Student Id: (BC210401380)

Contemporary Issues and Trends in Education (EDU401)

Assignment # 1

Q 1: Critique the equity issues in the field of education. Suggest the solution to deal with

such issues.

Equity in Education:

The most common way of evolving ways of behaving, approaches, and strategies at the school

and locale levels to support scholastic decency and consideration equity in education. This

guarantees that each kid gains admittance to the assets, instructors, and intercessions they expect

to find success.

Equity issues:

Today's educations have numerous equity issues, which should be addressed because if the

poison comes from the medium that is supposed to nourish, then there is no hope for tomorrow -

because, as previously stated, tomorrow begins with today's generation.

a. Poverty:

Poverty is the primary problem. Poverty and parents' reluctance to enrol their children in

school are the main reasons why youngsters in Pakistan prefer to work rather than go to

school. It is the role of the teacher to assist children who arrive at school lacking

particular skills. In contrast, rather than inspiring them, teachers ridicule and mock them.
 Poverty and a lack of education are major issues facing the world; the issue is that low-

income families do not send their children to school. There are no formal schools

accessible for them to attend, even if they wanted to. Children who attend government

schools have a poor education and are forced to work in low-wage occupations. Low-

income households are less likely to be able to afford adequate nourishment and may lack

basic household essentials. These families may have to send their children to school

without breakfast or lunch due to their lack of financial education and poor salaries. It's

also tough to learn when there's no emotional support, tension, or distress. It's also

necessary to address health concerns. It is possible to have a healthy mind in addition to a

healthy body. According to a study, not eating enough affects the brain's learning

potential, and kids who are malnourished are unable to do as well as their peers. Students

from low-income families are 63% to 85% more likely to fail than students from higher-

income families.

b. Health:

Health problems, disabilities, and dangerous behaviour can all affect a student's academic

performance. Low academic performance has been associated to illnesses, poor diet,

substance misuse and smoking, obesity, sleep problems, mental health concerns, asthma,

poor vision, and inattention/hyperactivity. The kind of health care your family can afford

depends on your family's background, culture, and financial status. A child will be unable

to complete even the basic school years if they do not receive adequate health care. If

your health is good, you can accomplish a lot. Many factors, including food, nutrition,

exercise, and relaxation, all play a role in achieving maximum health. On the
 achievement test, children who ate a poor diet, which included a low protein intake, did

poorly.

Protein is what makes up human muscles. On standardised tests, students who ingest

more protein perform better. Iron is an essential component of blood haemoglobin; less

iron means less haemoglobin.

If the environment lacks enough quality air, mental activities including concentration and

memory recall may be impeded. Poor ventilation and humidity can affect your ability to

study. Both teacher and school performance might be harmed by inadequate ventilation.

Many classrooms lack windows, which makes learning difficult. As a result, kids are

unable to receive a quality education.

c. Silent Exclusion:

The issue of silent exclusion is the next equality issue to be addressed. Uneducated rural

parents are frequently blamed for silent exclusion, which occurs when children enrol in

formal school but are absent, too fatigued to follow the curriculum, attend intermittently,

or are pulled entirely. Silent exclusion is exemplified by students who attend school but

achieve nothing. Students who have nothing and those who drop out are both affected by

poverty. They're on the verge of being expelled. These children do not attend on a regular

basis; their attendance is low. They're repeaters, as well. They're doomed. As a result,

they are under-achievers. They are failing. Despite the fact that these students are present,

their teachers ignore them. Teachers should go out of their way to find these individuals.

Each youngster has the ability to learn.

 According to studies, the economic position of a student's family has an impact on low

performance, repeaters, and low attendance. They are compelled to live in quiet as a

result of this circumstance. Encourage the child to complete his or her education and

achieve success.

d. School equipment:

The following subject is school supplies and equipment. Low-income parents are clearly

related with a lack of basic educational tools. For a low-income household, the geometry

box is a bit costly. It's not possible to share the geometry box. Poor people can't afford

good equipment. The impoverished tend to become poorer since they are unable to

afford. As a result, the learning experience will suffer unless we are able to provide equal

resources to all.

e. Income:

Poor academic achievement is strongly linked to low poverty. Low-income children have

lower educational attainment and are more likely to continue to underachieve. Poor test

scores are more common among boys than among girls. Income is the money that enters

the family, whether through agriculture, industry, or a job, but it is the money that enters

the house.

According to research, the higher a family's income, the more likely a child will receive a

better education and live a better life. The youngster will presumably have fewer

opportunities than someone with a lesser income. Family size is also significantly too

large in low-income households. Test fees and private fees are additional private charges,

as institutions do not always follow through on their promises. Stationery, notebooks, and
 transportation costs. If a family is unable to provide three meals every day, they are more

likely to go hungry.

Gender:

Gender is the subject of the following equity topic. Girls are not allowed to study subjects

or fields in which they are interested when they are in school. Professors and parents, for

example, do not encourage girls to pursue physics as a major. If girls obtain a good

education, they can become responsible citizens of Pakistan.

The number of elementary schools, teachers, literacy rates, and net enrollment rates are

all listed below for a better understanding. Despite the fact that girls' learning outcomes

are improving faster than boys', women account for about two-thirds of the world's

illiterate adults, and three-quarters of children who will not attend primary school are

girls.

Solution to deal with such issues

 Providing opportunities for disadvantaged and underrepresented kids to overcome

obstacles and achieve achievement.

 Allowing everyone to learn in a manner that best suits their learning style.

 Assisting students in becoming more involved in their studies by ensuring that they are

exposed to persons of their own race, gender, ethnicity, and other characteristics.

 Giving kids more access to educational resources.

 Improving the relationship between a student's family and their instructor, resulting in a

more enriching learning environment at home.

 Assisting students in achieving academic and professional success.

  Making pupils equal in terms of opportunities and accomplishment.

 Improving a school district's standardised testing results.

 Having a good impact on the community, such as lowering crime rates and raising

property values.

 Providing a broader economic advantage by enabling students to be productive members

of society while also reducing reliance on government aid.

 Equity will be achieved if all children receive these resources, regardless of source. Only

then can all children receive a better, more egalitarian education.

 We must ensure that, via education, services, and skills, we can reduce poverty by

preventing impoverished children from growing up to be poor. It is stated that if you are

born on a certain day, you will be born on a certain day.

Q 2: Describe the role of conflict resolution in the smooth functioning of an educational

institute.

Given that conflict is an unavoidable part of life, Dissensions on how to resolve a disagreement

Instead, conflict resolution skills are used to foster conversations. increase emotional regulation

and comprehension.

Conflict Resolution Programs:

Conflict Resolution Education (CRE), Peace Education, Peacemaking, Violence Prevention, or

Violence Reduction are all terms used to describe conflict resolution programmes. Students and

other members of the school community should be able to recognise that conflict is a natural part
of life that can be resolved peacefully, develop awareness of their own unique responses to

conflict and understand the diversity with which others respond, learn and practise conflict

resolution principles and skills, and empower themselves. Two fundamental parts make up a

genuine conflict resolution programme:

1) Conflict resolution principles (remove people from the problem; focus on interests, not

stances; design choices for mutual advantage; and make decisions based on objective criteria);

and

2) A problem-solving process (negotiation, mediation, or consensus decision-making).

These elements are present in each of the four conflict resolution systems now in use in schools:

1. Process Curriculum - a set amount of time (e.g., a separate course, a different curriculum, or a

daily lesson plan) is devoted to teaching conflict resolution.

2.Mediation Program - adults and/or students who have been trained in conflict resolution

principles and the problem-solving process of mediation serve as neutral third-party facilitators

who assist disputants in reaching an agreement.

3. Peaceful Classroom - Conflict resolution is incorporated into the core curriculum as well as

classroom management. The cornerstone of a peaceful school is peaceful classrooms.

4. A Peaceful School – all members of the school community (teachers, staff, students,

administrators, and parents) get conflict resolution training.

Conflict resolution education consists of targeted and precise instruction on how to peacefully

resolve differences, control emotional expressions, and de-escalate potentially explosive

situations without resorting to violence. This form of instruction is needed by both students and
teachers to help them deal with the challenges of meeting in a small space with so many different

personalities trying to get along.

Let's take a look at some of the primary goals of conflict resolution education to better

understand the school's duties to students and the community.

Enhance Students' Social and Emotional Development

Children's social and emotional development is one of the most important functions of school.

Children learn how to communicate with others who aren't family members in school. Some kids

are unable to acquire practises that will aid them in peacefully resolving a crisis because healthy

conflict resolution is not a part of their home lives. When proper social and emotional

connections with others are not modelled at home, schools can serve as a model.

Decreases Incidents of Violence

Fighting, bullying, harassment, and other types of violence among students are some of the

difficulties that schools encounter. Effective dispute resolution tries to reduce violent bullying

episodes.

Unfortunately, cases of violence against teachers are on the rise. According to a survey

conducted by the American Psychological Association (APA) task force on Classroom Violence

Directed at Instructors, almost four out of every five teachers have experienced physical

harassment from students and coworkers. The APA study was a self-reported survey that took

place in 2011 and included approximately 3,000 instructors from kindergarten to 12th grade from

48 states. Educating educators on conflict resolution can help to lessen the number of violent

events they encounter.

Creates a Safe Learning Environment

It is essential to provide a safe learning environment for all kids in order for a school to function

properly. Students can't concentrate on their studies if they don't feel comfortable at school.

Conflict resolution tactics can be taught to school personnel and students, giving them the tools

they need to keep the school a safe learning environment for all. Students can flourish in their

school environment when they feel safe.

Officer Grimes is the resource officer for the school. He helps to make his school a safer place to

learn. He is aware that the police in his district have had a tense relationship with the general

public. He intends to use his conflict resolution training to increase pupils' trust in local

authorities.

Create a Constructive Learning Environment

Conflict resolution education in the curriculum also contributes to a more positive learning

environment by encouraging students and staff to think philosophically about how to engage

with people in a more peaceful manner. This type of training can help students develop higher-

order thinking skills and improve their moral reasoning abilities. Students can contribute to the

creation of a calmer learning atmosphere that allows for more in-depth thinking.