FACILITIES

PLANNING
INTRODUCTION

Form Follows Function Form and function should

be one, joined in a
spiritual union
FACILITY

 Building
 people
 material
 machines

 Stated purpose
 objectives
Participants in
a facility planning project
 Civil  Architects
 Electrical  Consultants
 Mechanical  General contractors
 Industrial  Managers
Engineers  Real estate brokers
 Urban planners
Towards a definition
 Facilities planning determines how an activity's
tangible fixed assets best support achieving the
activity's objective.
 For a manufacturing firm, facilities planning involves
the determination of how the manufacturing facility
best supports production.
 For an airport, facilities planning involves determining
how the airport facility is to support the passenger-
airplane interface.
 For a hospital: How the hospital facility supports
providing medical care to patients.
FP involves:

 i.e., Hospital, Office, Manufacturing FPs

Facilities Location

 Determining how the location of a facility

supports meeting the facility's objective
 Its placement with respect to customer,
suppliers, and other facilities with which it
interfaces.
 Its orientation on a specific plot of land.
Facilities Design

The determination of how the design

components of a facility support
achieving the facility's objectives
 Facility Systems
 Structural and enclosure systems
 Lighting, electrical, communication systems
 Life safety systems
 Sanitation systems

 For a plant:
• Power, light, gas, heat, ventilation, air conditioning,
water, sewage needs.
Facilities Layout

 Equipment
 Machinery
 Furnishings

 For a manufacturing facility:

 Production areas
 Support areas
 Personnel areas within the building
Handling System

Mechanisms needed to satisfy the

required facility interactions.

For a Manufacturing Facility

Materials, personnel, information, and
equipment-handling systems required to
support production.
Motivations

 Reindustrialization
 Employee health and safety

 Energy conservation

 Community rules and regulations

 Noise, air pollution, waste disposal
 Pilferage
Objectives-I-

 Customer satisfaction
 Return on assets (ROA)
 Maximize inventory turns
 Minimize obsolete inventory
 Maximize employee participation
 Maximize continuous improvement
 Speed for quick customer response
 Costs and supply chain profitability
Objectives-II-

 Supply chain through partnerships and

communication
 Organization’s vision
 Utilizations of people, equipment, space,
energy.
 Return on investment (ROI) on all capital
expenditures
 Adaptability and ease of maintenance
 Employee safety and job satisfaction
Facilities Planning Process

1. DEFINE THE PROBLEM

• The objective of the facility
• Products/Volumes/Role in the SC
• The primary and support activities
• Operations, equipment, personnel,
material flows
• Maintenance
Facilities Planning Process

2. ANALYZE THE PROBLEM

• The interrelationships among all
activities
(Qualitative and quantitative)
Facilities Planning Process

3. DETERMINE THE SPACE

REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL
ACTIVITIES
 For all equipment, material, and
personnel
• Alternative designs
• Alternative facilities plans
Facilities Planning Process

4. EVALUATE THE ALTERNATIVES

5. SELECT THE PREFERRED
DESIGN
6. IMPLEMENT THE DESIGN
• Implement the plan
• Maintain and adapt the plan
• Redefine the objective of the facility
Model of Success

 VISION
 MISSION
 REQUIREMENT
OF SUCCESS
 GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
 EVIDENCE OF
SUCCESS
(Tompkins 1989)
Cost of making design
changes
 Planning
 Designing

 Building

 Installing

 Commissioning
Synergistic benefit of integrated
manufacturing-marketing team
 No.of units sold
 Improved flexible manufacturing
 Product variety
 Lot sizes
 Quality
 Inventory
 Manufacturing unit costs
 Customer service
Facilities planning
 Determines how an activity's tangible fixed assets
should contribute to meeting the activity's objectives.
 Consists of facilities location and facilities design,
 Is part art and part science.
 Can be approached using the engineering design
process,
 Is a continuous process and should be viewed from a
life cycle perspective.
 Represents one of the most significant opportunities
for cost reduction and productivity improvement.
 Type and Quantity of
Determining Flow of
Facility Location Material Handling
Products and People
Devices

Type & Volume of Determine Material Scheduling and

Products (services) Handling Methods Planning Jobs

Manufacturing
Layout of Equipment
(services) Processes Overall System Design
within Each Cell
Required

Design of Components
Layout of machine cells Inventory Control
(services)

Determination of
Type and Quantity of
Machine (service) Distribution of Goods
Equipment Required
Cells

Tooling and Fixture Quality Control and

Process Planning
Determination Customer Service
“The involvement of Industrial Engineers in the
design process enhances and optimizes all
aspects of architectural professional practice in
commercial, healthcare, or industrial projects.
Traditionally. IEs possess skills and analytical
tools for determining site selection, space
requirements, flow/activity analysis, and
space/function relationship programming.
Using these skills, the engineer brings value to
the overall design by assisting in operations
planning, concept design, and layout
evaluation and therefore yielding a more cost-
effective and functional design.”
Problems

 Peruse the problems at the end of the

first chapter (Lab activity).