Definite integral of the form:

Z ∞
G(sin mx, cos mx)F (x)dx m > 0.
−∞
For this form, we also consider a contour C consisting of the line
along the real axis from −R to +R and the semi circle Γ above the
x-axis having this line as its diameter. The integrand H(z) is of the
form:
H(z) = eimz f (z)
where m > 0.
Example 28
Evaluate Z ∞
cos x
dx m > 0.
0 x2 + 1
Note that f (x) is even. Consider
eimz
I
dz
z2 + 1
in C. The poles of the integrand are at z = ±i and are simple. Only
z = i lies in C.
Hence
Residue at z = i

(z − i)eimz e−m
 
= lim = .
z−→i (z − i)(z + i) 2i
Then

eimz e−m
I
2+1
dz = 2πi + πe−m
C z 2i
Z R imx
eimz
Z
e
2+1
dx + 2+1
dz = πe−m
−R x Γ z
Z R Z R
eimz
Z
cos mx sin mx
2+1
dx + i 2+1
dx + 2+1
dz = πe−m
−R x −R x Γ z
Z R
cos mx
⇒ 2+1
dx = πe−m
−R x
Since f (x) is even
Z R
cos mx π
2
dx = e−m .
0 x +1 2
1
2

Example 29
Evaluate Z ∞
x sin πx
dx.
−∞ x2+ 2x + 5
Consider
zeiπz
I
2
dz.
C z + 2z + 5
The poles of the integrand are at z = −1 ± 2i and are simple. How-
ever, only z = −1 + 2i lies in C. Hence
Residue at z = −1 ± 2i

(z + 1 − 2i)zeiπz
 
= lim
z−→−1+2i (z + 1 − 2i)(z + 1 + 2i)
(−1 + 2i)e−iπ−2π
=
4i
so that

zeiπz 2πi(−1 + 2i)e−iπ−2π

I
π
2
dz = = (1 − 2i)e−2π
C z + 2z + 5 4i 2
Z R Z R
zeiπz
Z
x cos πx x sin πx π
2 + 2x + 5
dx+i 2 + 2x + 5
dx+ 2 + 2z + 5
dz = (1−2i)e−2π
−R x −R x Γ z 2
Taking limit as R −→ ∞, noting that the integral over Γ is zero,
and equating real and imaginary parts, we have:
Z ∞
x cos πx π
2
dx = e−2π
−∞ x + 2x + 5 2
Z ∞
x sin πx
2
dx = −πe−2π .
−∞ x + 2x + 5