David Gale

David Gale (December 13, 1921  – March 7, 2008) was an

David Gale
American mathematician and economist. He was a professor
emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, affiliated with
the departments of mathematics, economics, and industrial
engineering and operations research. He has contributed to the
fields of mathematical economics, game theory, and convex
analysis.

Gale earned his B.A. from Swarthmore College, obtained an M.A.

from the University of Michigan in 1947, and earned his Ph.D. in
Mathematics at Princeton University in 1949. He taught at Brown
University from 1950 to 1965 and then joined the faculty at the
University of California, Berkeley.

Gale lived in Berkeley, California, and Paris, France with his

partner Sandra Gilbert, feminist literary scholar and poet. He has
three daughters and two grandsons.

Born December 13, 1921

Contribution New York City, New
York
Gale's contributions to mathematical economics include an early
proof of the existence of competitive equilibrium, his solution of Died March 7, 2008
the n-dimensional Ramsey problem, in the theory of optimal (aged 86)
economic growth. Berkeley, California
Nationality American
Gale and F. M. Stewart initiated the study of infinite games with
perfect information. This work led to fundamental contributions to Alma mater Princeton University
mathematical logic. University of
Michigan
Gale is the inventor of the game of Bridg-It (also known as "Game Swarthmore College
of Gale") and Chomp.
Known for Gale transform
Gale played a fundamental role in the development of the theory of linear programming
linear programming and linear inequalities. His classic 1960 book convex analysis
The Theory of Linear Economic Models continues to be a standard Chomp
reference for this area. Bridg-It
Gale–Shapley
The Gale transform is an involution on sets of points in projective
algorithm
space. The concept is important in optimization, coding theory, and
Ramsey problem
algebraic geometry.
Awards John von Neumann
Gale's 1962 paper with Lloyd Shapley on the stable marriage Theory Prize (1980)
problem provides the first formal statement and proof of a problem
Golden Goose
that has far-reaching implications in many matching markets. The
Award (2013)
resulting Gale–Shapley algorithm is currently being applied in
Pirelli Internetional
Award
New York and Boston public school systems in assigning students Scientific career
to schools. In 2012 The Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to
Fields Mathematics,
Shapley for this work.[1]
economics
Gale wrote a Mathematical Entertainments column for The Institutions University of
Mathematical Intelligencer from 1991 through 1997. The book California, Berkeley,
Tracking the Automatic Ant collects these columns. 1966–2008
Brown University,
In 2004 Gale developed MathSite, a pedagogic website that uses
1950–65
interactive exhibits to illustrate important mathematical ideas.
MathSite won the 2007 Pirelli Internetional Award for Science Rand Corporation,
Communication in Mathematics. 1957–58
Princeton University
1949–50
Awards and honors
Doctoral Albert W. Tucker
Procter Fellow, Princeton University, 1948 advisor
Fulbright Research Fellowship, 1953–54 Doctoral William A. Brock
Guggenheim Fellow, 1962–63, 1981 students Hal Varian
Fellow, Econometric Society, 1965
Miller Professor, 1971–72
Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences, 1975–76
Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1978
Lester Ford Prize, 1979–80
John von Neumann Theory Prize, 1980
Member, National Academy of Sciences, 1983
2002 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management
Sciences[2]
Pirelli Internetional Award Science Communication of Mathematics, 2007
Golden Goose Award, 2013[3]

Selected publications
Infinite games with perfect information (with F.M. Stewart). Annals of Mathematics 28 (1953),
pp. 245–266.
The law of supply and demand. Mathematica Scandinavica 3 (1955), pp. 33–44.
Neighboring vertices on a convex polyhedron, in “Linear Inequalities and Related Systems”
(H.W. Kuhn and A.W. Tucker, eds.), Annals of Mathematical Studies 38, 255–263, Princeton
Univ. Press, 1956.
The theory of linear economic models. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1960.
College admissions and the stability of marriage (with L.S. Shapley). American
Mathematical Monthly 69 (1962), pp. 9–15.
A note on global instability of competitive equilibrium. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly
10 (1963), pp. 81–87.
The Jacobian matrix and global univalence of mappings (with H. Nikaido). Mathematische
Annalen 2 (1965), pp. 81–93.
On optimal development in a multi-sector economy. The Review of Economic Studies 34
(1967), pp. 1–18.
Pure exchange equilibrium of dynamic economic models. Journal of Economic Theory 6
 (1973), pp. 12–26.
A curious nim-type game. American Mathematical Monthly 81(1974), pp. 876–879.
The game of Hex and the Brouwer fixed-point theorem (http://www.maa.org/programs/maa-a
wards/writing-awards/the-game-of-hex-and-the-brouwer-fixed-point-theorem). American
Mathematical Monthly 86(1979), pp. 818–827.
The strategy structure of two-sided matching markets (with G. Demange). Econometrica 53,
no. 4 (1985), pp. 873–888.
Tracking the automatic ant. And other mathematical explorations. A collection of
Mathematical Entertainments columns from The Mathematical Intelligencer. Springer-Verlag,
New York, 1998, pp. xii + 241.

See also
Gale diagram
Gale evenness condition

Notes
1. Roth, Alvin E. (March, 2008), "Deferred Acceptance Algorithms: History, Theory, Practice,
and Open Questions (http://kuznets.fas.harvard.edu/~aroth/papers/Gale%20and%20Shaple
y.revised.IJGT.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080512055558/http://kuznets.fa
s.harvard.edu/~aroth/papers/Gale%20and%20Shapley.revised.IJGT.pdf) 2008-05-12 at the
Wayback Machine", International Journal of Game Theory, Special Issue in Honor of David
Gale on his 85th birthday, 36: 537-569; doi:10.1007/s00182-008-0117-6 (https://doi.org/10.1
007%2Fs00182-008-0117-6).
2. Fellows: Alphabetical List (https://www.informs.org/Recognizing-Excellence/Fellows/Fellow
s-Alphabetical-List), Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences,
retrieved 2019-10-09
3. "Market Design" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161216161326/http://www.goldengooseawa
rd.org/awardees/zfh0utmzft7uewzc3lscuvdp21ogw2). The Golden Goose Award. Archived
from the original (http://www.goldengooseaward.org/awardees/zfh0utmzft7uewzc3lscuvdp21
ogw2) on 2016-12-16. Retrieved 2015-05-27.

Citation of von Neumann Theory Prize on David Gale’s work (https://web.archive.org/web/20

060924004404/http://www.informs.org/article.php?id=1013)
"Mathematician, puzzle lover David Gale has died" (http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/rel
eases/2008/03/18_galeobit.shtml).
Pearce, Jeremy (March 31, 2008). "David Gale, Who Created Marriage Algorithm, Is Dead at
86" (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/31/us/31gale.html). The New York Times.

External links
MathSite (http://mathsite.math.berkeley.edu/main.html)
David Gale (https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=10282) at the Mathematics Genealogy
Project
Biography of David Gale (https://www.informs.org/content/view/full/272912) from the Institute
for Operations Research and the Management Sciences

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