2.

LOWER LIMB, ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

Index

Annular pancreas 355 plantar arch 212

A Anomalies of intestines 320 popliteal 211
Anorectal fistula or fistula in ano 413 posterior tibial 211
Abdominal cavity 270
Anterior abdominal wall 233 profunda femoris 57
Abdominal part of oesophagus 291
surface landmarks 233 Arteries of abdomen and pelvis
histology 292
skin 234 12–15 jejunal and ileal branches 327
Abdominal policeman 273
anatomical importance 235 coeliac trunk 323, 515
Abductor mechanism 81
dissection 234 common hepatic 324
Abnormal obturator artery 54
embryological Importance 236 common iliac 517
Accessory pancreatic duct of Santorini 352
umbilicus 235 cruciate anastomoses 84
Acetabulum 14
superficial fascia 237 deep external pudendal 57
Achalasia cardia 293
cutaneous arteries 238 external iliac 517
Acquired diverticula 328 cutaneous nerves 237
Acute pancreatitis 355 gonadal 517
cutaneous veins 238 ileocolic 327
Addison's disease 384 superficial lymphatics 239
Adductor canal 62 iliolumbar 518
muscles 239 inferior gluteal 84, 517
boundaries 62 cremesteric reflex 243
contents 53 inferior mesenteric artery 328
dissection 240, 243
dissection 64 inferior pancreaticoduodenal 326
deep nerves 244
extent 62 inferior vesical 517
deep arteries 244
features 62 internal iliac 517
rectus sheath 246
shape 62 internal pudendal 84, 517
contents 247
Adductor compartment 66 features 246 lateral sacral 518
dissection 66 new concept of 247 left colic artery 329
muscles 67 fascia transversalis 248 left gastric artery 324
obturator nerve 68 dissection 248 lumbar 517
course and relations 68 opening of deep inguinal ring 248 median sacral 517
origin and root value 68 inguinal canal 249 medical circumflex femoral 70
Adrenalectomy 385 boundaries 249 middle colic 326
Adrenogenital syndrome 385 constituents of the spermatic cord 250 middle rectal 517
Adventitious bursae/bunion 41 development 251 middle suprarenal arteries 516
Amoebiasis 316 dissection 251 muscular branches 57
Anal canal 481 mechanism of 251 obturator artery 70, 517
anal sphincters 482 structures passing through the canal 250 ovarian 517
anorectal ring 482 Anterior tibial compartment syndrome 110 right colic 327
arterial supply 483 Antigravity muscles 3 sigmoid arteries 329
conjoint longitudinal coat 482 gluteus maximus 3 splenic 325
development 485 soleus 3 superficial circumflex iliac 57
dissection 484 gastrocnemius 3 superficial epigastric 57
histology 485 Appendicitis 318 superficial external pudendal 57
interior 481 Appendicular dyspepsia 319 superior gluteal 84, 518
length, extent 481 Arches of foot 189 superior mesenteric artery 325, 395, 504
lower cutaneous part 482 anterior transverse arch 193 superior rectal artery 329
lymphatic drainage 483 classification of 189 superior vesical 517
middle part—pecten 482 comparison of medial longitudinal arch
testicular 517
musculature 482 and lateral longitudinal arch 192
nerve supply 484 the anterior and posterior tibial
factors responsible for maintenance of 191
recurrent branches 114
relations 481 functions of 191
surgical spaces related to 483 the anterior medial and anterior lateral
lateral longitudinal arch 191
upper mucous part 481 malleolar 114
medial longitudinal arch 189
venous drainage 483 posterior transverse arch 193 trochanteric anastomoses 84
Anastomoses around the knee joint 93 Arteries of lower limb 211 uterine 518
Ankle joint 175 Anterior tibial 211 vaginal 518
dissection 178 dorsalis pedis 211 Arthroscopy 184
ligaments 177 femoral 211 Ascites 273
movements 177 lateral plantar 212 Aspiration of the hip joint 166
muscles producing movements 178 medial plantar 212 Avascular necrosis of head of femur 21,
relations 177 peroneal 211 71, 167
525
526 HUMAN ANATOMY—LOWER LIMB, ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

Cholelithiasis 341 liver 514

B Chromaffin system 385 male reproductive organs 514
coccygeal body 386 oesophagus 513
Back of leg 123
para-aortic bodies 386 pancreas 514
deep fascia 124
paraganglia 385 rectum and anal canal 514
dissection 125
Chronic obstruction of urinary bladder 437 small intestine 513
deep muscles 128
Circumcision 260 stomach 513
dissection 129
Clawfoot 194 uterus 514
peroneal artery 131
Clergyman's knee 49, 113 vesical plexus 514
beginning, course and termination 131
Coccyx 227 Digital examination of the rectum 471, 480
branches 131
attachments 227 Dipping gait 113
posterior tibial artery 130
features 227 Dislocation of patella 23
beginning, course and termination 130
ossification 227 Dislocation of the hip 166
branches 130
Colonoscopy 314 Dislocations of the ankle 178
relations 130
Colpotomy and colporrhaphy 457 Diverticulum of colon 314
superficial fascia 123
Common site of carcinoma of prostate 472 Dorsum of foot 115
cutaneous nerves 123
Comparison of lower limb and upper limb 157 dorsalis pedis artery 115
dissection 124
Complete prolaps/procidentia 480 beginning, course and termination 115
long saphenous vein 123
Computerised tomography of suprarenals 384 branches 116
short saphenous vein 123
Congenital dislocation of hip joint 166 dissection 116
superficial muscles 126
Congenital stenosis of second part of Duodenal carcinoma 310
tibial nerve 132
duodenum 310 Duodenal diverticula 310
branches 132
Conjoined ischiopubic rami 13 Duodenum 305
relations 132
attachments and relations 13 arterial supply 308
Back of thigh 96
Coronary bypass 151 dissection 305
arteries of 102
Courvoisier's law 341 first part 306
dissection 96
Cuboid 39 fourth part 308
muscles 96
anatomical position 39 histology 309
sciatic nerve 99
attachments 39 lymphatic drainage 309
branches 100
features 39 nerve supply 309
course and relations 99
ossification 39 second part 306
origin and root value 99
Cuneiform bones 37 suspensory muscle of 308
Baker's cyst 175
anatomical position 38 third part 307
Banti's disease 348
common features 37 venous drainage 309
Barrett's oesophagus 293
Benign prostatic hyperplasia 472 ossification 39 Duplex ureter 378
Biliary obstruction 340 Cushing's syndrome 385
Bimanual palpation of kidney 372
Blood pressure in the lower limb 91
Cut open procedure 113, 151
E
Cystoscopy 437
Bone graft of fibula 32 Ectopic testis 265
Bone marrow biopsy 15 Ectopic ureter 378
Bones 7 D Elephantiasis 154
Bones of the foot 32 Embolism
Deep extravasation of urine 419
Bony pelvis 227 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography
pelvimetry 227 Deformities of the knee 174
Development of gut 288 (ERCP) 340
sex differences in the pelvis 229 Enlarged popliteal lymph nodes 93
Boundaries and contents of pelvis 428 Development of limb 4
molecular regulation of 4 Epididymis 266
Bucket-handle tear of the medial meniscus 21 histology 266
Buddy splint 185 Development of male reproductive system 266
parts 266
Buerger's disease 4 descent of the testis 266
vessels and nerves 266
ducts 267
Bursitis 23 Episiotomy 460
external genitalia 267
Eventration 391
molecular regulation 268
External genital organs
C testis 266
External hernia 252
Diabetes mellitus 355
complications 252
Caecitis 316 Diaphragm 388
External piles 484
Calcaneus 34 actions 391
Extrahepatic biliary apparatus 336
anatomical position 34 development 392
bile duct 338
attachments 35 dissection 391
development 342
features 34 gross anatomy 388
dissection 340
ossification 36 insertion 389
sphincters related 339
relations 35 motor nerve supply 390
vascular and nerve supply 339
side determination 34 openings 390
common hepatic duct 336
Calf pump 151 origin 388
gallbladder 336
Calot's triangle 341 relations 390
cystic duct 338
Cancer of the head of pancreas 340 sensory 390
histology of 341
Caput medusae 333, 361 Diaphragmatic hernia 391
Carcinoma of ovary 448 right and left hepatic ducts 336
acquired hernia 392
Carcinoma of pancreas 355 congenital 391
Carcinoma of rectum 481 Digestive system 513 F
Cauda equina syndrome 223 female reproductive organs 514
Caudal anaesthesia 431 gallbladder 514 Fascia
Chocolate cysts of ovary 448 kidneys 514 Colles' 13
Cholecystitis 340 large intestine 513 iliaca 8
 INDEX 527

iliotibial tract 26 deep fascia 108

lata 8, 13 deep peroneal nerve 114 I
thoracolumbar 9, 401 dissection 108
Iliac crest 7
Female perineum 419 muscles of 110
attachments 8
compressor urethrae 422 dissection 110
curvatures 7
deep perineal space 422 superficial fascia 107
ends 7
female external genital organs 419 cutaneous nerves 107
morphological divisions 8
female urogenital region 420 superficial veins 107
Ilium 7
perineal membrane 422 surface landmarks 105
Inferior vena cava blockage 239
sphincter urethrovaginalis 422 Front of thigh 45
Infraumbilical median incisions 244
superficial peroneal space 421 deep fascia 49
Injuries to collateral ligaments 175
urethral sphincter mechanism 422 dissection 50
Injuries to cruciate ligaments 174
Femoral triangle 51 iliotibial tract 49
Injuries to menisci 174
boundaries 51 intermuscular septa 50
Injuries to the knee 174
contents 51 saphenous opening 50
Injury to cruciate ligaments 113
Female pseudohermaphroditism 385 superficial fascia 46
Injury to common peroneal nerve 93
Female reproductive organs 445 cutaneous arteries 47
Injury to femoral nerve 55
development 460 cutaneous nerves 46
Injury to medial meniscus 113
duct of Gartner 461 deep bursae 48
Injury to superficial peroneal nerve 119
external genitalia 462 dissection 48
Injury to tendo calcaneus 132
mesonephric tubules 461 great or long saphenous vein 47
Injury to tibial nerve 92, 126
molecular regulation of 462 subcutaneous bursae 48
Insufflation test 450
ovary 460 superficial inguinal lymph nodes 48
Intermediate cuneiform 38
vagina 462 surface landmarks 45 attachments 38
Feminization 385
features 38
Femoral artery 55
branches 57 G Intermittent claudication 212
Internal genital organs in female 445
extent and Course 56
Gait 184 Internal hernia 252, 288
origin 55
Grafting of sural nerve 124 Internal piles 484
relations 56
Gluteal region Intervertebral disc 230
Femoral canal 53
arteries of 84 functions 231
Femoral hernia 54
cutaneous nerves 75 Intervertebral joints 230
Femoral nerve 58
cutaneous vessels 75 Intestinal tuberculosis 316
branches 58
deep fascia 75 Intramuscular injection in vastus lateralis 62
course 58
dissection 75 Intramuscular injections 81
distribution 58
lymphatics 75 Intrauterine contraceptive device 457
origin and root value 58
muscles of 75, 78 Intravenous infusions in infants 58
Femoral sheath 53
structures passing through the Inversion injuries 113
Femoral vein 58
greater sciatic foramen 85 Ischium 12
tributaries 58
structures passing through the lesser body 12
Femur 15
sciatic foramen 85 two ends 12
anatomical position 15
angle of femoral torsion 15 nerves of 82
attachments 17 superficial fascia 75
lower end 17 surface landmarks 74 J
neck-shaft angle 15 Jejunum and ileum 310
ossification 20
shaft 17
H blood supply 310
histology 311
side determination 15 Haemodialysis 373 lymphatic drainage 310
upper end 15 Haemorrhoids 333 nerve supply 310
Fibula 28 Hallux valgus 185 Joints of lower limb 162
anatomical position 28 Hamstring muscles slashed 96
attachments 29 Hepatitis 360
lower end of 29 Hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater 352 K
ossification 32 Hermaphroditism 265
shaft 28 Hiatal hernia 293 Kidney 365
side determination 28 Hiatus of schwalbe 414 blood supply 370
upper end of 28 Hiccough 391 capsules 366
Fistula in ano 484 High heels effects 133, 145, 184 development of 378
Flat foot 193 Hip bone 7 molecular regulation 378
Floating kidney 372 anatomical position 7 dissection 370
Foot drop 32, 93, 115, 212 osification 14 external features 365
Fracture of neck of the femur 21, 166 side determination 7 histology 370
Fracture of the neck of the talus 34 Hip joint 162 location 365
Fracture of the patella 23 articular surfaces 162 lymphatic drainage 370
Fracture of the shaft of femur 21 dissection nerve supply 370
Fracture of tuberosity of 5th metatarsal 41 ligaments 162 relations 366
Fresher's syndrome 110, 113 movements structure 368
Front of leg 105 muscles producing movements 165 vascular segments 370
anterior tibial artery 113 relations 164 Kidney transplantation 373
beginning, course and termination 113 Housemaid knee 113 Knee joint 167
branches 114 Hydrocoele 261 articular surfaces 167
relations 114 Hysterosalpingography 450 bursae around the knee 172
528 HUMAN ANATOMY—LOWER LIMB, ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

dissection 172 interosseous sacroiliac 9 dissection 465

ligaments 167 interosseous talocalcanean 34 ductus deferens 465
movements 173 interosseous tibiofibular 27, 31 arterial supply 466
synovial membrane 172 ischiofemoral ligament 13 course and relations 465
type 167 lacunar 12 development 467
Kyphosis 224 lateral meniscus 27 histology 467
ligamentum patellae 27 length 465
ligamentum teres 17 venous drainage 466
L long plantar 36, 39 ejaculatory duct 467
medial meniscus 27 seminal vesicles 467
Laparoscope 273
medial talocalcanean 36 Male perineum 414
Large intestine 312
of hip joint, capsular 9, 18 deep perineal space 415
ascending colon 319
of knee joint, capsular 20, 26 dissection 414
caecum 314 male external genital organs 414
of the ankle joint capsular 27, 31, 34
development 315 male urogenital region 414
of the superior tibiofibular joint,
descending colon 319 perineal membrane 416
capsular 26
development of 320 superficial perineal space 415
pectineal 12
duodenum 320 March fracture 41, 145
plantar calcaneonavicular 37
hindgut 320 Marginal artery of Drummond 329
posterior cruciate 20, 27
midgut 320 Masculinisation 385
posterior tibiofibular ligament 31
dissection 314 McBurney's point 318
puboprostatic 12
histology of colon 320 Meckel's diverticulum 311
pubovesical 12
ileocaecal valve 315 dissection 311
sacrospinous 13
dissection 316 Medial cuneiform 38
sacrotuberous ligament 13
left colic flexure 319 attachment 38
short plantar 36, 39
relevant features 312 features 38
spring 36
right colic flexure 319 Medial side of the leg 119
stem of the bifurcate 35, 37
sigmoid colon 320 Membrane
talonavicular 37
transverse colon 319 anterior intermuscular septum 30
tibial collateral ligament 20
vermiform appendix 316 interosseous 31
ventral sacroiliac 9
appendicular orifice 316 obturator 13
Line of gravity 5
blood supply 317 perineal 14
Liver 355
histology 318 Meningocoele 222
blood supply 358
lymphatic drainage 317 Meralgia paraesthetica 55, 113
development 360
nerve supply 317 Metatarsus 39
molecular regulation of 360
positions 316 anatomical position 39
external features 355
Lateral cuneiform 39 identification 39
five surfaces 356
attachments 39 important attachments 40
hepatic segments 359
features 39 ossification 40
Histology 362
Lateral side of the leg 116 Miscellaneous 505
lymphatic drainage 359
dissection 117 inguinal canal 505
nerve supply 359
peroneal retinacula 116 root of mesentery 505
relations 357
superficial peroneal nerve 117 Morton's neuroma 144
two lobes 356
branches and distribution 118 Mucles of the front of the thigh 59
venous drainage 358
course 117 Murphy's sign 341
visceral relations 357
dissection 119 Muscles
Liver biopsy 361
origin and root value 117 abductor digiti minimi 36
Liver common site of metastatic tumours 361
relations 118 abductor hallucis 36, 40, 142
Liver resection 361
Layers of the abdomen 406 adductor brevis 12, 14, 19, 67
Liver transplantation 361
Lesser pelvis 428 adductor longus 12, 19, 67
Loose-pack position of ankle joint 113
bony walls 428 adductor magnus 14, 19, 67, 98
Lumbar lordosis 224
ligaments and membranes 429 articularis genu 19, 61
Lumbar sympathectomy 113, 406
muscles 429 biceps femoris 30, 98
Lumbar vertebrae 219
pelvic cavity 431 conjoint tendon 12, 243
attachments 221
pelvic floor 430 cremaster 12, 243
fifth 220
structures crossing the pelvic inlet 431 deep transversus perinei 14
ossification 222
Ligament erector spinae 9
typical 219
anterior cruciate ligament 20, 27 extensor digitorum brevis 35, 112
Lurching gait 81
anterior pubic 12 extensor digitorum longus 29, 112
Lymphatic drainage of lower limb 152
anterior talofibular ligament 31, 34 extensor hallucis longus 29, 112
deep inguinal lymph nodes 153
calcaneofibular 31, 36 external oblique 8, 239
deep lymphatics 153
cervical 34 flexor digiti minimi brevis 40, 142
popliteal lymph nodes 153
cubonavicular 37 flexor digitorum brevis 36, 40
superficial inguinal lymph nodes 152
cuneonavicular 37 flexor digitorum longus 27, 40, 128
deep transverse metatarsal ligaments 137 superficial lymphatics 153 flexor hallucis 30
deltoid 27, 34, 36 flexor hallucis brevis 39
dorsal sacroiliac 9 M flexor hallucis longus 36, 40, 128
dorsal talonavicular 34 gastrocnemius 126
fibular collateral 20, 30 Main pancreatic duct of Wirsung 352 gemellus inferior 78
iliofemoral 9 Malalignment of patella 175 gemellus superior 78
iliolumbar 9 Male external genital organs 257 gluteus maximus 9, 17, 19, 78
Inferior transverse tibiofibular 31 dissection 257 gracilis 12, 14, 27, 67
inguinal 8, 12, 242 Male internal genital organs 465 Iliacus 9, 18, 60, 400
 INDEX 529

internal oblique 8, 240 superficial peroneal nerve 200, 208 Partial splenectomy 348
ischial head of the adductor magnus 20 superior gluteal 82, 205 Parts of lower limb 4
ischiocavernosus 14 tibial nerve 200, 206 gluteal region 4
lateral head of the gastrocnemius 20, 19 to quadratus femoris 83, 205 ham or poples 4
latissimus dorsi 8 to the obturator Internus 84, 206 leg 5
levator ani 12, 13 Nerves of abdomen 511 the foot 5
lumbrical muscle 40 abdominal part of sympathetic trunk 512 thigh 5
medial head of the gastrocnemius 20 aortic plexus 512 Patella 22
obturator externus 12, 13, 14, 17, 78 autonomic nerve supply of various anatomical position 22
obturator internus 9 organs 513 attachments 23
pectineus 19, 12, 67 coeliac plexus 513 features 22
peroneus brevis 29, 40, 117 collateral or prevertebral ganglia and ossification 23
peroneus longus 29, 38, 40, 117 plexuses 513 side determination 22
peroneus tertius 29, 40, 112 lower intercostal nerves 511 Patellar jerk 212
piriformis 17, 78 lumbar plexus 511 Patellar tendon reflex 62
plantar interosseous 40 pelvic part of sympathetic trunk 512 Peculiarities of lower limb 6
plantaris 19, 126 pudendal nerve 512 Pelvis
popliteus 20, 27, 128 sacral plexus 512 course 488
psoas major 18, 60, 400 superior hypogastric plexus 513 dissection 498
pyramidalis 243 upper lumbar nerves 511 intercoccygeal 496
quadratus femoris 18, 78 Nerves of lower limb 204 internal iliac artery 488
quadratus iumborum 9, 400 Neuralgic pain in the forefoot 193 branches 488
quadriceps femoris 61 Neurological disturbances of the rectum 480 internal iliac vein 490
rectus abdominis 12, 241 Neuroma on sural nerve 124 dissection 491
rectus femoris 61 Nine regions of abdomen 270 joints of pelvis 495
reflected head of the rectus femoris 9 lumbosacral 495
sartorius 8, 27, 59, 61 mechanism of pelvis 498
semimembranosus 13, 98 O nerves of 491
semitendinosus 13, 27, 98 branches 491
Obturator foramen 14 coccygeal plexus 492
short head of the biceps femoris 19
Oesophageal stenosis 293 dissection 492
slip from the tibialis posterior 38, 39
Oesophageal varices 293, 333 lumbosacral plexus 491
soleus 27, 30, 126
Optimal position of ankle joint 178 pelvic autonomic nerves 492
straight head of the rectus femoris 9
Osteoarthritis 174 pelvic sympathetic system 492
superficial transversus perinei 14
Osteology 219 pelvic fascia 493
tendocalcaneus 35
Ovarian cysts 448 parietal fascia 493
tensor fasciae latae 8, 78
Ovaries 445 visceral fascia 493
tibialis anterior 27, 38, 40, 112
arterial supply 447 pelvic muscles 493
tibialis posterior 30, 36, 37, 128
dissection 448 pubic symphysis 498
transversus abdominis 8, 241
external features 446 sacrococcygeal 496
vastus intermedius 19, 61
histology 447 sacroiliac joint 496
vastus lateralis 19, 61
lymphatic drainage 447 blood supply 498
vastus medialis 19, 61
nerve supply 447 factors providing stability 498
Muscular dystrophy 81 relations 446 ligaments 496
venous drainage 447 movements 498
N nerve supply 498
P relations 497
the levator ani 494
Navicular bone 36
anatomical position 36 Pain from pancreatitis 355 actions 495
attachments 37 Palpable parts of the bones 196 dissection 495
features 36 Palpation of the spleen 347 iliococcygeus part 494
ossification 37 Pancreas 349 ischiococcygeus part 494
Neoplasms of vagina 460 arterial supply 353 nerve supply 494
Nephritis 373 body 351 pubococcygeus part 494
Nerve development of 354 relations 495
accessory obturator 70, 205 molecular regulation of 355 Penis 257
common peroneal nerve 200, 206 dissection 355 arteries 258
deep peroneal nerve 200, 206 ducts 352 body 258
femoral nerve 58, 199, 204, 402 head 349 lymphatic drainage 259
genitofemoral nerve 402 histology 353 mechanism of erection 259
iliohypogastric nerve 402 lymphatic drainage 353 nerve supply 259
ilioinguinal nerve 402 neck 350 root 257
inferior gluteal 82, 205 nerve supply 353 veins 259
lateral cutaneous nerve 402 size and shape 349 Perinephric abscess 372
lateral plantar nerve 200, 209 tail 352 Perineum 409
lumbar plexus 402 venous drainage 353 anal region 410
lumbosacral trunk 402 Pancreas resection 355 deep boundaries 409
medial plantar nerve 200, 209 Pancreatic cyst 355 dissection 412
obturator 68, 204 Paracentesis 273 divisions 410
perforating cutaneous 84 Paralysis of peroneus brevis and peroneus external anal sphincter 410
pudendal 83 longus 117 ischioanal fossa 411
sciatic 83, 199, 206 Paralysis of the quadriceps femoris 59 boundaries 411
semimembranosus 26 Paramedian incisions 244 contents 412
530 HUMAN ANATOMY—LOWER LIMB, ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

dimensions 411 branches 331 internal pudendal artery with branches 424
ischioanal space 412 course 330 internal pudendal vein 426
pudendal canal 412 development 334 pudendal nerve with branches 423, 424
perineal body 410 formation 330 Pudendal nerve block 424
superficial boundaries 409 termination 330 Pulsations of the dorsalis pedis artery 116
Peripheral heart 151 Portosystemic communications 331 Pulsations of the femoral artery 57
Peritoneal dialysis 273, 373 Positive Trendelenburg's sign 212 Pyelonephritis 373
Peritoneum 271 Posterior abdominal wall 395
caecal fossae 287 abdominal aorta 395, 504
duodenal fossae 287 dorsal branches 396 Q
folds 272 lateral branches 395
functions 272 terminal branches 396 Q angle 22
greater omentum 274 ventral branches 395
dissection 275 abdominal part of the autonomic
intersigmoid recess 287 nervous system 403 R
lesser omentum 276 abdominal parts of azygos vein 398
Radiological and imaging procedures of
lesser sac 282 cisterna chyli 399
abdomen and pelvis 506
mesentery 276 hemiazygos veins 398
barium enema 508
mesoappendix 277 inferior vena cava 397, 505
barium meal examination 507
parietal 271 common iliac veins 397
barium swallow 507
peritoneal cavity 272 hepatic veins 398
biliary apparatus 509
peritoneal fossae 287 renal veins 397
hysterosalpingography 510
reflection of 279 right suprarenal 398
right testicular 397 plain skiagram of abdomen 506
epiploic foramen 282 pyelography 508
horizontal tracing above transverse third and fourth lumbar veins 397
lumbar sympathetic chain 403 ascending pyelography 509
colon 280 excretory 508
horizontal tracing below the coeliac ganglia and coeliac plexus 403
inferior hypogastric plexuses 405 pyelography 508
transverse colon 281 retrograde 509
vertical tracing 279 superior hypogastric plexus 404
lymph nodes 399 Rectal continence 481
special regions 284 Rectum 475
hepatorenal pouch 285 muscles of 399
thoracolumbar fascia 401 arterial supply 477
infracolic compartments 285 course and direction 475
subphrenic spaces 285 anterior layer 402
middle layer 402 dimensions 475
supracolic compartment 285 dissection 478
transverse mesocolon 278 posterior layer 401
Posterior gastric ulcer 283 extent 475
visceral 271 functional parts 477
Peritonitis 273, 284 Posterior tibial pulse 132
Pott's fracture 21, 32 lymphatic drainage 478
Perthes' disease 166 nerve supply 478
Prehensile organ 4
Pes cavus 145, 194 relations 476
Prepatellar bursitis 49
Pes planus 113 supports of rectum 478
Presacral neurectomy 406
Phaeochromocytoma 385 venous drainage 478
Primary thrombosis of the artery 91
Phalanges 40 Referred pain in perineum 421
Pringle manoeuvre 361
anatomical position 40 Referred pain to hip joint 69, 166
Procedure for embalming 46
attachments 40 Reflex emptying of urinary bladder 438
Proctoscopy and sigmoidoscopy 480
ossification 41 Prolapse of ovaries 448 Renal angle 372
Phimosis 260 Prolapse of rectum 480 Renal stones 373
Piles/haemorrhoids 484 Prolapse of the rectum 414 Renal tumours 373
Piriformis syndrome 83 Prolapse of the uterus 495 Replacement of hip and knee joints 175
Plantar fasciitis 137 Prolapse of vagina 460 Retinaculum
Plantigrade posture 3 Prostate 467 flexor 36, 125
Pneumoperitoneum 273 age changes 470 inferior peroneal 30, 109
Policeman's heel 113 blood supply 470 snperior peroneal 30, 109
Polycystic kidney 373 capsules and ligaments of 469 stem of inferior extensor 35
Popliteal fossa 87 development 471 structures passing deep to the flexor
boundaries 87 gross feature 468 retinaculum 125
common peroneal nerve 92 histology 471 superior extenser 30, 109
branches 92 lobes 469 Ruptured urinary bladder 437
course 92 lymphatic drainage 470
contents 89 nerve supply 470
dissection 87 situation 468 S
location 87 sphincters related to 468
popliteal artery 89 structures within 469 Sacralization of the fifth lumbar vertebra 222
beginning, course and termination 89 zones of 468 Sacrum 224
branches 90 Prostatitis 471 anatomical position 224
relations 90 Psoas abscess 62, 401 attachments 226
popliteal lymph nodes 92 Pubis 9 features 224
popliteal vein 91 attachments 12 ossification 227
surface landmarks 87 body 9 relations 226
tibial nerve 91 inferior ramus 9 sex differences 226
branches 92 relations 12 Salpingitis 449
course 91 superior ramus 9 Saphenous nerve entrapment neuropathy 108
Portal hypertension 331 Pudendal canal 423 Sciatic nerve block 83
Portal vein 330 contents 423 Sciatica 101, 212
 INDEX 531

Scoliosis 223 blood supply 295 Talus 32

Scrotum 260 development of 300 side determination 32
blood supply 260 Molecular regulation 300 anatomical position 32
layers 260 Oesophagus 300 attachments 34
nerve supply 260 Stomach 300 ossification 34
Segmental innervations of lower limb 154 dissection 298 Tarsal tunnel syndrome 113, 126
dermatomes 154 external features 294 Tendo-achilles reflex 130
joint movements 155 histology 299 Tendon transplantation 132
myotomes 155 interior 297 Tenosynovitis of peronei tendon 117
Semimembranosus bursitis 96, 101, 175 lymphatic drainage 295 Testing for quadriceps femoris 30
Senile enlargement of prostate 471 nerve supply 297 Testing the adductors 69
Sesamoid bones 41 relations 295 Testing the hamstring muscles 100
Shenton's line 167 stomach bed 295 Testis 261
Shoulder tip pain 391 Stone formation in urinary bladder 438 arterial supply 264
Site of sebaceous cysts 261 Strangulated internal hernia 283 coverings 263
Sites for acute osteomyelitis 28 Subluxation of ankle 130 external features 262
Sites for peptic ulcer 309 Subphrenic abscess 286 histology 264
Sites of intramuscular injections 113 rectouterine pouch 286 lymphatic drainage 264
Sites of pulse palpation in lower limb 113 Superficial extravasation of urine 419 nerve supply 264
Sleeping foot 101, 212 Superior vena cava blockage 239 structure 263
Small intestine 303 Suprarenal gland 382 venous drainage 264
lymphatics 305 arterial supply 384 Thromboangiitis obliterans 130
nerve supply 305 development 385 Thrombosis of inferior vena cava 398
relevant features 303, 304 molecular regulation 385 Tibia 23
Sole of foot 135 dissection 385 Tibiofibular joints 179
deep fascia 136 histology 385 dissection 179
fibrous flexor sheaths 137 left 383 dissection 183
plantar aponeurosis 136 lymphatic drainage 384 interphalangeal 183
lateral plantar artery 144 nerve supply 384 joint cavities of foot 183
branches 145 right 382 metatarsophalangeal 183
lateral plantar nerve 144 subdivisions 382 joints of the foot 180
branches 144 venous drainage 384 calcaneocuboid 181
dissection 144 Supraumbilical median incisions 244 pronation and supination of the foot 183
medial plantar artery 144 Surface and radiological anatomy of lower subtalar 180
branches 144 limb 196 talocalcaneonavicular 180
medial plantar nerve 144 arteries 197 transverse tarsal 182
branches 144 anterior tibial 198 Tracheo-oesophageal fistula 293
muscles of 137 dorsalis pedis 198 Transjugular intraparenchymal
dissection 139 femoral 197 portosystemic shunt (TIPS) 361
first layer 140 inferior gluteal 197 Transplantation of muscle 71
fourth layer 142 lateral plantar 198 Transport of ovum 450
second layer 140 medial plantar 198 Trendelenburg's sign 82, 152
third layer 142 plantar arch 198 Tubal pregnancy 450
plantar arch 145 popliteal 197 Tubectomy 450
branches 145 posterior tibial 198 Tuberculosis of kidney 373
skin 135 profunda femorisy 197 TUR-transurethral resection of prostate 471
superficial fascia 136 superior gluteal 197
dissection 136 miscellaneous structure 201
Spasm of the adductors 69 femoral ring 201 U
Spina bifida 222 flexor retinaculum 201
Spleen 501 inferior extensor retinaculum 201 Undescended testis 264
arterial supply 346 saphenous opening 201 Unilateral paralysis of the diaphragm 391
development 349 superior extensor retinaculum 201 Ureter 374
dimensions 344 radiological anatomy 201 blood supply 376
dissection 344 foot 203 course 375
external features 345 hip 202 development of 378
histology 349 knee 202 molecular regulation of 380
lymphatic drainage 347 veins 199 histology 378
nerve supply 347 femoral vein 199 nerve supply 378
relations 345 great saphenous vein 199 normal constrictions 375
venous drainage 347 small saphenous vein 199 relations 375
Splenectomy 348 Swelling in the inguinal region 154 abdominal part 375
Splenic infarction 348 Sympathetic innervations of lower limb 156 Intravesical part 376
Splenic puncture 348 pelvic part 376
Syringomyelocoele 222
Splenomegaly 348 Ureter in female pelvis 459
Spondylolisthesis 222 Ureteric colic 378
Sprains of medial and lateral ligaments of T Ureteric stone 378
foot 184 Ureteroceles 378
Sprains of the ankle 178 Talipes calcaneus 145, 194 Urethra 438
Stab wounds in thigh 58 Talipes equinus 145, 194 development of 442
Staghorn stones 374 Talipes equinovarus 4, 146, 194 extravasation of urine 441
Sterility 449 Talipes valgus 146, 194 female urethra 441
Stomach 294 Talipes varus 145, 194 male urethra 438
532 HUMAN ANATOMY—LOWER LIMB, ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

micturition 442 transverse cervical ligaments 455 Vertebral system of veins 472
walls of 441 urethral sphincter mechanism 455 anatomy 472
Urinary bladder 434 uterine axis 455 communications and implications 472
arterial supply 436 uterosacral 456 Vessels 504
development of 442 venous drainage 454 abdominal aorta 504
dissection 437 coeliac trunk and its branches 504
external features 434 common iliac artery 504
histology 437 V external iliac artery 504
interior 436 inferior mesenteric artery 505
ligaments of 435 Vagina 457
arterial supply 458 inferior vena cava 505
lymphatic drainage 437 portal vein 505
nerve supply 437 direction 458
fornices 458 superior mesenteric artery 504
relations 434 Viscera 501
venous drainage 436 histology 459
lymphatic drainage 459 appendix 502
Uterine tubes 448
nerve supply 459 ascending colon 502
blood supply 449
relations 458 bile duct 503
course and relations 448
venous drainage 459 caecum 502
dimensions 448
Vaginal examination 460 descending colon 503
histology 449
lymphatic drainage 449 Vaginal lacerations 460 duodenum 502
nerve supply 449 Vaginitis 460 gallbladder 503
subdivisions 448 Varicocoele 265 ileocaecal orifice 502
Uterine, vaginal or rectal prolapse 431 Varicose veins and ulcers 4, 151 kidney 503
Uterus 450 Vasectomy 467 liver 503
arterial supply 453 Veins pancreas 503
cervix of uterus 452 deep external pudendal 58 rectum and anal canal 503
communications 451 inferior mesenteric 329 spleen 501
histology 456 lateral and medial circumflex femoral 58 stomach 501
ligaments of uterus 453 muscular 58 transverse colon 503
lymphatic drainage 454 profunda 58 ureter 504
nerve supply 454 superior mesenteric 328 Visceral pain 405
normal position and angulation 451 the descending genicular 58 Visceroptosis 244
parts of uterus 452 the great saphenous 58
size and shape 451 Venous drainage of lower limb 148
supports of 454 factors helping venous return 148 W
pelvic diaphragm 455 superficial veins 148
perineal body 455 long saphenous 149 Waddling gait 81
pubocervical ligaments 455 perforating 150 Weaver's bottom 15, 113
round ligaments 456 small or short saphenous 150 Weight transmission 5