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AMINES
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
AMINES
by Dr. M.K. JAIN (HOD- CHEMISTRY)
v. By Reductive Amination of carbonyl compounds?

Preparation
1. Ammonolysis of alkyl halides (Hofmann's Method) :

2. Ammonolysis of alkanols :

4. By Hydrolysis :
3. Reduction (i) Hofmann's Bromamide reaction :

(i) By nitroalkanes :

(ii) Gabriel phthalimide reaction :

(ii) By Alkyl cyanides (Mendius Reaction) :

(iii)By Oximes :

(iv)By Acid Amides :

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Chemical Properties
(i) Basic nature of amines :

(iii) Alkyl isocyanides :

(iv) Alkyl Isocyanates (Wurtz Method) :

(v) Leuckart reaction :

(vi) Ritter reaction :

(vii) Lossen rearrangement :

(viii) Schmit reaction :

(ix) Curtius reaction :

(ii) Reaction with water :

Physical Properties
(i) Solubility :

(ii) Boiling point

(iii) Alkylation :
Explaination :

(iv) Acetylation :

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(v) Benzoylation : (Schotten-Baumann reaction)

(vi) Acidic behaviour :

(vii) With Grignard's reagent :

(viii) With Tilden's reagent :

(ix) With Hinsberg's reagent :

(b) Secondary amines :

(x) With Phenyl isocyanate :

(c) Tertiary amines :

(xi) Mannich reaction :

0 0 0
(xvi) Distinction between 1 ,2 and 3 amines :
(a) Reaction with HNO2:
(Xii) Hofmann's Mustard oil reaction (HMO reaction)

(xiii) With aldehydes :

(b) Reaction with benzene sulphon yl chloride :

(xiv) Hofmann carbylamine reaction (Isocyanide test) :

(xv) Oxidation
(a) Primary amines :

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(c) Reaction with diethyloxalate (Hofmann's method) (ii) Halogenation :

ANILINE (iii) Nitration :

Methods of Preparation
(i) Lab method :

(ii) Industrial method :

Reactions
(i) Catalytic hydrogenation :

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(iv) Sulphonation :

(v) Coupling reaction :

(vi) Reaction with phosgene :

(x) Oxidation :

(vii) Reaction with CS2+ Solid KOH :

(viii) Arylation :

Test for Aniline :

(ix) Diazotization :

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Uses :
(iv) By the dehydration of aldoximes :

Resonance in Aniline and related points (v) From Primary amines :

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties
(i) Hydrolysis :

(ii) Reduction :

(b) Stephen's reaction :

(c) Mendius reaction

CYANIDES AND ISOCYANIDES
Preparation
(i) From alkyl halides :
(iii) Reaction with Grignard reagent :

(ii) From acid amides :

(iii) From Grignard reagent : (iv) Ethanolysis :

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ISOCYANIDES
Preparation

(i) From alkyl halides :

(ii) From primary amines (carbylamine reaction) : ETHYL NITRITE (C2H5-O-N=O)

1. Preparation
(i) By adding conc. HCl or sulphuric acid to an
aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and ethyl alcohol.

(iii) From N-alkyformamide :

(ii) By the action of N2O3 on ethanol :

(iii) By the reaction between ethyl iodide and potassium nitrite.

Physical Properties
2. Properties

Chemical Properties
(i) Hydrolysis :
3. Uses

(ii) Reduction :
NITRO ALKANE

(iii) Action of heat :

(iv) Addition reactions :

Preparation
(i) From alkyl halides :

ALKYL NITRITES AND NITROALKANES

(ii)By direct nitration of alkanes :

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Properties
Uses
(i)

(ii) Reduction :
NITROBENZENE

(iii) Action of nitrous acid :

METHODS OF PREPARATION
(i) By Nitration of Benzene (Laboratory Method)

(ii) By Oxidation of Aniline :

(iv) Halogenation :

Physical properties

Chemical reactions
(1) Reactions due to Nitro group
(v) Hydrolysis :

(a) Reduction in acidic medium :

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(b) Neutral medium :

(c) Alkaline medium :

(d) Electrolytic reduction :

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(c) Catalytic reaction : (3) Nucleophilic substitution reactions :

(f) Reduction by Lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) :

(2) Electrophilic substitution reaction due to benzene ring :

Test of Nitrobenzene : (Mulliken and Barker test)

Uses

MISCELLANEOUS SOLVED EXAMPLES

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 Daily Practice Problems

TARGET : IIT-JEE / NEET

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 SOLUTION

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