Truss : pin jointed at ends. Forces are applied only at the joints. Members are subjected to only axial forces Frame is also a rigid structure composed of number of members but Truss is a rigid structure composed of number of straight members Frame : rigidly connected at ends. Forces may act any where on the member. Members may be subjected to axial forces, S.F. and B.M.Truss = fo FIG. 7.1 FIG. 7.2 () Normally, beam is made up of only |(i) Truss is made up of number of one member. members.- 22g ooo ES (ii) Beam is subjected to transverse loads. | (ii) Truss is loaded at the joints only. (iii) The joints of beam may be simple, hinged or fixed. (iii) All the joints of the truss are (iv) Due to transverse loads shear force pinned. (hinged) (S.F.) and bending moment (B.M.) are produced in the beam. (iv) Due to loads acting at joints, the members of truss are subjected to (v) Beam is economical for small and medium span. axial tension or compression. (v) Truss is economical for long span. (vi) Normally, beam is used in buildings. (vi) Normally, truss is used in factory sheds and steel bridges. (vii) Repairing of damaged beam is difficult. (vii) Repairing is easy. 72 Tvpre nv wewanenn --— ——Types of trusses Perfect truss Imperfect truss m=2j-7T m+#2j-r 4 | Deficient truss Redundant truss m<2j-r ms 2) )6 5(1) Perfect truss : A truss which satisfies necessary condition m = 2j - r is called perfect tru: m=5 r = 3 (two at hinge, one at roller) is4 =sm+r=5+3=8 No. of unknowns No. of equilibrium conditions = 2 j =2x4=8 m+r=2jorm=2j-r truss is Perfect Perfect truss is always determinate and stable.(2) Deficient truss : A truss which satisfies m < 2 j - r is called deficient truss. When load is applied on truss ABCD, it will collapse and deformed to new shape AB'C’D. Here, number of members are less to keep the truss stable and to transfer forces to the supports. ORIGINAL TRUSS />— DEFORMED TRUSS m=4 | r=3 j-4 No. of unknowns = m +r =443=7 No. of equilibrium conditions =2j=2x4=8 m+r<2j or m<2j-r truss is deficient (imperfect). deficient truss is unstable. (3) Redundant truss : A truss which satisfies m > 2 j - r is called redundant — truss. m= 6 r=3 j=4 No. of unknowns = m+ r=6+3= No. of equilibrium conditions = 2 j = 2 x 4 = 8 m+r>2j on m>2j-r . Truss is redundant (imperfect). here, there is one extra member. Axial force in that member can not be found out by simple equations of static equilibrium. Redundant Truss is statically indeteminate structure.————— — SPACING OF ROOF PURUNS COVERING FIG. 7.5 (a) COMPONENTS OF ROOF TRUSS. _] SPAN < 9m. ZETN SPAN 9 TO 12m (1) KING Post (2) QUEEN Post (3) FAN TYPE ‘SPAN 6 TO 9m f SPAN 6 TO 24m SPAN 5 TO &m (4) FINK TYPE (S) HOW TYPE (6) NORTH UGHT TYPE FIG. 7.5 (b) TYPES OF ROOF TRUSSESSPAN 6 TO 30m LL. f SPAN 6 TO 30m (7) TRIANGULAR (8) COMPOUND FINK (9) WARREN TYPE SPAN 6 TO 24m (10) HOW TYPE (FLAT) FIG. 7.5 (b) TYPES OF ROOF TRUSSES 7.4 INTERNAL RESISTANCE (STRESSES) IN THE MEMBERS : Members of the truss/frame trasmit the loads acting on it to the supports. In transmitting the loads, members are subjected to either compressive stresses or tensile stresses. Tension : If the axial force in truss member tends to pull or stretch its joint away from its pin, the force is called tensile force. The member subjected to tension is called tie or tension member. Compression : If the axial force in truss member tends to push the joint towards its pin, the force is called compressive force.1. 5. 6. . asSUMPTIONS MADE IN THE ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSS : 75 (May 200: All the joints are pinned joints. The truss is loaded at the joints only. The truss is a perfect truss. The members are subjected to axial tension or compression. The members of a truss are slender and straight. Self weights of the members are neglected. 7.6 METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF TRUSS: ° Analysis of truss + tee Method of Method of Graphical joints Sections method.