DELEGATE HANDBOOK

HASTMUN 2023
“Mitigating Injustice for a Fairer Future”
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Table of Contents

Section Page #
Opening Message 2
The Role of a Delegate 3
HASTMUN Official Information Sources 4
HASTMUN Under-Secretaries Contacts 5
HASTMUN Official Schedule 6
Rules of Procedure 7
Flow of Debate 8
Types of Debate 10
Points and Motions 11
Writing Resolutions 13
Appendix: Sample position paper and opening speeches 18
Final goodbyes 20
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Opening Message

Dear Delegates,

It is my utmost pleasure to welcome you all to the 3rd annual Model United Nations conference
fully organised by Haileybury Astana School pupils.

The role of the conference is to give you an opportunity to examine the issues that plague today’s
world and, together with your committee, devise the most suitable plan of action. This handbook
will help you in this process, providing you with the essential information regarding the
conference. For any more information, please contact the Under-Secretaries of your committee,
referenced in this handbook.

Take action within your committee and, setting goals for each session, make yourself proud.
Don’t be afraid of trying and sometimes – making mistakes. This is a safe environment for
students in which all of us are learning.

So, let’s strive to mitigate the injustices of today to create a fairer future for all tomorrow.

Sincerely,
Korkem-Ay Alim
Secretary-General of HASTMUN 2023
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The Role of a Delegate

During the conference, you will take on the role of a diplomat and make speeches, engage with
other delegates, write resolutions and vote on various matters. Your committee will attempt to
draft and pass a resolution to address the agenda, through consensus and mutual agreement. In
order to be able to meaningfully participate in the committee discussions, you will need to have a
thorough and deep understanding not only of your agenda and committee, but also of the country
you represent and its policies. To aid your preparation, we have provided you with a study guide
for your committee which is a comprehensive research document about the agenda. Use this to
help you prepare for the conference.

Please be aware of the following:

1. You are expected to attend all HASTMUN sessions (schedule on the next page).
2. Business dress is required for all delegates.
3. Position Papers are required to be submitted to your committee Under-Secretary generals
(emails on next page) before the start of the conference.

Each of your committees is overseen by a member of the HASTMUN Executive Committee. If

you have any questions about your committee allocation, please contact your committee leads.
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HASTMUN Official2023 Information Sources:

HASTMUN 2023 Website: https://sites.google.com/view/hastmun/home

INSTAGRAM: haileyburyastana_mun

MUN Director: r.breckon@haileyburyastana.kz

General Secretary: kmukhamejanova@haileyburyastana.kz

HASTMUN 2023 Undersecretary General Contacts

Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

Laura Darkhan
ldarkhan@haileyburyastana.kz

Alsu Rashid
arashid@haileyburyastana.kz

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

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Begim-Ana Kalymbet
bkalymbet@haileyburyastana.kz

Anna Van Diesen

anvandiesen@haileyburyastana.kz

Altynay Maratova
amaratova@haileyburyastana.kz

Tomiris Karbayeva (Chair)

tkarbayeva@haileyburyastana.kz

United Nations Security Council (UNSC)

Ayaleem Tukentegi
ategi@haileyburyastana.kz

Zsofia Gyenge
zgyenge@haileyburyastana.kz

HASTMUN 2023 Official Schedule

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Saturday, 11th March

8:00 - 8:30: Registration
8:30 - 9:15: Opening Ceremony
9:15- 12:00: Session One (2 hrs 45 mins) (Debate)
12:00 - 12:45: Lunch
12:45 - 15:00: Session Two (2 hrs 15 mins) (Working papers)
15:15 - 15:30: Break
15:30 - 18:30: Session Three (3 hours) (Draft resolutions finished for presenting)
(By the end of the day: Draft Resolutions must be done)

Sunday, 12th March (Day to debate the resolutions. )

8:00 - 8:15: Delegates Expected to be in Committee Rooms
8:30 - 10:30 : Session Four (2 hrs) (Present resolutions)
10.30-10.45: Break
10.45-12.30: Session Five (1 hr 45 mins) (Pass resolutions)
12:45 - 1:45: Closing Ceremony

Rules of Procedure
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Communication in Committees:

The official language for HASTMUN is English. No other language is recognised within the
committee. Delegates may only use formal, parliamentary language during committee
proceedings and must address everyone respectfully and diplomatically. This means that as a
delegate, you will address yourselves and others in third person speech. Personal pronouns (e.g. I
believe) are not allowed. Instead say ‘The delegate of Kazakhstan strongly believes that…).

Excessive usage of prohibited language or disregard to the parliamentary procedure will

ultimately result in removal from the conference.

The Flow of Debate

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1. Roll Call: Each committee session begins with a roll-call, which is like taking the register
(attendance), to establish the number of delegates that are present and participating. A roll call
will be taken at the beginning of each session. Attendance anomalies will be reported to your
school MUN director so make sure that you are present and on time for each of your conference
sessions.

2. Setting the Agenda: In case the committee has multiple topic areas or agendas, the delegates
must decide which agenda is to be debated first. This is called setting the agenda. As a delegate
you can indicate in your opening speech which topic area or agenda item is most important to
your country.

3. Debate: Once the agenda is set, the committee moves into the debate process, which includes
formal and informal debate. The committee moves back and forth through debate until there is
enough consensus (agreement) in the committee for the drafting of a resolution document. There
will be a range of formal sessions, moderated caucuses and informal caucuses. The difference
between these debate formats is explained on the next page.

4. Resolution: Once the resolution process is underway, the debate on the agenda is closed.
Delegates spend the remainder of their time trying to build more support for the resolution and
writing out the entire document.

5. Amendments and Voting: Finally, the resolution is made open to amendments or edits, after
which it is voted upon by the entire committee. In case there are enough positive votes, the
resolution passes and the conference ends. In case the resolution fails, the committee may
attempt to draft another resolution, or it may choose to end the session without having passed a
resolution.
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Types of Debate

Formal debate:
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Formal debate takes the form of long, formal speeches and allows a delegate to address the
committee as a whole, taking a broad perspective of the agenda. Formal debate includes
something known as the speakers list. The Speakers List is a physical list of the order of
speakers. At the beginning of the session, the chairs will commence with the speakers list,
asking delegates to add their names to the list. After this is done, the delegates will make
speakers list speeches in that order.

In a formal debate, any time left over from a delegate’s speech will need to be yielded. If there is
time remaining at the end of your speech, the chair will ask you “How do you yield your time?”
You can respond with any of the following yields below: E.g. “The delegate of Kazakhstan
yields their time to the chair.”

Yield to the Chair: In a yield to the chair, the delegates chooses to pass up any remaining time,
and simply returns to their seat at the end of the speech.

Yield to Questions or Points of Information: In a yield to questions (which are called points of
information), a delegate may respond to questions from other delegates at the end of their speech

Yield to another Delegate: In a yield to another delegate, the speaker gives up their remaining
time to another delegate of his or her choosing. However, the delegate receiving the yield may
not further yield time.

Moderated Caucus:
You will make short, focused speeches in a back-and-forth manner, on a predetermined sub-
agenda (topic), for a specified duration of time. It is a less formal mode of debate which allows
delegates to respond to or elaborate on comments made by the previous speakers. The
moderated caucus allows delegates to discuss each of these sub-topics individually and
comprehensively to develop consensus around possible solutions and actionable steps.
Remember that a moderated caucus must have a predetermined topic, total duration, and
individual speakers time to be considered a valid caucus.
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Unmoderated Caucus:
An unmoderated caucus, is an unmoderated discussion, where there is no formal structure. In an
unmoderated caucus, delegates are free to move around the committee (in virtual conferences
this will occur in breakout rooms) for a pre-specified period of time, during which they may
choose to engage other delegates one-on-one, or in a group, to build consensus and draft any
paperwork, including resolutions. Sometimes, unmoderated caucuses are also used to provide the
committee an opportunity to consolidate its ideas and choose how to proceed for the rest of the
session in case the chairs feel that the debate has stagnated. An unmoderated caucus does not
feature any speeches or speakers and is one of the only times during which delegates may speak
freely. An unmoderated caucus only has a pre-specified total time period and does not have a
topic or an individual speaking time.

Points and Motions

In your committee, you will hear the chair call out the phrase “Are there any points or motions
on the floor?” Points and motions are a way of managing committee proceedings and debate.
and allow for delegates to direct the flow of debate, communicate with the chairs, and express
any discomfort or problems they may be facing.

Motions:
Motions move the committee from one part of the flow of debate to another. They are a way to
get the committee engaged in a particular type of debate or session. All motions must be voted
upon by the entire committee, and only if there is a majority of delegates in favour of the motion
is it passed and executed. Otherwise, the motion is deemed to have failed and new motions are
considered. All motions are voted on in the order of the most to the least disruptive when more
than one motion has been proposed at any given time.

MOTION REASON FOR INFORMATION EXAMPLE

MOTION NEEDED
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Roll Call To conduct the Roll Call None “The Delegate of Kazakhstan moves to
begin roll call for this session”

Open Session To open Debate after a None “The Delegate of Sweden moves to open
break or adjournment the session”

Moderated To introduce a The topic, the total “The Delegate of Kazakhstan moves to
Caucus moderated caucus caucus time, the total begin a moderated caucus for a period of
individual speaking 15 minutes, with an individual speaking
time time of 30 seconds, on the topic of
‘Women in the Workplace’”

Unmoderated To introduce an The total unmoderated “The Delegate of Kazakhstan moves to

Caucus unmoderated caucus caucus time begin an unmoderated caucus for a total
time of 15 minutes.”

Introduce draft To begin debate on a The resolution to be “The Delegate of Kazakhstan moves to
resolution particular resolution debated introduce resolution X”

Adjournment To adjourn the session The duration of The Delegate of Kazakhstan moves to
for meal breaks or at the adjournment and the adjourn session for a period of one hour
end of day purpose for the purpose of lunch

Points:
Points are different from motions. They allow delegates to ask questions, express personal
discomfort, and communicate with the chairs. Points are not voted upon and are usually given
precedence over motions.

POINT DESCRIPTION

Personal Privilege Personal discomfort and/or audibility issues Point of Persona

Kazakhstan

Parliamentary Inquiry Seeking a clarification on the Parliamentary Point of Parliam

procedure delega

Point of order Pointing out errors in the order of proceedings Point of Order:
co

Point of information Questions to other delegates about their Point of Informat

speaker’s list speeches an example of th

Resolutions
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A Resolution is the main outcome document of the United Nations (and of Model United
Nations). It is essentially a document that lists various solutions and undertakings towards
solving or addressing a particular issue or problem, and usually includes information about
measures that member countries can/ must take in that regard. The Resolution guides the work
of the UN, its agencies, and member countries, and as such, has extreme importance. It must be
carefully considered and drafted, ensuring that it is comprehensive, and effective. Any resolution
must be agreeable enough for it to be passed in the committee, which requires a simple majority
of 50% + 1 .

The Resolution has a particular format and is divided into two sections: the preamble and the
operative. Each section comprises of various paragraphs of ‘clauses’. The preamble is the first
part of a resolution, which provides context and helps in interpreting the rest of the document.
The operative is the second part of the resolution, which comprises of actionable ideas,
directives, and undertakings towards solving the problem/issue at hand. All clauses in the
resolution must begin with a pre-approved ‘clause word’, which it italicized. Clauses in the
preamble are not numbered, and end with a comma, while operative clauses are numbered, and
end with a semicolon. The last clause of the resolution ends with a period.

On the next page is a list of different preambulatory and operative clauses that you can use to
help you when you are drafting your resolution.
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Preambulatory clauses:
Preamble clauses give the background and historical context to the resolution and state the
reasons why the committee is acting on a given topic. It should highlight relevant legal
precedents, former relevant United Nations resolutions and past international actions on the
issue.

Acknowledging Noting with approval Noting with deep concern

Acting Expressing concern also Noting with regret
Affirming Expressing concern Noting with satisfaction
Alarmed by Expressing its appreciation Observing
Alarmed Expressing its satisfaction Reaffirming
Anxious Expressing satisfaction Reaffirming also
Appreciating Firmly convinced Realizing
Approving Fulfilling Recalling
Aware of Fully alarmed Recalling also
Bearing in mind Fully aware Recognizing
Believing Fully believing Recognizing also
Cognizant Further deploring Recognizing with satisfaction
Concerned Further recalling Referring
Confident Guided by Regretting
Conscious Having adopted Reiterating
Considering Having considered Reiterating its call for
Contemplating Having considered further Reminding
Convinced Having devoted attention Seeking
Declaring Having examined Seized
Deeply concerned Having heard Stressing
Deeply conscious Having received Taking into account
Deeply convinced Having reviewed Taking into consideration
Deeply disturbed Having studied Taking note
Deeply regretting Having adopted Taking note also
Deploring Having approved Taking note further
Desiring Having considered Underlining
Determined Having decided Viewing with appreciation
Emphasizing Keeping in mind Viewing with apprehension
Encouraged Mindful Welcoming
Expecting Noting Welcoming also
Expressing appreciation Noting further
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Operative clauses:
Operative clauses are actionable solutions to the problems raised in the preambulatory clauses.
Operative phrases are action oriented.

Accepts Demands Recalls

Acknowledges Deplores Recognizes
Adopts Designates Recommends
Advises Directs Regrets
Affirms Draws the attention Reiterates
Also calls for Emphasizes Reminds
Also recommends Encourages Renews its appeal
Also strongly condemns Endorses Repeats
Also urges Expresses its appreciation Requests
Appeals Expresses its hope Requires
Appreciates Expresses its regret Solemnly affirms
Approves Further invites Stresses
Authorizes Further proclaims Strongly advises
Calls Further recommends Strongly condemns
Calls for Further reminds Strongly encourages
Calls upon Further requests Suggests
Commends Further resolves Supports
Concurs Has resolved Takes note of
Condemns Instructs Transmits
Confirms Introduces Trusts
Congratulates Invites Underlines
Considers Notes Underscores
Decides Notes with satisfaction Urges
Declares Proclaims Welcomes
Declares accordingly Reaffirms

Main submitters, sponsors and signatories:

Sponsors are the delegates who help to draft the resolution. Signatories are delegates who would
like to see the resolution debated. The main submitter is the delegate who would like to introduce
the resolution to the committee. They will read out the operative clauses drafted in the resolution
followed by a speech in favour of it.
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Draft Resolution
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Proposing amendments to a resolution:

After a draft resolution is tabled (submitted) to the Committee Chairs to consider, the entire
Committee will review the resolution. During this review, countries that chose not to sponsor the
draft resolution (referred as the non-sponsors) have an opportunity to propose amendments.
These amendments are noted in the text.

The types of amendments that can be proposed include:

● Adding a word, phrase, sentence in a paragraph
● Adding an new paragraph
● Deleting one or more words in a paragraph
● Replacing a word, phrase, sentence or entire paragraph with a new word, phrase, sentence
or entire paragraph.

Here is an example of how an amendment would look in the text after it was proposed:

Emphasising the need to link policies on economic, social and environmental development to
ensure that all [Italy, Canada ADD: women and men] [Canada DELETE: people] benefit from
economic growth.
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APPENDIX

Sample position paper

Country: Japan Topic Area:

Cyber Terrorism Delegate:
Salman Khan

The Challenge
Cyber Terrorism is a form of technological crime committed on a magnitude of scales, ranging
from 1 robbery to governmental sabotage. Cyber terrorism is defined by the Technolytics
Institute as “The 2 premeditated use of disruptive activities, or the threat thereof, against
computers and/or networks, with the intention to cause harm or further social, ideological,
religious, political or similar objectives. Or to intimidate any person in furtherance of such
objectives.” Such a definition makes cyber terrorism a broad subject that requires attention.
Since there are a multitude of issues, Japan feels a great responsibility to assist in any way
possible as Japan has an updated cyber security response team and several acts pertaining to this
situation.

Japan’s Position
Japan is proud to state that several policies are already in place. Japan has had a Computer
Emergency Response Team since 1996 and adopted a national cybersecurity strategy in 2013. As
of 2014, the Basic 3 Law on Cybersecurity ACT was made publicly available. This act requires
all corporations and 4 organisations to boost cybersecurity initiatives and administers harsher
penalties towards offenders. This act also requires that the government take an initiative to
educate adolescents and employees on cyber security measures and requires that the government
take measures to improve the skills of people working in the cybersecurity field.
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Japan’s Proposals
- Japan firstly suggests lesser technologically developed nations follow in its example.
- Japan also suggests that the roots of many cyber attacks come from human error. Therefore,
Japan suggests that a certain amount of investment goes into researching technologically
advanced software and hardware that may replace certain, cybernetic low-level jobs. - Japan also
promotes the idea of maintaining a global league to share cyber technical advances, successes
and to do research through UN investment.
- Japan suggests that UN nations form a standard level of acceptance, limiting both surveillance
and technological limits.

Sample Opening Speeches

Delegation: Chad

Most esteemed chairs, fellow delegates,

The post-colonial era has seen the independence of many of the poorest countries in the world, Chad among them.
However, Chad strongly believes that this independence should not have to result in a new dependence upon foreign
aid for survival. Because of this, Chad believes that the future for Africa rests on multilateral efforts within the UN to
assist in the global effort to solve the pressing environmental, social and political crises that face both Chad and the
rest of Africa. This process started a while back and it is beginning to bear fruit with many of the African countries
emerging from the problems of recent years. The result of this is that now Chad, as an African nation, can work
together with the rest of the continent to help solve the major issues of today such as the problems of the rights of the
child, combating diseases such as Ebola, which kill thousands, and helping African nations achieve the permanent
seats which they deserve in the Security Council. It is with these principles and these objectives held firmly in mind
that the Chadian delegation enters this conference.

Honorable President, fellow delegates, thank you very much.

Delegation: India

Honoured Delegates, Esteemed chair,

Four-fifths of our world’s population depends on one-third of the global income. This group clings to survival with a
meager annual income of one hundred dollars or less, and in the past decade has experienced an economic growth
of only 10%, while the richer one-fifth of the world’s population has enjoyed five to ten times that growth. Poor people
are getting poorer and the rich are becoming richer. The growing gap between the developed nations and the
developing nations is a disgrace to the international community. The developed nations are responsible for helping
developing nations. Debt servicing alone is sending the developing countries further and further away from economic
stability and independence. It is a bottomless pit, with no way out unless the developed nations are willing to make
some concessions in relieving the burden of debt. India calls upon wealthier countries to consider the problems of
poorer nations, lest they undermine their own prosperity.
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We look forward to seeing you soon!

In the meantime please check out our website and Instagram page for even more
HASTMUN information.