Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

PHYSICS 0625/42

Paper 4 Theory February/March 2023

MARK SCHEME

Maximum Mark : 80

[Turn over
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION

Page 2 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION

Cambridge Assessment International Education – Generic Marking Principles (GMP)

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content
of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:
Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:
Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of
the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as
indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:
Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited
according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors
in mind.

Page 3 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION

Science-Specific Marking Principles (SSMP)

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks should not
be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for any correct
statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus terms with
which they may be confused (e.g. ethane/ethene, glucagon/glycogen, refraction/reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically correct way,
the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where necessary and any
exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons…):
• The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided
• Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n
• Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n
• Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be awarded for any
responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this should be treated as a single incorrect
response.
• Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science

6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show your
working’.
For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded by the
examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.
For answers given in standard form, (e.g. a x 10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1 and 10 is not

Page 4 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION

followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.
Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded. Exceptions to this
general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples/fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.
State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

Page 5 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION
Specific Instructions for Marking 0625/Paper 4

Preparation for Marking

Instructions and handbooks, for markers using RM Assessor 3 can be found at RM support portal.

Marking

M1. Blank pages, additional objects and marking outside the question zone.

Page 2 is blank. It is attached to Q1(a) and should be annotated SEEN on all scripts.

Annotate any blank Additional Objects with SEEN.

Where work outside the marking zone is clearly visible (e.g. in the next marking zone) it may be possible to award credit without linking pages.
However examiners must make sure that all work is properly credited and annotated and if necessary make use of the link tool to do this. (Use the
link above to access instructions if necessary.)

M2. Use of Annotation tools

Examiners annotate scripts to explain their reasons for awarding or not awarding marks, noting:

• for all questions with two or more marks, it is mandatory to annotate with ticks placed to indicate where each mark is awarded (or near the
final answer if it is a calculation)
Page 6 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION
• annotations and comments must never suggest or imply that a mark has been deducted e.g. -1
• for questions with only one mark maximum, examiners’ ticks to show the mark is awarded are not mandatory
• SF, U and ECF annotations must be used as appropriate (see table of annotation tools)

annotation tool Use of annotation tool on scripts

tick mark awarded (a tally is shown next to the annotation tool so you can check the mark you enter agrees with number of ticks
placed)

cross Incorrect / not creditworthy

SEEN this page/item has been considered by the examiner (see M1)

BOD benefit of doubt given

NBOD no benefit of doubt given

text box allows a comment written by the examiner to be included on the script

ECF error carried forward (ecf) has been applied

^ omission mark

U 1st wrong/missing unit

UU 2nd and subsequent incorrect/missing unit in same question (e.g. Q1)

wavy line used to highlight a particular point

(horizontal or
vertical)

CON contradiction (to a correct point in the answer)

Page 7 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION
NAQ not answered question

SF 1st error in the number of significant figures of a final answer

SFSF 2nd and subsequent error(s) in same question (e.g. Q1)

TV too vague

I ignore

SC special case

M3. Acronyms and shorthand in the mark scheme.

acronym/shorthand explanation

A marks Final answer marks which are awarded for fully correct final answers.

C marks Compensatory marks which may be scored to give partial credit when final answer (A) marks for a
question have not been awarded.

B marks Independent marks which do not depend on other marks.

M marks Method marks which must be scored before any subsequent final answer (A) marks can be

Page 8 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION
scored.

Brackets ( ) Words not explicitly needed in an answer, however if a contradictory word/phrase/unit to that in the
brackets is seen the mark is not awarded.

Underlining The underlined word (or a synonym) must be present for the mark to be scored. If the word is a
technical scientific term, the word must be there.

/ or OR Alternative answers any one of which gains the credit for that mark.

owtte Or words to that effect

ignore identifies incorrect or irrelevant points which may be disregarded, i.e., not treated as contradictory.
Ignore is also used to indicate an insufficient answer not worthy of credit on its own.

CON An incorrect point which contradicts any correct point and means the mark cannot be scored.

ecf [question part] Indicates that a candidate using an erroneous value from the stated question part must be given
credit here if the erroneous value is used correctly here. Cf. SSMP 4 on p3. Always annotate with
ECF

cao correct answer only

M4. Miscellaneous
Some of the following points amplify and/or clarify points from the Science-specific Marking Points (SSMP). Where they do the paragraph
number from those points is referenced below.

Spelling Be generous in accepting spellings and weak English where the meaning is clear and the words are not syllabus terms. see SSMP 3.

Use of ecf The mark scheme notes likely places where ecf will occur. Written in the guidance section of the final answer marks it should
nonetheless be applied for all relevant C marks as well. Always annotate ecf if applied. It will always be made clear in the mark scheme if ecf is
not to be applied in a particular question. see SSMP 4.
Page 9 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION

Units. A numerically correct final answer without a unit can be awarded all the A marks if the unit is shown correctly in the candidate’s working. A
numerically correct final answer with an incorrect (or completely missing) unit is not awarded the final A mark. The answer is credited with the value
of ALL the C marks. see SSMP 6.

There is a maximum of one unit penalty per numerical question (e.g., Q1).

Repeat unit errors in the same numerical question are annotated UU to indicate an error which has not been penalised.

Derived Units. Unless the mark scheme for a specific question part states otherwise, the only permitted derived units are:

Js-1 or Nms-1 for W, Nm-2 for Pa, Ns or kgms1 for both momentum and impulse and Nm for J (but not J as the unit for moments).

Use of capital and lower case letters in units. Accept units with incorrect use of upper and lower case symbols, e.g. pA for Pa.

Arithmetic errors. If the only error in arriving at a final answer is clearly an arithmetic one, the A marks are not awarded but C marks can be
awarded ignoring the arithmetic error. Power-of-ten errors are regarded as arithmetic errors unless the mark scheme contains a specific instruction
for a particular question. see SSMP 6.

Transcription errors. If the only error in arriving at a final answer is because previously calculated or supplied data has clearly been

misread, but used correctly, final answer marks are not awarded. The transcription error is ignored when awarding C marks.

Fractions. Allow these only where specified in the mark scheme; Otherwise they are a significant figure error; annotate with SF.

Page 10 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION
Crossed out work. Work which has been wholly crossed out and not replaced and can easily be read, should be marked as if it had not been
crossed. Look to see if it has been replaced on a blank page or another part of the same page before attempting to mark the crossed-out work.

Marking diagrams on-screen. Differences in magnification and/or individual computer screen settings can alter the appearance of diagrams. If it is
necessary to check line lengths or angles use the tools provided within RM Assessor 3 to ensure consistency across all examiners.

NR. (# or / key on the keyboard). Use this (instead of giving 0 marks) if the answer space for a question is completely blank or contains no readable
words, figures or symbols.

Page 11 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION
Question Answer Mark Guidance

all Any correct final answer to 2 sf or more scores all A marks even if reached
by wrong Physics.
Any numerically correct final answer with a unit error scores
All marks except the last answer mark, even if reached by wrong Physics.
Annotate U.
Where a C, B or M mark is available for quoting a formula or equation this
can be done, in any form, in words, symbols or numbers unless the mark
scheme specifies otherwise.
Where an equation is quoted in numerical values from the question a C, B
or M mark is awarded even if the substituted values are incorrect by a
power-of-ten.

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(a) correct triangle or rectangle drawn use of Pythagoras’ theorem B1

resultant velocity (including correct use of trigonometry to find angle B1 NOT incorrect direction of arrow
direction of arrow)

speed = 4.3 m/s speed = 4.3 m/s B1 4.30116.....

direction = 54° or 55° direction = 54° or 55° B1 54.4623....

discuss tolerance for vector diagram method at
STM

1(b) any scalar quantity B1 accept distance, time, mass, energy, temperature
NOT speed

any vector quantity B1 accept force, weight, velocity, acceleration,

momentum, electric field strength, gravitational
field strength.
NOT velocity

Page 12 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION

Question Answer Marks Guidance

2(a) ship is not solid steel./ there are air spaces in ship B1

overall density of ship is less than the density of the water B1 accept reference to weight of displaced
water/upthrust and weight?

2(b) greater mass near the bottom makes centre of gravity lower B1 accept centre of mass for centre of gravity

lower centre of gravity makes the ship more stable/ less likely to lean to B1 accept centre of mass for centre of gravity
one side

2(c) 1.4 x 107 J OR 14 MJ A2 14112000

∆Ep= mgh in any form OR 30 000 x 9.8 x 48 C1

Page 13 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION

Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(a) Energy cannot be created or destroyed B1

Energy can be transferred between energy stores B1

3(b)(i) Energy transferred in one hour at a rate of transfer of 1 kW B1

3(b)(ii) 7200 (kWh) A2

∆E = Pt in any form OR 1800 x 4.0 OR 1.8 x 4.0 OR 7.2 x 10N C1

3(b)(iii) Any two from: B2

geothermal
nuclear
tidal

Page 14 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION
Question Answer Marks Guidance

4(a) metals have mobile/free electrons B1

electrons (move through metal) and collide with atoms (transferring their B1
energy)

molecules in the lattice vibrate and pass their energy to those next to B1
them

4(b)(i) attractive forces between particles (much) greater in liquids than in gases B1 ignore repulsive forces
accept atoms or molecules

particles in gases are (much) further apart (than in liquids) B1 accept atoms or molecules

4(b)(ii) any two from: B2 ora if clear

takes place throughout the liquid accept bubbles throughout the liquid for takes
occurs at a fixed temperature place throughout the liquid?
does not produce cooling accept boiling is quicker or takes place at a faster
rate?

4(c) 3.93 J / (g °C) OR 3930 J / (kg °C) A4 3.9288...

m = ρV in any form OR 1.03 x 200 OR 206 C1 words, symbols or numbers

(c = )E / m∆T in any form OR 60 700 / (206 x 75) C1 words, symbols or numbers

(m = )206 (g) OR ∆T = 75°C C1

Page 15 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(a)(i) 42° A2 41.8°

sin c = 1 / n in any form OR sin c = 1 / 1.5 C1 words, symbols or numbers

5(a)(ii) ray continues along radius of semicircle within plastic B1

ray reflected inside plastic with angle of reflection = angle of incidence B1 by eye
NOT if there is a refracted ray

5(b)(i) (focal length =) 7.2 cm B1 actual value to be checked on printed copy of

paper

5(b)(ii) ray parallel to principal axis to centre line through F (same distance on M1
right of lens as F marked on left of lens)

ray through centre of lens M1

rays traced back to intersect and line from principal axis to top of image A1
labelled I.

5(c) diverging lens in front of eye lens B1

rays meeting on the retina B1

Page 16 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION

Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(a) region where particles are closer together (than normal) OR region where B1
there is a greater pressure (than normal)

region where particles are further apart (than normal) OR region where B1
there is a lower pressure than normal

6(b) light does not need a medium to travel through (but sound does) B1

6(c) 3100 m OR 3.1 km A2 3060 m or 3.06 km

(d =) vt in any form OR (d =) 340 x 9 C1 words, symbols or numbers

6(d) 1400 C A3 1440

(Q = )I t OR I = Q / t in any form C1 words, symbols or numbers

30 000 x 48 x 10-3 OR 1.4 x 10N C1 accept 30 000 x 4.8

Page 17 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION

Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(a) work done in passing charge through a component B1

work done per unit charge B1 accept work done by unit charge

7(b)(i) E=W/Q B1 words or symbols

only in this form as question asks for a definition of
e.m.f

7(b)(ii) 270 J A2

W = EQ C1 words, symbols or numbers

NB equation must be as written as mark has
already been awarded in (b)(i) for formula in the
format as in the syllabus

7(c)(i) correct symbols for d.c. power supply, a lamp and a thermistor B1

all components in series B1 ignore wrong component for this mark

7(c)(ii) resistance (of thermistor) decreases when temperature increases B1

resistance of circuit falls/greater current flows in lamp so brightness B1

increases

Page 18 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION

Question Answer Marks Guidance

8(a) downwards / into the page / anti-clockwise B1

8(b) current, (magnetic) field, motion at right angles to each other B1 accept mention of left hand rule/ motor rule

magnetic field from left to right B1 accept mag field from N to S and/or current from
A to B?

8(c) coil stops OR coil overshoots B1

coil vibrates OR wobbles backwards and forwards OR B1

coil pulled back by force acting on it

8(d) (split-ring) commutator reverses the current when the coil is at right B1
angles to the magnetic field

(brushes) provide contact between the coil and the power supply B1

coil rotates continuously B1 accept if not present then coil vibrates OR

wobbles backwards and forwards if not stated in
8©

Page 19 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION

Question Answer Marks Guidance

9(a)(i) any mention of neutrons B1

(large) nucleus splits in two B1 accept suitable large nucleus e.g.uranium

(large) release of energy (when smaller nuclei produced) B1

9(a)(ii) advantage – one from: B1 accept reliable OR continuous supply of electrical

• does not use fossil fuels energy OR not affected by weather.?
• does not cause air pollution
• produces large amounts of energy

disadvantage – one from: B1

• resources finite/ not renewable
• cost of building/ cost of decommissioning
• danger if any leak of radiation
• visual pollution?
• difficulty of storage of used radioactive material / nuclear waste
must be stored for a long time

9(b) 2 2 3 1
1 H + 1 H → 2 He + 0 n

LHS correct B1

3 B1
2 He on RHS

1 B1
0 n on RHS

Page 20 of 21
0625/42 IGCSE – Mark Scheme Feb/Mar 2023
PRE-STANDARDISATION

Question Answer Marks Guidance

10(a) 24 km / s A3

v = 2πr/ T in any form OR (2π x2.28 x 108) / (690 x 24 x60 x 60) C1 words, symbols or numbers
accept use of 690 for T for this mark

(2π x2.28 x 108) / (690 x 24 x60 x 60) C1

(b) elliptical B1

(c)(i) wavelength increases A2

change of wavelength (which occurs when galaxy is moving quickly) C1

(c)(ii) speed/ velocity (that galaxy is moving away from Earth) B1

Page 21 of 21