ac t er of
1/

k
1;

T e a E st at es, M s of

Wl lyL
n n ar

o se e , ord , comme nd s t ea

Y g Ed
o un w ard , ment i ons t ea

Y g Hy
,

oun son
 A D VE RI T SE ME NTS .

The n stemo
“
iten
t Su f Tradin
g .

Messrs . LE l 81 o,
.

lmpnrterz
files B Wholesale healers ,

5 2 6: 5 3 . C RUT C HED FRIA RS ,

L O N D O N , E . C .
,

U PPLY T EAS at fi rst ha n d pric es with out

S any i nt ermediat e profits or exp ens es thus placi ng
d i r ec t -

t he Pr ovincial D e al e r who is in a p ositio n t o purchas e

,

in wh ol esal e q uantiti es on a l ev el with t he London

,

Hous es .

T he advantag e o f this syst e m m ust b e evid e nt at o nc e

t o ev ery shr e wd busin ess man an impartial c omparis on
of th e ir offe rs will giv e som e id e a of t he e xt ent of t he

b en efit Sampl es o n a p plication

. .

T he appr eciati o n of M essrs L E W S C0 s syst em of

. I .
’

busin ess by t he Trad e is sh ow n by t he p ositi on t o which

th eir hou se has attai ned thr ough t he th or ough and
constant co op erati on with th em of t he b est buy ers
-

thr ough out t he c omm ercial w orld .

I n t he l ong s e ri es of y ears duri ng which th eir d i r c t e

system has b een b efor e t he Tr a d e th ey h av e gath ere d ,

ar ound th e m a circl e of cli ents c onsisti ng of t he l eading

,

ind ep en d e nt T ea D eal ers which for ext ent a nd i nflu enc e

,

is unriva ll ed .
 AD RI N
VE T SE ME T S .

7
'

Tea I mpor ters ,

Tea E xpor ters ,

Wholesa le D ea lers i n Tea ,

Tea B lender s ,
Tea P a ckers .

O FF IC S S
E 81 A LE RO O M
- S ‘

5 2 81 5 3 , C rut c h ed Fri ars , Londo n E C

, .

D EPA RTME N TS
IMPO RT

E! PO RT
MA R K E T
B LE N D I N G

PA C K IN G
 A D VE RI
T SE M E NTS .

Im ort e art ment

LE WI S 8 Co . areSh i pp ers
di rec t
fro m all the Tea p roduci ng co unt ri es ,

and off er t h ei r co nsi gnment s di rec t t o

the T rad e at fi rst h and p ric es savi ng

-
,

all i nt ermedi at e p rofi t s exp enses and ,

co mmi ssio ns .

Ex ort De art ment

L E WIS 81 C oh i p T eas t o all p arts
. s

of the gl obe Ori gi nal s Bl end s and

—
,

Pac ket s at the c l o sest margi ns

— .

LEW IS CO .
,

5: a 53 , C RUT CHE D F R I AR S ,
LO N DO N , E C . .
 Market e artment

L E WI S 81 Co . ll T eas
buy or se

on the Lo nd on Market i n Publ ic S al e,

or oth erwi se on c l o sest c ommi ssio n

,

t erms .

h ey wi ll be pl eased t o give W h ol e
T

sal e Buy ers t erms and p art ic ul ars on ,

app l ic at io n .

M A R K E T R E P OR TS S UP P LI E D .

LEW IS Co .
,

5 2 a 53 , C RUT CHED I
FR A R S ,
LO N DO N , E C .
 A D VE RI
T SE ME N TS .

Blendin De art ment

LE W I S 8cS T ANDA RD and

Co
’

. s

S PE C I A L BL E NDS are sci ent ific ally

p rep ared under the direc t p ersonal
sup ervi sio n of the auth or of

“
T EA TEA BLE N DI N G ,
‘

A ND

i n LE WI S CO S p acious W are
.
’
S

h ouses fi tt ed
,
Wi th the mo st mod ern

mac h i nery .

C OM P A R I S ON OF VA L UE I N VI TE D .

LE W IS Co .
,

5 2 a 53 , C RU TCHE D F R I AR S ,
L ON DON ,
E C . .
 AD RI
VE T SEME NTS .

In d ep art ment LE WI S
th i s Co .

h ave rec ently ac qui red the c el ebrat ed

VEN O Y A the mo st d eservedl y
“ ”
,

p o p ul ar h i gh cl ass p ac ket Tea in the

-

t rad e and are o p en t o appomt Agent s

,

in the few di st ric t s not al ready

occ up i ed Part ic ul ars on app l ic at io n
. .

LE WI S 8 C o are al so . p ro p ri et o rs
of the fo ll o wi ng brand s
RAINBOW MORNINGGLORY
” “
, ,

GENTLEWOM
"
GOLDEN BUTTERFLY
”
AN , ,

and p ac kers of the fo ll o wi ng wo r ld

famed C E YL ON TEA S '

GALLEBODDE , KURULAGALLA ,

DOTELOYA ,
&c .
, &c .
, &c .

LE W IS Co .
,

5 2 53 , CRU CHE T D FR I AR S ,
LON D ON ,
E C
. .
 A DVE RI T SE M E NT S .

E s t a b li s h e d 1 8 6 1 .

THE ORIGINA L TRA DE PA PER .

A I H V R A HI A URY
E ST BL S ED O E T RD OF CEN T .

THE G RO CE R
”
c o nt a n s i E v e ry S a t u r d a y

The Best and Latest Rep orts and Telegrams o f Fri day
’
s

Markets , both at Home and A b road .

Full and A ccurate A ccounts o f all Meeti ngs afiecti ng the

Trade

Speci al La w and Bankrirp tcy Reports .

Every i tem f
o i nformati on an
“
up -
to date
-
Grocer
should know .

u cu
S b s c ri p t i o n , i n l d i n g an i n v al u ab l e T r a d e D i
asy ,

2 0 1 p er Y e ar , P OST F RE E .

P U B L I S H I N G O F F I CE 8

East cheap Buildings, East cheap, LONDON, E O . .

 A DV E RI
T SE M E N T S

B IRM IN G HA M .

Printers 8 Lithographers .

MA N FA C U TU RERS OF

IIIINAMENTAI . METALLIC TABLETS

D ECO R
A T ED

PLA IN T IN BO ! ES ,
F or P a c ki n g T ea, T ob a c c o, C i ga r e t t e s,

M u s t a r d C o n fe c t i o n e r y , B i s c u i t s , & c
,
.

SAM ES AND ESTIM

PL ATES ON APPLICATION .
 AD RI
VE T SE ME N TS .

(L I MI T E D )

M A C H I N E R Y .

s
US
“

2
i
s
<5 n
0 e .

(I) t
n
m
U o
i
L t
o p
i

(5 y r
(D r c
s
G n e e

TEA B L E N DE R . d
GS h
i TEA B L E N DE R.

<1) c y
E a r

Mv
e
0
8 e
m
,

s f
g o
u
c
o i
n
t
O t
a. i

(D F

CI C OFFE E MI LL A

RY RO A S ERS FR UI
.

TEA PA KER

R
.

C O FFEE 84 C H C O
P RI C ES A ND PA RT I
T
CL ,

U A RS
T
FREE.
C LEA N E S , & c .

N a r r ow W i n e S t r e e t , B R I S T O L ,

A n d N o 10 R
. O O D L A N E ,
E A S T C H E A P , E C . .
 AD VERT I E“ ENT S S .

Te leg ra p hi c A d d ress — PLUMBUM

“
,
LO N DO N . Te l e p hone N o 2202 . .

R R R R
E

IMPO TANT TO WHOLESALE G OCE S AND TEA DEALE S .

CENTENNML | NTERNATIONAL E! HI BI TI O
MELBOUR E 1383 N N .

G O LD A N D
I
NTERNATIONAL E! HI BI TI O N ,
G O LD A N D

M E DA L S I N N N N HN
TER ATI O AL
LO DO
EALTH
1884
E! HI BI TI O
.
N , M E D A LS
.

1
Te a Pac ka g e a nd Tea Lea d
M A N U F A C T U R E R S ,

9 , Gra cechur ch St r eet , LONDON, E C

H HH IL H
. .

w orks !
L IV
N o r m a n d y W h a r f, R O T
L e a d S m e lt i n g W o r k s , S T
E RPO O L
E R

O FF CE
E
I —9 O ra
.

n g e Str e et
T
E N S,
E , S E
L
.

A .

N CS .

AI T D I d
.
,

v
UIRK , B R O N 6: Co ha e p l e as u r e i n ra w i ng a t t e nt i on t o t he i r
B ES T N CO RRO B LE CO E
.

LE D FO IL O R T EA LE , AT D A P A D
a nd u p w a r d
u se d f or r e - p a c ki ng T ea i n l o z , z o z , 1 l h , A l b
s.
a nd l l b ac ket s . . . . .

A verag e S i z e .
Sub st ance or Wei ght
p er supe rfi ci a foot l .
Sheet s p e r cwt of
si z es gi ven .
.

For 1 lb
DD si z e , 1 0
"
. by 7 2 02 5 . ab ou t 1 8 40
it to 22
5 1474
it to 3 1 23 0
F or A lb si z e
DD by
" "
.
, 12 9 3 8 00
i tto 35 6 83
it to 4
F or
DD
1 1b si z e ,
i tt o
. 15 by 11 3
3 5;
5 20
445

The Lead
itto D
i t to

ca n. however be suppli ed to
4
41}
a ny other r equi red si z e
3 90
34 8
, .

l
T he se
d d g
a r e sub sta nt i a
T E A
ll d l d g dd d
P A C K A
y m a e o f es i c ca t e i no oro u s w oo , a nd i ne w i t h
G E S .

dl l d ld
t ea
1 i h , 6 1b s
.
ea

q u ant i t i es
.

.
, xo lb s , I z lb s , 2 0 l b s
. . A ny s i z e t o or er
. d
A ny e si ns or m a r ks i t ho r ap he i n one o r m or e c o ou r s T o ho
S p ec i a lo w qu o t a t i on s for . l
.

dP d lP d gg g
.

T E A L E A D P A C K A G E S
Ma e up re a y for u se i n i lb , 5 ih . 1 lb . s i z es . A l so Mo u l for p a cki n sam e
s .

a t e nt B a rr e a c ka g e s . T i n - fo i l fro m 6d p er l b , a c c or d i n g t o a u e

ll l
. . .

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