Well Integrity Management System (WIMS)

Throughout the Well Life Cycle Course

Mahmoud Farag Radwan

Subsurface & Integrity Operations Dept. Head
12:16 June, 2022 – New Cairo, Egypt
 Presenter Name:
Mahmoud Farag Radwan

Mahmoud Radwan is a Subsurface & Integrity Operations Dept. Head at AMAL Petroleum
Company (AMAPETCO) with more than 14 years of experience in oil & gas industry.
Mahmoud worked in Well Engineering, Intervention, Integrity & Work-over at several
Short companies, including KDT Global Solutions, Badr El-Din Pet. Co. (BAPETCO), Qarun Pet.
Biography Co. (QPC), and Wadi El-Sahel Petroleum Co. (WASPETCO).
Also, a freelance instructor at upstream Oil & Gas in Egypt & GCC since 2008.
Mahmoud received a BSc degree in Petroleum Engineering from Al-Azhar University in
2007.
❑ Evaluating Sustainable Annulus Pressure (SAP) in Sour Wells and the Possible
Causes to Avoid Recurrence to the Well Integrity Annual Middle East Conference in
Abu Dhabi; UAE in Apr 2015
❑ Implementing NDT methods for maintenance and inspection to the Asset Integrity
Management North Africa Conference in Cairo; Egypt in Nov 2015
❑ Feasibility Evaluation of Using Downhole Gas-water Separation Technology in gas
Reservoirs with Bottom Water; paper number: SPE-183739-MS to the 20th Middle East
Publications Oil & Gas Show and Conference in Mar 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/183739-MS
❑ Managing the Operational Challenges in Corroded Wells through Well Integrity
Management System to the Improving Brownfield Performance Technical Convention,
in Cairo; Egypt in Dec 2019
❑ Safe and Economic Attractive Rigless Operations Using a Digital Slickline in
Unmanned Platform with Low Structure Loads and Spacing; paper number: SPE-
202857-MS to the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference
(ADIPEC) in Nov 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/183739-MS
 Outlines
❑ Well Integrity Definition
❑ Well Life Cycle
❑ Why is Well Integrity Important?
❑ Well Integrity Failures - Case Histories
❑ Deepwater Horizon Accident
❑ API Series, Norsok D-010 & ISO 16530 part 1 & 2 Standards
❑ Well Integrity Critical Requirements Minimum Standards
❑ Well Integrity Team
❑ Well Construction Principles, Planning & Procedures
❑ Well Control for drilling, Workover & Intervention Theory / Barriers
❑ Wellhead & Xmas Tree Integrity
❑ Annulus Pressure Management
❑ MAASP & MAWOP
❑ Cement Integrity/Quality Evaluation
❑ Corrosion, Erosion and Casing / Tubular integrity
❑ Scale, Paraffin, Hydrate & Sand Control
❑ Key Performance Indicator (KPI)
❑ WIMS Workflow, Policy, Assurance Documentation & Toolkit

Mahmoud Farag Radwan

Well Integrity – What does it all mean?
• There are different definitions of well integrity.
• The most widely accepted definition of well integrity is
given by NORSOK D-010:
“Application of technical, operational and organizational
solutions to reduce risk of uncontrolled release of
formation fluids throughout the life cycle of a well”.
• Another accepted definition is given by ISO T.S 16530-2:
“Containment and the prevention of the escape of fluids
(i.e. liquids or gases) to subterranean formations or
surface’’.

Keep the hydrocarbons in the pipe!

Mahmoud Farag Radwan
Well Integrity is a condition where subsurface fluid are
contained within designed boundaries throughout the well
life-cycle.
“Reduce risk of uncontrolled release of formation fluids”
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
 Why is Well Integrity Important?
A successful WIMS has significant
positive impacts. These include:
• Improved QHSE
• Protection of asset reputation and
rights to operate
• Extended well life and increased
production
• Reduced workover and intervention
costs
• Improved well documentation
• Enhanced cross-organizational
communication
• Enhanced engineering.

Mahmoud Farag Radwan

Mahmoud Farag Radwan
What Are the Outcomes ?
When Process Safety Management (PSM) is not Performed or Goes Wrong

Back to
Home
Safely!
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
Failure Assessment (Cont’d)

Mahmoud Farag Radwan

Mahmoud Farag Radwan
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
 WELL CONTROL THEORY
Barrier Definition:
 Barrier is any device, fluid or substance that prevents flow of
wellbore fluids.

Barrier Classification:
1. Primary Barrier
2. Secondary Barrier
3. Tertiary Barrier

Barrier Requirement :
1. Drilling & Workover – Double Barriers Protection
2. Well Intervention – Triple Barriers Protection

Mahmoud Farag Radwan

 STUFFING BOX

BARRIER TYPE
1. Mechanical Barrier Lubricator

Advantage:
- Reduces formation potential
damage & cost efficient.
BOP

Disadvantage: XMAS TREE

MUD
- Working under pressure.
Tubing
Casing

2. Hydrostatic Barrier DHSV

Advantage:
-Working in dead well. FORMATION FLUID

Disadvantage:
- High potential of formation PACKER
WL PLUG
damage.
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
 WELL CONTROL THEORY
Definition
• Overbalance Greater pressure than formation pressure
• Underbalance Less pressure than formation pressure
• Inflow Test Bleed pressure from ▲ & monitor build-up
• Positive Plug Hold pressure from ▼ & ▲
• Barrier Device, Fluid or Substance that prevent flow of hydrocarbon

Mahmoud Farag Radwan

Mahmoud Farag Radwan
Wellhead API Trim Guide

Mahmoud Farag Radwan

 How to Order
General Wellhead Equipment Data Sheet

Mahmoud Farag Radwan

 Leak Rate Criteria
Leak rates based on API 14 B at 15 SCF / min for gas or 400 cc / min for liquid
The following table shall be used to determine allowable leak rates for valve and down-
hole equipment leaks

Test results below the rates described above are not classed as a leak so test result
and should be assigned a 'Pass'
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
 Types of Annular Pressures
1 Thermal Pressure (TP)
• Wells with fluid filled enclosed annuli will exhibit thermal pressure changes during warm-
up and cool down periods. It is important to recognize this fact and to monitor annulus
pressure closely during start up of new wells. Pressure should not be bled off in this
instance unless MAWOP is breached. It is vital to monitor annulus pressure closely during
initial start up of new wells as pressure can build up rapidly and result in over-pressurized
annuli.
2 Applied Pressure (AP)
• Pressure may be applied on an annulus for various purposes, including gas lift,
compensating for bullheading loads or to assist in annulus monitoring.
• This pressure may also come from pressure containment tests as part of preventative
Subsurface Integrity Test (SIT) activities. Care must be taken to ensure this pressure is
bled down after testing to a suitable value to ensure that thermal pressure does not result
in MAWOP being breached.
3 Sustained Casing Pressure (SCP)
• This pressure comes from a pressure source such as reservoir, adjacent annulus etc and
shall be investigated using the WIMS whenever suspected or where observed pressure
cannot be proven to be either AP or TP.

Mahmoud Farag Radwan

Mud cake leaks
Casing SAP Sources
leak

Well-head leak APB

CSG
Burst
Tensile cracks in cement
caused by temperature Tubing leak
& pressure cycles
Payne - SPE Forum
Low pressure sand
Corrosion Damage
High pressure sand

Underground blowout
Channel caused by flow
after cementing

Figure from “A Review

of Sustained Casing
Pressure (SCP)
Occurring on the OCS”
Micro-annulus caused
by Bourgoyne et al
by casing contraction
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
(March 2000) Harper - KDHE
 Prevention Methods
➢ Preventive Practices for Well Construction &
Production:
▪ Well Planning & Design
▪ Detection & Diagnostics: SAP Sources and
Pathways
▪ SAP Barriers: Mechanical, Cement, Rock &
Chemical Sealants
▪ Thermal APB (Annular Pressure Build-Up):
Avoidance, Prevention & Venting
▪ Well Integrity Testing

Mahmoud Farag Radwan

 Well Cementing Challenges

❑ Poor Hole Condition

❑ Poor Mud Condition
❑ Poor Centralization
❑ Lost Circulation
❑ Gas Migration
❑ Abnormal Pressure
❑ Subnormal Pressure
❑ High Temperature
 Cement Job Guidelines
1. Do Not allow the mud to deteriorate while drilling the section.
Condition if required prior pulling out to run casing

2. Keep the casing Centralised during the job

3. Have a technically good Spacer plan

4. Design the cement slurry properly

5. Displace with Optimum Pump Rates As per Simulation

6. Prevent cement / mud contamination

7. Know the Formation Fracture limits

8. Rotate liners whenever possible

 Cement Quality/Integrity Evaluation
1. Non-petrophysical Methods
❑ Surface cement samples
❑ Pressure / rate / density record
❑ Returns observation
❑ Pressure tests
❑ Leak Off Test (LOT) / Formation Integrity Test (FIT)

2. Petrophysical Methods
❑ Temperature Log
❑ Neutron Log
❑ Acoustic Logs
– Sonic Log (CBL / VDL)
– Ultrasonic Log
– Combination Log
A cement job Mahmoud
qualityFarag assessment
Radwan sheet
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
 CBL-VDL
▪ Tool Configuration
▪ 1 Transmitter & 2 Receivers
▪ 3 ft receiver for CBL measurement
▪ 5 ft receiver for VDL analysis

▪ CBL: Cement Bond Log

▪ Amplitude of first arrival mV
▪ Function of the casing cement bond
▪ VDL: Variable Density Log
▪ Time in µs and function of casing
cement bond and cement formation
bond
 CBL-VDL Log Example
Zone-A:
Excellent cementing and
Bonding.
CB < 10 mV, BI>80%
P & S Formation Arrival
TT Stretching and skipping

Zones-D, C & F:
Good cementing and Bonding.
CB < 10 mV, BI>80%
Slow P arrival, no S Arrival
TT constant at 278 m.s/ft

Zone - E:
Poor cementing and Bonding.
CB > 10 mV, BI <80%
Slow P arrival, no S Arrival
TT constant at 278 m.s/ft

Zone – G:
Bad cementing and Bonding.
CB > 15 mV, BI <50%
Mainly Casing arrivals
Possible double casing
debonding: 7” and 9 5/8”
 Ultrasonic Imager Physics & Measurement

Measurement

Cement images
Acoustic Impedance Thickness and External metal
loss images
Thickness
I.D. and Internal metal loss
Transit time
images
Amplitude of main echo
Images of casing internal
condition
 Ultrasonic Measurements
Isolation Scanner - Flexural attenuation
❑ Azimuthal evaluation of internal tubular, thickness & solids
bond combining pulse echo & flexural measurements
Benefits
▪ Evaluation of lightweight cements
▪ TIE (Third Echo Interface) processing to identify borehole shape &
casing centralisation
▪ Works in greater range of borehole conditions & thick casings
Acoustic Increasing
impedance contamination
8 Neat

Difficult to diagnose with 4

acoustic impedance or
Light
CBL-VDL measurements
2
alone

0 Gas Liquid Cement Contamina ted

cement
 Best Logging Tool to run?
Depends on Objective of evaluation
• Simple Top of Cement only - Amplitude type
measurement
➢ CBL-VDL
• Channel & Gas ID for Zonal Isolation in Neat >13 ppg
Cements
➢ USI
• Contaminated (Gas) Neat Cements or Lighter Slurries
➢ USI or Isolation Scanner

• Lightweight cement evaluation (<11 ppg) or

eccentering evaluations
➢ Isolation Scanner
 MAASP
Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure
❑ MAASP values need to take into account
the current status of the following :
- Burst/collapse/tri-axial rating of the various
tubing and casing strings
- Incorporate any information from pressure
tests, corrosion or casing wear
• Wellhead pressure rating
• Potential for leak off at casing shoe
• Relevant reservoir data
 Triggers & Working Pressure
Casing Burst

MAASP
Watch Out !
MAWOP

50%
Working 100% Blowdown
Pressures Range
50%
Watch Out ! Top-up
MINAP / MINDAP

Zero

Annulus Pressure Management - Triggers

Mahmoud Farag Radwan & Working Pressure
 Maximum Allowable Wellhead
Operating Pressure (MAWOP)
➢ MAWOP from API RP 90 for an annulus is the
lesser of the following:
• 50% of the MIYP of the casing being
evaluated; or
• 80% of the MIYP of the next outer casing;
or
• 75% of the MCP of the inner tubular pipe
body
• The outermost pressure-containing casing
MAWOP can not exceed 30% of its MIYP
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
 MAWOP Example
API RP 90
50% 75% 80% %
Annulus MIYP Collapse MIYP Collapse MIYP MWOP MIYP
PSIG PSIG PSIG PSIG PSIG PSIG
Prod Tubing 3.5", 12.9#, L-80 15,000 15,310 11,483 N/A
"A" 7 5/8",39#, Q-125 14,340 12,060 7,170 9,045 7,170 50%
"B" 9 5/8", 53.5#, Q-125 12,390 8,440 6,195 6,330 9,912 2,760 22%
"C" 13 3/8", 68#, K-55 3,450 1,950 1,725 1,463 2,760 1,725 50%
"D" 18 5/8", 87.5#, K-55 2,250 630 1,125 1,800 675 30%
 Management of Change (MOC)
The direct and underlying cause of many incidents is the
failure to properly recognize and/or manage change.

Management of Change (MOC) falls into three broad

categories, these being:

• Program change

• Work instruction change

• Equipment change

Mahmoud Farag Radwan

Mahmoud Farag Radwan
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
Why Evaluate Pipe Integrity?
• Early knowledge of corrosion/PI problems can help in:
- minimizing/removing the source
- implementing preventive measures
• Precise identification of failure can minimize repair
expense
• Remedial action can be taken before the well is
seriously damaged
• Optimization of Workover Programs for maximum
efficiency
• An understanding of the corrosion pattern may help in
optimizing the completion design
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
 Plugging and Abandonment (P&A) Regulations
❑ Most countries have their own regulations in place. Modern regulatory standards
require specific provisions for plugging and documenting oil and gas wells before
they are abandoned. Plugging and abandonment (P&A) regulations vary to some
degree among countries, but all regulations prescribe the depth intervals which must
be cemented as well as the materials that are allowable in plugging practices.
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
 WIMS Workflow
Action Items
Kick-off Meeting & Presentation
Answering on WIMS Questionnaire
..\..\WIMS Sheets & Docs\WIMS Questionnaire.xlsx
Gap Analysis
Well Integrity Management Policy / Strategy
* Accountability & Responsibility

* Wellhead, Xmas Tree & SSSV Testing & Maintenance

* Well Risk Assessment Criteria

* Annulus Management

Well Integrity Assurance Management System

Well Integrity Contingency Plan

Well Integrity Report Template
Mahmoud Farag Radwan
Well Integrity Checklists & Routine Testing Format
 Well Integrity KPI Definition

Is the outcome of good design, drilling, workover,

intervention and operating practices. It requires the
integrated management of Barriers designed to reduce
the risks associated with Major Accident and
Environmental Events. Such Barrier management
addresses all stages of the well lifecycle. It also
addresses the behavior and training of people and the
suitability and correct application of processes used
in conjunction with these activities

Mahmoud Farag Radwan

Thank You