GEAS

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Decision Making under Certainty
- implies that we are certain of the future state of nature

Decision Making under Risk

- one assumes that there exist a number of possible future states,
the probabilities of which can be estimated

Decision Making under Uncertainty

- there exist several future states of nature but the probabilities of
each of these states occurring are not known

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A function of an engineer where the engineer assists the
company’s customers to meet their needs, especially
those that require technical expertise.

Sales
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A function of an engineer where the engineer is engaged
in the process of learning about nature and codifying this
knowledge into usable theories.

Research
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A function of an engineer where the engineer undertakes
the activity of turning a product concept to a finished
physical term.

Design and Development

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A function of an engineer where the engineer works in a
unit where new products or parts are tested for
workability.

Testing
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 A function of an engineer where the engineer is directly
in charge of production personnel or assumes
responsibility for the product.

Manufacturing
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A function of an engineer where the engineer is either
directly in charge of the construction personnel or may
have responsibility for the quality of the construction
process.

Construction
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 A function of an engineer where the engineer works as
consultant of any individual or organization requiring his
services.

Consulting
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A function of an engineer where the engineer may find
employment in the government performing any of the
various tasks in regulating, monitoring, and controlling the
activities of various institutions, public or private.

Government
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A function of an engineer where the engineer gets
employment in a school and is assigned as a teacher of
engineering courses.

Teaching
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A function of an engineer where the engineer is assigned
to manage groups of people performing specific tasks.

Management
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1. Diagnose the problem
2. Analyze the problem
3. Search for alternative solutions
4. Evaluate the alternatives
5. Select the best alternative
6. Make the decision effective
7. Follow-up the decision.
Plans that are used again and again and they focus on
managerial situations that recur repeatedly.

Standing Plans
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These are plans covering a time span of more than one
year. These are mostly undertaken by middle and top
management.

Long-range plans
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These are plans intended to cover a period of less than
one year. First-line supervisors are mostly concerned with
these planes.

Short-range plans
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The movement from one position to another which has
less pay or responsibility attached to it. It is used as a form
of punishment or as a temporary measure to keep an
employee until he is offered a higher position.

Demotion
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Refers to a movement by a person into a position of higher
pay and greater responsibilities and which is given as a
reward for competence and ambition.

Promotion
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The movement of a person to a different job at the same or
similar level of responsibility in the organization.

Transfer
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Either a voluntary or involuntary termination of an
employee.

Separation
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FOUR P’S OF MARKETING
1. Product
2. Price
3. Place
4. Promotion
TYPES OF PROMOTION
1. Advertising
2. Publicity
3. Personal Selling
A type of promotion where a paid message appears in
mass media for the purpose of informing or persuading
people about particular products, services, beliefs, or
action.

Advertising
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The promotional tool that publishes news or information
about a product, service, or idea on behalf of a sponsor
but is not paid for by the sponsor.

Publicity
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A more aggressive means of promoting the sales of a
product or service.

Personal selling
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A type of controlling when information is gathered
about a completed activity, and in order that
evaluation and steps for improvement are derived.

Feedback control
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A type of controlling when the management anticipates
problems and prevents their occurrence.

Feed forward control

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A type of controlling when the operations are already
ongoing and activities to detect variances are made.

Concurrent control
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This upper tier of your customer base includes people
that spend top dollar or typically buy a lot of goods and
services. These customers are also heavy users, in most
cases, and trust your company enough to try new
offerings.

Platinum Customers
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May visit your store or website as often as platinum
customers, but they are more price sensitive and more
likely to shop competitors for better deals.

Gold customers
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Consists of people that are even more price sensitive than
gold customers, and less likely to ever become loyal to
one provider. Thus, they are unlikely to ever offer a return
on investment for marketing or service dollars.

Iron Customers
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This tier (around 81st to 100th percentile) includes people
that are a drain on your business; they cost you more
money to serve than you generate in revenue. They do so
by only buying deeply discounted items, demanding a lot
from your service staff, and routinely returning or
exchanging items.

Lead Customers
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Positive external factors the company can exploit to
accomplish its mission, goals, and objectives.

opportunities
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Positive internal factors a company can draw on to
accomplish its mission, goals, and objectives.

strengths
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Negative external factors that inhibit the firm's ability to
accomplish its mission, goals, and objectives.

threats
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Negative internal factors that inhibit a company’s ability to
accomplish its mission, goals, and objectives.

weaknesses
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It is a written expression of how the company will
reflect an entrepreneur’s values, beliefs, and vision –
more than just “making money.”

B. mission
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It is the result of an entrepreneur’s dream of something
that does not exist yet and the ability to paint a
compelling picture of that dream for everyone to see.

vision
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The practice of gathering, organizing, and disseminating
the collective wisdom and experience of a company’s
employees for the purpose of strengthening its
competitive position.

objectives
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It is a road map of the actions an entrepreneur draws up to
achieve a company’s mission, goals, and objectives.

strategy
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▪ According to Gauss Law, the electric
field inside a conducting sphere is
always zero irrespective of how much
charge resides on its surface.
▪ Due to zero electric field inside a
sphere, the electric flux inside a
sphere is zero.
source fields (synonymously called lamellar,
irrotational, or conservative fields) and
vortex fields (synonymously called solenoidal,
rotational, or nonconservative fields)

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▪ combination of one or more metal with nonmetalic element is
called ceramics
▪ matrix composites is metals reinforced by ceramics or other
material such as fiber form
▪ an inert metal is one that is stable and unreactive under
specified condition.
▪ metalloids are elements having properties that are
intermediate between metal and non metal
NOTE: Republic Acts
❑ RA 9292 – Electronics Engineering Law of 2004

❑ RA 5734 – Electronics and Communications Act of the

Philippines
❑ RA 7925 – Philippine Public Telecommunications Act

❑ RA 3846 – an Act that provides for the regulation of

radio station communication in the Philippines
❑ RA 6849 – Municipal Telephone Act

❑ RA 8981 – PRC Modernization Act

❑ RA 3396 – Maritime Communications Law

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NOTE: Republic Acts
❑ RA 1080 – Board/Bar Eligibility

❑ RA 10912 – Continuing Professional Development

(CPD) Act of 2016
❑ RA 10844 – an Act creating Department of Information
and Communications Technology (DICT)
❑ RA 10173 – Data Privacy Act of 2012

❑ RA 10175 – Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012

❑ RA 11363 – Philippine Space Agency Act

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NOTE: Executive Orders
❑ EO 546 – a law prescribing NTC

❑ EO 59 – prescribing guidelines of compulsory

interconnections of authorized public telecommunication
carrier
❑ EO 266 – Institutionalization of Continuing Professional
Education (CPE) Programs
❑ EO 467 – an order providing for national policy in the
operation and use of international satellite communications
❑ EO 109 – to improve the provision of local exchange
carrier service

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NOTE: Executive Orders and Others
❑ EO 255 – an order that requires radio stations with
music content play atleast 4 OPM songs every clock
hour
❑ EO 205 – Cable TV regulation

❑ EO 196 – vesting the jurisdiction of Philippine

Commercial Satellite Corporation to NTC
❑ PD 223 – a decree creating the PRC

❑ DO 109 – rules and regulations requiring the service

of ECE’s in planning and designing radio
communications equipment

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