JAY AMBE PRAKASH K.

BHAVSAR'S SHREE PARSHVA

PARSHVA CLASSES
[ F OR E NGINEERING ]
DEGREE & DIPLOMA MSU & GTU
A NEW NAME OF 'GURU CLASSES '
HEAD OFFICE : FATEHGUNJ BRANCH : WAGHODIA BRANCH :   O
PANKIL CHAMBERS, SB-17, EMPEROR COMPLEX, 3-GAJANAND SOC., Mob.
KHATRI POLE, BESIDE " GOODIES " ABOVE INDIAN OVERSEAS
B/H. JUBILEE BAUG, FATEHGUNJ, BANK, UMA CHAR RASTA,
RAOPURA, VADODARA. VADODARA. WAGHODIA ROAD, VADODARA.

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING - I
INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION :
Q. What is Industrial Engineering ?
Q. Explain what do you know about Industrial Engineering.
Q. Define Industrial Engineering and justify its importance in todays Industrial
work in brief.
 American Institute of Industrial Engineers (AIIE) defines Industrial Engineering
as follows : "Industrial Engineering is concerned with the design, improvement
and installation of integrated system of men, materials and equipment. It
draws upon specialised knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical
sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis
and design to specify, predict and evaluate the result to be obtained from
such system."
 It is also defined as, "An Industrial Engineering is the branch of engineering
which co-ordinates & effectively utilises four major resources i.e. man,
machine, material and money to improve productivity of an organisation."
 CONCEPT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING :
 The prime objective of Industrial Engineering is to increase the productivity by
eliminating waste and non-value adding (unproductive) operations and improving
the effective utilisation of resources. i.e. 4M's
 Industrial means related to industry, which means a process of production or
a complete process of converting input resources into useful products or
services (depending upon nature of industry).
Input Conversion Technique/Production Useful product
Resources or Processing Equipment (Output)

Technology/Information Data
 Engineering may be defined as :
The profession in which a knowledge of Mathematical, Physical and social
sciences obtained by experience and practice is utilised economically for the
conversion of materials into useful products for the benefit of mankind.
 NEED OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING :
 For any organisation (industry), it is very much essential to provide quality
product at reasonable price. Due to increasing global awarness about cost and
quality, industries have to find out ways and means to improve its competition.
So in the world of competition, industries are bound to produce quality products
at minimum cost. This can only be possible if an industry keeps on trying to

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 reduce manufacturing cost of products which can satisfy market demands as
well as profit margin of an industry.
 Products can be produced through several ways and methods. The tools and
techniques of industrial engineering aim at improving the productivity of the
organisation by optimum utilisation of organisation's resources, i.e., men,
materials and methods.
 Industrial engineering is not restricted only to manufacturing activities. It
includes service sectors like banking, education, waste management, health-
care, transportation, distribution etc. Thus, the scope of Industrial Engineering
is quite wide and certainly not restricted to the boundary of industry or factory.

 FIELDS OR SCOPE OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING :

[Areas of Industrial Engineering]
[A] Design and improvement of condition :
 External : Vendor development, Customer research & need analysis etc.
 Internal : Ergonomics includes lighting, noise & vibration, fatigue, ventilations etc.
[B] Design and improvement of organisation :
 Operation Research  Decision Theory
 Human resource development & incentives  Organisational Issues
 Leadership, Motivation, Automation, Organisation culture
[C] Design and improvement of work place, method and procedure :
 Work study  System analysis  Layout planning  Planning
 Directing  Control  Scheduling  Time study
[D] Design and improvement of product and services :
 Value Engineering  TQM (Total Quality Management)
 Product development  Bench marking
 BPR (Business Process Re-engineering)
 Introduction to areas covered in Industrial Engineering :
[1] Work Study :
 Work study is a combination of method (work simplification) and time study
(work measurement), which is used to critically examine human work in all
its context in order to make improvements in it.
 "Method study" helps to find better, easier, less fatiguing, fast and economic
method among available alternatives and "Time study" is useful to estimate
and measure the work content in order to analyse the alternatives.
[2] Materials Management & Inventory Control :
 It deals with controlling material cost through installing effective inventory
control syste m, maint aining optimum in ventory levels and mainta ining
efficient purchase and store systems.
[3] Production, Planning and Control :
 Production, planning is a systematic procedure of planning the production
act ivitie s before actual production, anticipating possible problems and
difficulties in future production control varifies whether the production is
carri ed o u t a cco rd in g t o pl ann ing or not an d t ake s ne ce ssary a ct io ns
accordingly.
[4] Incentives :
 It is a motivation and encouragement given to employees in terms of money,
promotions or facilities in order to improve efficiency of employees and their
job performance.

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  OBJECTIVES OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING :
Q. State the objectives of Industrial Engineering. Also Explain how it is useful
to industrial organization.
Q. Mention its objectives. Also explain how it is useful to industrial organisation.
 The basic objectives of industrial engineering departments are :
[1] Primary objective of industrial engineering is to improve methods of production,
to develop workstandards, or to formulate production control and wage-policies.
[2] Detailed analysis of the use and the cost of the resources, like men, machines,
money and materials.
[3] To increase productivity.
[4] Design of system.
[5] Effective utilisation of the time and the resources available.
[6] To establish the standard methods of doing work & to establish the standard time.
[7] Site selection and plant design.
[8] Production planning and control.

 ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING :

 The field of Industrial Engineering (IE) represents an area that is today
undergoing rapid expansion and diversification. Every activity of an industrial
system involves an element that bring coordination of various activities and
without all acts would be ineffective and non-productive. This element of
cooridnation which influences plans and objectives may be termed
management. Therefore, management consists of getting the things done by
others and a manager is one who achieves goals or accomplishes objectives
by directing the efforts of others.
 The primary activities as per AIIE are :
[1] Selection of processes and assembling methods.
[2] Selection and design of tools and equipment.
[3] Design of facilities including plant location, layout of building, machines
and equipments, material handling system, raw material & finished goods
storage facilities.
[4] Design and improvement of planning and control systems for production,
inventory, quality and plant maintenance and distribution systems.
[5] Developing a cost control system such as budgetary control, cost analysis and
standard costing.
[6] Development of time standards, costing and performance standards.
[7] Development and installation of job evaluation systems.
[8] Installation of wage incentive schemes.
[9] Design and installation of value engineering and analysis system.
[10] Operation research including mathematical and statistical analysis.
[11] Performance evaluation.
[12] Organisation and Methods (O and M).
[13] Project feasibility studies.
[14] Supplier selection and evaluation.
 FIELDS OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING :
[1] Manufacturing Engineering
(a) Equipment selection & specilisation (b) Design of tools, jigs & fixtures
[2] Methods Engineering
Standardisation of methods with the help of operations and motion analysis.
(a) Work measurement,
(b) Determination of allowances,
(c) computation of standard time.
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 [3] Production, planning and control
(a) Materials management (raw materials, finished and semi-finished parts
and components) (b) Machines and Manpower (c) Routine
(d) Estimating (e) Scheduling (f) Dispatching
(g) Expediting (h) Evaluation
[4] Plant layout and material handling [5] Organisation and quality control
[6] Inspection and quality control [7] Wages and incetives
[8] Budgetary control and cost control
 Industrial Engineering helpful to
 Top Management : Assist management in designing long terms plans for
decision making.
 Operations and Work design : Conduct research studies of all operating problems
to increase productivity, reduce cost, improve quality and maximise profit.
 Marketing : Provide assistance in complex pricing and marketing systems
through the use of mathematics, statistics and computers.
 Finance : Develops system which may be used to control labour, material & expenses.
 Purchasing : Provide assistance in evaluating optimum materials specification
establishment of E.O.Q, reorder point and inventory controls.
I.E. also useful for transportation, maintenance and replacement, production
a n d Q u al i t y c o nt r o l , s er vi ce s ec t o r l i k e b a nk i n g, w as t e m a n a g e m e nt ,
distribution and health care etc.
 ROLE OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER :
Q. Mention role of Industrial Engineer in Industry.
Industrial engineers are important link in industry for design, operation, control
and decision making activities of firm. This role is that of an expert, advisor,
analyst, trainer and decision maker.
 Expert : - Helps in decision making - Helps in designing the system
 Advisor and Consultant : - Interprets data - Reviews data
 Analyst of System : - Identifies system faults
- Analyses job at micro level - Co-ordinator and Integrator
 Trainer : - Motivates - Helps in work study
- Trains the workers in methods and motion study
 Motivator : Provide stimulus & skill availability to a group or individual.
 Decision maker : Select a preference from among many alternatives for topic
of concern.
 Project Manager : Operate, supervise and evaluate projects.
  Explain role of industries in society ?
 Each human being needs following basic elements :
(1) Food, (2) Shelter (house, home etc.),
(3) Clothing, (4) Basic facilities like drinking, sanitation etc.
(5) Safety and security
 Items of above elements are available to mankind from industries. In order to
have better quality and cheaper prices of these items, productivity of industries
have to increase.
 Apart from having basic living standard, each human being would like to upgrade
to standard of living in increasing population and situation of limited sources.
 These can be only possible by improving productivity of every element of society
so industries have major role of improving productivity to provide and maintain
better standard of living in society.
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