Ansi Esd STM4-1 (2017)

ANSI/ESD STM4.
1-2017
A revision and redesignation of ESD S4.1-2006
For the Protection of Electrostatic

Discharge Susceptible Items
Worksurfaces –
Resistance Measurements
(Including Shelving and Mobile
Equipment)
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Electrostatic Discharge Association

7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3
Rome, NY 13440
An American National Standard

Approved February 27, 2018
Copyright ESD ASSOCIATION Order Number: 02238548

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ANSI/ESD STM4.1-2017
ESD Association Standard Test Method for

the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge
Susceptible Items -
Worksurfaces –
Resistance Measurements
(Including Shelving and Mobile Equipment)
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Approved September 7, 2017

EOS/ESD Association, Inc.

Electrostatic Discharge Association (ESDA) standards and publications are designed to serve the
public interest by eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating
CAUTION the interchangeability and improvement of products and assisting the purchaser in selecting and
NOTICE obtaining the proper product for his particular needs. The existence of such standards and
publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of the Association from
manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such standards and publications. Nor shall the
fact that a standard or publication that is published by the Association preclude its voluntary use by
non-members of the Association whether the document is to be used either domestically or
internationally. Recommended standards and publications are adopted by the ESDA in accordance
with the ANSI Patent policy.
Interpretation of ESDA Standards: The interpretation of standards in-so-far as it may relate to a

specific product or manufacturer is a proper matter for the individual company concerned and cannot
be undertaken by any person acting for the ESDA. The ESDA Standards Chairman may make
comments limited to an explanation or clarification of the technical language or provisions in a
standard, but not related to its application to specific products and manufacturers. No other person is
authorized to comment on behalf of the ESDA on any ESDA Standard.
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REPRESENTATIVES WILL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF, OR IN CONNECTION
LIMITATION ON WITH, THE USE OR MISUSE OF ESDA STANDARDS OR PUBLICATIONS, EVEN IF ADVISED
ESDA’s LIABILITY
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OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

THAT APPLIES TO ALL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS
OF DATA, INCOME OR PROFIT, LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY AND CLAIMS OF
THIRD PARTIES.
Published by:
Electrostatic Discharge Association

7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3
Rome, NY 13440
Copyright © 2018 by EOS/ESD Association, Inc.

All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in

an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN: 1-58537-297-8

(This foreword is not part of ESD Association Standard Test Method ANSI/ESD STM4.1-2017)
FOREWORD
The purpose of an ESD protective worksurface is to aid in the prevention of damage to ESD-
susceptible items. There are several ways these surfaces may act to provide this protection and
they are often confused in practice. One involves the removal of charge residing on the surface of
a conductive/dissipative material. A second charge-removal task involves the charge on an object
such as a conductive or dissipative tote box that is placed on the surface. In this case, the charge
must flow across the zone between the object and the worksurface, which can interpose a
considerable contact resistance. A third charge removal task involves current flow from a
charged, susceptible item placed on the surface. In this case, a low discharge current is
desirable.
The degree of protection afforded by a worksurface is strongly related to the time needed to
discharge an object. In practice, some form of resistance value is commonly given as an
indication of the effectiveness of the worksurface. Strictly speaking, this description is incomplete
since discharge time depends on several other factors such as the effective capacitance of the
worksurface, contact resistance and the actual discharge path.
However, the capacitance does not usually vary as much as resistance. The other effects are
very dependent on the individual situation. As a result, resistance seems the best single predictor
of performance of ESD-protective worksurfaces. This standard test method relies on resistance
measurements, utilizing standard instruments, to provide a means of evaluation of worksurface
materials. Conversely, resistivity is an intrinsic material property and is not within the scope or
purpose of the standard test method.
This standard test method1 sets forth resistance test methods that can be used to qualify
worksurfaces and to obtain relative estimates of their ability to remove electrical charge from non-
insulative objects placed on the surface.
A worksurface, which is conductive enough to discharge an object, may also pose a safety
hazard. The work performed on the worksurface often entails the use of tools and test
instruments, which operate at voltages high enough to cause electrical shock. The presence of a
worksurface tested using the methods described in this document will not guarantee personnel
safety.
This document was originally designated ANSI/ESD S4.1-1997 and approved on
September 20, 1997. ANSI/ESD S4.1-2006 was a reaffirmation of ANSI/ESD S4.1-1997 and
approved on February 26, 2006. ANSI/ESD S4.1-2006 was redesignated ESD S4.1-2006 upon
administrative withdrawal from the American National Standards Institute on July 14, 2016.
ANSI/ESD STM4.1-2017 is a revision and redesignation of ESD S4.1-2006 and was approved on
September 7, 2017.
1ESD Association Standard Test Method (STM): A precise statement of a set of requirements to be satisfied
by a material, product, system or process that also specifies the procedures for determining whether each of
the requirements is satisfied.
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i
At the time ANSI/ESD STM4.1-2017 was prepared, the 4.0 Worksurfaces Subcommittee had the
following members:
Dale Parkin, Chair
Seagate Technology
Nate Ashworth
Mary Kay Botkins Kevin Duncan, TAS Rep
Julie Industries,
ACL Staticide, Inc. Seagate Technology
Inc./StaticSmart Flooring
Chuck McClain
David Girard Shane Heinle
Northwest Electrostatic
Honeywell Aerospace Digi-Key Corporation
Services
Daniel O’Brien
Keith Peterson Thomas Ricciardelli
University of Dayton
Missile Defense Agency SelecTech/StaticStop
Research Institute
Robert Vermillion Craig Zander
RMV Technology Group, LLC Transforming Technologies
The following individuals contributed to the development of ANSI/ESD S4.1-2006 and/or

ANSI/ESD S4.1-1997.
Brent Beamer Larry Burich Dave Diegan
Static Control Components Lockheed AFM Inc.
Steve Gerken Ron Gibson Larry Green
USAF Celestica USAF
Leo G. Henry Ron Johnson John Kinnear
AMD Intel IBM
William Klein Dale Parkin Ronald Schwartz
K&S Labs IBM Stanley Vidmar
Fred Tenzer Shane Wooldridge
Duracoat Kewaunee Scientific
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ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................... 1
3.0 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ............................................................................................... 1
4.0 DEFINITION OF TERMS......................................................................................................... 1
5.0 PERSONNEL SAFETY ........................................................................................................... 1
6.0 TEST EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................................. 2
6.1 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT ELECTRODE(S) ......................................................................... 2

6.2 STAINLESS STEEL PLATE ...................................................................................................... 2
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6.3 INSULATIVE SUPPORT SURFACE ............................................................................................ 2

6.4 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT APPARATUS ............................................................................. 2
6.5 SPECIMEN PREPARATION AND CONDITIONING ........................................................................ 2
6.5.1 Cleaning ....................................................................................................................... 2
6.5.2 Low Humidity Environment .......................................................................................... 2
6.5.3 Moderate Humidity Environment .................................................................................. 3
7.0 PRODUCT QUALIFICATION OF WORKSURFACES ............................................................ 3
7.1 RESISTANCE-TO-GROUNDABLE POINT ................................................................................... 3

7.2 RESISTANCE POINT-TO-POINT .............................................................................................. 4
8.0 PRODUCT QUALIFICATION OF SHELVING ........................................................................ 6
8.1 RESISTANCE-TO-GROUNDABLE POINT ................................................................................... 6

8.2 RESISTANCE POINT-TO-POINT .............................................................................................. 9
9.0 PRODUCT QUALIFICATION OF MOBILE EQUIPMENT ...................................................... 10
9.1 RESISTANCE-TO-GROUNDABLE POINT ................................................................................ 10

9.2 RESISTANCE POINT-TO-POINT ............................................................................................ 12
ANNEXES
Annex A (Informative): Additional Considerations ....................................................................... 15

Annex B (Informative): Revision History of ANSI/ESD STM4.1-2017 .......................................... 16
FIGURES
Figure 1: Worksurfaces - Resistance-to-Groundable Point .......................................................... 4
Figure 2: Worksurfaces - Resistance Point-to-Point .................................................................. 5-6
Figure 3: Shelving - Resistance-to-Groundable Point .................................................................. 8
Figure 4: Shelving - Resistance Point-to-Point ........................................................................... 10
Figure 5: Mobile Equipment - Resistance-to-Groundable Point ................................................. 12
Figure 6: Mobile Equipment - Resistance Point-to-Point ............................................................ 14
iii
ESD Association Standard Test Method ANSI/ESD STM4.1-2017
ESD Association Standard Test Method for the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge
Susceptible Items – Worksurfaces – Resistance Measurements
1.0 PURPOSE
This document provides test methods for evaluating and qualifying worksurfaces, including shelving
and mobile equipment.
2.0 SCOPE
This document establishes methods for resistance measurements of worksurfaces, shelving and
mobile equipment used at workstations where protection of ESD susceptible items is required.
3.0 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

Unless otherwise specified, the following documents of the latest issue, revision, or amendment
form a part of this document to the extent specified herein:
ESD ADV1.0, ESD Association’s Glossary of Terms2
ASTM D257, Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials3
4.0 DEFINITION OF TERMS

The terms used in the body of this document are in accordance with the definitions found in ESD
ADV1.0, ESD Association’s Glossary of Terms available for complimentary download at
www.esda.org.
5.0 PERSONNEL SAFETY

THE PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT DESCRIBED IN THIS DOCUMENT MAY EXPOSE
PERSONNEL TO HAZARDOUS ELECTRICAL CONDITIONS. USERS OF THIS DOCUMENT
ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR SELECTING EQUIPMENT THAT COMPLIES WITH APPLICABLE
LAWS, REGULATORY CODES, AND BOTH EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL POLICY. USERS
ARE CAUTIONED THAT THIS DOCUMENT CANNOT REPLACE OR SUPERSEDE ANY
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REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONNEL SAFETY.
GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERS (GFCI) AND OTHER SAFETY PROTECTION
SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEREVER PERSONNEL MIGHT COME INTO CONTACT WITH
ELECTRICAL SOURCES.
ELECTRICAL HAZARD REDUCTION PRACTICES SHALL BE EXERCISED AND PROPER
GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS FOR EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE FOLLOWED.
THE RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS OBTAINED THROUGH THE USE OF THIS TEST
METHOD SHALL NOT BE USED TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE SAFETY OF PERSONNEL
EXPOSED TO HIGH AC OR DC VOLTAGES.
2 EOS/ESD Association, Inc., 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3, Rome, NY 13440-2069, 315-339-6937,
www.esda.org
3 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1187, 215-
299-5400
1
6.0 TEST EQUIPMENT

6.1 Resistance Measurement Electrode(s)
Cylindrical electrode, 2.27 kg ± 2.5% (5 lb ± 2.5%) with a diameter of 63.5 mm ± 5% (2.5 inches
± 5%) having a contact of electrically conductive material with a Shore-A (IRHD) durometer
hardness between 50 and 70. The resistance between two electrodes shall be less than
1.0 x 103 ohms when measured on a metallic surface.
Conductive rubber electrodes are used for material evaluation and qualification.
NOTE: Over time, conductive rubber materials used as the contact surface of the electrodes can warp. This
could cause measurements to change. At this time there is no standardized method to verify if this has
occurred but the user should be aware of this phenomenon.
6.2 Stainless Steel Plate

One (1) stainless steel plate, with suggested dimensions of 127 mm x 254 mm x 1.57 mm thick
(5 inches x 10 inches x 0.06 inch thick), or of sufficient thickness to support the weight of the
specimen without becoming distorted.
6.3 Insulative Support Surface

A planar (flat) surface, when used for specimen support, shall have a surface resistivity greater
than 1.0 x 1013 ohms/square when measured per ASTM D257 or a surface resistance greater
than 1.0 x 1012 ohms when measured per ANSI/ESD STM11.11.
For test methods using 2.27 kg (5 lb ± 2.5%), 63.5 mm ± 5% (2.5 inch ± 5%) electrodes, an
alternate method to verify the properties of the specimen support surface may be used, by
measuring the resistance point-to-point of the material with the electrodes spaced at least
152 mm (6 inches) apart (edge-to-edge). A resistance point-to-point of at least one order of
magnitude greater than the upper limit of the item being measured is required.
6.4 Resistance Measurement Apparatus

The measurement apparatus, called the meter, whether it is a single meter or a collection of
instruments that are capable of the following:
The meter shall have DC voltage of 10 volts (± 5%) while under load for measurements less than
1.0 x 106 ohms and 100 volts (± 5%) while under load for measurements of 1.0 x 10 6 ohms and
above.
The meter shall be capable of making measurements up to 1.0 x 1010 ohms.
If a process has a lower limit for worksurfaces then the meter shall be capable of making a
measurement one order of magnitude below the lower limit.
6.5 Specimen Preparation and Conditioning

6.5.1 Cleaning
The test specimens and electrodes shall be cleaned with a minimum 70% isopropyl alcohol-water
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solution using a clean, low-lint cloth each time.
6.5.2 Low Humidity Environment

After cleaning, specimens shall be placed in a low humidity environment of 12% RH ± 3% RH and
23oC ± 3oC. Preconditioning of the samples shall be a period of at least 48 hours. If the
specimens are mounted, then preconditioning time shall be a minimum of 72 hours. The samples
shall remain in this environment until all testing is completed.
2
6.5.3 Moderate Humidity Environment

After cleaning, specimens shall be placed in a moderate humidity environment of 50% RH
± 5% RH and 23oC ± 3o C. Preconditioning of the samples shall be a period of at least 48 hours. If
the specimens are mounted, then preconditioning time shall be a minimum of 72 hours. The
samples shall remain in this environment until all testing is completed.
7.0 PRODUCT QUALIFICATION OF WORKSURFACES

At least three (3) specimens shall be tested with minimum dimensions of 254 mm x 610 mm
(10 inches x 24 inches). Each specimen should have a groundable point(s) that simulate end-use
grounding procedures. These specimens shall be uniquely identified.
7.1 Resistance-to-Groundable Point

7.1.1 All specimens shall be tested in both low humidity and moderate humidity environments as
outlined in Section 6.5.
7.1.2 Specimens shall be placed on an insulative support surface as defined in Section 6.3. See
Figure 1.
7.1.3 Identification of Measurement Positions

For each installed groundable point, identify the following measurement positions (Figure 1):
• 1 – 76 mm (3 inches) from the groundable point to edge of electrode, and at least 51 mm
(2 inches) from each edge of the worksurface.
• 2, 3, and 4 – Positions in the farthest corners from the groundable point and 51 mm (2 inches)
from each edge.
• 5 – The geometric center of the worksurface.
7.1.4 Connect one end of the first test lead to the positive terminal of the meter and the other end
of the first test lead to an electrode. Place the electrode in position 1, see Figure 1.
Connect one end of the second test lead to negative terminal of the meter and the other end of
the test lead to the groundable point, see Figure 1.
7.1.5 Set the voltage to 10 volts. Energize the meter. If the indicated resistance is less than
1.0 x 106 ohms, record the value after 5 seconds and continue with the next specimen or next
step of the procedure. If the indicated resistance is equal to or greater than 1.0 x 106 ohms, de-
energize the meter. Energize the meter at 100 volts. Record the resistance after the instrument's
known electrification time or a maximum of 15 seconds and continue with the next specimen or
next step of the procedure.
NOTE: If switching the test voltage to 100 volts results in a resistance reading of less than 1.0 x 10 6 ohms,
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then the reading made with the 100 volt test voltage is used.
7.1.6 Repeat the measurement for measurement positions 2 through 5.
7.1.7 Repeat procedures 7.1.2 through 7.1.6 for the remaining specimens.
7.1.8 If multiple groundable points are available then repeat procedure 7.1.2 through 7.1.7 for all
groundable points.
3
7.1.9 Report the resistance reading for each measurement position to groundable point(s).
Report minimum, mean, and maximum values in ohms at low and moderate relative humidity for
each specimen. Report temperature and relative humidity at the time of testing, actual duration of
conditioning, and test equipment (e.g., meter manufacturer and model number) used.
Figure 1: Worksurfaces - Resistance-to-Groundable Point
7.2 Resistance Point-to-Point

outlined in Section 6.5
Figure 2.

Identify the four sets of measurement positions as indicated in Figure 2. For Figures 2(A) and
2(B) find the geometric center of the sample then measure 127 mm (5 inches) in both directions
for the test point(s) locations. For Figures 2(C) and 2(D), position the first electrode 51 mm
(2 inches) from each edge of the worksurface and place the second electrode in the opposite corner
51 mm (2 inches) from each edge.
of the first test lead to an electrode.
the test lead to the other electrode
7.2.5 Place the electrodes in the positions indicated in Figure 2(A). Set the meter to 10 volts.
Energize the meter. If the indicated resistance is less than 1.0 x 106 ohms, record the value after
5 seconds and continue with the next specimen or next step of the procedure. If the indicated
resistance is equal to or greater than 1.0 x 106 ohms, de-energize the meter. Energize the meter
at 100 volts. Record the resistance after the instrument's known electrification time or a maximum
of 15 seconds.
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7.2.6 Repeat procedure 7.2.5 for the measurement positions indicated in Figures 2(B), 2(C), and
2(D).
7.2.8 Report the resistance reading for each set of measurement positions. Report minimum,
mean and maximum values in ohms at low and moderate relative humidity for each specimen.
Report temperature and relative humidity at the time of testing, actual duration of conditioning and
test equipment (e.g., meter manufacturer and model number) used.
NOTE: Locate the geometric center of the sample first.
NOTE: Locate the geometric center of the sample first.

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Figure 2: Worksurfaces - Resistance Point-to-Point
8.0 PRODUCT QUALIFICATION OF SHELVING

At least three (3) specimens shall be tested. Each shelving specimen shall be configured in the
manner in which it will be used in the intended application. Each specimen should have a
groundable point(s) that simulate end-use grounding procedures.

outlined in Section 6.5
Figure 3.
NOTE: Either of the insulative support surface configurations in Figures 3A and 3B or Figures 3C and 3D
may be used for measurements.
6

Identify the geometric center (see Figure 3) of the shelf as the measurement point for electrode 1.
8.1.3.1 Shelving with direct connection to the groundable point. Connect one end of the second
test lead to the negative terminal of the meter and the other end of the test lead to the groundable
point. See Figure 3.
8.1.3.2 Shelving with a series connection through another technical element (e.g., flooring) to the
groundable point. Connect one end of the second test lead to the negative terminal of the meter
and the other end of the test lead to the stainless steel plate which is in contact with the
groundable point. See Figure 3.
1.0 x 106 ohms, record the value after 5 seconds and continue with the next shelf. If the indicated
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of 15 seconds.
8.1.5 Repeat measurement for each measurement position indicated in Figure 3.
8.1.6 If multiple groundable points are available, then repeat procedures 8.1.2 through 8.1.5 for all
groundable points.
Report minimum, mean and maximum values in ohms at low and moderate relative humidity for
conditioning and test equipment (e.g. meter manufacturer and model number) used.
7
3A 3B
3C 3D
Figure 3: Shelving - Resistance-to-Groundable Point
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8

8.2.1 All specimens shall be tested in both low and moderate humidity environments as outlined
in Section 6.5.

Identify the geometric center (see Figure 4) of the shelf as the measurement position for
electrode 1. Identify other measurement position 610 mm (24 inches) from each side of the
geometric center or within 51 mm (2 inches) of the edge if the length from the center to the edge
is less than 610 mm (24 inches). For shelves that are longer than 610 mm (24 inches) from the
center, add additional measurement position 610 mm (24 inches) from each measurement or until
51 mm (2 inches) from the edge.
8.2.4 Place one electrode at the geometric center and the second electrode at one of the
measurement positions as indicated in Figure 4.
8.2.5 Set the meter to 10 volts. Energize the meter. If the indicated resistance is less than
1.0 x 106 ohms, record the value after 5 seconds and continue with the next specimen or next
step of the procedure. If the indicated resistance is equal to or greater than 1.0 x 10 6 ohms, de-
energize the meter. Energize the meter at 100 volts. Record the resistance after the instrument's
known electrification time or a maximum of 15 seconds
8.2.6 Repeat procedure 8.2.5 for remaining measurement positions.
8.2.7 Repeat procedures 8.2.3 through 8.2.6 for each shelf.
8.2.8 Repeat procedures 8.2.2 through 8.2.7 for the remaining specimens
test equipment (e.g. meter manufacturer and model number) used.
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9
Figure 4: Shelving - Resistance Point-to-Point
9.0 PRODUCT QUALIFICATION OF MOBILE EQUIPMENT

When mobile equipment is used as a worksurface the resistance from the surface being used to the
groundable point shall be tested. Each specimen should have a groundable point(s) that simulate
end-use grounding procedures.
At least three (3) mobile equipment specimens shall be tested. Each mobile equipment specimen
shall be configured in the manner in which it will be used in the intended application. Each sample
should have a groundable point(s) that simulate end-use grounding procedures.

in Section 6.5
Figure 5.
NOTE: Either of the insulative support surface configurations in Figures 5A and 5B or Figures 5C and 5D
may be used for measurements.

For each installed groundable point, identify the following measurement positions (see Figure 5):
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• 1 – Position at least 51 mm (2 inches) from each edge of the worksurface.

• 2, 3, and 4 – Positions in the farthest corners and 51 mm (2 inches) from each edge.
• 5 – The geometric center of the worksurface.
10
of the first test lead to an electrode. Place the electrode in position 1 of the mobile equipment
specimen. See Figure 5.
9.1.4.1 Mobile equipment with direct connection to the groundable point. Connect one end of the
second test lead to the negative terminal of the meter and the other end of the test lead to the
groundable point. See Figure 5.
9.1.4.2 Mobile equipment with a series connection through another technical element (e.g.,
flooring) to the groundable point. Connect one end of the second test lead to the negative
terminal of the meter and the other end of the test lead to the stainless steel plate which is in
contact with the groundable point. See Figure 5.
1.0 x 106 ohms, record the value after 5 seconds and continue with the next specimen. If the
indicated resistance is equal to or greater than 1.0 x 106 ohms, de-energize the meter. Energize
the meter at 100 volts. Record the resistance after the instrument's known electrification time or a
maximum of 15 seconds.
9.1.6 Repeat measurement for positions 2, 3, 4, and 5.
9.1.7 Repeat procedures 9.1.2 through 9.1.6 for each worksurface of the mobile equipment.
9.1.8 If multiple groundable points are available, then repeat procedures 9.1.2 through 9.1.7 for all
groundable points.
Report minimum, mean and maximum values in ohms at low and moderate relative humidity for
conditioning and test equipment (e.g. meter manufacturer and model number) used.
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5A 5B
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5C 5D
Figure 5: Mobile Equipment - Resistance to Groundable Point

in Section 6.5

Identify the four sets of measurement positions as indicated in Figure 6. For Figures 6(A) and
6(B) find the geometric center of the sample then measure 127 mm (5 inches) in both directions
for the test point(s) locations. For Figures 6(C) and 6(D), position the first electrode 51 mm
(2 inches) from each edge of the worksurface and place the second electrode in the opposite corner
51 mm (2 inches) from each edge.
12
9.2.4 Place the electrodes in the position indicated in Figure 6(A). Set the meter to 10 volts.
Energize the meter. If the indicated resistance is less than 1.0 x 106 ohms, record the value after
5 seconds and continue with the next specimen or next step of the procedure. If the indicated
of 15 seconds. Remove test voltage and remove electrodes from the surface.
9.2.5 Repeat procedure 9.2.4 for the measurement positions indicated in Figures 6(B), 6(C), and
6(D).
9.2.6 Repeat procedures 9.2.2 through 9.2.5 for each shelf.
9.2.7 Repeat procedures 9.2.2 through 9.2.6 for the remaining specimens
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test equipment (e.g. meter manufacturer and model number) used.
13
NOTE: Locate the geometric center, then measure 127 mm (5 inches)

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in both directions for the test point(s) locations.
NOTE: Electrodes are 50.8 mm (2 inches) from each edge.
Figure 6: Mobile Equipment - Resistance Point-to-Point
14
(This annex is not part of ESD Association Draft Standard Test Method ANSI/ESD STM4.1-2017)
ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE): ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

Other properties may be important in the selection of a worksurface, shelving, and mobile equipment.
The chemical resistance and mechanical behavior may indirectly affect the ESD protective capability
of the surface. Special attention should be paid to the mechanical and electrical integrity of the
connection made between the groundable point and that portion of the worksurface intended by the
manufacturer for grounding purposes. Other electrical properties such as charge decay, triboelectric
charge generation, and surface voltage suppression can provide additional information (see
ANSI/ESD STM4.2). The relevance of these and other considerations is strongly dependent on the
specific installation and the type of products and devices being handled.
15 --`,,,`,,,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,-`-``,```,,,`---

(This annex is not part of ESD Association Draft Standard Test Method ANSI/ESD STM4.1-2017)
ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE): REVISION HISTORY OF ANSI/ESD STM4.1-2017

ANSI/ESD STM4.1-2017 is a complete rewrite of ANSI/ESD S4.1-2006. The following items were
revised:
1. Updated the test equipment section with current boiler plate information and included a section
on sample preparation and conditioning.
2. Updated the layout of the document which includes moving the figures into the applicable
section.
3. Updated the figures and added new figures.
4. A new section on shelving has been added to the document.
5. A new section on mobile equipment has been added to the document.
6. Removed the section on verification of installed worksurfaces.
7. Removed the section on periodic worksurface testing.
8. Removed the section on resistance guidelines.
--`,,,`,,,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,-`-``,```,,,`---
16

Ansi Esd STM4-1 (2017)

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ANSI/ESD STM4.

For the Protection of Electrostatic

Electrostatic Discharge Association

An American National Standard

Copyright ESD ASSOCIATION Order Number: 02238548

ESD Association Standard Test Method for

Approved September 7, 2017

Copyright ESD ASSOCIATION Order Number: 02238548

Interpretation of ESDA Standards: The interpretation of standards in-so-far as it may relate to a

ESDA STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS ARE CONSIDERED TECHNICALLY SOUND AT THE

NEITHER ESDA, NOR ITS MEMBERS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR OTHER

OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

Electrostatic Discharge Association

Copyright © 2018 by EOS/ESD Association, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in

Printed in the United States of America

Copyright ESD ASSOCIATION Order Number: 02238548

The following individuals contributed to the development of ANSI/ESD S4.1-2006 and/or

1.0 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................... 1

3.0 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ............................................................................................... 1

4.0 DEFINITION OF TERMS......................................................................................................... 1

5.0 PERSONNEL SAFETY ........................................................................................................... 1

6.0 TEST EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................................. 2

6.1 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT ELECTRODE(S) ......................................................................... 2

6.3 INSULATIVE SUPPORT SURFACE ............................................................................................ 2

7.0 PRODUCT QUALIFICATION OF WORKSURFACES ............................................................ 3

7.1 RESISTANCE-TO-GROUNDABLE POINT ................................................................................... 3

8.0 PRODUCT QUALIFICATION OF SHELVING ........................................................................ 6

8.1 RESISTANCE-TO-GROUNDABLE POINT ................................................................................... 6

9.0 PRODUCT QUALIFICATION OF MOBILE EQUIPMENT ...................................................... 10

9.1 RESISTANCE-TO-GROUNDABLE POINT ................................................................................ 10

Annex A (Informative): Additional Considerations ....................................................................... 15

3.0 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

4.0 DEFINITION OF TERMS

5.0 PERSONNEL SAFETY

6.0 TEST EQUIPMENT

6.2 Stainless Steel Plate

6.3 Insulative Support Surface

6.4 Resistance Measurement Apparatus

6.5 Specimen Preparation and Conditioning

solution using a clean, low-lint cloth each time.

6.5.2 Low Humidity Environment

6.5.3 Moderate Humidity Environment

7.0 PRODUCT QUALIFICATION OF WORKSURFACES

7.1 Resistance-to-Groundable Point

7.1.3 Identification of Measurement Positions

7.1.6 Repeat the measurement for measurement positions 2 through 5.

Figure 1: Worksurfaces - Resistance-to-Groundable Point

7.2 Resistance Point-to-Point

7.2.3 Identification of Measurement Positions

NOTE: Locate the geometric center of the sample first.

NOTE: Locate the geometric center of the sample first.

8.0 PRODUCT QUALIFICATION OF SHELVING

8.1 Resistance-to-Groundable Point

8.1.3 Identification of Measurement Positions

8.1.5 Repeat measurement for each measurement position indicated in Figure 3.

8.2 Resistance Point-to-Point

8.2.2 Identification of Measurement Positions

8.2.6 Repeat procedure 8.2.5 for remaining measurement positions.

8.2.7 Repeat procedures 8.2.3 through 8.2.6 for each shelf.

Figure 4: Shelving - Resistance Point-to-Point

9.0 PRODUCT QUALIFICATION OF MOBILE EQUIPMENT