r

Event Space B
"

Quantum fluids
isdefinedbg Molecular
Two state of
'
Dispersion relations Model
system Crystal Ising
a

gases
: -
Ex
-
-
e
a re Measure d with
NE often
neutron
scattering 5=72 Fermi ons 4 anti
independent
? Sis -13µF
# etcitec / atoms is
sym
=

① REB Eground Work around K 71 I Si

-

-0 in the Britain
-
o Zone
.
-
= =

Bosons 4 is ,
Symm
s ×
Csatifies
=

Bragg,
>
No hook for
N Ne #
grand atom, small side
.

Z 2- Peaches
:

② if AEB then ÄEB Zvib

-

2- Zetec Znuclear
=
BH
'

§.ge
trans
-

that
. -

rot two States E- E- =L ZN

come
from ex O
-

acoustic (Brittain
=
N! ,

scatteing ,
.

D=
③ if An Az:( B then Etß Ne ! ( N Ne ) !
S =
Krenn grand
1-
% N mdecule> Zx =
2- ×
" Or
from Optical ( Raman
scatteing ) ZF = e-
BE
2- = 1 + e- PI, e- ZßE z 2N States
A;
-

" ' Enkel ☐

i define density exc.pe
=
YI '

2-
trans
=

Zideae depends Volume

^
nwl Maxwell Boltzmann
magnetisation
-
•
S

E-
[
on
( orollaries : ↳ Neln ¥ ¥ )] I_
-

IN Klenk
_
-

EZßE
- -
-
↳ pressunre 3 optical brauches 1 BE
Zu =
+ 2. e- c-

① ∅ EB ② AMB ÄUB EB NE Vibrationalmodes MIK.tl =

µ Si
1%7,3
=
[ ? . , 2 ! ;
rot
)
✗ (r
=

Grand
-

Eo ( 1- e- Canonical
=

✓( r ) ensemble
banclgab
Er SE =

explodierst ] B)
=
1 + 0 =) M
probabilities
> O
Condition at The Black Fermi
:

bcdy for
5. E electron,
-

BG µ )
Morse Pot
-

13=0
Zu lnzp.me
M -1-0
RF
.

spontane ons Symmetry

=

is BEI
elasticity of Polymers cavity filled
PFIFF!
a
=
PCAIB ) -

PCB ) Entropie harmonica pp with electro -

1-1 e-
breaking
ja
.

! ¥: Magnetic ^
( and
p
1-
given B
Marginal p
→
•
Nt #
segments - s
"+ + N
≤ with
radiation in
equilibrium =

1B Model
[ 2-
Schrödinger eqt-n-h-woln-fl-YY-E.TN -11-1 Ising
-
=
B"
.

? thermal EBEN ) -1
_

N a reservoir
of temperatur e-
; # 1
→

Segments ← +1 ⇐
=
+

Statistical
-

T
independence Plan # 2) =p (Ai ) The
dispersion .sn?=eIY
" " " "" "
'
"
relation for a
Er, FEI
: " Sansa
.

§;
wo
-

<
N
EIN ± E) E Zu §
=

1-
µ
= -
◦ E :
Photons
-
→

}
-1
An independent
.

<
.

, ^ µ
of Az Gas is
{
_

N! Ecu ) -
- Awa ) = Ack „
=

CM -

E)
D= ⇐
◦ {
µ
Bayes ¥5
c-
theorem PIA , B) PCAIBIPCB ) =p ( Brt ) Ne ! N ! S kg Nlp lnp Zvib exp [ ßtiw ☐
Etcitation üm hw (K ) / nüm
-

lnp )
E)
=
= =
+ =
/ at
, p +
Fill all to Zu -1 Zcoshk
up
-

States
-
, ' =

µ
. _ _ .

energy
.

PCAIB ) PCB) P± Tris ≈ Er E- N > 71

Em Eo
=

§ Elk
PCA / B) PIB) 6. 14h
pl ßIA ) = =
? /1 ±
%)
Lo =
Na 1-
exp [ ßtnwo]
≈ C- = 2 /
nä
' t Bosons

N-tz.g ?(2coshk)N- Z K- B F- -krs]TNlnf2cosh?-T

äm
(Zcoshk /
= -

-
=

Force kg fo Hz PKT ) ßRE Zu /

PIA )
§ PCAIB ) PCB ) e- e-
' -

'
F
Zß
2%13 /dä
1
E EK ) +
=
+ +

Fcorresponds
, =
.

ZV " K
%
.

F- ¥ to
% " "K £
-
a
ksth
= =
^
=) f- BCE n
EBEN ( e- µ ,
/
-

=
-1 ( 2,713
=

harmonie "
lßtick
=

BCE µ )

pectationvalueslfs-ffcilpi-fflxlpa.sc/x ←
1 1
C- ✗ Naz e-
-

potentia -
n - -

3<3%1
✓ }
" ^
?
=
nß § Jenen 2-
average < it
:{ ip
-

µ
_

"
(× > ↳ TL
=
"
=/xp ( TIZß
=

U ☐
E Transfer
or "
; µ # '
VT EBEN ) matrix
-

dx = =
.

%au%Ä- fünf
=
-

1
MSD 2 "" ≥
-

o
((i
→
=
(i ) ) 2) ( iz z :< i > + < is
I

trias Ti
-

> low 1)
=

( Si IT / Si
-

T
i ) Twin
T Bosons condense all into the some
Twins c. =
in
-

< z < ist

-
=
' , +
Li > (i ) < ist
-
,
}
state
= ☐z

energy
-

""" " "" "" "" " "

Einstein ""

§}
Step 2- [
. "

Wise
covariance Rotation al Modes manne e
=

/ Ttsz >
Stefan Boltzmann
N
with =

oij =
< ij ) < i >(
j) (( i constant
{s; }
( Sz / TIS, >
(i >
llj j
< > 1) el ' Baltz
-
= -
- . . .

Fermi
Ü Approx
:
-
-

(g) Ö ) Phasespace Velocity

:

ridget rotator : Moment of inetia G =

TIZKß " 4--16=0 v53
>
E
=

# ! Sei / TM ) (T " / ( 1- %
Binomialcoefficentq.LY?!-m.-- ( I)
=
+

Phase Iyer! 604-3<2 Example>

µ ± „ ,

¥9 Space equations
'
D- ( TN )
"

-112N
>

1=0 Metal while

+
cgü Rot around horizontal axis
egal because Radiated A mifvuid : electron in ,
= tr =
t,
Binomial function (pxq)
"
( Ni ) piq " -
i
9- am 4 is energy size
enegyfunx ] dwar f neutrons in the atomic nucki
1
allg Symmetrie
=
=
.

rotation ,

Transfer function
, E Or in Stars
-

EJX '
.

neutron >
] Photons He (Helium
.

) :

I! )
three

0¥ Eigen functions
= ,

( E :/
=
more
IN ;-)
=

+
Liouville s obtained from the S E BOSE fluid Photons (Black Booty radiation
f- Hlsi Sie )
-

A- I t IASX ) At
-

,
=
o theorem are the
-

everywhere but
Ti i -11 eksi Sie + +

spherical " asi

Particle
: =
binomial distribution harmonia Yme 21T ^ - like
phonons ( lattice Vibration ,

only count > if Olarons

EEA ¥ / dfffdcoso
>
„ Cpdarization
Izu
Bh '
„„„ „
g- Probability density Ee with
degeneacy F- Waves
magnonscspiwmae
„„ e- 1-1,2 tz, .TN
an . COSE ,
-11 )
„ =)
,

„ µ
=
,
perpendicular
§ zP÷
-
-

to =
71
F ? TTÜ
2
. .
^
,
=
SE =3 =

cnn.nz.ms )
,

Phase Ge -21+1 Opening )

,

Volume consoved
-

is
Space
EHE
" "
degener aey "" k

( )
-25+1 e
Np gs HING 1531ms T e-
:
P =)
?
-

µ =
o N.p.cl Liouville cv ; ,
;) =

equations

-_~ § Emsnpö
N
E
§£
=
"
85.4K NEEF c- ehem
=

Trat
.EE/iii!f-i-iPi3Tp;]
?
For
.

Hz =

P
Ep . =P / 2m

0¥
,
Uns
Gauss distribution : -

] = " Fermions " "° "

limit only the
0T thermo
dynamic
= :
TL 20k →
liquid A- Stefan -

Boltzmann law 2- =

mir + e- Barry ZG
"

up
◦ =

e- Pan
1 msh )
large
-

A µ

PA ) etpf ¥! [ Ep ¥ ergenualue is relevant

-
-

F- 10000k
¥„ Ep;]
-

=
it dissociate Grand potential
=

[
-

W3 Canonical
zu
¥ ( w)
¥2 expfywye.my
'

; „+ man, dw " " (w) : " '

3%-1 )
217oz µ z krstlnzo-T-krs-pfms.lu
; ,
µ JHLNZN
= =
(1 ± MCT , B)
-

{1-1,9} TB
, ,
Poisson bracket
_

1
N=§ms
= -

heat
Capacity
2%µ
µ + ma EßCEP -

µ)
1=1

%!!
=/
mit For Hz Planus law

/
◦
describes for BBR
deal (Canonical ensemble )
Fermi fluid
a-
pH „ , streaming part for the
probability max at a
↳ = T
¥/ "•
Änne
%fdri.no/dEa-FN/7--%ddJIw=wm-!-O--sphwm--
=

fluid in
Em II.
'

Phase Space Eü .ms

Em ; ,
- =
-

C. 997 m =3 Trat Tvin •

B"
)
ma ""
µ
-

311 e- Number
sar tide isother
-

Von Neumann Nuclear

4- 9
ICH q]
Contributions densityofst.IE, mal
susceptibility
%.ie
:
1

NI
-

Poisson "
?µ
N
Ems " mi "" "
egnatia
'eʳI¥-
Wiens
-

Displaclmcnt # ¥731
>

bound # Wm
-

BIN
covalent °
p; o
Selection 2.82kg -1 ✗ JHM
= = =
=

na , # µ , )
=

Fermi
T.io : +

Einstein Model for specific heut (solid ) ↳ Protons energy ,

Random Walks PIm-wct-o.r.LI

The
PIZ 13127 ?
5=1 E-
=

Grand Canonical
Assume the ensemble jf ln -11
=
in
Each atom
Crystal vibrates en zu
:
=

triplet state degeneacg ,

<×> ( zp 1)
1¥ t (Kis N ) sx with natural
frequency around its 1^7
ft : > )
NE ;§p≤ ! 2% / ¥
a w + i > =3
P!
= =
reservoir and DÄ
-

ortho
. -

hydrogen for
, in
?

energy particle PM
, = -

B-
, equilibrium position In 3D we have a
humber
p
PEPE
- O = > ✗+ =

Equilibrium and
.

drift Velocity Collection 5=0

jz / 1-1=1-2 ;µ=µ , K tanhk )
.

integration
'
It ) ) '
' ↳
of N ) Fermi
-3nA harmonic osci / tales Single degeneres
over
state , Sphere
-
.
- -

n no
Tand #
fixed ( 31721%
(311-2)%3 ✗

hzyp-Espi-1-zgexp-L-B.IE f-
each with 2 d. af µ Er
In QM each
=

h.O.is para
hydrogen law of
=

2mn43
.

Curie
¥-1 ""
.

( ✗ 2) It "P "
?
( (z ; NP > -214 pq
-

9- uantized and
-
+
sx :
integral
can

{
2- c.
= -

Carry Wave func

-

EFF
an
antisymmetric under Part exch
;D ( YI µ Ni ) =
expf-p.IE N µ |]
-

% BZ !
for
-

)
.

µ
¥5
. - -

numbe
-
.

c-
of DCEF ) XT
< <

quant Fw Csi Sj ) Xt
-
:
a
. _

Diffusion D
-

¥11,21 Yo ( r ) Yen ( EI ) / Ssz )

_

02=4×2 )
.

= ,
2. D. f energy
JDE
,
E- Aw /
= „
-

¥ + Q) Q overall # Quar ta
,

Grand E N DK ) En k ) :
Canonical
potential
- =
' + ' + ^
.

411,2)
-

or in d dim : Pnz ( 1,2 ) = ( -

1) 411,21 -

O
Q Quar ta distr States 3¥ / NTIKJDCE.tl/--fluctuationdissipation theorem
?

(E) 2- d. D. t
.
over N .
YCFV µ ) E : =
TS
E- Eo-

+ N ☐ ( Er / ( Kost ) Cv > = /

5=1 ( or tho ) ( 3,5 l Odd

-1N
-
=
: = 1, = , ✓
SLCEINI :

S 0 ( ( 2,4 ) l 4 Full Solution Per tubation fied

parat even E Mean
= =
o,
KBTLMZG
=
= -

Fokker Planck -

equaticn N° " " HH / Hat -1 Hi

Relaxation 1
=

year
equilibrium Probability Krgtln ZG
time to UICTN µ /
Canonical ensemble
The
for ! en /trfe
=

! Macroscopic Value BEI " "

=
B
-

ß ( ✗ it ) "
) ☐ =p -1911¥ a -

Fe
'
(× , t par tition BFH )
Vp (× , t) Dp
-

=
+ ✓ um ,
en
- -

due ( ENI P "

=

[
to Weak interaction "

¥ very energy
KYI
'

is
ß e- BEI BEI p( EIN / / 41T )
=
:
>
p;
{ e- ICE
NIEXPEßIE -1N) ZV
dpln / 1
.
= -
=
e
p
=
t
2- = F ( c) Fo F- (1) F
Restricted
, = =
Sum,
Part
General form Boltzmann distribution tr { the
-
" "◦ + " " ^ )
}
lll -11 / Trat
2-
§ (21+1) exp [
] EXPFßCE (µ > 1
=

ZKRSTV
=
or tho
)]
=

# expf ßYCFV f- 512¢ )

-

Pkt)]
>

ipcxct ) Jxfnvcxlpcx t) Jx DAI For ts

-
= ,
Classical MN
-

T =

)
-
=
Mamikonian
System
-

e- 131%+1411
-

},
{ }
,
tr
-
.

, ,µ µ
PCÖ ? /5) 1
e- 13245 :p,
2-

#
( 2L -111 exp [ lll -111 Trat
]
=
Para =

}
-

'"
{ Hieß " " ""
}
•

ßftr
ZN ! 43N ×
Mean first pis maximal if 4 f- 5,2Gt ¥{
T
,
Zdxln ( 1-1 e-
=

time is minimal
-

„„
D= 1 Steps ✗ 2-
passage
=
.

13171
für fdjdp-se-PK.IE { e-
Er + Hi
2- " ,
}
+
time T
After
◦

long
=

TH / time Zrot =3 2- or tho Micro S EBM

= Tt
? [Text S / + TA -
g )]
+ 2-
para
: max ✗ 2- ßPZ / zur 2- =

PC " " "" ^ '

( { } 2

/
tr
-

the
-
Canonical
}
Comments : " F min -

÷: Fg Julen
" 1- ( H
"
dis is 4 N Zo ( ßZ / Jzln Zo BCHO -1++1^1
Grand
Station
=
From Liouville> Boltzmann
arg Canonical min Er }
=
+ 0 ① theorem
{ e-
=

P :P " " its

Zabsorbing 1-(b) reasonable to associate it with 4 ECT,µ ] ( (HP )
2¥ ( Jz / f-
Toko ( ß
reflecting.TL b) 4th > 2)
Legendre 2¥ f- (
=
is
=
the ZD
=
-

)
=

( ZI
=
2- =
z
-

equilibrium g- „ ,
TCH ( bx transform
.

2) night
=

BGH
?
)
-
=
✗
of from the ( tu > ) ≤ 0
-

② motivated energy
by information theory ¥µ
,
B. D
-

The can be .

02N = ( MB )
extensive
19¥ /
[
FH ) ≤ Flott
1¥ variables
Maxi Mises
% ( Sint to the
H U
( t> =
txldx = entropy such that =
LED -
-
const
↳= spring anstarr t
µ

Debye intensive ¥?
,
,
Model Fermi pressure
Probability for Energy •

Gj Gn variables (
- - -

qj ; ;
- "

TM) ◦ F ≤
Fu Bogoliubov
Ins GET
PF
=
Fo + <µ , >
limit B / E- ist
Equations
ßE
Central
f- DIE / e-
,
theorem : of "
JE /
PCE ) 1- e- e- Atoms do not state
.

P inequaiiig
: ◦ -
◦

üims
= = _
-
=
-

Z
Collectively
The Oscillaleby themselues but
fied theory ( Ising )
„ „
Mean
Ifa
independent
of
3¥
Sum variables
Many
3¥
Pis if s N -
max Fis
p=
= -

min
by
-4¥!
Each
displaced
¥-3
is
-

Atom its
has qnltl from since
a Gaussian dist after Eü -

hi ✗
rescaling DIE
¥Eyg
☐
equilibrium 71
.

position
JEF
=
1 T ✗ n a
Fluktuation >
= - = -

Tsystem Treat
„
Sisi
=
= -

bath
Shannon cjn K (
entropy S Fn ✗

E. pienpi
m

EGIL
9- ) c- ü ◦
= =
(
9- e) klfn-is-fn.ee -2ft
-

K
>
-

qm 9-
EYTH
-
=
=3
-
= n + ,

§
-
n
IN >
? Pini
n

f- Faenza
-

= = -

=
Continuum limit Ä
,

Equilibrium cjq
"

{
" "
B
'
( Si
homogene free energy FCTIKNI
-

= o ( Ka /m ) =
min helmholtz
-

s ◦
=

Ez
ons
pi
= const Solution
p -23¥ 25¥ ¥ Nko-j-k.IE
-
:
=
9- n ( t ) Kna )
S Aeilwt
ensz
-
=

Ihn 2-
=
? +
0N ( N2 )
f- Jahn ) ¥
-

?
(
_

= -

N) =
=
s B- Jz ( so > Jz tanh ßB
F-
4mF
"
CIF
=

CKTS )
-

DE Tds Pdl -1MDM

=

TUS SDT
Entropy
=
+ '

(E) | ¥ §
=
wcu )
for
- -
=
is Isin
dis
-

max nom
=
. =
EDKK Er intersect ✗ 0
① Kz
only
.
=
> =

¥
AN < 1
' SDT pdv
=

+
KL
=
.

NZKßTK
-

?
µ
Dcpllq / { pxln first Britton in ON
Kiijntensive
-

Divegence
-
÷ :
Restrict to intervall Na < „ < +, a , "
K2
-

Zone ?

Cond
equations of State
" v
ON ✗ N
p Es # Er
-13¥) ② Kz > 1 = > two inter .

neighbor
"

Sky ) MFB
in phase
entropy
Ey
.

s e = 1

Pxiyenpxiy 3¥ 2¥
.
= -

LI
5-

Fü AFN -2%
other
P kc ?
-
= -

against
each >
Tc
"
µ osci
=
=

Mutual information boundary

>
.

E
=
= ^ = :

% / F) ↓
e
""
-

= -

"" "
> Fermi
gas : repulsive interaction
" "" " """ 2- d
ICKJI § Pagen !!!!

pxyln.PE?=Sk-i-SHyl--SlgI-SlyIx)joi.ntSlxiyI=
4¥ /
cubic
FCFKN ) arrangement
:
's -

§,
= -

Kosten ZCT, v. N ) (s =
= a , ↳
incompressibility of matter
ZG
-

Jen
, (E)
Jßln ZIß )
„„
(E) = -
2- = 4 = > Kc =
14=0.25
/
=

fluid
-

er BOSE €
tzzk ? Nconserved
finite Size L N Pericdic boundary =
Varian ce
Jß
a
system :( s>
- -

of -2m
magnetisation
-

m
energy
:
Cond Boris Karman
?
ßµ
von

JßZZ
.

E-
.

pxiglnpxiy {ypxiylnlpxiypy ) G- ( Ed ) (E) 2 ( Jß 7) Cfn -9m boundary Conditions

Consequences
- =
= = -
= -

fluid )
-

µ
for tanh
+

§ ( ßßß
Fermi M
,
(E) D. ? € ( like =
ßB ≈
ßB -

Jplnzo -1µW >

= (E) ✗

Jß f- Jßt )
-

( >
ei " "
Slxly Jß
= "
/ lnz Jß < ES > }
Sly )
?j
=

( Fz ) / ¥
=
=
1
-

+
kg Mode
=

¥
=
>
j ± 2 other the m2
-

: c , -1-1
E ≥ ≤ o
=
Wise
3
-

c
.

µ )
. .
.

e
-

a
-

Ideal
>

SCX , Slx )
=
KBT JT / E) Kg T2 ( ✓ ( T) Oscilators (Canonical with would have Infinite
gas
\ {
g) =
Sly / ✗ + = k) k discrete = ) N d. o .
f = > N
=p
Remain :
53 ( K¥-142
M ≈
left Statist material Occupation
IH;
y)
:c
right property 1k =

2¥ number

witht-z-Ymu.TT
Slxiyl
(¥)
SG ) Sly ) "
↳
Example for E- fluids
+
-
=

the Bose
fluktuation dissipative theorem ideal
Energy
-

to "

Moving on
.

%) / #¥ ) %fE.ME/dp-zP-m2e-BEme Algos
) MC
information
9¥ Fu # modes
§
mutual (E N 31T
SCXIY ) ICX ; y ) SCYIX ) - = } =
=3
E
-

NIE
-

=
i , +
}
YIZ
Metropolis

algorithn.IE/p-e-PIme1OPicuaspinirandom--Ve&ePN/-
SCXIY ) SCY ) ✓ =L
M, a
es

zceinN-f.IN?(ePMY-s) N-- - exp-lzY-sJfugacityz:-

Condition al Ya }
-

Non intoacting :
= N
-

scxl scy / × )
! ! 2- =
{
3¥
c.
Je / ¥33
3N
-2=-2 " F- kgtlvlnz
1ps
'
S (✗Y ) joint 2- =
Single partick part Sam -
.

"
in ② Calculate
Changes
Kmax
energy
W
Space :
Maxwell distribution
# Modes 3
/ CPK ¥
{ " MK > dk
EPM E

ftp.pingthespinE-3-zkrsT#sGg-yCz)--3-kgTNe
=
Prob particle 9512 upon
=

the
MICRO CANONICAL ENSEMBLE
.
dw to find some in a)
3
,
> ( Z)

[
Momentum intervall ③ If
Micro States
p ≤ ( psl ≤ ptdp
2,3¥ Varian ONZ
1ps 93 (H BE ( O accept
=
# Classical V ce
2µW > N
Classical dwwz ?
=
= ,>

TIM
}
7/
=
W 3N
gas
=
+ KÖ) ④ If AE 70 mit -

LÜGT
>
" accept

{¥!)
]
2T,
§ KT ( Fa )
| § ᵗE≤ T
=

F-
1
(✓ know
•

dw ' =

41T e- ßP BAE
> =

ICE ) CIÄ )
Probability
'

F e-
= m

Debye frequency
"
p dp
= >
,
sn
„ µ,
E- ( 217m
legt / % GR N %
algorithms
>
heat bath

ES
7kg :p-7
-

E- SE
fdw ( ) Classical fluids
≤ such that
≤ 1 Wo ( ideal Ideal
fermigas
= =

3. g
gas
s ≈ :
For an ideal ✓
gas ① by random
EE Em 41¥ [ apple.fi/-ePCP2/2m-MY
¥" Pick Spin
"
"" " ✗ i
ln Boltzmann 71
=

{ 3¥; ßp
"
R for ≤
Kß ( Im > of
"
D=
Density
=

E Diw ) wo
{ NUßT
-

=
N
-
-
= =

Postulate ②
=

for >
States " " Calculale the
effective
( fdj)
a w
was
Ziel PP " "
fdp e-
ideal Qctal
Magnet
humberto
gas
ization mi
resulting
frequency ¥
:

Space fj
= .

3N / 2 3N / 2 (z)
VNTI
[/
4-10-21
°

ICE , 4N ) ( 2m E) Oxygen Kß F-
] from the
neighboring
:
, ,>
400mg
vmax [ )
{( ) 3N CIWDCW ) -1 Spins
§
= =
( 3 = )

Ä
= .

PHP
. . . . . . . .

HIN N ! ( 3¥ ) ! free path length to

-

7m Collision time 2.10%

" ◦ des
density g- - =
""
§ ③ Cakulate the
energie
mean

Gkv > ≈ Each

„ ^ + eßcpzazm -

µ ,
Debyemcdel
YIN
0.67 broad distribution :
allowed K mode is

↓
→ o ne
of down
% FÜ!
-

21mg placing up
= =
or

Käufen [( ¥ ) / " TIME "

E}
harmonic
S -
-

3h2 N
) ) + Barometer :c formula
according to
oscillator
the rates
that is
of quantum
quantized '
✗ =

,
"
,
„
„× "
Spins in this
Magnetic
Temperatur
Ideal
gas
in the
gravitation alfield Mechanics f- ICH ¥ =

, §
✗
,
2- = e
environnement E± =
FJMIFB
Fid Kosten Zid z.se
§! TIM
,
_
=
71 = ,
partition
-

{ mghi } Single ④ Place

,
particle Sum
-

In
-

+
a
JSCE , N) low nen
:
1 with
spin
N¥= Ghost
v, T/
high g
0¥91
Btw / 2 , -13 >> 1 2- i st
e- Pid g
=

2- ( w) the probabilifies
-
=

2- IT
=
: =

Probability
=
at :
find particle heighth : 2- ( W

2¥
)
=

JE to
TCE KNI „ N ln 2-5=-1-9 Elena ß (Eu )
e- ßE :-/ ( e BE
PET
)
1 Paw Mode ,
=
µ
ypy
- -
-

P± e-
-

,
-
e
, =, e
Preserve
=

CIW
expf-m.g.tn
+
= -
B]
dh E-
Jßlnz [
tnwfeßtsw
^

^5 )
Pairwise additive inleract potential Ideal Dose
gas Glaube dynamics
= - =
( h) 7.5km
+
zsl ENN ) PIEKN )
/
=

Z
!! Im
Modes ? d
tik / 2m
'

C- V (
" )
=
,
7/
-1¥ !
= =

" n
_

① random
=

E-
£ § by
↑"
OV TIEIYN ) qui partition theorem Eo e- BE
" "" ' s
picnaspin i
dw
Zg
^
-13N
. -

EIN
=
(w ) = "
? nun
Btw
Lennard ②
night )
Classical limit ( each
In the , calculale effektive
.

Jones
e the
pot
-
1
o

Ev !.is?Is.wEh.i
, °
.

3¥ %
1
f- { ge ?
""
(E) ]
" B "

k¥-2 ¥5
"" "
quadrat ic er Hin "

magnetisaticn
=
=
term
/
-

Hamilton [(F)
-

in the
eßtiww Ucr /
-

4€
-

mi
=
/ an = ,
=

DIW )
-

Bka µ )
.

Waal,
-
-

"" n
from
„ e
contributes factor ? Van de
neighboriy
-

T
partition Kato ↑
✓
in

resulting
a
to the (
¢ grand can pot
2
Bkw
Sum
-

1) Bar " interac !

.

repuiision Spine
.
.

0¥ / s.ru
U
e- BCG
ßTTW µ)
Fsln ( Zg / 1ps { life
= -

p R -

Other
③
=
= -

quantities
=
the

µ
calculaie
-

2-id-1-wfdNq-e-P.SE
"

2- " " ) energy

=3
(✓ ( T ) GNKB e
"
u
" =

; ij = Z ;D -

Zinr
# kg Ten T ""
=

|
free energy
°

Kosten 2s mi
Ip Ad ich Charge
F- IE
Kd
" '

§
=
z
43m upon
=
- -

e- BEI
= -

Particle
-

2 .

humber (eu die

^
1) ln ( 1-
-

p 2-

E flipping
-

entropy
.

JSLENIN ) ( E. V. N)
S =
_

0¥ , fzkrslent )
=
-11
limits ① KßT tnwr ,
id (21T / d
the Spin

/ Ey ¥ / EIKN )
>> um
internat
energy u
#„ ,
extensive
Sub
13¥42 ④ Accept
= -

aßen the flip with

=
≥ ✗
-

intg
= =

JN •
Scale = ) 42 e
"
6N d. af part . .

heat
B)
≈ ^ > (✓ (T ) JNK , "

:# e- BAEK + e-
=

€↳
=

Capacity N
probability
with

59¥
<✓
"

' ↳
(eu
Iaf! "
= -

1) '
p
-
=

j '
=
t =
-

EN / sie
C-
µ
-

trivial theorem ⇐ ""€

② kgTK.TW ☐ u >> 1 um → es
Lennard
potential
Jones ,
,

geneic
,
Xi phase diagram
ja f-d) (zl
=
ai Pi posormon n (H
fixed dis
,
ensemble
interpret
:
.
"
R
12T }
pv
.

[ (T )
.

Equations of state /§ )
=

Fini
-

NK, TD TWD / KB F- Fid

3¥ ) f- für /
Kosten 7- t
✓ =

Hi
=
=)
/ e- P
"
= =
-

Imsa isolated
'
fundamental xi VNE El
-

Micro
_

5
-

F- DE F- du F- AN FÜ / T.ru
.

E-
ds + equations D=
0¥59 of lnp.IS 9- System
-
-

IEEE:
- _

3N
Debye
=
night =
Pid +
Pin ,
= -

R "
e- P
=

#
Canonical VNT
Debye laut
system
-1
DE =
Tds -

pdv +
MAN Einstein Virial
expansion expansion in E pv
neatba "
grand VT
: =
"" " "'
f- ÷
t.ge
- -

µ
ideal
gas
+ ✗
NE =
KBT ? / dr e- P
" ☐
low density around the
idealgas Critical temps
↑ + pat

Griff;) Typica
.

wahres at
=
KBTS ; -
_

reservoir

f- pxpzor higher because

.

ZÄ Correctionis
/ ?
" in ,
Entropie
¥ G(
101
=

E-
3- Nkrsi Cs Hz
in 5.000 was
) for
> =
a- ≈
( 11 Tc
=
n
-

„ w
=

Sij
Cv : = 3N "
specify to
pos and harm potential
1-☐ ≈ 700K they arrise if two
porticus or Sm =
kglnzm

( ¥19 Ferien Krglfnzmt

9 '

ß ( HK )
More Collide h
.

Sc
.

ideal
gas law Phoncns : The excitaticn of the lattice .
= )
Tc =
=

thermal eG .

Vi f- mwzq ? KBT EIB :( TIPI ( TI 940cg) 2mn )

PV NKBT quasi particle KßTB >
=

F- ¥ / =3 be consideed Pint
=
can
of state as = =

¥q;)
= .
< 9- i
⇐„
=
< qilmwct ;D =
ZU:S with
energy TW .
Discussed here : acoustic Sg =

krsflnzgt ßCH ≥ -1DM H

B ; (T ) trivial

IF
Modes '
2 transversal 1
longitudinal
are coefficents '

%N / Gibbs
.

krg-tapply.to N
¥ (E) dat
momentan
( v ;)
-

=
"
frequency nee ) so Epi
=

uanishes K
Optical lowest kg lnlpi )
-

for
_
= -

o.
EN
-

oraler
-

EIN !
,
kosten / ¥)
Ti =
( Ti > =

KYI Modes have a

finite frequency value at

Fifi
M =

( Pi ) K [ arrises F NKBT [ler Cgt

] ) 1 Bz 9)
Em )
-

C if Unit all
=
+
( p;
-

atoms]
-

-
has '
^
kost several
-
.

% /dä
=
21T; > =

there be 3 3 opt Modes but

=
acc
9kg551
can
p Bz 9] ""
.
.
=
+
e .
Often
.

some of them are

degenerale
N­
N­
J­
o­
 Zettel stuft
'

Math fluid virial 2 Problems alt klausur Grand Canonical

ZD BOSE
-

:
- ^

for any function BCE M Canonical form ensemble

Smooth
fcx.gl N
¥ fdp )
Akg Zog ¥ / Grand to
Virial
-

=
( e - n : = .

coefficents
,
ideal
F- Ig
E. ✓ Classic ,

0¥ / 3¥ / from
¥-7 Frei
Cam " B2 " ) Ucr )
◦
"
e-
^ B"
spp P =
M
harmonica oscilators NIEPMN
=
-

2%1--2 Gdp
-

( classica,
=

e
g. , ZGCTN µ ) ZCT ,
-

§
v

.ae?CT!=YYu1-&g.Pg!!!
=
✗

EE H-i.EC#+m-w2qiY
, ,

2- (
① relativ istic E. TKM )
PL ¥¥
:
non o ① bring form
=

to = "
2- CTNINI
↓ 2- ^^ "
-
-

Math :
um

Usefcel 13k¥? Canonical part

E. eßinkfdp
Micro Sum ,
N
¥
.

e-
> >

② "

fd9NDNP-fo-CE-tkp.gl high 71
,

mkroidspfdisq
„
D=
(E-SE-HIp.gl)
In Kemp pan
¥ fp.ge
-

: G-
=

SUMS :
-

HN

±, Eq ! III E. limit 2- expand Number fluctuationsin ideal

"
"

n.ie?nii..-ii?E-'K--O
<< 1
"
Ea #
'
"
G. →
Gi →
pi Fm
pi Gases " }

# ([ e-
-
,
P
zmkrsidp )
?
-

ZG OTZ )
_

Zc Znz
% ¥ %ᵈµ
zzz
=
=
"" + + +

¥ E. TI # EE -1=9^1
IN (¥) / dqwdptr
.

"
K :O
"
D= ( 2min12 • (N > =

^^
¥3
=

% B /⇐
.
=

¥3
=
^ £1
>
e- "
§ p N 2=1.2
§[ qkk ¥
=

-11112m ) {⊖( ? ))
}
' N ( zum krgt )
.

=
nen ( p? G- ( E (N >
=

? -11 E + - -

SE & ) ,
;
-

=
-

.
;
9^12-1--9111=-27
.

= ,
? "

¥1 fdffdr.ie
^

Y-snePMYI.fi / ¥5 )
2-
P " " -2 )
-
'

Zz
→ c
6 1-
Ni )
• -

E
'
:( mi
-

anm ßCE 2-

ggg
_

µ
=

§ e-
-

. . . . . -
c.

relativ istic C- , =

(f)
.

cp
E)
'
;)
=

" ' ✗ =

§ ( piz + ,

÷
"

¥ ELI /
"

])
B "
VIE )
=
"
(
44¥ / drrze
" " "
dxüx →
aß Fg
- =

A ""
N
"T "
Kurt ( z )
-

= =
:
zu =

CßC / 2h2
, ,

HN „
(N >
Iß zu enzo CFV )

£
ßncp
=
µ

d¥µ
" ✗ =

± GX es
¥
¥2 ?
,

(± a. × )
↳ TV !
{ " E- " " " " ""
ON
'
< N
'
> < NY

.EE:9#,.szc*n--oK!Gz(z--1l=9(zI-.TYSinhCxI--
relation KPM
5¥
- -

Euler
=

.tw/N1..EN( ¥, ) zugegen
_

"
e =
(s
§
= e- -
: =
=

,
-13
( Fs ?
/ en ¥3 / 4 Kosten Zo PV Emp
-

"

( Fw / ¥
^
f- rasend Nur + = =

¥0
-

→
-

= -

F- µ ( FCN > (
II )
,
✗ + + iv ) =
Kisten
Now

2¥
2) of
6 9- -

¥ Tc
M¥ 43 Equations State =3 =
ln Z
1ps / ftp./Y-1.z/.-ifg1zYy7-j
-

"
_

≈
,
Dimensional
¥ ¥
>
fermi
¥9
Two
Coshcx )
¥
1
TEE / „ E
+ +

NIES
= + " " ,
^ 1-
'
-
E- Niest 2N =

fluid
,
Salmhofer
,

2-22-2+0 ( Z3 ) )
w
Eu = K -

Ek den ( zo +2-17 +
.

PYZM
tanncxt ✗
Es 4¥ Kisten NET ] Classical Ep
=

7- (Lu )
+ ^
-

÷ =
+
P"
-

orthogonal
=
zur

2¥ ) -22+012-3)
?
¥5
Tr e-
2- <
(Zz ON
1ps kost
2%1
2- d Plane 1- =P
=
= >
≈ Zeit +
-

cotanhr ) eigenvectas 3¥ NKß

¥3
^
er
Eg
=

%EfE.de-PEn.it/$ne=EaEuelimcotanh---1limcotanh--
= =

§g
+ -

"" " Nfn T) =

>
µ]
e- ideal erster
¥2
2- (
,
" +1
used Bose
-

[ encnxx
,

) ↳
^ / ≈ x
gas
, =
×
( e-
-

= we -

genug × B"
e-
¥3 93,2 ( fdzp
^ ^
(N MMI ) 9- 1-
§%„
PEK > ) Z =

e- PE " for
-

n=o
=
z
=
e
1 =
e- ✗ < a 1
EBEN
:
→
( 217kt 2- +1

Debye Model
✗ → es
+ → -
es
corrections to the virial expansion •

4¥ ¥ 097¥ ¥µ
BE
Er

fdp
KE e-

:#
cotanh q
¥2
cs
=
p
¥.jo
=

cotanh Classicallimit
-

pv
_

as
-

3NPdweIY-w.ee?j-f.-,---Vf9+Bz92+OCg31]
=
_
-

9%
, "

Ina
2- " zieß + ,
(
=
= q
E- Eo

ER jzi
-

*
Yßrz
°
-

?
fing tanna-t-of.iztau.tk " -1 e- 1- ß
;-] → dt ß das
=

NÖ :
-

,#
.

qq ¥,
=

!.ge?E-,?-;ji
= =

gn.CN#,z--eBM=yu-.bfg-Z
zm-pjdtz.se?-+,;w=kz-=9NkrgTnjduu3
PER
=
> "
¥ j "
In
III. tanhcxl
: 1 „
µ -

e-
◦
. Nini "
:-#
ein Sinn ( x ) : o
him Sin " " = •
( H > = Tr ( 1- le
-

B"
) = -

Ipsen Zc
¥3 § ¥ # =

ß = ßG
≥
(Z)
°

/
>
II Genie )
ᵗ
, e-
'

ßzdz
✗
; Ja
→ es
-

✗ -10 eins " " u

¥
= = , + 2-

EßZE 1)
-
-

- ,
^

(
.
^

¥3
-
¥1 s.in#'=1limcshH--
?
(H > E. 1-1 ( Z)
ON einen -1<-1
9¥
=)
91,2 92,1g z)
= = = =
lenkt
✗ -70

=p:-," ¥
. "

(N 1ps
,
BKBTS
Zu Enzo
-

>
Zdz
u

ZG ln
-

+ =
=
"
( II Neumann
¥2 cosncxl = -
I h ! -5nF eentropy : ^ ? Fermi
gas
2- e ^
Jen / 7¥ 1)

ygpjs-gy-yczmz.ph
= -

Zi ) -22+04-3 ) µ
-

,
-

{ JßKßT
-

9N Ksk ( 272
Kgtr ( pclnpc ) & BUBIS
} 717 (N
2¥
=
+ >
S + ≈
- -

encn ! ) nlncnl
=

Stirling
-

n = -
.

? IE
6°
§)
,
(n : en ( 2-
kg
-

> =

3N krgt
=
es
( lnpc > <N >
-
=

913
? z ≈ For T

FAI
'

/
0 EF
-

ax = =
µ
B " In
g,
e- dt ¥
# phonon
whee e- "> =
,

831¥
( N ) 2mm /
pc =) (
- : =

eßcev -11-+1
_

Maxwell
Constructions
,
es Ideal para magnet
-

S5 2mi "
?
f- kg { lnzc
N 8Mt
IF
=
as

ßH > G-
=
(
[ sj
EILE
+ N
H Cs ) hm +
pv µ Iz BOSE Einstein condensation the
-

is
-
_

f
^
-

S
=
✗ -

TCS ) e- ✗ DX kg ( lnzcxß ( H ) ) i "

Phenomena of
/%
macros
= =

Tun
-

(
=
2m
S ( sn .SN/ESn-- { "
2N possible
Fzw
>
}
=

± 1 µ
-

of
=

accumulati
_

+
. .

copic on

)
◦ P"
=
-2 ln ( 1 - e- +
Coney "
FM
?
KßT ground
> the
41¥ ( 2m ) bosons in
ßE
, ßHCS ON
E e- !
es
2- (
=
=
""
" "
[
§!
"

f et quantum
Ideal State function
t
gases
Wave
dt son

¥61
-

= * {± ; Bosons above TC
beuow a Critical temp
Classical
fluids 2
INT
'

¥3
eBhmsi.TN/(ersnm+e-psnm-Termions2-d.LxLyj--1sjc-
On ) and Closer to
( ßg > 1-
=

, =
[ (z < Tc .
Tc is
◦ „

Ig V -19+1329+099 boudary { In } Pericdic Cond absolute Zero and detemined

-

? ¥3
j ,
<N

↑
.

, > ( )
by
" ×
93,2 Z the particle density ncz -1)
=

e- 1
-
-

2¥
"

[ coshcßhmi
9- ¥ II.nen -4 2¥ nyej
Chemical potential
=

✗
(N > nx at
•

= + Zero
-
=

%%
Za " )
4- 2h2
% IN > ✗ IN> a - ein

Iß [ Zcosh (Bhml] E
0
Jzlnzc -1ps ler Z ln =
=
2- f- =
,
=
-

? zu
Energy fluctuations
§ M¥3,2
" ×
?
e- B " "'
¥n Nmtanhlßhm dish of BEI
/ Mdr 1) )
( Tk (e N1 k
Space region is area
Bz
„E÷ e-
a
-

2M
#{
=
-

× Tc
-
=

Fomions
=

Cr
-

near = =
E.
Mk ? The k
Space Area
Occupied >

4¥ ( 2m13 F
-

"
ON ?
0¥ KßT
u Nhmtanhcßhm )
BZCTINF ) by state
=
-

single particle
-

NKBT ( 1
=

PV
E. TELE>
=
+ a is

Taylor expansion
-

"
85% ( 2m13 µ
"
^

? 2¥ 2¥ 211¥ | ?
and
Ey =L ¥+1 ß Hm
> ?
(N >

:-X
=
2s -11=2
=
(„ since
kg gs
=

£
-

¥
=

"
0¥
± ¥+2 (( EZ ) ( EP )
"
COS " ( B" " )
=

X "

M¥7 ) # |
"
- =
-
>
=
Nambu of States with < K
E- -
,

✗ Ihn t-Np.mn ,
:O
n =
NCKI TIKZ
1¥
=
= ?
(✓
OE
~
" "
[
=

¥ 1) X
241744%3%-3
?
c- >
a- "
2 zu
KßT (
=

unstable ON (N >
system
=

, grand canonical
n -
o
"

III
Bosons
¥ -22¥ 2¥ Ig E. NZNZC #
DK ) Noel ✗ < N
3

ftp.EZNZcprobabilistic
E IN

2%-1*1 .jp?dp
>
-

>

Constructions
=

Maxwell
_ -
-

as
^
-

:
,

| taz
,
" ✗

e- dx [ free N -

:
✗ N Gibbs _

EBEN
'
pv
=
-

µ +1
/
= =

1ps Zulu Stuft

+
energy ) E- = E DK ) na / DE =
Zo
LN

[ ᵈᵗ¢¥z ) ¥ %!
>
µ
µ¥→
=

P (N
¥5,19
0

¥¥
)
"
=
x
Numbe fiuctuations
-

IN
es
-

"
= =

%
=

µ + p V at
>
ßH n to step function
e- [ C- ßH / .TT -7¥
Fmln Zg
(3)
¥ G- %
=

:/
P ( 31 P [ N "

fqczi.EE?E-E
=
N ≥ = 1 -
"" -

IN > =

EDKldc-j-II-si-N-hl.nl
-

n →
" E : '

e- MCs )
For
coexistingphasesl PCNC 31 +
two +
µ

(Eg EIN ZNZC )

= es
?

¥g !!
# 2-
G the c-

¥ equilibrium
and in

IL.IN?NlEt--,-,AI-a=--2G==TImNN--Y-*l-EFfr
E. fdp-ep.fm 1-1×77
=

N
✗ intensive andy
-
-

parameters Tip Canonical

-

( N2 )
2

have to , Stoff sportives : = -

< N> =
oi
be the Sane : ß Es
{ e-
1ps 3¥
2-
OL
ßVP_
=

" ' da '

> =
( T, P )
=
-
=
U =
( Tip
, µ G ) "
zu
^ ① distinguishable Classical
" here
distribution Function for " At -1=0 all
n =

f- enzg n pv
-

levels
energy
-
=

ZBE

¥ ;W
'" 3. BE ßE
" Zc 1 + e- 3. e- +3 e-
position Vfixed
=
:
+
absolute -= g.
c. e = >

gar
Ising
Model from E O
Up
to the
-

BE, Ucrij ) compressibility

-

rät e- ② Spin 112 fermions The ( isothemae )

PCÄ =

I Chemical
fully ¥ %ˢ
.

,
. .

.
-
☐
Es Ucri ;) pot µ
are
BE ZBE KT f- ¥
fdrs drive
it e-
- -

e-
,
_
.

. - ' ^
Occupied 2- = 2 + 2 ,

hütet liquid
(
.

"
Super BOSE )
pff
'

Prob that F ( no 3 States Ori

particle is at n Spin ③ Bosons = >
KT
Öder YETI
=

3 BE

{ dvpctit
fi ßE e-
Füssli fe > BE
rät ) e-
V1
-
-

nuit V2 V3
+
_
-

Zc 1 +
=
with and { =D
-
=
e +
{ =
o =

1B MODEL
-

, , ISING
ßW VL
SDÄ drü ( £ SCF rü 1) e-
sinh Zi E) e-
°"
2+ e-
BI
Random stuft
H
JET
[
T
-
=
snsn ,
Computing
" =
g
=
-

=
>
Vc )
^
.

Pr / Va cogy
.

dvp (TV )
. = .

=
-

PW ,

driü

§.IT?Fsnsn+
Part
Sari e- f
'

v. PANIN jdßlnz
.

• " "'
. .
,

u
[
"
.

☐ 2- ( ( Zi ) (z (E) e-
=§„
=
PWCETRI
'
rü ) e- 2-
-

=
= =
+ [ =

drjü e-
.

/ dri ,j
.
-

N
If several existent GEH
.

phases
.
.

can
=

¥ ÷ Er T.FI?a+..e'
Sdri
'
drü e-
Bw
a. "" "
[
.
-

"

¥
T.pl with
-

anstaut
7%
the E-
. -

one

±!
-
=

.
Ny low est Chemical potential SNEE -11}
'

nice / =
g the
^
w :O µ is Stable At the transition " ^

length
"
2 (e [zcoshlß] )]
-

Free
.

path )
BI

fluktuation
e-
=

1B ISING night thermal

+

strong
:
Chemical
→
Point
Z Par ticle Ei Ei the
potentials g-
FIX
=
,

✗ e-
hz ( Ei ,
Ei ) = NCN -
s )
We
'
equal .

' f- =
-

hast Nen / zcosh

%-)
a"
Single Particle States Prob to more
fredy WEI -
_

Energy
free path length
n

µ are Mean
4- ally 0%4
✓
I "
Occupied ( N 1)
Jtanhfß])
I
< si
" '
: Vo Sie , > (tanhh / eientanun U
§
=
- - - - - - -
-

=
.
= - -

" , =

<w
¥; ( Ucrijl > i
Nf fxea: Jafe
' "
> : E <×> wcx )
" For T
=
✗ use
n " & → =
0 :

for
.

T
-

es
- - - -

>
>
.
-
-

: e-
.

-1
Capacity
i

-1m ( tanhcu
O
)) heat
=

+
Spin
) '
per
{
jfdx-idx-ilulx-i-x-ilkii-EYSH-i-ripey.mn
i

p p
E-
=

O
B. E. Condensate
fwcx )
n

? 1)
-
.

P( ✗
.

=
≤
Sn
Ifp ?_?
=

G- =L ¥
6 M
(
Ifa" Particle states
= -

;-
Occupy
-

O
^ ,
Ei )
? / DIE Ätna
UCII ( Ii Molecules field
: µ in
grau
/
-

= i

Of not
.

Eis
¥2 Zero
energy
f- ¥ ( III. CNN.us#ts-sIsY!-BY
"
: D=
)
=

homogeneres System ¥ "

mgzi )
:
.

Ina >
'
n
' >
, extensive at low T because leg ,
+ ]
Tt t
O -
,
nzcxi Eil =
hell Ei -
tz
1=9294×7 Eil Tt
it PH
/ dä
1-
-

remains Zero matter

-

you
>
2-
jumps no
Olpe
III %)
=
:
≥ ?
HIN ≈
Uns ß ]
Er /
-

N!
[ sinn
-

<w diucrtgcr )
:O
the of
'
cosh ? i
> Size the
system fdqe-Pm92-fdpe-PY-n.IN
-

=
,
, .

B
( ( ß] )
>
Cash
'

sn
-

✓ =3 b Ja usw
( Tc =

276kg
" [
"

27%2 Maxwell distribution R -1--1 Fz

Nkßlncz )
21T
Maxwell Boltzmann dis

LEE "
In
fdrfdq e- Pms ? MR µ e- Bms )
"
-

PECH dz ?
-
-

"
241T .ie -7¥ fcp ) Ne
-

Waals Maxwell relations

-

isothems
f- ( v1 (F) Van der -
_

=
O O
ßmg

Fsk
T
different
[ pzdpe-B.FM Evl ;
:

ÄÄ
Iz u
(2%-17)%2
:
oszi * 41T

{ fcptdap
-

/p
=

Pdp
mechanic hat p >
quantum 4M e-
=

T.in#-::inoaae=2-N--e-.I%fag-.Esinn(ED
Tc c
2- =

{ exp { -

BEN } :
expf -

ßtiwln -171}
1- >
≥ "
"" "

# ¥1 ¥+4
? F
( Zingg / 3%
Zc ( TIR
/
◦ = ( ^ -
:

[
-

3N

?_?
-

1- <
BEI }
\
{
"
Tc ,

4178ps !
ein
tßmg
=

/ expc ßtiw ) )
_

e-
:c
-
=

, 4TH
"
Eli % !
"
"
Z :
F- legen
boundary
=
-

T
(PTT )
between
94 zu Njßmsz
N %-) ß

pfff
metastabk = =3 -

96-3.9-4 ~
e-
-1=0 Fermion
-

Cage
EL
¥/
,

¥/
M
/ ↳ wir , 6
"

EN p binodal and "" Stable ( " :

-
= =

/
-

separates
§
Pmgz
: =

Ein
ßmtge
+ µ ^ ^ if ?
e- Pms
{
-

! + ,
dz •
metastabile and
Lnj )
' -

1
=

absolute
=
Stable
-

Steele
=

¥ / Ecptfcpldp
o
S =3 KBT
/ % Ej µ , (E)
-
=
TS
gö / intensive Tip
eß if {
u F
T
¥
-

density
+
F
= =
>
=
◦
, „w ,
j µ
-
+
g. µ
=
, ,

]
^
U23 Bmg Mm Cv
Two fluids
,
(
-1 ? with
=

u Ntnw the Sanne

Bmgtl
+
"
/ Btw#
= -

1 e extensive Niki His

{ E) ptfcpdp TZ F. mir
-

6,4
exp ( PTÜIF ) equivalent States µ ( Fermi
Sphere 12kg2
,
in ) { (
=
are =
,

e- BMGZ
.
=

1 N ßmg identitia
useful
h-w-LI-iez-ny-yn.fr
Nana ) (z /
.

u -
-

Un > = ) n
=

÷
-

¥+1
-

Maxwell N Bmgt,
2.
Its K ! OI? KIT
'
1- e-
( EY =3
-0¥ /
•
'
( )
-2¥ /
> E
Constructions D=
= -

= S
Ultra rel
theory
Bosegas
Kinetic :
T
.

✓
ctN-N.fi/d3NfCv-'I--1-udaN-v V3 -12¥
'

KF 331729 ¥ Par t
f- ¥ 1-3-94=1-37-17
"
II L /( expfßceu} 1)
=

g £3 N
Eu
[
-

=
> 1
" , =
Z
C-
density)
" >
-

Ip p
dt
uciiv ) :

" : Er Im " : „ exp { ßE} § Eu / ( Eilexpfßcu }

=
U

Ä#
1
Helmholtz eg
=
-1
E- E-
.

'

§ =P
# ¥/✓
.jp?dp 0¥ /
( Eges ) EZCEINCEIDCE )
'
I
=/ dirndsp
=

41¥
.

g = +
9
9s P

¥ }¥ /
>K ,

#
-

( 2m ) thema coeff

i.FI?i
F- ✗
2- (E)
¥
[ EHE
÷ = .

,
→
4%-4
= a,
.

-137%-1%1
.

I I I ,
te < K,
Eges )
¥ NEE
=
Te = _

¥
?
+ volumen von
gk )
= =

LÄGE
a-
( EP
r