Acronyms

Chapter 1
ALARP as low as reasonably practicable
CHAZOP Control Systems HAZOP
COMAH control of major accident hazards
COMOP combined operations
EEC European economic community
FGRS flare gas recovery systems
FMEA failure mode and effect analysis
HAZOP hazard and operability
HIPPS high-integrity pressure protection system
HRSG heat recovery and steam generation
ICI Imperial Chemical Industries
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IIoT industrial Internet of things
IPL independent protective layers
ISO International Standards Organization
LOPA layer of protection analysis
OSHA occupational safety and health administration
P&ID piping and instrumentation diagram
PSM process safety management
SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition
SEVESO European Major Accident Hazard regulation named after the disaster of
III mountain SEVESO in Italy
SIL safety integrity level
SIMOP simultaneous operation

Chapter 2
API American Petroleum Institute
Bow-tie a bow-tie diagram is a type of diagram used to model and visualize risk
diagram management and preparedness. The diagram visualizes an event with its
perceived threats, consequences, damage mitigation measures, and
preventive measures.
EI Energy Institute
EPC engineering, procurement, construction
IVB independent verification body
PFEER prevention fire and explosion emergency response
SCE safety critical element

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Chapter 3
QA/QC quality assurance/quality control
AUC area under control
CCPS center for chemical process safety
CHAZOP Control Systems HAZOP
EUC equipment under control
HAZOP hazard and operability
HIRA hazard identification and risk assessment
OMS operating management system
OREDA Offshore and onshore REliability DAta
P&ID piping and instrumentation diagram
PFD process flow diagram
PSM process safety management
SAFE Chart Safety Analysis Function Evaluation Chart (used in API 14C)

Chapter 4
STEP standard for the exchange of product data
CAD computer-aided design
OWL web ontology language
RDL Reference Data Library
CAE computer-aided engineering
CSTR Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
DAML DARPA Agent Markup Language
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
OIL Ontology Inference Layer
ANN artificial neural network
LM Levenberg Marquardt
SDBP steepest descent back propagation

Chapter 5
HIPPS High Integrity Pressure Protection System
PSV pressure safety valve
MEG MonoEthylene Glycol
ESDV Emergency ShutDown Valve

Chapter 6
FGRS flare gas recovery system
CL complexity level
CT complexity type

Chapter 7
CVA Canonical Variance Analysis
HAZID Hazard Identification
HAZOP Hazard & Operability
 Acronyms xv

ICA Independent Component Analysis

MPM Multivariable process monitoring
NOC normal operating conditions
PCA principal component analysis
PLS Partial Least Squares
SIL Safety Integrity Level
SOC safe operating conditions
SVDD support vector data description

Chapter 8
ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable
ANN artificial neural network
HAZOP Hazard & Operability
HAZID Hazard Identifica

Chapter 9
ANN artificial neural network
APTAC automatic pressure tracking adiabatic calorimeter
CL Complexity Level
CSTR Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors
CT Complexity Type
DSC dynamic scanning calorimetry
HAZID Hazard Identification
HAZOP Hazard & Operability
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
TBC 4-tert-butylcatechol
TMR time to maximum heating rate
UNEP United Nations Environment Program

Chapter 10
FEED Front End Engineering Design
HAZOP Hazard & Operability
HIRA Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment
IGNITION Ignition is an Integrated Software Platform for SCADA systems released by
Inductive Automation in January 2010. It is based on a SQL Database-
centric architecture. Ignition features cross platform web based deployment
through Java Web Start technology.
IIoT Industrial Internet of Things
ISA International Society of Automation
ISO International Standard Organisation
IT Information Technology
LOPA Layer of Protection Analysis
xvi Acronyms

MATLAB MATLAB is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and

numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks. MATLAB
allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation
of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs
written in other languages.
MIMOSA Machinery Information Management Open Systems Alliance
MIMOSA is a not-for-profit industry trade association dedicated to developing and
encouraging the adoption of open, supplier-neutral IT and IM standards
enabling interoperability and digital transformation for asset lifecycle
management spanning plants, platforms and facilities.
OIIE Open Industrial Interoperability Ecosystem
OPC Open Platform Communications
OT Operational technology
PSM Process Safety Management
SIL Safety Integrity Level