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Let us
Pray.
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Let’s Review!!!
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Let’s Review!!!
It is considered the sufficient sample size for the CLT to hold.

It states that the distribution of sample means approximates a normal distribution

as the sample size gets larger, regardless of the population's distribution.
CLT

What is the symbol for Mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean?
𝝁 𝒙
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Real Me
The Covid 19 was a man-made
virus.

FAKE NEWS
The Philippines, a country of more than 70 million
people and with a relatively high population growth
rate, faces significant problems of poverty, and
unemployment.

REAL TALK
The Philippines is located east of Vietnam and north
of Indonesia and is composed of 7,641 islands which
can be divided into three main island groups:
Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.

REAL TALK
The Senate will abolish the K-12
program and will replace it with
mandatory military service.

FAKE NEWS
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Understanding
Hypothesis
Testing
Unit 5 – Lesson 1
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Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

 Define hypothesis testing;

 Explain the null and alternative hypotheses in
words and symbols;
 Give the meaning of a right-tailed, left-tailed, and
two-tailed test; and
 Demonstrate the graph regarding right-tailed, left-
tailed, or two-tailed test for a certain situation.
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How will you make a decision?

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What is a Hypothesis?
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Hypothesis

 Is a precise, testable statement of what the

researcher predicts will be the outcome of the
study. It is stated at the start of the study.
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Hypothesis Testing
 It is a form of statistical method that uses data
from a sample to draw conclusions about a
population parameter.

 It is basically testing an assumption that we can

make about a population.
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Why is hypothesis testing

important to decision-making?
HYPOTHESES:
Null &
Alternative
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Hypotheses
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Null Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis

 It is denoted by  It is denoted by or
 It is the initial claim.  It is the contrary to the .
 It shows no significant
 It shows that there is significant
difference, no changes,
difference, an effect, change,
nothing happened, no
relationship between parameter
relationship between two
and specific value.
parameters.
 ;;
𝑯 𝟎 : 𝝁𝟏= 𝝁𝟐
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Null Hypothesis
¿ equal to, the same as, not changed from, is

Alternative Hypothesis

≠ not equal, different from, changed from, not the same as

¿ Greater than, above, higher than, longer than, bigger than,

increased

¿ less than, below, lower than, shorter than, smaller than, decreased
or reduced from
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State the null and alternative hypotheses for the

statement below.

Statement 1. The average age bus drivers in Metro

Manila is 38.8 years.
years

years
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State the null and alternative hypotheses for the

statement below.

Statement 2. An engineer hypothesizes that the mean number of

defects can be decreased in a manufacturing process of compact
disks by using robots instead of humans for certain tasks. The mean
number of defective disks per 1000 is 18.

𝑯 𝟎 : 𝝁 =𝟏𝟖
𝑯 𝒂 : 𝝁 <𝟏𝟖
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Try!
Statement 3. A sociologist believes that it costs more than
Php 91,500 to raise a child from birth to age one. A random
sample of forty-nine (49) families, each with a child is
selected to see if this figure is correct.

𝑯 𝟎 : 𝝁 =𝟗𝟏 , 𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝑯 𝒂 : 𝝁 >𝟗𝟏 ,𝟓𝟎𝟎
II. DIRECTION OF THE
STATISTICAL TEST:
Non-directional &
Directional
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Non-directional Test (Two-tailed)

 A type of hypothesis test that uses two opposite

sides or tails of the distribution

 The alternative hypothesis of a non-directional

test uses the symbol ≠.
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Non-directional Test (Two-tailed)

The probability is found on both tails of the distribution.

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Directional Test (One-tailed)

 Directional tests are appropriate in situations where

you expect a change that is either positive or
negative, not both.

 The alternative hypothesis of a directional test uses

the symbol of greater than > or less than <.
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Directional Test (One-tailed)

The probability is found at the left tail of the The probability is found at the right tail of the
distribution. distribution.
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Example 1
The alternative hypothesis of
this example states that the mean
weight loss of women per month
using a new drug is not equal to
4.88 kilograms (μ ≠ 4.88).
It used the symbol not equal ≠
which signifies that there is no
specified direction. Therefore, we
will use a non-directional test (two-
tailed test) in this example.
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Example 2

The alternative hypothesis of this

example states that the mean cost to raise a
child from birth to age one is greater than
Php 91500 (μ > 91500). It used the symbol
greater than > which signifies that there is
a specified direction (positive).
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Activity 1
Answer the following problem items individually using pen and
paper.

1. We want to test whether the mean GPA of students in American colleges is different
from 2.0 (out of 4.0). State the null and alternative hypothesis.

2. Researcher A claims that an average professional typist has a mean typing speed of
75 words per minute. Researcher B wants to test whether this claim is true. State the
null and alternative hypotheses in symbols and words.

3. A department head wants to test the claim that the daily mean water intake of each
employee is greater than 1.3 liters. State the statistical test to be used and illustrate
it using graph.
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Before leaving the classroom, you must think of

a word that expresses your own understanding
or feeling about the lesson and write it in a piece
of paper.