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Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids (/chemistry/aldehydes-ketones-carboxylic-

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Preparation of Ketones

What are Ketones?

Ketones constitute anHiimportant

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class of organic compounds containing the
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carbonyl group.

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The removal of the alcohol, resulting from the reduction of a cheap aldehyde or ketone
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corresponding carbonyl compound.

Table of Contents
List of Preparation of Ketones

Preparation of Ketones from Acyl Chlorides

Preparation of Ketones from Nitriles

Preparation of Ketones from Benzenes or Substituted Benzenes

Preparation of Ketones by Dehydrogenation of Alcohols

Recommended Videos

FAQs

List of Preparation of Ketones

Ketones are an organic compounds containing carbonyl groups (C=O). The general
formula for a ketone is R(C=O)R’, where R and R’ can be alkyl or aryl groups. They are
classified into two categories by their substituents: symmetrical ketones (when two
identical groups are attached to the carbonyl group) and asymmetrical ketones (when
two different groups are appended to the carbonyl group). Many methods exist for the
preparation of ketones at industrial scale and in laboratories. Standard methods include
oxidation of alcohol, hydrocarbons, etc. Some general methods for the preparation of
ketones are explained below:

1. Preparation of Ketones from Acyl Chlorides

Acyl chlorides upon treatment with Grignard reagent
(https://byjus.com/chemistry/grignard-reagent/) and a metal halide, yield ketones. For
example: when cadmium chloride is reacted with the Grignard reagent, dialkyl cadmium is
formed. Dialkylcadmium thus formed is further reacted with acyl chlorides to form ketones.

2. Preparation of Ketones from Nitriles

Treatment of nitriles with Grignard reagent upon further hydrolysis yields ketones.
 preparation of ketones

3. Preparation of Ketones from Benzenes or Substituted Benzenes

Electrophilic aromatic substitution of a benzene ring with acid chlorides in the presence of
a Lewis acid such as AlCl3 results in the formation of ketones. This reaction is popularly
known as Friedel Craft’s acylation reaction.

preparation of ketones

4. Preparation of Ketones by Dehydrogenation of Alcohols

Dehydrogenation of alcohol is a reaction in which two hydrogen molecules are removed
from an alcohol molecule upon oxidation. During oxidation
(https://byjus.com/chemistry/oxidation-and-reduction/) of alcohol both C-O and O-H
bonds are broken for the formation of C=O bonds. Secondary alcohols in the presence of
strong oxidizing agents undergo dehydrogenation to produce ketones.

For example: when vapours of secondary alcohols are passed over heated copper at 573 K,
ketones are produced due to the dehydrogenation. Tertiary alcohols upon oxidation
undergo dehydration in place of dehydrogenation. Hence, alkenes
(https://byjus.com/chemistry/chemical-properties-of-alkenes/) are manufactured in the
case of tertiary alcohols.

preparation of ketones

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Carbonyl Compounds
 7,385

FAQs
1. How do you identify a ketone?
Ans: The iodoform test shows the presence of an aldehyde or ketone in which a methyl
group is one of the groups directly attached to the carbonyl carbon. A ketone like this is
considered a ketone of methyl.

2. How do you test for ketones in chemistry?

Ans: Use Tollens ‘ reagent (the silver mirror test) to conduct the experiment, add a few
drops of aldehyde or ketone to the freshly prepared reagent, and steam gently for a few
minutes in a hot water tub. A grey silver precipitate or a silver mirror on the test tube is
formed by the colourless solution.

3. Do ketones give Fehling’s test?

Ans: The substance to be checked is added to the solution of the Fehling and heats the
mixture. Aldehydes are oxidized, but ketones do not react unless they are alpha-hydroxy-
ketones. Fehling’s can be used for blood glucose monitoring to diagnose diabetes.

4. Do ketones give Schiff’s test?

Ans: Schiff’s reagent A reagent used for aldehyde and ketone testing; it consists of a
sulphur dioxide decolourised fuchsin dye solution. Aliphatic aldehydes quickly recover the
colour, whereas the reagent is not affected by aromatic ketones.

5. What is Schiff’s reagent formula?

Ans: Schiff reagent is used to detect aldehyde and ketonic group existence. It consists of
sulphurous acid decolorized fuchsin dye. The sudden presence of a red/pink colour
identifies an aliphatic aldehyde. It takes time for aliphatic ketones and aromatic aldehydes
to bloom in a slowly pink colour.

For detailed discussions on different methods of preparations, please visit BYJU’S – The
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