34

MtG CBSE Champion

Previous Years' CBSE Board Questions

Chemistry Clas
2.1 Electrochemical Cells Consider the following standard
8
electrode
MCQ
An
cell electrochemical cell behaves like an
values
Sn2oal t 2e-’ Sn E = -0.14V potentia
when
electrolytic Fe odl te’ Feo ° =+0.77 V
(a) Ecell = and
What is the cell reaction
potential for
Eexternal
(c) Eexternal >Ecell (b) Ecell 0 spontaneous reaction that OCcurs?
the
(d) Eexternal Ecell (a) 2Fe2*,lag)+Sn2+(ag) ’2Fe3tlag) +Sn) :
(2020) R
(b) 2Fe3,laq +Sns ’2Fe2+ (ag) + Sn2+ E° =-0.91V
SA I (2 marks)
2
Give two points of E° =+0.91V
electrochemical and electrolyticdifferences
cells. between (c) 2Fe2,lag)+ Sn2loq)’2Fe3+(aq) +Sn:
(2/5, 2020) R (d) 2Fe3 lag) + Sng ’ 2Fe2+ lag) + Sn2+ E =+0.91v
3
Define
electrochemical
external potential applied
cell. What happens if lag)
of electrochemical cell? becomes greater than Ecell E° =
+1.68 V
2.2 Galvanic Cells
(Al2019, 2/5, Al 2016) U
SAI (2 marks) (2023)
9, Calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 v.
MCQ Fe, |Fe(0.01 M)|| H(IM) lH2g) (1 bar), Pt,
4
The correct cell to Given Eell =0.44 V.
is represent the following reaction í0. Calculate A,G° for the cell reaction at 25°C: (2023)
Zn + Zn|Zn|Cd* |Cd
(a) 2Ag | Ag || Zn2Ag’Zn*
+ 2Ag
| Zn²* (b) Ag* |Ag || ZnZn Given that :Ezn2+/Z, -0.76 V,
(c) Ag |Ag* || Zn | Zn* (d) Zn | Zn I| E'ca2+/Ca = 0/.40 V, 1F =96500 Cmol 1
Ag | Ag M Write the Nernst equation for the following(2023)
cal
(2023) reaction:
5 If the
standard electrode potential of an Zn + Cuo ’ Zno t Cus
greater than zero, then we can infer that electrode
its
is
How will the Erel be affected when concentration of
(a) reduced form is more (0) Cu* ions is increased and
stable compared to
(b)
hydrogen gas (iü) Znions is increased? (Term lI,2021-22)
oxidised form is more stable compared to 12 For anelectrochemical cell
hydrogen gas
(c) reduced and oxidised forms are MB) + Ag'(og)Ags + Mgoa
(d) reduced form is less stable thanequally stable. give the cell representation. Also write the Nernst
the hydrogen equation for the above cell at 25°C.
13. Calculate the emf of the following cell at 25°C:(2020)
gas.
(2020) U
Al JA (0-001 M) ||Ni(0.1 M) |Nis)
2.3 Nernst Equation Given: ENe'N=-025 V
E(A'A) =-1-66 V
MCQ [log 2 =0-3010, log 3 =0-4771] (2019) E
6 AG and EPel for a spontaneous reaction will be 14. Calculate A,G° for the reaction:
(a) positive, negative (b) negative, negative M89 +CufoaM8ag) +Cus)
(c) negative, positive (d) positive, positive. Given Eel =+2.71 V, 1F= 96500 Cmol
(2023) (2/3,A1 2014) Ap
7
Agioa) e’Ag
t : E° = +0.80 V 15. Equilitbrium constant (K,) for the given cell reaction is
10. Calculate Erel:
Fefol + 2e’Fes):
Find the Ecell for :
£° = -0.44 V
As +B(aq) -Ao) t Brs (2/3,Foreign 2014)
Fes) t 2Ag ioa)’Fea +2A8d SA I (3 marks)
(a) 1.6 V (b) -1.16 V (c) 2.04 V (d) 1.24 V 16. Write the Nernst equation and calculate the
emf of
(2023) the following cell at 298 K:
 35
Electrochenmistry
(1 bar) | Pt 2AgCly +Haa (1 atm) ’ 2Ag +2H"(0.1 M)
Zn| Zn (0.001 M) ||H* (0.01 M)|Hag
=0.00V, [log 10 =1] +2CI(0.1 M)
Given:E,2*Zo = -0.76 V, EH,
AG° = - 43600 J at 25 °C.
(Term lI, 2021-22, Foreign 2015) Cr Calculate the e.m.f. of the cel. (log 10= -n)
the following cell: (3/5, 2018)
17. Calculate a,G° and log K for
Nijg +2ABog) ’ Nigg t+ 2Ag)96,500 Cmol1 25. Calculate e.m.f. of the following cell at 298 K.
2Cria+3Fe(0.1M)’2Cr*(0.01M) +3Fe,a
Given that EPl = 1.05 V, 1F = (Term II, 2021-22) Given:Eic3/C) =-0.74 V, EF2Fe)-0.,44 V
OR (Delhi 2016)
Calculate the maximum work and logk, for the given 26. Calculate Ecell for the following reaction at 298 K
reaction at 298 K :
2Al +3C(0.01M) -’2A(0.01M) + 3Cua
Nig + 2ABiog) Niag) +2AB) Given: Ere = 1.98 V (3/5,AI 2016)
Given:EN2*/N -0.25 V, EAgAg =+0.80 V 27. Calculate the standard cell potential of the galvanic
1F = 96500 C
mol-1 (2020)
OR
cell in which the following reaction takes place:
Fefog) +ABio) ’Feaa) + ABs
For the cell reaction, Calculate the A,G and equilibrium constant of the
Ni NifadllABiog)lAg) reaction.
Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25°C. How
much maximum work would be obtained by
operation of this cell? (EAg'IAE -0.80V:Ep' =077(3/5,V) Delhi 2015C)U
EN'N-0.25 Vand E =0.80V
Ag*/Ag 28. Calculate the emf of following cell at 298 K:
(3/5, Delhi 2015C) Mg.|Mg(0.1 M) I|Cu(0.01 MCu
following cell at 298K: (Given:Eell=+ 2.71 V, 1 F= 96500 C mol ]
18. Calculate the e.m.f. of the (3/5, Delhi 2014)
Fera|Fe* (0.001 M) I|H (0.01 M)|Hag (1 bar) | Pt
Given that Epel +0,44 V 29. Estimate the minimum potential difference needed
[log 2 =0.3010, log 3=0.4771, log 10 = 1] to reduce Al,O, at 500°C. The Gibbs energy change
(Term lI, 2021-22) Ev for the decomposition reaction,
OR 2
A;0,’Al-O, is 960 kJ. (F= 96500 Cmol)
Calculate emf of the following cell at 25°C: (3/5.Delhi 2014C)
FelFe (0.001 M)||H'(0.01 M)J|H2(1 bar)| Ptg
EFeFe) = -0.44 V, EHH)= 0.00 V (Delhi 2015) LA (5 marks)
19. Calculate AG° for the reaction, 30. Eeli for the given redox reaction is 2.71V.
Zng + Cute ’Zn2t.lag) +Cus M8+Cu(0.01M) ’Mg(0.001M) +Cus
Given: E° for Zn*/Zn = -0.76 V and Calculate Ereli for the reaction. Write the direction of
E° for Cu*/Cu = +0.34 V
R=8.314JK- mol, 1F= 96500 C mol1 flowof current when an externalopposite potentiaB
applied is
(3/5,2020) (i) less than 2.71V and
20. Calculate e.m.f of the following cell: (ii) greater than 2.71 V (Delhi 2019)
Znvel Zn (0.1 M)|Ag(0.01 M)| Ags 31. Calculate e.m.f and AG for the following cell
Given:Ez= -0.76V,EAg' Ag +0.80V Mgo|Mg? (0.001 M) I| Cu (0.0001 M)|Cug
(Given: log 10 = 1] (3/5, 2020)
EMe'Me-237 V.EC?Cu =+0.34 V
21. Calculate A,G° and log K, for the following reaction. (NCERT. AI 2015)
Cdfoa) i Zng’Zno)+t Cdis
Given:Eec=-0.403V:E20=-0.763V
(AI2019) Ap 2.4 Conductance of Electrolytic
22. Zinc rod is dipped in 0-01 Msolution of zinc sulphate Solutions
when temperature is 298 K. Calculate the electrode
potential of zinc. MCQ
(Given: Ez2Z == -0-76 V; log 10 = 1) (2019C) Ev 32. The unit of molar conductivity is
(a) Scmmol 1 (b) S cm mol1
23. Write the cell reaction and calculate the e.m.f. of the (c) Scm² mol1 (d) Scm² mol (2023)
following cellat 298 K.
Sng | Sn² (0.004 M) || H°(O.020 M) | Hz| (1 bar) |Ptg 33. Assertion (A) : Conductivity of an electrolyte
increases with decrease in concentration.
(Given:ESn'/S =-0.14 V) (3/5, 2018) U Reason (R) : Number of ions per unit voBume
24. For the reaction, decreases on dilution.
 36
MtG CBSE Champion ChemistryClass
43 Answerthefollowingqquestions (Any two):
(a) Both Assertion (A) and alternating current used
Reason (R) are (a) Why is
Correct statements, and Reason (R)
IS the correct explanation of the
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason Assertion (A).
(R) are Correct
direct current
for
electrolyticsolution?
(b) State
measuring
Kohlrausch'slaw resis
ofindependenttains
ncetead of

(C)
statements, but Reason (R) is not the correCt
explanation of the Assertion (A).
Assertion (A) is correct. but Reason (R) is wrong
of ion.
Depict the Galvanic cell in which
(c) reaction takes place:
M8ag) + Cu
the
foloi
rigratia
statement. M89 +Cupoa)’
(d) Assertion (A) is wrong. but Reason (R) is correct
statement. (2020) An X and Yare
two
(Term l , 2021-22
electrolytes. On
VSA (1 mark)
34. Give reason:
44,
conductivity of 'X increases 2.5 times
Yincreases 25
times. Which of the two dilutioiswhnile moltha)a
a
electrolyte and why? wea
Conductivity of CH,COOH decreases on dilution.
35. Define limiting molar
(1/5, 2018) U
conductivity, Why
45. In the plot
root of
of molar
concentration (cconductivity
(Am) (2/5,2020,
cV2),fol owing curVSvesSquarare
of an electrolyte solution decreasesconductivity obtained for two electrolytes Aand B
with the
decrease in concentration? (1/2, Delhi 2015)
OR
Define the following term:
Limiting molar conductivity (1/5, Delhi 2014)
36. State Kohlrausch's law of independent 8

ions.Write its one migration of

application. (1/2,Foreign 2015) Answer the following:
Define the following term:
OR () Predict the nature of electrolytes Aand R
(i) What happens on extrapolation of Am to
Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions. concentration approaching zero for

37. Define the following term:

(1/5, Delhi 2015C) R Aand B?
46 Explain with a graph, the variation of
electrolytes
(2/5, Delhi 2019)
Molar conductivity (Am (1/5,Delhi 2015C) conductivity of astrong electrolyte with dilutionmolar
SAI (2 marks) (2019)
38. On diluting two electrolytes 'A' and 'B. then A, 47. Calculate the degree of dissoCiation (a) of acetic acia
of A' if its molar conductivity (Am) is 39.05 Scmmol1
increases 25 times while that of 'B increases by 1.5
times. Which of the two electrolytes is strong? Justify (Given: °(H) =349.68 Scm'moland
your answer graphically. (2023)
2(CH,CO0) =40.9 Scm² mol ) (Delhi 2017)
39. (i) State Kohlrausch's law of 48. Define the term degree of dissociation. Write an
independent migration
of ions. expression that relates the molar conductivity of a
(ii) Calculate the degree of weak electrolyte to its degree of dissociation,
dissociation (a) of
CH,COOH if Am and A of CH,COOH are 48 (2/5, Delhi 2015C)
S cm mol and 400 S cm mol 49. Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the
respectively. solution of an electrolyte. Discuss their variation
(Term lIl, 2021-22) with concentration.
40. The (NCERT, 2/5, Al 20150)
conductivity of 0.001 M acetic acid is 50. State Kohlrausch law of independent migration
7.8 x 10S cm.Calculate its degree of
if A, for acetic acid is 390 S cm mol
dissociation of ions. Why does the conductivity of a solution
decrease with dilution? (AI 2014)
(Term Il, 2021-22) Ap 51. Define the terms conductivityand molar conductivity
41. In a plot of A,m against the square root of concentration for the solution of an electrolyte. Comment on their
(C) for strong and weak electrolyte, the value of variation with temperature.
limiting molar conductivity of a weak electrolyte (Delhi, Al 2014C) U
cannot be obtained graphically. Suggest a way to obtain 52. The resistance of 0.01 M NaCl solution at 25°C is
this value. Also state the related law, if any. 200 2. The cell constant of the conductivity cel
(Term l, 2021-22) EV used is unity. Calculate the molar conduciivity of the
solution. (2/3, Al 20140)
42. Answer the following questions (Any two):
(a) Define molar conductivity (A,m). SA (3 marks)
(b) Write the unit of Am: 53. (a) The standard Gibbs energy
(c) How does Am vary with concentration? (A,G) for the
(Term l.2021-22 C)
following cell reaction is -300 kJ mol:
Zng +2Ag ’ Znfad +2Ags)

Electrochemistry
Calculate Egel for the reaction.
(Given: 1F = 96500 C mol )
(b) Calculate for MgCl, if )° values for Mg
mol
ion and CI ion are 106 S cm
76.3 S cm molrespectively. (Term l, 2021-22)
0.001 mol L solution of
54. The conductivity of 10ScmCalculate
CH,COOH is 3.905 x its molar
dissociation (a).
conductivity and degree of
(Given:)° (H") =349.6S cm moland2°CH,COO)
= 40.9 S cm mol
(Term lI, 2021-22C, 3/5, Al 2016)
methanoic acid is
55. Conductivity of 2 x 10 M
8x 10Scm.Calculate its molar conductivity and
degree of dissociation if A for methanoic acid is
404 S cm mol1 (2020)
which
56. Out of the following pairs, predict with reason
pair will allow greater conduction of electricity.
(i) Silver wire at 30°C or silver wire at 60C.
(ü) 0.1 M CH,COOH solution or 1 M CH,COOH
solution.
(ii) KCI solution at 20 °C or KCl solution at 50 °C.
(3/5, 2020)
of 0.05 M KOH
57. The electrical resistance of a column
solution of length 50 cm and area of cross-section
0.625 cm² is 5 x 1o ohm. Calculate its resistivity,
conductivity and molar conductivity. (3/5, 2020)
58. (a) Following reaction takes place in the cell:
Zn +Ag20s) +H,Ou’Znfg) + 2Ags +20Hiod)
Calculate A,G° of the reaction.
[Given: Ez2*Zn)= -0.76 V,
-o
EAg'/Ag) = 0-80 V, 1F=96.500 Cmol1]
(b) How can you determine limiting molar
conductivity, (A) for strong electrolyte and
weak electrolyte ? (2019)
59. The conductivity of 0.20 mol L solution of KCl is
2.48 x 10S cm, Calculate its molar conductivity
and degree of dissociation ().
Given:° (K") =73,5 Scm mol and
2 (CT) - 76.5 S cm mol1 (AI2015)
60. Resistance of a conductivity cell filled with 0.1 mol L
KClsolution is 100S2. If the resistance of the same cell
when filled with 0.02 molL KCI solution is 520 S2,
calculate the conductivity and molar conductivity
of 0.02 mol L KCI solution. The conductivity of
0.1 mol L'KCI solution is 1.29x 10 ' cm.
(3/5, AI 2014) Ap
LA (4/5 marks)
61. Rahul set up an experiment to find resistance of
aqueous KCl solution for different concentrations
at 298 K using a conductivity cell connected to a
Wheatstone bridge. He fed the Wheatstone bridge
with a.c. power in the audio frequency range 550
to 5000 cycles per second. Once the resistance
was calculated from null point he also calculated
the conductivity k and molar conductivity Am and
recorded his readings in tabular form.
37
S.No. Conc. (M) K(S cm) A, (S cm² mol)
111.3 x 10 111.3
1 1.00
and
2 0.10 12.9 x 103 129.0
1.41 x 10-3 141.0
3 0.01
Answer the following questions:
(a) Why does conductivity increase though the
conductivity decrease with dilution?
(b) If A,2 of KCI is 150.0 S cm mol, calculate the
degree of dissociation of 0.01 M KCI.
(c) If Rahul had used HCIinstead to KCI then would you
expect the A, values to be more or less than those
per KCl for a given concentration. Justify. (2023)
62. Read the passage given below and answer the
questions that follow:
Oxidation-reduction reactions are commonly known
as redox reactions. They involve transfer of electrons
from one species to another. In a spontaneous
reaction, energy is released which can be used to
do useful work. The reaction is split into two half
reactions. Two different containers are used and
a wire is used to drive the electrons from one side
to the other and a voltaic/galvanic cell is created.
It is an electrochemical cell that uses spontaneous
redox reactions to generate electricity. A salt bridge
also connects to the half cells. The reading of the
voltmeter gives the cell voltage or cell potential or
electromotive force. If E ell is positive the reaction
is spontaneous and if it is negative the reaction is
non-spontaneous and is referred to as electrolytic
cell. Electrolysis refers to the decomposition of a
substance by an electric current. One mole of electric
charge when passed through a cell will discharge half
a mole of a divalent metal ion such as Cu*. This was
first formulated by Faraday in the form of laws of
electrolysis.
The conductance of material is the property of
materials due to which a material allows the flow
of ions through itself and thus conducts electricity.
Conductivity is represented by k and it depends upon
nature and concentration of electrolyte, temperature
etc. A more common term molar conductivity of a
solution at a given concentration is conductance
of the volume of solution containing one mole of
electrolyte kept between twO electrodes with the
unit area of cross-section and distance of unit length.
Limiting molar conductivity of weak electrolytes
cannot be obtained graphically.
Zinc Plate Silver Plate
Salt bridge
Agiol
Zniod)
 ChampionC
WtG CBSE Chemistry Class 12
38 69. Following reactions ocCur at cathode during the
aqueous silver chloride
(a) Is silver plate the anode or cathode?
(b) What will happen if the salt bridge is removed :
electrolysis of
’A8s E° = +0.80V solution
Ag (og) te
(c) When does electrochemical cell behave like an
electrolytic cell ?
E= 0.00V
H'a) te’ Hag), standard reduction
(d) (i) What will happen to the concentration of
Zn2* and Ag* when Ecell -0.
() Why does conductivity of a solution
Onthe basis
potential
of their
(E)values, which reaction is feasible at the
(AI2017C, 1/2, Delhi
electrode
reduction2015)
cathodeand why?
decreases with dilution ? required for the
How much charge is
OR
(d) The molar conductivity of a 1.5 Msolution of
70.
1molofZn
toZn?
reactions occur at cathode
(Delhi 2015)
an electrolyte is found to be 138.9 S cm mol. Following copper(|1)) chloride during the
Calculate the conductivity of this solution.
(Term lI, 2021-22)
71.
electrolysisof aqueous E° =+0.34 V
Cuo +2e’Cu9
esollution;
E° =0.00V
ó3. () The electrical resistance of a column of
0-02 M NaOH solution of diameter 1-40 cm and On the basis of their standard reduction electrode
length 44 cm is 5-00 x 10 ohm. Calculate its potential(E)values, which reactionissfeasible at the
resistivity, conductivity and molar conductivity. (1/2, Foreign 2015)
cathode and why?
(ii) Depict the galvanic cell in which the reaction electrolysis
takes place: Faraday's first law of
72. State the (Delhi 2015C)
Nig) + 2Agog -’Nig +2Ags)
Further show:
() Which of the electrodes is positively charged? SAI (2 marks)
(i) The carriers of the current in the outer circuit.
73. () What
should be the signs (positive/negative
(2021C)An for a spontaneous redox reaction
for Ecell and AG°standard conditions?
64. (a) Represent the cell in which the following reaction Occurring under
electrolysis. (20291
takes place: (ii) State Faraday's first law of
2Al + 3Ni (0-1 M)’ 2AI* (0-01 M) +3Ni) of electrolysis of an
Calculate its emf if EPl = 1-41 V. 74. Predict the products platinum electrodes. aqueous
(b) How does molar conductivity vary with increase solution of CuCl, with
inconcentration for strong electrolyte and weak (Given:E cCu'C =+0.34 V.
electrolyte ? How can you obtain limiting molar E(v2CyC) =+1.36 V
+1.23 V)
conductivity (A) for weak electrolyte? (2019) EH'H, Pt =0.00 V, E(v20,/H,0) = (2/5, 2020)
2.5 Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis electrolysis in each of the
75. Predict the products of
following:
Pt electrode
MCQ (a) An agueous solution of CUSO4 with electrode
with Pt
65. Four half reactions I to IV are shown below: (b) An aqueous solution of AgNOg
I. 2CI’Clh +2e (20200)
reduce 3 moles
I. 40H ’0, +2H,0+ 2e 76. How many seconds does it require to
III. Na* +e’Na
of Fe to Fewith 2A current?
IV. 2H*+ 2eH (Given: 1 F= 96500C mol) (2020C)
Which two of these reactions are most likely to occur cathode and anode
77. Following reactions may occur at
when concentrated brine is electrolysed? during electrolysis of aqueous sodium
chloride.
(a) Iand I|I (b) land IV
cathode?
(c) Iland il| (d) Iland IV (2023) What products will be held at anode and
Use given E° values to justify your answer.
E° =-2.71V
VSA (1 mark) Cathode: Najgd) t e- Nas)
66. How much charge in terms of Faraday is required to
1 E° =0-00V
(2020) Ev Hio) +e ’Ha
reduce one mol of MnO, to Mn*?
Anode: Cljd)’lg) +e E° =+1-36 V
67. How many coulombs are required for the oxidation
of 1 mol of H,0 to O,? (One word, 2020) 2H,Ota0) ’O29 +4H" +4e E =+ 1-23 V
(2019) Ap
68. Give reason :
On the basis of E values, O, gas should be liberated 78. Calculate the mass of Ag deposited at cathode when
at anode but it is Cl, gas which is liberated in
the a current of 2 ampere was passed through a solution
electrolysis of aqueous NaCl. (1/5, 2018)(U) of AgNO for 15 minutes.
 39
Electrochemistry

(Given: Molar mass of Ag = 108 g mol LA (5 marks)

migration
1F=96500 C mol) (2/3, Delhi 2017)
86. (0) State Kohlrausch's
law of independent
How much expression for the limiting molar
79 State Faraday's first law of electrolysis. of ions. Write an to Kohlrausch's
charge in terms of Faraday is required for the conductivity of acetic acid according
reduction of 1 mol of Cu to Cu? (2/5, Delhi 2014) law.
maximum work and log K, for the
between (10) Calculate the
80. A solution of Ni(NO3l2 is electrolysed given reaction at 298 K:
platinum electrodes using a current of 5.0 ampere for Ni o t 2ABs)
20 minutes. What mass of nickel will be deposited at Nig +2Agog)
the cathode? Given: E,2a=-0.25 V, E,tihe =t0.80 V
(Given: At. mass of Ni = 58.7 g
mol1 1 F=96500 C mol1 (2023)
1F=96500 Cmol) (Foreign 2014)
each of the 2.6 Batteries
81. Predict the products of electrolysis in
following: VSA (1 mark)
(i) An aqueous solution of AgNO, with platinum (1/5, Delhi 2015C) A
electrodes. 87. Define : Secondary batteries
(ii) An aqueous solution of H,SO4 with platinum SAI (2 marks)
electrodes. (2/5, Delhi 2014C)
88 Write the name of the cell which is generally used in
SA I| (3 marks) hearing aids. Write the reactions taking place at the
anode and the cathode of this cell. (AI2017) R;
82 When a steady current of 2A was passed through
two electrolytic cells A and Bcontaining electrolytes 89 Write the name of the cell which is generally used
ZnSO and CuSO4 connected in series, 2 g of Cu were in inverters. Write the reactions taking place at the
deposited at the cathode of cell B. How long did the anode and the cathode of this cel. (AI 2017)
current flow ? 90 Write the name of the cell which is generally used in
What mass of Zn was deposited at cathode of cell A? transistors. Write the reactions taking place at the
anode and the cathode of this cellI. (AI 2017)
[Atomic mass : Cu =63.5 gmol,Zn = 65 g mol. 1F
= 96500 Cmol] (2020) EV 91. What type of battery is mercury cell? Why is it more
advantageous than dry cell? (2/5, Al 2015) U
g3 A steady current of 2 amperes was passed through
two electrolytic cells X and Y connected in series LA (5 marks)
containing electrolytes FeSO4 and ZnSO4 until
2.8 g of Fe deposited at the cathode of cell X. 92. (a) The conductivity of 0-001 mol L acetic
How long did the current flow? Calculate the acid is 4.95 x 10 s cm. Calculate the
mass of Zn deposited at the cathode of cell Y. dissociation constant if A°m for acetic acid is
(Molar mass : Fe = 56 g mol, Zn = 65.3 g mol 390.5 S cm² mol1
1F= 96500 C mol (b) Write Nernst equation for the reaction at 25°C :
(3/5, Delhi 2019)
2Als) +3Cu)’ 2AIfoa) +3Cus)
84. Chromium metal is electroplated using an acidic (c) What are secondary batteries? Give an example.
solution containing CrO, according to the following (2019)
equation:
CrO3log) +6H* +6e ’ Cris +3H,0 2.7 Fuel Celis
Calculate how many grams of chromium will be
electroplated by 24,000 coulombs. How long will MCQ
it take to electroplate 1.5 g chromium using 12.5 A 93. Which of the following cell was used in Apollo space
current? programme?
(Atomic mass of Cr =52 gmol, 1F= 96500 Cmol) (a) Mercury cell (b) Daniell cell
(AI2019) (c) H2-O, Fuel cel (d) Dry cell (2023)
85. (a) The cellin which the following reaction occurs: VSA (1 mark)
2Fe3+(aq) + 21 (od) ’2Fe2* (aq) +l2(9)
has Ecell = 0.236 V at 298 K. Calculate the 94. Namethe cell use in hearing aids and watches.
(2020) R
standard Gibbs energy of the cellreaction.
(Given: 1 F = 96,500 Cmol) (NCERT Intext) 95. Name the type of cell which was used in Apollo space
(b) How many electrons flow through a metallic programme. (2020, 1/3, Al 2014)
wire if a current of 0.5 A is passed for 2 hours? 96. Define: Fuelcell
(Given: 1F= 96,500 Cmoll) (AI2017) (Delhi 2017, 1/5. Deihi 2015C, 2014)
 MtGJCBSE Champion Chemistry Clas 1a
40 of H,O, fuel
(2/3. Foreicelgnl 2014
over
advantages
100. Write two
SAI (2 marks) ordinarycell.
7. Give two advantages of fuel cells. (2/5. 2020)
98. Define fuel cell and write its two Corrosion
advantages. 2.8
(2/5,2018) R
99. From the given cells: VSA(1mark)
101. Using the £° values of Aand Bpredict which is better
Lead storage cell, Mercury cell, Fuel cell and Dry cell iron
Answer the following: thesurfaceof
forcoating corrosion and.
(Ö) Which cellis used in hearing aids?
(i) Which cell was used in Apollo space programme:
E0.44 Vtoprevent
=-0.14V
(1) Which cell is used in automobiles and inverters? EuA)--2.37 V; Eg''B)
(iv) Which cell does not have long life? (AI 2016)
(Delhi 2016) R

CBSE Sample Questions

Limiting molar conductivity/
2.3 Nernst Equation S.No. lons Scmmo|1

SA II (3 marks) 349.6
1. H
Na 50.1
Represent the cell in which the following reaction 2
takes place. The value of E° for the cell is 1.260 V. 73.5
3 K
What is the value of Ecell? 199.1
4. OH
2Al + 3Cd' (0.1 M) 3Cdg +2AI (0.01 M) (b) 375.3 S cm mol-1
(Term ll, 2021-22) (a) 350 S cm²mol (d) 340.4S cm mol-1
2.4 (c) 390.5Scmmol1
Conductance of Electrolytic (2020-21) A
Solutions SAI (2 marks)
MCQ 4 Solutions of two electrolytes A' and B' are diluted
A
2
The molar conductivity of CH,COOH at infinite dilution The Am of 'B increases 1.5 times while that of
increases 25 times. Which of the two is a strona
is 390 Scm²/mol. Using the graph and given information.
the molar conductivity of CH,COOK will be electrolyte? Justify your answer. Graphically show
the behaviour of 'A' and 'B. (Term Il, 2021-22)
425
375 HCI LA (5 marks)
325 5. (i) State Kohlrausch law.
275
(ii) Calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K:
5 225 Al|A* (0.15 M) || Cu (0.025 M) | Cug
175 KCI
(Given EA3t/A) =-1.66 V, ECu2*Cu) = 0.34 V,
125 log 0.15 =-0.8239, log 0.025 =-1.6020)
75 (2020-21)
0.1 0.2 0.3 6. (i) On the basis of E° values identify which amongst
(c/MJ12 the following is the strongest oxidising agent?
(a) 100 Scm²/mol (b) 115 Scm'/mol Clgg +2e’2CI; E° =+1.36 V,
(c) 150S cm'/mol (d) 125 S cm²/mol MnO,' +8H+ 5e’Mn +4H,0; £° =+1.51V
(Term-ll, 202 1-22) Cr,0}+ 14H' +6e’2Cr+7H,0;
3. Which of the following option will be the limiting E° = +1.33V
molar conductivity of CHCOOH it the limiting (i) The following figure represents variation of
molar conductivity of CH,COONa is 91 S cm mol ? Wm) vs VC for an electrolyte. Here, Am is the
Limiting molar conductivity for individual ions are molar conductivity and C is the concentration of
given in the following table. the electrolyte.
Electrochenistry 41

mo!!
cm²
A/(S1500
149,8 molten CaCI,? (Atomic mass of Mg =24 u, atomic
1494 mass of Ca = 40 u).
1490 (c) What is the standard free energy change for the
148.6 following reaction at room temperature? Is the
148 2 reaction spontaneous? (2022-23)
1478 Sny+ 2Cug, - Sno +2Cui
147.4
2.6 Batteries
1470

0 005 010 015 020 025 030 035

cV²I\moi/L)2
(a) Define molar conductivity.
(b) ldentify the nature of electrolyte on the basis of
the above plot. Justify your answer.
(c) Determine the value of Am for the electrolyte.
(d) Show how to calculate the value of A for the
electrolyte using the above graph. (2020-21)
2.5 Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis
LA (5 marks)
7. (a) Molar conductivity of substance 'A' is 5.9 x 103
S/m and'B' is 1 x 10"1° S/m. Which of the two is
most likely to be copper metal and why?
(b) What is the quantity of electricity in Coulombs
required to produce 4.8 g of Mg from molten
MgCl,? How much Ca will be produced if the
same amount of electricity was passed through
LA (5 marks)
8 (a) Why does the cell voltage of a mercury cell
remain constant during its lifetime?
(b) Write the reaction occurring at anode and cathode
and the products of electrolysis of aq KCI.
(c) What is the pH of HCI solution when the
hydrogen gas electrode shows a potential of
-059 Vat standard temperature and pressure?
(2022-23)
2.8 Corrosion
SAI (2 marks)
9. Corrosion is an electrochemical phenGmenon. The
OxYgen in moist air reacts as follows:
Ozg)+ 2H,0 + 4e ’40H o4
Write down the possible reactions for corrosion of
zinc occurring at anode, cathode, and overall reaction
to form a white layer of zinc hydroxide.
(2022-23)

Detailed SOLUTIONS
Previous Years' CBSE Board Questions Commonly Made Mistake A)
Electrochemical cell : Convert chemical energy into
1 (c) :If external potential applied becomes greater electrical energy.
than Ecell of electrochemicalcell then the cellbehaves as Electrolytic cel: Convert electrical energy into
an electrolytic cell and the direction of flow of current is chemicai energy.
reversed.
3 The device which converts the chemical energy
2
liberated during the chemical reaction to electrical energY
S.No.Electrochemical cell Electrolyticcell is called electrochemical cell.
If external potential applied becomes greater than
1 It is a device to It is a device to convert Eceli of electrochemical cell then the cell behaves as an
convert chemical electrical energy electrolytic cell and the direction of flow of current /s
reversed.
energy into electrical into chemical energy.
energy, i.e., electrical ie., electrical nergy 4 (d) The cell can be represented as :
energy is produced is supplied to the Zn| ZnI| Ag"|Ag
as a result of the electrolytic solution to 5. (a)If standard electrode potential of an electrode is
redox reaction. bring about the redox greater than zero, then we can infer that its reduced form
reaction. is more stable as compared to hydrogen gas.
6
2 It is based upon the In it redoOx reaction is t)For a spontaneous reaction, Gibb's free energy
redox reaction which non-spontaneous and change AG must be negative, so Ee Should be positive
is spontaneous ie., takes place only when
AG =-nFEcell
AG = -ve electrical energy is
7 (d) E =EaEcathode -Eanode
|supplied i.e., AG =+ve. = +0.80 -(-0.44) = +1.24 V
8
(b) Sny ’Sn + 2e ...)
 MtGCBSE Championn
42
Chemistry Clas
Feioa) +eFeod) .(i)
0.0591,.(A2
On multiplying equation (i) by 2 and Ecel =Ecel - N
and (i), we get adding equation ) (0001)?
Snt +2Fe ’ 2Feo + -1.41 0.05908 (0.1)3
6
Ecell Ecathode Eanode Snfoa) 0.0591log10-3
-141
=0.77 - (-0.14) 6
=+0.91V =1.41+. 0.05913x1 =1.439V
Ecell IS positive, so AG is -ve, hence spontaneous 6
reaction. Given:EPl =2.71 V
9) 14 2+
Fe’Fe
2H* + 2e
+ 2e For the reaction, Mgs) +Cufog)’ Mg (og) + Cu,.
’H2 n=2,4,G°=?
Fe +
2H*’Fe+ H, Using formula, 4,6 =-nFEcell.
2.71V
4,G° =-2x 96500Cmolx
Ecell =Eell o.059log
2
Fe2] or A,Gz-523030J mol=
-523.03 kJ mo-1
15,) Ag +Bo) Aog) +Bs)
-0.44 - O0og
2
0 1
Here, n =2
Using formula,
-0.44 +0-0591 x2 0.059,
2 Ecel logK
Ecell| =0.4991V
10:, Erell =Ecathode -Eanode 0.059,
Ecel=log10
2
=0.40 - (-0.76) Eceli =0.0295 V
= 1.16 V
AG =-nFEcell 16. For a general electrochemical reaction,
AG =-2 x96500 x1.16 aA + b8 ’ cC+ dD
=-2,23,880 Jmol1 Nernst equation can be written as:
=-223.880 kJ mo|-1
RTCIC(D
11. Ecell =Ecell" 0.059,Zn]
Ecel Ecell-In (AIB
2 ICu] Given cell:
or Ecell= Ecel t 0.059 Zn|Zn (0.001 M)||H*(0.01 M)|H2) (1bar) | Ptg
Cell reaction:
When concentration of Cu* ions is increased, Ecell
will increase. Zn+2H'Zn+H,
(i) When concentration of Zn?* ions is increased, E.e
will decrease.
Eel =EHtH,-Ezn*2n=0.00 V- (-0.76 V) =0.76V
Ecell=0.76 y- 00591p. (0.001)
12. The cellcan be written as 2 (0.01)?
Mg| Mg* I| Ag* | Ag =0.76 - (0.0295) x (1) =0.76 - 0.0295 =0.73V
According to Nernst equation, 17. At anode: Ni ’Ni+2e
RTMg. At cathode:(Ag* +e’ Ag] x2
Ecell=Ecellnf Ag Cell reaction :Ni +2Ag*’ Ni +2Ag
Mg?*] Ecel =Ecathode Eanode
Ecell =Ecel - o.05 1o8g'
2
At 25°C
=EAg'/AgENN=0.80 V
- (-0.25)
Eell = 1.05 V
Key Points
0.0591,
Metal|Metal ion (conc.) || Metal ion (conc.)|Metal
Salt bridge
Eel n logK,
By convention the electrode on which oxidation takes Ecel Xn 1.05x2
place is written on the L.H.S and other electrode on logk,
0.0591 0.0591
which reduction takes place is written on the R.H.S log K, =35.53
K= antilog 35.53 =3.38 x 1035
43 2Al +3Niog)J’2AIo) +3Nis) AG° =-nFE° = -2 x 96500 x 1.05 = -202650 J mol
Ecell=ENNi -Ea?A =-202.65 kJ mol1
= -0.25 -(-1.66) = 1.41 V The maximum work that can be obtained = 202.65 KJ
 43
Electrochemistry

Answer Tips
At cathode:2H* (0.02 M) +2e-H,(1 bar)
Net reaction:
3When a spontaneous chemical reaction occurs, the
Sn +2H°(0.02 M) ’ Sn(0.004 M)+ H, (1 bar)
decrease in the free energy, -AG, corresponds to the The Nernst equation of this cell at 25 °C
maximum possible quantity of useful work, Wme
0.0591, (Sn"lan)
18. The cellreaction is
Fed +2Hjag) -’Fe a) t Hag)
El=Exel2 H
log

=E. -E0.000 V- (-0.14 V) =+0.14 V

Ecell
Egell =0.0-(-0.44) =0.44 V
0.0591 Flog Fe'] 0.004 x1
Ecell =Ecell - or, Ecell Eell -0.0296 log
2 H (0.02)2
0.004
=0.44-U059jno 0.001 - Erell-0.0296 log
0.0004
2 (0.01)
=Ecell -0.0296 (log 10)
=0.44-0.02955 =0.41045 V =Erell -0.0296 x 1 = Egel
-0.0296
19. Zng +Cu iog) ’ Znto + Cu Ecell =0.14 -0.0296 =0.1104 V
Here, n=2 Key Points
Erell =Eathode -Eanode =0.34 - (-0.76) =1.1V Remember:E4, =0
1F=96500 Cmol1
24. AG° =-nFEcell
4,G° =-nFErell -2 x 1.1×96500 =-212300 Jmol-1
=-212.3 kJ moll AG (43600) -=0.226 V
Ecel|- nf 2x96500
20. At anode:Zn - Zn +2e
2AgClg +Hag (1 atm)’2Ag,a +2H*(0.1 M) + 2Ci (0.1 M)
At cathode: 2Ag" +2e’2Ag Product)
Overall reaction: Zn +2Ag*’Zn+ 2Ag
Eel=Ecathode -Eanode EAg'Ag-Ezn*zn
Eel=Ecel 00591og
n
0.0591
Reactant]
(0.1'
=0.80-(-0.76) = 1.56 V -0.226 log
2 (1)
(Zn?]
o.0591o8
Ecell =Ecell

- 1.56-005log
2 Ag
0.1
= 1.47V
=0.226-0037|og(10-2)
2
=0.226
=0.226 +0.0591 = 0.2851 V
0.0591
2
:(-2)

2 (o.o1? Answer Tips

21. Ecell Eright Eleft=-0.403 -(-0.763) =0.36 V 3 As CI is not participating in the redox reaction so
4,G°=-nFEcell -2 x 96500 x 0.36 CI ion concentration should be ignored.
=-69480J mol=-69.48 kJ mol1
2x0.36 25. Ecel| =Eght - Eleft -0.44 -(-0.74) =0.30 V
Using formula, logK= nEcel -12.20
0.059 0.059 2Cr + 3Fe (0.1 M) ’ 2Cr (0.01 M) +3Fe
K= antilog 12.20 =1.58 x 1012
Ecell 0.30 - 0.0591,(0.01)
log = 0.30 +0.01 = 0.31 V
22. E=E° 0.0591, [M) (0.1)
n Answer Tips
=E 0.0591,log
1
5 Eel =Oxidation potential at anode - oxidation
n potential at cathode

00591, 1 =EalAnode) -EolCathode)

=-0.76 2
=-0.76 0.0591 2 26. Given cell,
2
=-0.819V 2A + 3Cu (0.01 M) ’ 2AI"(0.01 M) +3Cus
Key Points Ecell= 1.98 V,Eell=?
Using Nernst equation at 298 K
3 For pure solids or liquids or gases at one atmospheric
pressure, the molar concentration (here [M) is taken Ecel =Ecell 0.0591A
6Cu
as unity.

23. The electrode reactions are 1.98 V=Ecell - 0.0591,log [101?

At anode: Sng’Sn* (0.004 M) + 2e
 MtG CBSE Champion
44

0.0001 M
Chemistry Clas
1.98 V = Ecell (Mg]= 0.001 M,[Cu] =

1.98 V = Ecell o.059og10

6
Given
Putting in Nernst
equation at 298 K
Ecell 2.71- 0.059,Jog 0.001

o.059x2
6
Ecell 1.98+ 0.0591
-2V
2

A,G=-nfFEcell=-2x
log
0.0001
10 =2.68 V
Ecel =2.71 -00295 96500Cmolx2.68
kJ mol-1
27. Ecell 3 =-517240 J mol=- 517.24
+0.80V -0.77 V= +0.03V
A,G° = -nFEcell conductivity:
=-1 x 96500 x 0.03 32. (b): Unit of molar
=-2895J mol=-2.895 kJ mol x(2'cm ')x1000(cm')
AG =2.303 RT log K Molarity (molL')
- 2895 = =Q'cmmolor Scm mol
-2.303 x 8.314 x 298 x log K,
or
log K=0.5074
K= Antilog (0.5074) = 3.22 33. (d)
28. The cell Key Points
reaction2+ can be represented as:
M8y t Cufo)’ Mgog) Conductivity always decrease with
Given: E =+2.71 V,T=298
+CUg)
K concentration bothfor weak and strongg decr ease in
electrolytes,
According to the Nernst equation: CH,COOH (weak
34. Conductivity of because the number
Fcell-E 0.0591, Melog! decreases with dilution
particles i ie, ions present
electrocurlyrteent
of
per cm° of the
n carrying
becomes less and less on
dilution. solution
35. The limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte i
=2.71-0050 0.1-= 2.6804 V when tthe
2
definedas its molar conductivity
29. Al,0, (2A1*+30o?)’2A|+o,n=6e
0.01
of the electrolyte in the solution approaches concentration
zero.
2 Conductivity of an electrolyte decreases with
4 because the number of current carrying particles ie. in dilution
*Al,O3’Al+O,n=x6e
3
=4e present per cm, of the solution becomes less and lese
AG=960 kJ =960000J dilution.
Now, AG = -nFEcell 36. Kohlrausch's lavw of independent migration of ione.
AG -960000 It states that limiting molar conductivity of an electrolvte
= -2.487 V
nF 4x96500 can be represented as the sum of the individus
Minimum potential difference needed to reduce Al,O3 iS contributions of the anion and cation of the electrolte
-2.487 V. If ANa and 2°cr- are limiting molar conductivities of h
sodium and chloride ions respectively then the limitne
30. Ecell=Eel o.059108 Me] molar conductivity for sodium chloride is given by
nCu]
Am (NaC) 'Na +2°c
= 2.71 0.0591,Elog 0.001 = 2.73955 V Kohlrausch's law helps in the calculation of degree of
2 0.01 dissociation of weak electrolyte like acetic acid,
(Ö) Ifexternal opposing potential is less than 2.71 Vthen
current will flow from Cu to Mg. The degree of dissociation a is given by
(ii) If external opposing potential is greater than 2.71 V a= m
then current will flow in opposite direction i.e. from Mg to Am
Cu.
where, Am is the molar conductivity and A° is the limiting
31 MglMg(0.001 M)|| Cu*(0.0001 M) | Cus) molar conductivity.
Reactions:
Anode: MBs) ’Mgoa) + 2e 37. Molar Conductivity: Molar conductivity of a
Cathode: Cu,og) + 2e’CUs solution at a volume Vis the conductance of al the ions
produced from one mole of the electrolyte dissolved in
Net cellreaction: MB)+ Cua0)-’ Mgfo4) +CUs Vcm of the solution when the electrodes are one cm
n=2 apart and the area of the electrodes is so large that the
whole solution is contained between them.
Using Nernst equation:
Am kV
EcellEcell - 2.303RT
nF
(Mg*] Its units are S cm mol1
For the given cell 38. The molar conductivity (A,m) of strong electrolyte
increases slowly with dilution as there is no increase
Ecell=cathode -Eanode -Ecu'cu-EMg"IMg
=0.34 V - (-2.37 V) = 2.71 V
in number of ions on dilution because they are already
completely dissociated whereas A,, for weak electrolyte
 45
Electrochemistry
solution is contained
number of ions
increases very rapidly on dilution as the Hence, B is a
electrodes is so large that the whole
dissociation. between them.
increase due to increase in
strong electrolyte and A is a weak electrolyte.
(b) Units are S cmmol decrease in
(c) Molar conductivity increases with
volume, V of solution
Concentration because the total
Strong elcctrolyte B containing one mole of electrolyte also increases.
solution,
Weak electrolyte A 43. (a) Direct current will cause electrolysis of
Hence, we use alternating
SO nore ions will be produced.
current instead of direct current.
ions :t
(b) Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of
39
states that limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte can
mugaten individual contributions
Bu imny Ad mola be represented as the sum of the
that Rddual of the anion and cation of the electrolyte.
conductivities of the
mala enduhtus o 'h If 2.°Na and cr are limiting molar
sodium and chloride ions respectively then the limiting
Nn ( ) sodium chloride is given by
molar conductivity for
An(NaC) =2°a t°
Awum 18 n' me!'n oa40%.cea
(C) The cell can be represented as:
48
Mg|Mg Il Cu?| Cu
(Topper's Answer, 2022] 44. Y is a weak electrolyte. As the concentration of
the weak electrolyte is reduced, more of it ionises.
40. Given that, K= 7.8 x 10Scm,M= 0.001 M Hence, a weak electrolyte shows a very large increase in
A=390Scm mol1 concentration with dilution. A strong electrolyte shows
We know that, only small increase in conductance with dilution, because
Kx 1000 - 78x101000 =78 Scm mol 1 a strong electrolyte is completely dissociated in solution
Am M 0.001 so the number of ions remain constant.

=
Am 78 =0.2 45. (i) Electrolyte A is a strong electrolyte while
390 electrolyte Bis a weak electrolyte.
41. Weak electrolytes like acetic acid have lower degree (i) For electrolyte A, the plot becomes linear near high
dilution and thus can be extrapolated to zero concentration
of dissociation at higher concentrations and hence for
such electrolytes, the change in Am with dilution is due to get the molar conductivity at infinite dilution.
to increase in the degree of dissociation. This resuts in For weak electrolyte B, A increases steeply on dilution
increase in the number of ions in the total volume. In case and extrapolation to zero concentration is not possible.
of weak electrolyte, A increases steeply on dilution at Hence, molar conductivity at infinite dilution cannot be
lower concentrations and does not reacha constant value determined.
even at infinite dilution. Therefore A cannot be obtained 46 For a strong electrolyte it is shown by Debye-Huckel
by extrapolationmol')
cm
/(Sof A to zero concentration. Onsager equation as follows :
400 CH,COOH AmAm-AVC
AKCI)
E 200 Strong electrolyte
KCI like KCI
Am
0.2 0.4 Weak electrolyte like
cV/mol/L? CH3COOH

A for such case is obtained by using Kohlrausch law

of independent migration of ions, The law states that Here, A- Molar conductivity at infinite dilution
limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte can be (Limiting molar conductivity)
represented as the sum of the individual contributions A=Molar conductivity at V-dilution
of the anion and cation of the electrolytes, ie., A= Constant which depends upon nature of solvent and
temperature
c= Concentration
42. (a) Molar conductivity of a solution at a volume
Vis the conductance of allthe ions produced from one Plot of against C is a straight line with intercept
mole of the electrolyte dissolved in V cm of the solution equal toAm and slope equal to'-A:
when the electrodes are one cm apart and the area of the Thus, Am decreases linearly with NC, when C = 0,
 wtG CBSE Champion
46

molar conductivity
for sodium
ChemistrbyyClas 12
chlorideis given
AmAm and A, can be determined
experimentally.
47. Degree of dissoclation (a) = Am electrolyte decreases with
Conductivity of an
current ccarrying particles i
becausethe number of solution becomes less and e
dilutioionn
39.05 Scm²molr1 the
(349.68+ 40.9) Scmmol1 -=0.1
present per cm' of
dilution.
known
less on
48. The fraction of the total number of of resistivity is as
in solution as ions is known as degree ofmolecules present
dissociation.
51. The reciprocal
conductance or simply conductivity. It is denoted by specific
Molar
conductivity (m)= a, m
K(kappa).
where à° is the molar conductivity at infinite dilution.
49. The reciprocal of resistivity is known as specific Klor k=Gx A
conductance or simply conductivity. It is denoted by K Hence, conductivity of a solution is defined as the
(kappa). 1 cm length and
conductance of a conductor of
Kor
pk=Gx A be defined as conductance of one centimetre cube of
having1
Sq. cm as the area of crosS section. Alternatively, it may
Hence, conductivity of a solution is defined as the the solution of the electrolyte. Molar conductivity of a
conductance of a conductor of 1 cm length and having conductance of all
solution at a dilution Vis the the
1cm as the area of cross section. Alternatively, it may dissolved ions
be defined as conductance of one centimetre cube of produced from 1 mole of the electrolyte
Am:
the solution of the electrolyte. Molar conductivity of a cm'of the solution. It is represented by
solution at a dilution V is the conductance of all the ions An=kVof conductivity and molar conductiity with
Variation
produced from 1 mole of the electrolyte dissolved in
temperature:Bothincrease with increaseein
Vcm of the solution. It is represented by ^m
as degree of ionisation
increases, temperatur
Variation of conductivity and molar conductivity with 1
52. Conductivity (x) R x1
concentration : Conductivity always decreases with
decrease in concentration, for both weak and strong xG200
=5x 103g'cm-1
electrolytes. Because the number of ions per unit Molar conductivity (Am)
volume that carry the current in a solution decreases on Kx1000 5x10°x1000 5009'cmmol!
dilution.
M 0.01
400 CH,COOH 53. (a) AG° =nFEcell
cm?
A/(S
mol -4G°
300x1000 J molr1
=1.55 V
Ecell = nf 2x96500C mol
200 (b) A(MgCl,) =A(Mg") +22,, (CI)
=106 Scm mol +2 x 76.3 Scm'mol:l
KCI =258.6 Scm² mol-1
0.2 0.4
KX1000
54. Using formula, m=
cV2/(mol/LJ2 C
Molar conductivity increases with decrease in Given, k =3.905 x 10*S cm-1
concentration because the total volume, V of solution C=0.001 mol L
containing one mole of electrolyte also increases. It has 3.905x10x1000 - 39.05 Scm² mol1
been found that decrease in k on dilution of a solution is
0.001
more than compensated by increase in its volume.
Commonly Made Mistake(A The degree of dissociation, a=Am39.05.
Am 390.5
=0.1

For strong electrolyte conductivity decrease with (:: N=349.6 +40.9 =390.5 Scm mol
decrease in concentration while molar conductivity
increase with increase in concentration. 55. Given: Conductivity, K=8x 10*Scm1
Molarity, C= 0.002 M=0.002 mol L*1
50. Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions: Using formula, A,= 1000 x K
It states that limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte C
can be represented as the sum of the individual 1000 x 8x10-5
contributions of the anion and cation of the electrolyte. 0.002
=40 Scm? mol1
If A°Na and °c1- are limiting molar conductivities of the 40
sodium and chloride ions respectively then the limiting
=
= 0.099
Am 404
 47
Electrochemistry

56 () Silver wire at 30°C allows greater conduction AC 1000 x 0.0248 =124 5cm²mol1
of electricity than 60°C because with increase m
0.20
temperature metallic conduction decreases due to
124 =0.82
vibration of kernels. Am 735+76.5
(ii) 0.1M acetic acid solution allows greater conduction
ofelectricity because with dilution degree of dissociation 60. Resistance of 0.1 M KCIsolution R= 100 2
increases and hence, number of ions increases. Conductivity k= 1.29 Sm
Cellconstant G=KxR= 129 x 100= 129 m
(ii) KCI solution at 50°Cwillhave greater conductance.
This is because ionic mobilities increases with increase in Resistance of 0.02 MKCI solution, R= 5202
temperature. Conductivity. x= Cell constant 129m-1 =0.248Sm!
Commonly Made Mistake A 5202
Concentration, C=0.02 mol L1
3 In solid metals, conduction decreases with increase in =1000 x 0.02 mol m 20 mol m3
temperature while in solution conductivity increases
with increase in temperature. Molar conductivity.A = K_0.248 S m
C 20 mol mm-3
57. Given:a =0.625 cm, = 50 cm -0.0124S m mol1
R=5x 10 ohm, M= 0.05 M
A
61 (a) Conductivity of an electrolyte decreases with
Resistivity, p=Rx =5x10x o3 ohm cm dilution because the number of current carrying particles
50
= 62.5 ohm cm ie, ions present per cm of the solution becomes less and
less on dilution.
1 1
Conductivity. K= =0.016 ohm cm1 Molar conductivity increases with decrease in
p 62.5 concentration because the total volume, V of solution
Kx1000
Molar conductivity, Am= M containing one mole of electrolyte also increases.
0.016x1000 =320 ohm cmmol1
0.05
(b) Degree of dissociation, a =
58. (a) Eel Eg'/AgEznzn Given, A= 150.0 S cm mol!
=0.80+ 0.76 = 1.56 V Am= 141.0 Scm mol
A,G° = -nFE 141
=0.94 or 94%
A,G° =-2x 96500 x1.56 150
=301080J mol- =301.080 kJ mol1
(c) H* ion is smaller than K* ion. Since, smaller the
(b) For strong electrolytes the plot between A, and NC cation, higher the molar conductivity, hence for the same
is astraight line with intercept equal to ^, and slope equal concentration of HCIand KCl, molar conductivity of HCI
to -A. A for these can be obtained by extrapolation of Am is higher than that of KCI.
to zero concentration.
62 (a) The half cell reactions are:
mol)
A/(Scm
400 At anode:Zn- ’Zn2* +2e
CH,COOH
At cathode:2Ag* + 2e ’ 2Ag
So, silver plate is acting as cathode where reduction is
taking place.
200 (b) The function of salt bridge in an electrochemical
KCI cell is to maintain electrical neutrality in solutions and
prevent voltage drop. If the salt bridge is removed voltage
0
will drop to zero and no current will flow.
0.2 0.4 (c) Ifexternal potential applied becomes greater than Eel
ce/lmo/L)2 of electrochemical cell then it behaves as an electrolytic
A for weak electrolyte cannot be obtained by celland the direction of flow of current is reversed.
entrapolaration of graph at zero concentration. A (d) (0 when Ecell is equal to zero, there will be a
for such case is obtained by using Kohlrausch law of condition of equilibrium in the cell. So, the concentrations
independent migration of ions. The law states that of Znand Ag" will become constant.
limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte can be (i) Conductivity of the solution decreases with dikation
represented as the sum of the individual contributions because the number of ions per unit volume that carrythe
of the anion and cation of the electrolytes, ie., current in solution decreases with dilution.
A , À°, +u_2° QR
59. Given: Conductivity, k= 0.0248 Scm (d) Given that, Am =138.9 Scm mol
Molarity, C= 0.20 M=0.20 mol L1 Concentration =1.5 M,K=?
An XM
Using formula, A. = 1000X N Am
Kx 1000
K=
M 1000
 48
WLtG CBSEEChampion Chemistry
Class 12
k= 138.9 Scm
molx1.5M =0.208 Scm-1
1000
At anode :
2Clo) ’Cl +2e
63. ) C= 0.02 M
d 1.40 66. MnO, +5eMn'
Mnt
2 cm=0.70 cm As 5e are needed to reduce 1mol of MnO, to thus
|= 44 cm, chnage required is 5Faraday.
As we know R5.00
x10°
that, Answer Tips (
R=p A 5.00x 10 =px
44
For calculating charge required calculate number of
n(0.70) electrons need for the change.
S.00x 10x3.14 x(0.70) ×10
44 10
= 174.8 Lcm 67. H,0H,t,0;.
Conductivity, k= 1 charge required to oxidised 1 mol of H,O is 2F
p 174.8 -5.72 x10ocm! -2 x 96500 = 193000 C
Molar conductivity. 68 The reaction at anode with lower value of fo i
1000 preferred ie., O, gas should be liberated but on account
Am=KX 5.72 x1000 x10-3
Molarity 0.02 =2,86 Scmmol of overpotential of Oxygen, reaction preferred at anode is
(ii) NilN"|Ag"|Ag
(i) Silver electrode is
(1)
positively charged. i.e., Cl, gas is liberated at anode in the electrolysis of
Electrons are the carriers of the current in the
outer circuit. ag. NaCl.
64. (a) 2Al + 3Ni* (0.1 M)’ 2AI*(0.01 M) +3Ni 69 The species that get reduced at cathode is the one
Ereli =1.41 V having higher value of standard reduction potential
The cell can be Hence, the reaction that will occur at cathode is
represent as:
Al|A"(0.01 M) || Ni(0.1 M) | Ni Agto te’ A&s
Ecell =Ecel' 0.0591, (AP?log! 70. Zn + 2e Zn9
N Imol 2 mol

One mole of Zn requires 2 moles of electrons for

-1.41 0.0591 log (0.01)°
n
(0.1
=1.41
0.05910g10
6
0.0591 = 1.419 V
=1.41+
(b) For weak electrolytes molar conductivity decrease
with increase in concentration. As on low concentration
(or on dilution) ionisation increases for weak electrolytes
hence molar conductivity increases on dilution.
While the molar conductivity of strong electrolytes
increases with increase in concentration as number of
ions increases on increasing concentration.
For strong electrolyte. Am=A-AVC
Thus Am increase with increase in concentration.
Limiting molar conductivity for weak electrolytes is
obtained by using kohlrauhch law of independent
migration of ions. The law states that limiting molar
conductivity of on electrolyte can be represent as the sum
of the individual contributions of an anion and cation of
the electrolyte i.e.
65. (b): When concentrated brine ie. aqueous solution
of NaCi is electrolysed, products are chlorine at anode
and hydrogen at cathode.
At cathode:
2H,0 t 2e -’H2g) t+ 20Hjo4
reduction ie.
Q=2xF =2x 96500 =193000 C
71. The species that get reduced at cathode is the one
which have higher value of standard reduction potential.
Hence, the reaction that will occur at cathode is
Cufonl t 2e ’ Cu
72 Faraday's first law of electrolysis: During
electrolysis the amount of any substance deposited or
liberated at an electrode is directly proportional to the
quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte i.e.,
w«Q or Wo|xt (: Q=|xt)
v= Zx|xt
where, Z is a constant of proportionality known as
electrochemical equivalent of the substance deposited.
73. (0) AG= -nfEcell(nf =amount of charge passed)
If AG is negative, i.e. E° is positive then the reaction will
be spontaneous.
(i) According to Faraday's first law of electrolysis,
"weight of ions deposited on an electrode of an
electrolytic cellis directly proportional to the quantity of
electricity passed" i.e.,
Wo Qorw= ZQ =ZIt
where, Q=quantity of electricity (in coulombs)
|= current (in amperes), t =time (in second)
Z = electrochemical equivalent of material deposited on
the electrode.
 49
Electrochemistry
1800 C of electricity would deposit
74. In aqueous solution, CuCl, ionises into 108×1800
CuCl, Cu+2cI =2.014 gof Ag
1x96500
Atcathode : Cu +2e ’Cu
During
At anode:2C1 ’Cl, +2e 79 Faraday's first law of electrolysis :
At the cathode, the copper ion will be deposited because it electrolysis the amount of any substance deposited or
has a higher reduction potential than the water
molecule. liberated at an electrode is directly proportional to the
At the anode, the lower electrode potential value will be quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte i.e.,
oxygen, chloride ion (:: Q=|x t)
preferred but due to over potential of Wo Q Or W«|xt
gets oxidized at the anode.
w=Zx|xt
75. (a) CuSO4l04) ’Cufo) +SOae9) where, Z is a constant of proportionality known as
electrochemical equivalent of the substance deposited.
At cathode: Cuoo t 2e ’ Cu The electrode reaction is Cu2 + 2e’Cu
1
At anode : H,Ou-’O29)
2
t2Hjog) + 2e Quantity of charge required for reduction of 1 mol
(b) At the cathode the following reduction reactions of Cu =2F =2 x96500 = 193000 C
compete to take place: 80. Given: Current / = 5A;t= 20 x 60s, w =?
Agiog) t e’ Ags:E° =0.80V Q=|xt=5 x 20 x 60 =6000 C
Reaction for deposition of Ni,
Hiog) te’H2g:E° = 0.00 V Ni? + 2e Ni
The reaction with a higher value ofE° takes place at the 2 mol 1 mol
cathode. Therefore, the depositionof silver will take place. 2× 96500 C 58.7 g
Since, Pt electrodes are inert, the anode is not attacked
Thus, 2 x 96500 C of electricity produces 58.7 g Ni.
by NO ions. Therefore, OH or NO, ions can be oxidized 6000 C of electricity would produce
at the anode. But OH. ions having a lower discharge 58.7x6000 - 1.825 g
potential get preference and decompose to liberate O,. 2x96500
40H’2H,0+O, +4e 81 (1) At the cathode the following reduction reactions
76. Fe* + le -’ Fe2 compete to take place:
1 mole le
Agiog) te’ Agg:E° = 0.80 V
1mole of Fe requires 1 mole of electrons for reduction.
3moles of Fe requires 3moles of electrons for reduction. Hipg)eHag)E
t 2
= 0.00 V
ie., Q=3xF
The reaction with a higher value of E° takes place at the
Q=3x96500
cathode. Therefore, the deposition of silver will take place.
|= 2A Since, Pt electrodes are inert, the anode is not attacked
Q by NO,ions. Therefore, OH or NO ions can be oxidized
Q 289500
at the anode. But OH. ions having a lower discharge
t= 144750 s potential get preference and decompose to liberate O,.
2
40H ’2H,0+O,+4e
77. The species that get reduced at cathode is the one () Atthe cathode, the following reduction reaction occurs
having higher value of standard reduction potential. to produce H, gas.
Hence, the reaction that will occur at cathode is
E° = 0-00V
Hiog +e’ H)
2
At the anode, the following processes are possible:
The species that get oxidised at anode is the one having
lower value of E Thus 2H,O O2) + 4Hio) t 4e : E = + 123 V ..()
2H,0 O2g) + 4H* +4e 2S0) - S,Osio t 2e:E =+1.96 V .(1)
should take place but on account of overpotential of For dilute sulphuric acid, reaction (i) is preferred to produce
Oxygen reaction preferred at anode is O; gas but for concentrated sulphuric acid, (i) occurs.
¡Clzg) te : E = +1-36 V 82. According to first law of electrolysis,
w= Zit
78. Given:/=2A,t= 15 min =15 x60s = 900s, w=? Eq. wt.
Q=|xt= 2 x 900 = 1800 C W=
F
xIt
Reaction for deposition of Ag is as follows: WCu = 2 g
Ag + 1e Ag |=2A
1F 1 mol
1x96500C 108 g 31.75 96500×2
2 x2xt t= -3040 sec
Thus, 1 x 96500 C of electricity is required to deposit 96500 2x31.75
108 g of Ag. Eg. w.t of Cu'* =31.75
 50 MtG CBSE Champion Chemistry Class 1

According to second law of electrolysis, AcH,COOH =cH^COO *

Massof Zn depositde Eq. wt.of Zn
Mass of Cu deposited =EA'/Ag-N''Ni
32.5
Eg. wt. of Cu
() Ecel =Eathode -Eanode
(-0.25 V)
WZn
2
= +0.80 V-
31.75 - 1.05 V
32.5×2 AG° = -nfEell
Maximum work ==-2x96500
WZo -2.047 g x1.05
31.75
=-202650J mol
83. According to Faraday's first law of =-202.65 kJ
mol1
mass of substance deposited o< quantity ofelectrolysis,
electricity passed AG° = -RTInK, =
-202650 J mol
K, =202650 J mol 1
’ W=ZQ= Eq. wt. xQ 8.314 J K'molx 298 KIn
In K =81.79 81.79
2.8 28 2.303 log K, =
96500XQ log K, =3S.5145
recharged again and again
Q= 2.8x96500 =9650 C 87. The batteries which can be eg., lead storage battery
28 are called as secondary batteries.
used in hearing aids.
NowQ=It t Q_9650
: 2 -= 4825s 88. The mercury cell is generally
Reaction at cathode:
20H
According to Faraday's second law of electrolysis, HgO +H,0 +2e’ Hg +
Mass of Fe deposited Eqwt.ofFe Reaction at anode:
Mass of Zndeposited Eq.wt.of Zn Zn(Hg) + 20H ’Zn0 +H,0+ 2e
in inverters it
2.8 28 89. The cell which is generally used
Mass of Zn deposited 32.65 secondary cell ie., lead storage battery.
Mass of Zn deposited= 2.8 x32.65 =3.265 g
28
At cathode : PbO9 +SOo) +4Hia) + 2e PbSO49)
+2H20u
84. Charge = 24,000 coulombs At anode :Pb +S0 PbSO49 + 2e
According to reaction, Cr* +6e’ Cris) 90. Mercury cell is generally used in transistors.
We require 6F or 6 x 96500 C to deposit 1 mole or 52g At cathode:HgO +H,0 +2eHgl) +20H
of Cr. At anode:Zn(Hg)+2OH’ZnO +H,0 + 2e
For 24,000 C, the mass of Cr deposited 91. Mercury cell is a primary battery. Hence, it can be
52x24,000 =2.15 g used only once and cannot be recharged.
6x96500 Advantage:The cell potential remains constant during its
According to Faraday's first law of electrolysis, life time. Hence, it is useful for devices requiring constant
or
2.15 24,000 current eg, hearing aids and watches.
W 1.5 12.5xt 92 (a) K= 4.95 x 10Scm,M= 0.001 M
W=ZIt A=390.5 Scmmol1
52 6x1.5x96500 We know that
1.5=
6x96500 -x12.5xt t= 52x12.5
-1336.15S
=
Kx 1000 4.95x10x1000 =49.5 S cm mol!
85. (a) 2Fe+ 2e’2Fe* and 21 ’h+2e M 0.001
Hence, for the given cell reaction, n =2 Am. 49.5 =0.1267
Am 390.5
A,G°= -nfE°cell=-2 x 96500 x0.236 =- 45.55 kJ mol
(b) Given, I= 0.5 A,t= 2 hrs.
Ca' 0.001 x0.1267x0.1267 =1.82 x 105
Number of electrons =? K,= 1-a (1-0.1267)
Total charge (Q) =| xt= 0.5 x 2 x 60 x60 = 3600 C
(AP
Number of electrons =
Total charge
Charge of one electron
3600
(b) Ecel=Eçel"
o05(o8
6
(c) The batteries which can be recharged again and
1.6x10-19 again are called as secondary batteries. e.g., lead storage
- 2.25x 10 electrons battery.
86. () It states that limiting molar conductivity of 93. (c) The H,-0, fuel cell was used for producing
an electrolyte can be represented as the sum of the electricity in Apollo space programme. The water
individual contributions of the anion and cation of the vapours produced were condensed and added to
electrolyte. drinking water supply for astronauts.
Expression for the limiting molar conductivity of acetic 94. Mercury cell is used for low current devices like
acid is hearing aids and watches.
Electrochemistry 51

Key Points 3 (c): Limiting molar conductivity of CH,COOH can be

calculated as
Mercury cell is used in waters and hearing aids
because their potential rernains constant throughout
their life. =91+349.6 -50.1
=440.6- 50.1 =390.5 Scm mol (1)
95. The hydrogen oxygen fuel cell was used in Apollo 4 The molar conductivity(^.) of strong electrolyte
space programme.
increases slowly with dilution as there is no increase
96. Those galvanic cells which give us direct electrical in number of ions on dilution because they are already
energy by the combustion of fuels like hydrogen, methane, completely dissociated whereas A for weak electrolyte
methanol, etc. are called fuel cells. increases very rapidly on dilution as the number of ions
97. The two advantages of fuel cells are: increase due to increase in dissociation. Hence. B is a
strong electrolyte and Ais a weak electrolyte. (1)
i) They produce electricity with an efficiency of about
70% compared to thermal plants whose efficiency is
about 40%.
() They are pollution free. Strong electrolyte B
98. Those galvanic cells which give us direct electrical
energy by the combustion of fuels like hydrogen, methane. Weak electrolyte A
methanol, etc. are called fuel cells.
(1)
The two advantages of fuel cells are: 5 (i) Kohlrausch's law: It states that limiting molar
(0) They produce electricity with an efficiency of about conductivity of an electrolyte can be represented as the
70% compared to thermal plants whose efficiency is sum of the individual contributions of the anion and cation
about 40%. of the electrolyte. (1
(ii) They are pollution free.
If A and are limiting molar conductivities of the
99 () Mercury cell is used for low current devices like sodium and chloride ions respectively then the limiting
watches and hearing aids. molar conductivity for sodium chloride is given by
(i) The hydrogen oxygen fuel cell was used in Apollo
space programme.
(ii) Lead storage battery is used in automobiles and () Cufogt2e’ Cu:E=0.34 V(At cathode)
inverters. Als’AI" (aq) + 3e :Eja =- 166 V (At anode)
(iv) Dry cell. 2Al + 3Cu (a)’2AIg) +3Cus) (Overallreaction)
100. (i) It is pollution free. (1/2)
(ii) It has high efficiency of 70 - 75% and its rate can be
controlled. Ecell =Ecathode -E anode 0.34 -(-1.66) = 2.00 V (1/2)
101. Metals of lower electrode potential value when 0.059 [AP?
Ecel =Ecel -log (1)
connected with iron protect it from Oxidation and ICu
prevent corrosion. Hence, coating of metal Ahaving lower 0.059 (0.15)*
=2.00 -log (1)
electrode potential will be better than Bwhich has higher 6 (o025) (:n=6)
E(82B=(-0.14 V). =2.00 0.059
-(2log 0.15-3log 0.025)
6
CBSE Sample Questions O.059
-(-1.6478-(-4.806) = 1.9689 V
=2.00 (1)
6
A|(0.01 M)|| Ca²(0.1 M)| Cd (1/2) 6 () MnO, is the strongest oxidising agent because
it has maximum positive E value. (1)
2Al +3Cd" (0.1 M) - 3Cdy +2AIP" (0.01 M) (i) (a) Molar conductivity of a solution at a dilution Vis
Ecell*Egel- 005og |AP? (1/2) the conductance of all the ions produced from one mole of
the electrolyte dissolved in V
cmofthe solution when the
(0.01)2 electrodes are one cm apart and the area of the electrodes
Ecel 1.26 - 0059,-log (1/2) is so large that the whole solution is contained between
6 (0.1)
0.059, (1) them, i.e., Am KVm (1)
=1.26-* -1)
(b) Electrolyte is astrong electrolyte. Molar conductivity
= 1.26 +0.0098 = 1.269 V = 1.27 V (1/2) (Am) increases slowly with dilution. (1)
(c) A=A-ACV2 (1)
2 (b): NncooK ==390+
NCH,cOoH+Akc1- AHCI
150 - 425 =115 Scm²/mol Am is equal to intercept on y-axis of the graph.
(1) Therefore A= 150 Scm- mol
 52 mtG CBSE Champion Chemistry Class

A/S
cm²
mol)150.0 Eel =ECathode -EAnode
149.8 0.29 V
=0.15 - (-0.14) = J/mol
149.4 96500 x 0.29 =55970 (1)
(d) AG° = - nFEPl =2x Iremains constantduring its lif
1490
cell potential
The reaction r
as the(a)overall does not involve anyionniin solution
E 148.6
change during its lifetime (1
S 148.2 whose concentration can
147.8 (b) KClag) Kio4) +Clia)
OH (oq)
1474 - Cathode: H,On te 2 Ha (1/2)
1470 Anode: Clj4)Cl2l4)
2
+e (1/2)
’ Kiaq) +OHia) t
005 .010 .015 020 .025 030 035 Net reaction: KCIgo) t H,0u
cImo/Ly2 2
A= - slope = - (149 -
147.8/0.010-0.022) hydrogengas electrode = -05o:.
(c) Given, potential of
- 100 S cm mol/(mol/L1)2 (1)
7 (a) "A" is copper metal as metals have high Electrode reaction: H* +e
value of Applying Nernst equation,
conductivity. (1) 0.059,(H,]?
(b) Mg* + 2e ’Mg log [H"] (1)
1 mole of magnesium ions gain 2 moles of n
to form 1 mole of Mg. 24 g Mg electrons or 2F EiH'H,) =0V
requires 2F eleectricity. SHH,) -0.59 V
4.8 g Mg requires 2x 4.8 n=1
-0,4F =0.4 x 96500 =38600C
24 (Hz]=1 bar
(1)
-0.59 = 0 - 0.059 (- log [H) (1/2)
Caz + 2e ’ Ca -0.59 = - 0.059phH (1/2)
2F electricity is required to produce 1 mole or pH= 10
40g Ca.
0.4 Felectricity will produce 8g Ca. (1) Anode: Zng ’ Zn+ 2e (1/2)
(c) F= 96500C, n=2, Cathode: Ozg) +2H2Ont 4e 40H(ag) (1/2)
Snfa) +2e ’ Sng; E -0.14 V Overall: 2Zn +O2g +2H,On ’ 2Zn0) +40Hian
2Zn +O29) +2H,On ’ 2(Zn(OH)2l(ppt)
2+
Cufoo) te. ’Cujaa: E° =0.15V (1)
5s 12

(1)
life
Self Assessment
tion Reason: Formation of Oxygen at anode requires
(1 (Case Based Questions (5 marks)
overvoltage.
Read the passage given below and answer the
1
(Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark)
following questions:
All chemical reactions involve interaction of atoms
2) 4 Among the following, which will be the best
and molecules. A large number of atoms/molecules conductor of electricity?
are present in a few gram of any chemical compound (a) 1 M Acetic acid (b) 1 MSulphuric acid
(1 varying with their atomic/molecular masses. To (d) 1 M Formic acid
(c) 1 MBoric acid
9 handle such large number conveniently, the mole
concept was introduced. All electrochemical cell The molar conductance of 0.001 M acetic acid is
50 ohm cm mol. The maximum value of molar
reactions are also based on mole concept. For conductance is 250 ohm' cm mol, What is its
example, a 4.0 molar aqueous solution of NaCI is
prepared and 500 ml of this solution is electrolysed. degree of ionization?
(1) This leads to the evolution of chlorine gas at one of (a) 0.5% (b) 2% (c) 20% (d) 22%
the electrode. The amount of products formed can be 6 The electrode reactions for charging of a lead battery
calculated by using mole concept. are
(i) The total number of moles of chlorine gas PbSO, + 2e ’so+Pb
evolved is PbSO, +2H,0’ PbO, +SO;+4H* +2e
(a) 0.5 (b) 1.0 (c) 1.5 (d) 1.9 The electrolyte in the battery is an aqueous solution
I2) (i) Ifcathode is a Hg (Atomic mass =200.59 g/mol) of sulphuric acid after the battery has been charged
electrode, then the maximum weight of amalgam (a) the sulphuric acid will be more concentrated
formed from this solution is
2) (b) the sulphuric acid will be less concentrated
(a) 300g (b) 446 g (c) 396 g (d) 296 g (c) the concentration of sulphuric acid will be
(i) The total charge (coulomb) required for complete unchanged
electrolysis is (d) sulphuric acid will have been completely
(1)
(a) 186000 (b) 24125 (c) 48296 (d) 193000 decomposed.
(iv) In the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl, the number 7
Cu' +2e’cu; log[Cu?]vs ERed graph is of
of moles of electrons involved are the type as shown in figure where OA = 0.34 V.
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4
Then electrode potential of the half cell of
(v) In electrolysis of aqueous NaCl solution when Pt Cu|Cu*(0.1 M) will be
electrode is taken, then which gas is liberated at
cathode?
(a) Hgas (b) Cl, gas A

(c) O; gas (d) None of these Red

E
(A &RQuestions (1 mark)
In the following questions a statement of assertion
followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the
correct answer out of the following.
log (Cu]
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements
and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
(a) -0.34 +
0.0591 (b) 0.34+ 0.0531
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements 2 2
but reason is not correct explanation for assertion. (c) 0.34V (d) none of these.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong 8
statement. Standard reduction potentials of the half reactions
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct
are given below:
statement.
Fz9) +2e’2FtogiE° =+2.85 V
Clz(9) + 2e ’ 2Cliga) ;E =+1.36 V
2. Assertion : Am for weak electrolytes shows a sharp
Br20 + 2e’ 2Briaa): E° =+ 1.06 V
increase when the electrolytic solution is diluted. I2s) + 2e ’21too):E°=+0.53 V
Reason:For weakelectrolytes degree of dissociation The strongest oxidising and reducing agents
increases with dilution of solution.
respectively are
3
Assertion : Electrolysis of NaCl solution gives (a) Fand I (b) Br, and CI
chlorine at anode instead of O,. (c) Cl, and Br (d) Cl, and Iz
 54
MtG CBSE
Champion
Chemistry Class
the solution of a weak electrolyte? Electroly
solution of KCI at
conductivity of 0.30 M
10Scm.Calculate the molar
295
(VSA Type Questions (1 mark)
Arrange the following metals in the order in which
they displace each other from the solution of their
3.72 x

Accountfor the
OR
following:
inhibitsItherusting of
conductivity
salts. (ii) Alkaline
() Iron
medium iron. i
does not rust even if the zinc coating
Al, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn.
galvanizediron pipe.
10. What is the necessity to use a salt bridge in aGalvanic broken in a
cell? (CasedBasedQuestion (5 marks
11 Under what condition Eel =0 or a,G=0? below and
passage given
OR
Express the relation among the conductivity
Read the
21. followingquestions: answer th
The electrochemicalcellshowntbelow is concentratio
of solution in the cell. the cell constant and the
resistance of solution in the cell. cell.
solution of a sparingly soluble
MJM (saturatedmoldm)|M
SAI Type Questions (2 marks)
MX,)|M(0.001
The emf of the cell depends on the difference in
12. Value of standard electrode potential for the M'* ions at the two
oxidation of CI ions is more positive than that or
water, even then in the electrolysis of aqueous
concentrations of
emf of the cell at
298 K is O.059 V electrodes.The
product (K.. in mal
sodium chloride, why is CI oxidised at anode instead ) Calculate the solubility
K based on the
dm)of MX, at 298
of water? concentration cell
available for the given informatio,
13 How many moles of mercury will be produced by = 0.059)
(Take 2.303 x Rx 298/F AG
electrolysing 1.0 MHg(NO), solution withacurrent
of 2.00 A for 3 hours? (i) Calculate the
value of
F=96500
(1Mark
G(in kJ mol)for
given cel.(Take 1 Cmol)
14. Mention the reactions occurring at (i) anode.,
(ü) cathode, during working of a mercury cell. Why
(1Mark
(ii) The standard electrode potential (E°) for OCT

does the voltage of a mercury cell remain constant
during its operation?
OR
Give reasons for the following:
(i) Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than in
ordinary water.
(i1) Aluminium metal cannot be produced by the
electrolysis of aqueous solution of aluminium
salt.
15. Zinc can reduce hydrogen ion but copper cannot.
Why?
16 Mention few applications of electrochemical series.
(SA IIType Questions (3 marks)
17 Depict the galvanic cell in which the reaction
Zng +2Ag'04) ’ Zn(og) + 2AB takes place.
Further show:
() Which of the electrode is negatively charged?
(ii) The carriers of the current in the cell.
(ii) Individual reaction at each electrode.
18. (a) What is corrosion? Explain the electrochemical
theory of rusting of iron and write the reactions
involved in the rusting of iron.
(b) Which reference electrode is Used to measure
the electrode potential of other electrodes?
19. The conductivity of 0.001 Macetic acid is 4 x 10*5
S/cm. Calculate the dissociation constant of acetic
acid, if molar conductivity at infinite dilution for
acetic acid is 390 Scm²/mol.
20. How does the molarconductance increase on diluting
Cr and Cl7Cl, respectively are 0.94 Vand
-1.36 V.What will be the E value for OCr/`a
(2 Marks
OR
Calculate the solubility product of a saturate
solution of AgCrO4 in water at 298 Kif the et
of the cell Ag|Ag" (satd. Ag,CrO4 soln)|A
(0.1 M)JAg is 0.164 Vat 298 K. (2 Marks
(LA Type Questions (5 mark
22. Answer the following:
(Y) Suggest a way to determine Am Value of water
(b) The molar conductivity of 0.025 mol [!
methanoic acid is 46.1 Scm mol.Calculateib
degree of dissociation and dissociation constant
Given
- 349.6S cm² mol and
=54.6 Scm² mol1
HCOO")
23. (0) Why electrolysis of NaBr (og) and Nalg Bives Br
and l, respectively while that of NaF(oa) Bives O;
instead of F2?
(i) (a) Why A°m for acetic acid cannot be determined
experimentally?
(b) State Kohlrausch's law for electrical conductance
of an electrolyte at infinite dilution.
24. (a) 19 g of molten SnCl, is electrolysed for some
time using inert electrodes. 0.119 g of Sn is
Electrochemistry
55
deposited at the cathode. No substance is lost
during the electrolysis. Find the ratio of the Salt bridge
weights of SnCl,: SnCl, after electrolysis. (AL. t. Copper plate
of Sn = 119)
(b) Adirect current deposits 19.58g of potassium in Zinc plate -Zn -Cu",
one minute. How many grams of aluminium will Cell A
be deposited by the same current in the
sarne A) Electrode
time? (At. wt. of K = 39, Al 27) (B) Electrode

25. (i) On passing equal amount of charge. 11.2 L

of Cl, was liberated at STP from NaCI solution
whereas 9.88g of metal was deposited from a nitrate
solution of this metal. If the specific heat of metal is
0.216 cal/g, what is the formula of metal nitrate?
(ii) Asteady current was passed for 5 hours through
two cells connected in series. First cell contains
a solution of AuCl, and second contains CuSO,
solution. 9.85 gof gold was deposited in the first cel.
Find the amount of Cu deposited in the second cel.
Also calculate the magnitude of current in ampere.
Consider the figure and answer the following
questions.
Cell B
(i) Cell 'A' has Er = 2 Vand cell'B' has Ece = 1.1V
which of the two cells 'A' or 'B will act as an
electrolytic cell? Which electrode reactions will
OCCur in this cell?
(ü) If cell 'A' has Erel = 0.5 V and cell 'B has
Ecell = 11 V then what will be the reactions at
anode and cathode?
(ii) Calculate the potential for half-cell
containing
0.10 MK;Cr,07wg.0.20 MGag and
10x 10*MHi The half cell reaction is:
Cr,0o4) + 14H'g t be’ 2Cro t 7H,O
and the
standard electrode potential is given as
E= 133 V.

Detailed SOLUTIONS
4x500
(0) (b) NCI =2 mol
ncI, 1 mol
1000
o.05 1o8 (Cu']
t) (b) nN, deposited =2 mol
nNa-Hg formed =2 mol O.2059, OCugl
=-0.34-log [0.1)
Mass of amalgam formed = 2 x 223 =446 g
-0.34-O.059,
I) (d) 2Na'+ 2e 2Na

BRAR
0.059
(2F)
log(10)=0.34+
2
Total charge required =2F =2x 96500= 193000C 8 (a): More negative the value of reduction potential,
(iv) (a) stronger will be the reducing agent thus I is strongest
(v) (a) reducing agent. More positive value of reduction potential
2 (a) Weak electrolytes dissociate partially in shows good oxidising properties thus strongest oxidising
concentrated solution. On dilution, their degree of agent is F,.
dissociation increases hence their A increases sharply. 9. Mg. AI, Zn, Fe, Cu
3. (a) Formation of oxygen has lower value ofE° than
10 The salt bridge allows the movement of ions
formation of chlorine even then it is not formed because from one
solution to the other without mixing of the two solutions.
it requires overvoltage.
Moreover, it helps to maintain the electrical neutrality of
the solutions in the two half cells.
4 (b) Sulphuric acid being strong electrolyte
undergoes complete ionization. 11. At equilibrium, Ecel-0 and A,G=0
OR
50
5 (c):a= Am ’ 0=0.2 x 100 =20%
Am 250 K=x
RA
6. (a):The sulphuric acid concentration is maximum where, k is the conductivity, Ris resistance and IWA is the
when the battery is fully charged. cell constant.
7. (a):Ecel =Ecel 0.059 (Product) 12 Under the conditions of electrolysis of aqueous
Reactant] sodium chloride, oxidation of water at anode requires
Cu ’ Cu +2e overpotential hence Cl is oxidised instead of water.
 56
tG CBSE Champion Chemistry Clase
Electrochemical theory of rusting of iron : Accord
13.
Quantity of theory of rusting the impure
Q =|xt= 2.0 electricity
Ax3x 60 x 60passed
electrochemical
surfacebehaves like small electrochemical cell. In this an
s= 21600 C to
Hg+ 2e > Hg as anode and
other iron surface
2F
2 x 96500 C
1 mol
electricity produces 1 mole Hg
point of iron
cathode. acts having dissolved CO, or O, acts as
Moisture acts:
are given below.
electrolyte. The reactions
21600 Cwill produce 21600 Fe-Fe+2e ;E°olbF-0.44 V
2x96500 At anode:
0.112 mole of Hg
14 Mercury cell : It is a
miniature cell At cathode: 2H+0,+2e Hot wo,Ho=123V
frequent use these days to supply energywhich tino5
for watches. Overall reaction : fe+2H'+0,
2
-Fe+H,0
video cameras, hearing aids and other compact Ecell = 1.67
In mercury cell the anode is devices. oxidised by
zinc-mercury amalgam, and further atmospheric
the cathode is a paste of mercury (||) oxide and carbon. The Fe*ions are
to Fe ions, which
form hydrated ferric OxYg
oxide (rea,
electrolyte is a moist paste of KOH-ZnO.
The cell
reactions are as follows:
Anode: Zn(Hg) +20H 2Fe*+o,+2H,0 -Fe,O, +4H"
(Amalgam) > ZnOs +H,O,y + 2e xH,0’Fe,O,xH,0(Rust)
Cathode : HgO + H,O t 2e ’ HBn + 20H
Fe,O, + electrode is the
Standard hydrogen
Net reaction: Zn(Hg) +
HgO’ZnOt HB0
(b)
is measured
refereng
electrode whose electrode potential is taken as zero. Th
The cell potential remains constant during its life as
electrode potential of other electrode
the overall reaction does not involve any ion in
solution respect to it.
whose concentration can change during its use. x 10S cm.
OR
19. C= 0.001 M, K=4
A=390Scm²/mol
In saline water the presence of Na and Cl ions
Kx1000
increases the conductivity of the liquid layer in contact
with the metallic surface. This accelerates the formation C
of Fe* ions and hence that of rust Substituting the values,
Fe,O,xH,O.
iAuminium has a larger discharge potential than H 4x10x1000 40 Scm²/mol
bns and.thus during electrolysis of its aqueous solution. Am 0.001
Al ions ar nàt discharged at cathode. Instead, H" ions 40
fare discharge at cathode to liberate H, gas. -0.10256:0.103
390
15. Because in electrochemical series, standard CH,CO0+ H*
redution pátential value of hydrogen is greater than the CH,COOH 0

Zn buttoerfhan the Cu. c(1 - )

Ca

T6-Appffcation of electrochemical series: (CH,CO0 H]_ ca ca ca

(i) Higher reduction potentials are strong oxidising agents (CH,COOH|I c(1-«) 1-a
while lower reduction potentials are strong reducing 0.001(0.103) 1.061 x105 - 1.18x 10
agents. Ka 0.897
(1-0.103)
(ii)The electrode with higher electrode potential (E°) acts 20. When the solution of a weak electrolyte is dilute
as cathode while with lower electrode potential willact as its degree of ionisation increases. There is an increx
anode. in the number of ions in the solution. Hence, the mol
(ii) Predicting the feasibility of redox reaction. conductivity of a weak electrolyte increases on dilution
(iv) Predicting the capability of metal to displace H, gas Electrolytic conductivity, k =3.72 x 10 Scm1
from acid.
17. The cell will be represented as Molar conductivity. Am KxC10
Zns | Zn2
() Anode, i.e., zinc electrode will be negatively charged. 3.72 × 10x1000 - 124 Scm mol
(i) lons are the current carriers. The current will flow 0.30
from silver to zinc in the external circuit. OR
(i) At anode : Zn’ Zn aa) + 2e () The alkaline medium prevents the availability of H
At cathode : Agtaa) + e -’AB) ions. This in turn reduces rate of oxidation of Fe to Fe
18. (a) Corrosion is the process of slowly eating away Thus, the rusting of iron is inhibited.
of the metal due to attack of the atmospheric gases on (i) Even if the zinc coating is broken in an iron pipe, the
the surface of the metal resulting into the formation of remaining zinc layer undergoes oxidation in preferenceto
compounds such as oxides, sulphides, carbonates, etc. The iron because it is more electropositive than iron. Hence
corrosion of iron is called rusting. iron does not rust.
Electrochemistry 57

+0.059 0.001
21. () 0.059 log (0.114 x 0025 molL -367x 104
2
0.001 -2 or [M]-10 1-0114
23. () Br and I ions have higher oxidation potentials
than water. Hence. they are more easily oxidized. But
Let solubility of salt bes mol/litre.
Thus, MX,’M+ 2X F ions have lower oxidation potential than H,0. So, H,0
2 is easily oxidized to give O, gas.
(ii) (a) Molar conductivity of weak electrolytes keeps on
. Kp =4s' =4x (10 j4x 10 15 increasing with dilution and does not become constant
() AG -nFEell = -2 x96500 x 0.059 even at very large dilutions. Therefore. A for acetic acid
-11406.3 Jmol-114 kJ mol1
(i) OCI ’CI:E =0.94 V cannot be determined experinentally.
CI’1/2Ci, E=- 136 V (b) Kohlrausch's law states that at infinite dilution, when
OCI’ 1/2Cl,:E;-? the dissociation of electrolyte is complete each ion makes
Applying, AG° = - nfEO a definite contribution towards the molar conductivity of
electrolyte, irrespective of the nature of other ion with
sG -AG; t AG which it is associated.
-n,FE =-(n,FE?) +(-n,FE)
n, =2, n, = 1, n, = 1
- n,E3=-(n,E +n,E) 24. (a) The reaction is:
E- ((2 x0.94) - 1.36) V 2SnCl, SnCl, +Sn
E3-052 V 2 190 261 119
OR 119g Sn is deposited from 380 g of SnCl,
Ag, +Ag' (0.1 M) ’ Ag' (saturated Ag,CrO) + Ag. 0.119g Sn is deposited from 380 x0.119
119
- 0.38 g of SnCl,
0059,-log[AgIsatd Ag,Cro Wt. of SnCI, formed =0.36 - 0.119 =0.261 g
Ecel -Eçel 1 IAg]
Wt. of SnCl, left =19-0.38 =18.62g
0164-005, 0.1
:: Ratio of SnCl,: SnCl, = 18.62:0.261 or =71.34:1
1
|Ag'Satd ACr04
satd Ag:Cro, = 1.66 x 10*M
(b) Eq. wt of K= y -39 g. Eq wt. of Al
3
9 g
|Ag 1

l66x 10 Also, wt of Al deposited Eq. wt. of AI

So, (Cro 2 wt. of K deposited Eq. wt. of K

Ag,CrO4 2Ag' + Cro? Substituting values, wt. of Al (W) 9

19.58 39
KylAg,CrO) =(Ag'(Cro,']
9x19.58
W 4.52 g
-(1.66x 10 2.287 x101? moi³3 39
Wt.of aluminium deposited =4.52 g
22 (a) Water is a weak electrolyte, hence Ao, value of 6.4 6.4
water is determined using Kohlrausch law. 25. () At. wt. of metal -29.63
specific heat 0.216
A (H,0)’H") +(OH) Applying. W Em
It can be determined by knowing the A of three Wc, Ec,
electrolytes HCI, NaOH and NaCI.
Applying Kohlrausch law, Wt.of 22.4Lof Cl, at STP =71g
A(H,0)-HCI) +A(NaOH) -1 A,(NaCI) Wt.of 11.2L of Cl, at STP = 71 x11.2=35 5g
224
(b) Given, H") =349.6 Scm mol Eq wt. of C!,
n(HCO0) =54.6S cm² mol1 2
-35.5g
N, (HCOOH) =46.1 Scm' mol1 Eq. wt. of metal
At. wt. 29.63
a=? Valency
From Kohlrausch law, 29.63
A, (HCOOH) =^H)+ *HCO) Now, 9.88 n
orAHCOOH) = 349.6 S cm mol +54.6 S cm mol 35.5 35.5
=404.2 Scm mol 29.63 35.5
n: 2.99-3 ie, Metal valency=3
Using formula 35.5 9.88
Hence, metal nitrate must be M(NO3
46.1 Scm? mol!
=0.114 (i) Given:W, =985 g Au from AuCl
Am 404.2 Scm'mol
W, =? for Cu from CuSO,
197 63.5
Again, K, 1-«
 COSE ChampionClemistryCla
58
Zn-2e Zn'Anode)
Cu'2e Cu(Cathode)
Using formula.
cellreaction, +2C3
E E () For half
Cr,o144oe
9.85 W
or
197/3 63.5/2 or 9.85 ×3 W, x2
197 635 0.05 lo8
or, W;= 9.85 x3 x 635 V.n6.[Cr"J- 02 M
197 x 2 4.768
Givenf 1 3 3 10M
Again 197g Au requires 3 x96500Celectricity (Cr,071-01 M.[H']-1 x (020
9.85 g Au requires 3 x96500 C*9.85 = 14475C d0591,log
Again, Q|xt 197g En 1.33V. (0 1)(10)l4
14475
t 5x60x 60 0.80 A 133V. o05?1 g(4 x10)
00591 Ilog 4 log 1o")
0 CellB will act as electrolyticcell as it has lower emt. 133 V
The electrode reaction will be o0591
133 V |log 4 55log 10]
Zn+ 2eZn(Cathode)
Cu -+Cu+ 2e (Anode)
(0) With the values of emf, cell Bwill act as galvanic cell 1.33 V. 0059 jo602 +55)
due to higher emf and will push electrons into cell A 782 V
The electrode reactions will be -133 V- 0 548 V- 0