New York Metropolitan Area

7/27/23, 5:44 PM New York metropolitan area - Wikipedia
New York metropolitan area

The New York metropolitan area, broadly referred to as the
Tri-State area, is the largest metropolitan area in the world by New York metropolitan area
urban landmass,[10][11][12] encompassing 4,669.0 sq mi New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-CT-PA
(12,093 km2).[13] The New York area is one of the most populous metro area
metropolitan areas in the world, the world's largest metropolitan
area by size, and the only U.S. metropolitan area larger than 20 Megacity and metropolitan region
million residents as of the 2020 United States census. The vast
metropolitan area includes New York City, the nation's most
populous city, Long Island, Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in New
York state; the six largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey
City, Paterson, Elizabeth, Lakewood, and Edison, and their
respective suburbs; and six of the seven largest cities in
Connecticut: Bridgeport, Stamford, New Haven, Waterbury,
Norwalk, and Danbury, and the suburbs of these cities. The
phrase "Tri-State area" usually refers to New York / New
Jersey / Connecticut, although an increasing number of people
who work in New York City commute from Pennsylvania,
particularly from the Lehigh Valley and Poconos regions in
eastern Pennsylvania. The New York metropolitan area is the
geographic and demographic hub of the larger Northeast
megalopolis.
The New York metropolitan area is the most populous

metropolitan statistical area in the United States with 20.1
million residents, or slightly over 6% of the nation's total
population, as of 2020.[7] The combined statistical area includes
23.6 million residents as of 2020.[14][15] It is one of the largest
urban agglomerations in the world.[16][17][18] The New York
metropolitan area continues to be the premier gateway for legal
immigration to the United States,[19][20][21][22] having the largest
foreign-born population of any metropolitan region in the world.
The metropolitan statistical area covers 6,720 sq mi (17,405 km2)
while the combined statistical area is 13,318 sq mi (34,493 km2),
encompassing an ethnically and geographically diverse region.
The New York metropolitan area's population is larger than that
From top, left to right: The Financial District of
of the state of New York, and the metropolitan airspace
Lower Manhattan, the world's principal financial
accommodated over 130 million passengers in 2016.[23] center;[1][2][3][4][5] Montauk Point Light, on the
East End of Long Island; Downtown White
As the hub of multiple industries, including finance, health care, Plains, in the Hudson Valley region; the
pharmaceuticals, and life sciences,[24] international trade, Paramount Theatre, at Asbury Park Convention
publishing, real estate, education, fashion, entertainment, Hall at nightfall on the Jersey Shore;
tourism, law, and manufacturing, the New York metropolitan Greenwich, on Connecticut’s Gold Coast, home
area estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of to many wealthy financiers and hedge funds;
$2.1 trillion as of 2022, representing the largest metropolitan and Midtown Manhattan overlooking Hudson
County, New Jersey toward the west, across
economy worldwide; and if the New York metropolitan area were the Hudson River
an independent sovereign state, it would constitute the eighth-
largest economy in the world.[25][26][27][28] It is the most Country United States
prominent financial,[29][30][31] diplomatic, and media hub[32][33] States New York
New Jersey
in the world.[34][35]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area 1/69
According to Forbes, in 2014, the New York metropolitan area Connecticut

was home to eight of the top ten ZIP Codes in the United States Pennsylvania
by median housing price, with six in Manhattan alone.[36] The Core city New York City
New York metropolitan area is known for its varied landscape Satellite cities
and natural beauty, and contains five of the top ten richest places Asbury Park
in America, according to Bloomberg. These are Scarsdale, New Babylon
York; Short Hills, New Jersey; Old Greenwich, Connecticut; Basking Ridge
Bronxville, New York; and Darien, Connecticut.[37] The New York Bayonne
metropolitan region's higher education network comprises Beacon
hundreds of colleges and universities, including three Ivy League Bethlehem
universities: Columbia, Princeton, and Yale, as well as the Brick
globally-ranked academic institutions of New York University,
Bridgeport
Rockefeller University, and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
Bridgewater
Brookhaven
Definitions Carmel
Clifton
Danbury
Metropolitan statistical area Darien
Denville
The counties and county groupings constituting the New York
Edison
metropolitan area are listed below, with 2010 census figures:
Elizabeth
The U.S. Office of Management and Budget utilizes two Fort Lee
definitions of the urbanized area: the metropolitan statistical area Freehold
(MSA) and the combined statistical area (CSA). The MSA Glen Cove
definition is titled the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Hackensack
Metropolitan Statistical Area, and includes a population of 20.3 Hamilton
million people by 2017 Census estimates, roughly 1 in 16 Hawthorne
Americans and nearly 7 million more than the second-place Los
Hempstead
Angeles metropolitan area in the United States. The MSA is
Hopewell Junction
further subdivided into four metropolitan divisions. The 23-
county MSA includes 10 counties in New York State (coextensive Huntington
with the five boroughs of New York, the two remaining counties Islip
of Long Island, and three counties in the Lower Hudson Valley); Jackson
12 counties in Northern and Central New Jersey; and one county Jersey City
in northeastern Pennsylvania. The largest urbanized area in the Lakewood
United States is at the heart of the metropolitan area, the New Long Beach
York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT Urbanized Area (which had a land Long Branch
area of 3,450 square miles in 2010 according to the 2010 census). Middletown, NJ
The New York state portion of the metropolitan area (the Five Middletown, Orange
Boroughs, the lower Hudson Valley, and Long Island) accounts County, NY
for over 65 percent of the state's population. Montclair
Morristown
New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ–PA Metropolitan
Statistical Area (19,043,386) Mount Kisco
Mount Vernon,
New York–Jersey City–White Plains, NY–NJ Metropolitan Westchester County,
Division (11,732,233) New York
New Brunswick
Kings County, NY (the borough of Brooklyn in NYC) New Haven
Queens County, NY (the borough of Queens in NYC) New Rochelle
New York County, NY (the borough of Manhattan in NYC) Newark
Bronx County, NY (the borough of The Bronx in NYC) Newburgh
Richmond County, NY (the borough of Staten Island in Newtown
NYC) North Bergen
Westchester County, NY North Hempstead

Bergen County, NJ Norwalk
Hudson County, NJ Old Bridge
Passaic County, NJ Oyster Bay
Putnam County, NY Paramus
Rockland County, NY Parsippany–Troy
Hills
Nassau County–Suffolk County, NY Metropolitan Division Paterson
(2,832,882)
Plainfield
Suffolk County, NY Poughkeepsie
Nassau County, NY Princeton
New Brunswick-Lakewood, NJ Metropolitan Division Red Bank
(2,383,854) Rhinebeck
Sleepy Hollow
Middlesex County, NJ
Smithtown
Monmouth County, NJ
Stamford
Ocean County, NJ
Summit
Somerset County, NJ
Toms River
Newark, NJ–PA Metropolitan Division (2,174,944) Trenton
Essex County, NJ Union
Union County, NJ Waterbury
Morris County, NJ Wayne
Sussex County, NJ White Plains
Woodbridge
Hunterdon County, NJ
Yonkers
Pike County, PA
Area[6]
• Urban 3,450.2 sq mi
Combined statistical area (8,936 km2)
Population[6]
Combined statistical areas (CSAs) group together adjacent core-
based statistical areas with a high degree of economic • Density 5,318/sq mi (2,053/km2)
interconnection.[39] The New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA • Metropolitan 20,140,470[7] (1st)
Statistical Area
Combined Statistical Area had an estimated population of 23.7
(MSA) (2020)
million as of 2014.[15] About one out of every fifteen Americans • 2022 ACS 1- 19,617,869
resides in this region, which includes eight additional counties in year[8]
New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. This area,
less the Pennsylvania portion, is often referred to as the tri-state Demonym Metro New Yorker
area and less commonly the tri-state region. The New York City Time zone UTC−05:00 (EST)
television designated market area (DMA) includes Pike County, • Summer (DST) UTC−04:00 (EDT)
Pennsylvania,[40] which is also included in the CSA.
Area codes 201, 203, 212, 332, 272,
347, 475, 484, 516, 551,
In addition to the New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ–PA
570, 609, 610, 631, 640,
metropolitan statistical areas (MSA), the following core-based 646, 718, 732, 845, 848,
statistical areas are also included in the New York–Newark, NY– 860, 862, 908, 914, 917,
NJ–CT–PA CSA: 929, 973
Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury, CT MSA (916,829) GMP USD 2.0 trillion[9]

Highest elevation 4,180 ft/1,274 m (Slide
Fairfield County Mountain (Ulster County, New York), in the
New Haven–Milford, CT MSA (862,477) Catskill Mountains).
Lowest elevation 0 ft/0 m (sea level) at the
New Haven County, Connecticut Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound, and at
Trenton–Princeton, NJ MSA (396,811) Hudson River estuary waterways.
Mercer County
Torrington, CT micropolitan statistical area (189,927)
Litchfield County
Kingston, NY MSA (182,693)
Ulster County
East Stroudsburg, PA MSA (169,842)
Monroe County, Pennsylvania
Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown, NY MSA (670,301)
Dutchess County
Map of the counties in the four
Orange County, NY divisions of the New York
Metropolitan Area as defined by the
Geography U.S. Census Bureau.[38]
The area is frequently divided into the following

subregions:[42][43]
New York City (the primary urban center of the

metropolitan region, comprising five boroughs, one of
which is Manhattan, the geographical, cultural, and
economic core of the entire metropolitan area)
Central and eastern Long Island (Nassau and Suffolk
Counties – separated by water from the rest of the
region except New York City; not including Queens
County or Kings County (Brooklyn), which are
concurrent with two of New York's five boroughs)
North Jersey (northern portion of New Jersey)
Central Jersey (middle portion of New Jersey) Nocturnal view of the New York City metropolitan area,
Hudson Valley (Lower Hudson Valley suburbs of the world's most brightly illuminated conurbation and
Westchester, Putnam, and Rockland Counties; and largest urban landmass. Long Island extends 120 miles
Mid-Hudson exurbs of Dutchess, Sullivan, Orange, and (190 km) eastward from Manhattan, the central core of the
Ulster Counties) conurbation.
Western Connecticut (Only Fairfield, New Haven, and

Litchfield Counties are part of the region and separated
by the state line)
Southern and Eastern Poconos (Monroe and Pike Counties in Pennsylvania)
All eight subregions are often further subdivided. For instance, Long Island can be divided into its South and
North Shores (usually when speaking about Nassau County and western Suffolk County) and the East End. The
Hudson Valley and Connecticut are sometimes grouped together and referred to as the Northern Suburbs,
largely because of the shared usage of the Metro-North Railroad system.[44]
Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, New York City, western (and parts of eastern) Long Island, and the
Jersey Shore experience a humid subtropical climate (Cfa),[45][46] and New York is thus the northernmost major
city on the North American continent with this climate type.
Much of the remainder of the metropolitan area lies in the transition zone from a humid subtropical (Cfa) to a
humid continental climate (Dfa),[45][46] and it is only the inland, more exurban areas far to the north and west
such as Sussex County, New Jersey, that have a January daily average of −3 °C (26.6 °F) or below and are fully
humid continental; the Dfb (warm summer subtype) regime is only found
inland at a higher elevation,[45] and receives greater snowfall[47] than the Dfa
region. Much of Monroe and most of Pike County in Pennsylvania also have a
fully humid continental climate.
Summers in the area are typically hot and humid. Nighttime conditions in
and around the five boroughs of New York are often exacerbated by the urban
heat island phenomenon, and temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average
of 7–8 days (on the immediate Long Island Sound and Atlantic coasts), up to
in excess of 27 days (inland suburbs in New Jersey) each summer and may
exceed 100 °F (38 °C).. Normally, warm to hot temperatures begin in mid
May, and last through early October. Summers also feature passing
thundershowers which build in the heat of the day, then drop brief, but
intense rainfall.
Winters are cold with a mix of rain and snow. Although prevailing winds in
winter are offshore, and temper the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean, Part of the Palisades Interstate
the Atlantic and the partial shielding by the Appalachians from colder air Park, the cliffs of the New Jersey
keep the New York area warmer in the winter than inland North American Palisades of Bergen County
metropolitan areas located at similar or lesser latitudes including Pittsburgh, overlook the Hudson River as well
Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. Warm periods with 50 °F (10 °C)+ as The Bronx and Upper Manhattan
temperatures may occasionally occur during winter as well.[48] The hardiness in New York.
zone in the New York metropolitan area varies over a wide range from 5a in
the highest areas of Dutchess, Monroe, and Ulster Counties to 7b in most of
NYC as well as Hudson County from Bayonne up the east side of the
Palisades to Route 495, the majority of Nassau County, the north coast of
Monmouth County, and Copiague Harbor, Lindenhurst, and Montauk in
Suffolk County.[49]
Almost all of the metropolitan area receives at least 42 inches (1,070 mm) of

precipitation annually, which is relatively evenly spread throughout the year, Enveloped by the Atlantic Ocean
and Long Island Sound, New York
and many areas receive upwards of 50 in (1,270 mm). Average winter
City and Long Island alone are
snowfall for 1981 to 2010 ranges from just under 25 inches (64 cm) along the
home to approximately 11 million
coast of Long Island to more than 50 in (127 cm) in some inland areas, but
residents conjointly.
this usually varies considerably from year to year.[50] Hurricanes and tropical
storms have impacted the Tri-State area in the past, though a direct hit is
rare. Several areas on Long Island, New Jersey, and the Connecticut coast
have been impacted by serious storm surges in the past. Inland areas have
been impacted by heavy rain and flooding from tropical cyclones.[51]
The New York metropolitan area averages 234 days with at least some
sunshine and 59% of possible sunlight annually,[52] accumulating 2,400 to
2,800 hours of sunshine per annum.[53]
The New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-

PA Combined Statistical Area
The Bear Mountain Bridge

connecting Westchester and
Orange Counties, New York, across
the Hudson River, as seen from
Bear Mountain
High Point Monument as seen from

Lake Marcia at High Point, Sussex
County, the highest elevation in
New Jersey at 1,803 feet (550 m)
above sea level.[41]
Climate data for New York (Belvedere Castle, Central Park), 1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes [hide]
1869–present[b]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high 72 78 86 96 99 101 106 104 102 94 84 75 106

°F (°C) (22) (26) (30) (36) (37) (38) (41) (40) (39) (34) (29) (24) (41)
Mean
60.4 60.7 70.3 82.9 88.5 92.1 95.7 93.4 89.0 79.7 70.7 62.9 97.0
maximum °F
(15.8) (15.9) (21.3) (28.3) (31.4) (33.4) (35.4) (34.1) (31.7) (26.5) (21.5) (17.2) (36.1)
(°C)
Average 39.5 42.2 49.9 61.8 71.4 79.7 84.9 83.3 76.2 64.5 54.0 44.3 62.6
high °F (°C) (4.2) (5.7) (9.9) (16.6) (21.9) (26.5) (29.4) (28.5) (24.6) (18.1) (12.2) (6.8) (17.0)
Daily mean 33.7 35.9 42.8 53.7 63.2 72.0 77.5 76.1 69.2 57.9 48.0 39.1 55.8
°F (°C) (0.9) (2.2) (6.0) (12.1) (17.3) (22.2) (25.3) (24.5) (20.7) (14.4) (8.9) (3.9) (13.2)
Average low 27.9 29.5 35.8 45.5 55.0 64.4 70.1 68.9 62.3 51.4 42.0 33.8 48.9
°F (°C) (−2.3) (−1.4) (2.1) (7.5) (12.8) (18.0) (21.2) (20.5) (16.8) (10.8) (5.6) (1.0) (9.4)
Mean
9.8 12.7 19.7 32.8 43.9 52.7 61.8 60.3 50.2 38.4 27.7 18.0 7.7
minimum °F
(−12.3) (−10.7) (−6.8) (0.4) (6.6) (11.5) (16.6) (15.7) (10.1) (3.6) (−2.4) (−7.8) (−13.5)
(°C)
Record low −6 −15 3 12 32 44 52 50 39 28 5 −13 −15

°F (°C) (−21) (−26) (−16) (−11) (0) (7) (11) (10) (4) (−2) (−15) (−25) (−26)
Average
3.64 3.19 4.29 4.09 3.96 4.54 4.60 4.56 4.31 4.38 3.58 4.38 49.52
precipitation
(92) (81) (109) (104) (101) (115) (117) (116) (109) (111) (91) (111) (1,258)
inches (mm)
Average
8.8 10.1 5.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 4.9 29.8
snowfall
(22) (26) (13) (1.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.25) (1.3) (12) (76)
inches (cm)
Average
precipitation
10.8 10.0 11.1 11.4 11.5 11.2 10.5 10.0 8.8 9.5 9.2 11.4 125.4
days
(≥ 0.01 in)
Average
snowy days 3.7 3.2 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.1 11.4
(≥ 0.1 in)
Average
relative 61.5 60.2 58.5 55.3 62.7 65.2 64.2 66.0 67.8 65.6 64.6 64.1 63.0
humidity (%)
Average
18.0 19.0 25.9 34.0 47.3 57.4 61.9 62.1 55.6 44.1 34.0 24.6 40.3
dew point °F
(−7.8) (−7.2) (−3.4) (1.1) (8.5) (14.1) (16.6) (16.7) (13.1) (6.7) (1.1) (−4.1) (4.6)
(°C)
Mean
monthly
162.7 163.1 212.5 225.6 256.6 257.3 268.2 268.2 219.3 211.2 151.0 139.0 2,534.7
sunshine
hours
Percent
possible 54 55 57 57 57 57 59 63 59 61 51 48 57
sunshine
Average
ultraviolet 2 3 4 6 7 8 8 8 6 4 2 1 5
index
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990; dew point 1965–1984)[55][56][57][58]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[59]
See Climate of New York City for additional climate information from the outer boroughs.
Sea temperature data for New York

Average sea temperature °F 41.7 39.7 40.2 45.1 52.5 64.5 72.1 74.1 70.1 63.0 54.3 47.2 55.4
(°C) (5.4) (4.3) (4.5) (7.3) (11.4) (18.1) (22.3) (23.4) (21.2) (17.2) (12.4) (8.4) (13.0)
Source: Weather Atlas[59]
Climate data for Newark, New Jersey (Newark Liberty Int'l) [show]
Record high 74 76 89 97 99 102 108 105 105 93 85 76 108

°F (°C) (23) (24) (32) (36) (37) (39) (42) (41) (41) (34) (29) (24) (42)
Average high 38.8 42.3 50.7 62.0 72.1 81.5 86.0 84.0 76.7 65.3 54.6 43.5 63.1
°F (°C) (3.8) (5.7) (10.4) (16.7) (22.3) (27.5) (30.0) (28.9) (24.8) (18.5) (12.6) (6.4) (17.3)
Average low 24.5 26.9 33.6 43.7 53.3 63.3 68.7 67.5 59.7 48.0 39.0 29.6 46.5
°F (°C) (−4.2) (−2.8) (0.9) (6.5) (11.8) (17.4) (20.4) (19.7) (15.4) (8.9) (3.9) (−1.3) (8.1)
Record low °F −8 −14 6 16 33 41 51 45 35 25 12 −8 −14

(°C) (−22) (−26) (−14) (−9) (1) (5) (11) (7) (2) (−4) (−11) (−22) (−26)
Average
3.53 2.88 4.18 4.20 4.09 4.02 4.76 3.70 3.82 3.60 3.65 3.80 46.24
precipitation
(90) (73) (106) (107) (104) (102) (121) (94) (97) (91) (93) (97) (1,174)
inches (mm)
Average
8.9 9.5 4.4 .9 0 0 0 0 0 0 .4 5.4 29.5
snowfall
(23) (24) (11) (2.3) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (1.0) (14) (75.3)
inches (cm)
Average
precipitation
10.4 9.8 11.0 11.5 11.3 11.0 10.1 9.7 8.6 8.7 9.5 10.6 122.1
days
(≥ 0.01 inch)
Average
snowy days 5.0 3.7 2.4 .4 0 0 0 0 0 0 .4 2.9 14.7
(≥ 0.1 inch)
Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)
Climate data for White Plains, New York (Westchester Co. Airport) [show]
Average high 35.4 38.8 46.8 58.0 68.0 77.0 81.6 79.9 72.5 61.5 51.4 40.4 59.4
°F (°C) (1.9) (3.8) (8.2) (14.4) (20.0) (25.0) (27.6) (26.6) (22.5) (16.4) (10.8) (4.7) (15.2)
Average low 21.1 22.9 29.3 39.3 48.6 58.9 63.9 62.9 55.1 43.7 36.0 26.8 42.5
°F (°C) (−6.1) (−5.1) (−1.5) (4.1) (9.2) (14.9) (17.7) (17.2) (12.8) (6.5) (2.2) (−2.9) (5.8)
Average
3.78 2.99 4.52 4.40 4.12 4.25 3.71 4.16 4.72 4.41 3.97 4.32 49.35
precipitation
(96) (76) (115) (112) (105) (108) (94) (106) (120) (112) (101) (110) (1,255)
inches (mm)
Average
8.9 8.8 5.4 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .3 5.5 29.9
snowfall
(23) (22) (14) (2.5) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0.76) (14) (76.26)
inches (cm)
Average
precipitation
9.3 8.5 10.3 10.3 10.9 9.9 9.0 9.5 8.7 9.0 9.9 10.4 115.7
days
(≥ 0.01 inch)
Average
snowy days 3.6 2.7 2.0 .3 0 0 0 0 0 0 .3 2.3 11.2
(≥ 0.1 inch)
Climate data for West Point, New York [show]
Record high 71 72 86 96 97 102 106 105 105 92 82 72 106

°F (°C) (22) (22) (30) (36) (36) (39) (41) (41) (41) (33) (28) (22) (41)
Average high 34.8 38.6 47.7 60.6 71.3 79.8 84.5 82.5 74.8 62.5 51.3 39.6 60.7
°F (°C) (1.6) (3.7) (8.7) (15.9) (21.8) (26.6) (29.2) (28.1) (23.8) (16.9) (10.7) (4.2) (15.9)
Average low 20.1 22.4 29.4 40.1 49.8 59.1 63.7 63.0 55.2 44.5 35.8 26.2 42.4
°F (°C) (−6.6) (−5.3) (−1.4) (4.5) (9.9) (15.1) (17.6) (17.2) (12.9) (6.9) (2.1) (−3.2) (5.8)
Record low °F −15 −17 −2 12 25 39 40 35 28 20 5 −16 −17

(°C) (−26) (−27) (−19) (−11) (−4) (4) (4) (2) (−2) (−7) (−15) (−27) (−27)
Average
3.73 2.97 3.93 4.00 4.15 4.59 4.59 4.54 4.47 4.99 4.33 4.27 50.55
precipitation
(95) (75) (100) (102) (105) (117) (117) (115) (114) (127) (110) (108) (1,284)
inches (mm)
Average
12.2 11.2 5.6 .2 0 0 0 0 0 0 .6 5.5 35.3
snowfall
(31) (28) (14) (0.51) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (1.5) (14) (89.01)
inches (cm)
Average
precipitation
9.8 7.8 9.2 10.6 11.4 11.3 10.2 9.3 8.2 8.8 9.4 10.0 115.9
days
(≥ 0.01 inch)
Average
snowy days 5.1 3.1 1.6 .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 .3 1.7 11.9
(≥ 0.1 inch)
Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)[60][61]
Climate data for Bridgehampton, New York [show]
Record high 67 63 79 92 93 95 102 100 94 88 75 70 102

°F (°C) (19) (17) (26) (33) (34) (35) (39) (38) (34) (31) (24) (21) (39)
Average high 38.9 40.5 47.0 56.3 66.1 75.2 81.0 80.2 73.5 63.2 53.7 43.8 60.0
°F (°C) (3.8) (4.7) (8.3) (13.5) (18.9) (24.0) (27.2) (26.8) (23.1) (17.3) (12.1) (6.6) (15.6)
Average low 23.8 25.5 31.0 39.6 48.2 58.3 64.0 63.2 56.0 45.1 37.5 28.6 43.4
°F (°C) (−4.6) (−3.6) (−0.6) (4.2) (9.0) (14.6) (17.8) (17.3) (13.3) (7.3) (3.1) (−1.9) (6.3)
Record low °F −11 −12 6 14 29 36 46 41 35 22 10 −6 −12

(°C) (−24) (−24) (−14) (−10) (−2) (2) (8) (5) (2) (−6) (−12) (−21) (−24)
Average
4.00 3.72 5.07 4.52 3.78 4.12 3.45 3.92 4.60 4.20 4.37 4.38 50.13
precipitation
(102) (94) (129) (115) (96) (105) (88) (100) (117) (107) (111) (111) (1,275)
inches (mm)
Average
7.8 8.4 5.0 .9 0 0 0 0 0 0 .7 3.9 26.7
snowfall
(20) (21) (13) (2.3) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (1.8) (9.9) (68)
inches (cm)
Average
precipitation
9.9 8.9 10.2 10.5 10.7 8.8 7.9 7.7 8.1 8.4 9.5 10.0 110.6
days
(≥ 0.01 inch)
Average
snowy days 3.2 3.0 1.9 .3 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 1.7 10.3
(≥ 0.1 inch)
Climate data for Bridgeport, Connecticut (Sikorsky Airport) [show]
Record high 68 67 84 91 97 97 103 100 99 89 78 76 103

°F (°C) (20) (19) (29) (33) (36) (36) (39) (38) (37) (32) (26) (24) (39)
Average high 37.1 39.7 47.2 57.6 67.6 77.0 82.1 80.8 74.0 63.2 53.1 42.3 60.1
°F (°C) (2.8) (4.3) (8.4) (14.2) (19.8) (25.0) (27.8) (27.1) (23.3) (17.3) (11.7) (5.7) (15.6)
Average low 23.1 25.2 31.4 41.0 50.5 60.2 66.3 65.6 58.0 46.4 37.9 28.4 44.5
°F (°C) (−4.9) (−3.8) (−0.3) (5.0) (10.3) (15.7) (19.1) (18.7) (14.4) (8.0) (3.3) (−2.0) (6.9)
Record low °F −7 −5 4 18 31 41 49 44 36 26 16 −4 −7
(°C) (−22) (−21) (−16) (−8) (−1) (5) (9) (7) (2) (−3) (−9) (−20) (−22)
Average
3.10 2.79 4.04 4.13 3.80 3.64 3.46 3.96 3.48 3.64 3.39 3.33 42.75
precipitation
(79) (71) (103) (105) (97) (92) (88) (101) (88) (92) (86) (85) (1,086)
inches (mm)
Average
9.2 8.2 5.4 .9 0 0 0 0 0 0 .7 5.5 30.0
snowfall
(23) (21) (14) (2.3) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (1.8) (14) (76)
inches (cm)
Average
precipitation
10.9 9.7 11.3 11.0 11.8 11.1 8.9 8.9 8.2 8.8 10.0 11.1 121.7
days
(≥ 0.01 inch)
Average
snowy days 5.0 3.6 2.4 .3 0 0 0 0 0 0 .5 3.1 15.0
(≥ 0.1 inch)
Climate data for Danbury, Connecticut [show]
Record high 71 77 92 95 97 105 106 104 100 91 82 80 106

°F (°C) (22) (25) (33) (35) (36) (41) (41) (40) (38) (33) (28) (27) (41)
Average high 35.6 39.6 48.7 61.0 71.9 80.8 84.9 82.5 74.5 62.7 51.3 39.9 61.1
°F (°C) (2.0) (4.2) (9.3) (16.1) (22.2) (27.1) (29.4) (28.1) (23.6) (17.1) (10.7) (4.4) (16.2)
Average low 19.2 21.8 28.6 38.9 48.4 58.5 63.4 61.8 53.4 41.8 33.6 24.6 41.2
°F (°C) (−7.1) (−5.7) (−1.9) (3.8) (9.1) (14.7) (17.4) (16.6) (11.9) (5.4) (0.9) (−4.1) (5.1)
Record low °F −18 −16 −9 14 25 35 38 37 23 16 0 −11 −18

(°C) (−28) (−27) (−23) (−10) (−4) (2) (3) (3) (−5) (−9) (−18) (−24) (−28)
Average
3.76 3.18 4.43 4.36 4.57 4.74 4.99 4.55 4.66 4.89 4.54 4.16 52.83
precipitation
(96) (81) (113) (111) (116) (120) (127) (116) (118) (124) (115) (106) (1,343)
inches (mm)
Average
14.9 13.1 9.7 1.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 9.7 50.2
snowfall
(38) (33) (25) (4.1) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (3.0) (25) (128.1)
inches (cm)
Average
precipitation
11.5 10.0 11.8 11.5 12.2 12.0 10.4 9.4 9.3 9.2 10.0 11.6 128.9
days
(≥ 0.01 inch)
Average
snowy days 7.9 5.4 4.2 .9 0 0 0 0 0 .1 1.0 5.0 24.5
(≥ 0.1 inch)
Climate data for Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania [show]
72 74 87 96 97 110 104 103 106 95 98 72 110

Record high °F (°C)
(22) (23) (31) (36) (36) (43) (40) (39) (41) (35) (37) (22) (43)
35 39 49 61 72 80 85 83 75 64 51 40 61
Average high °F (°C)
(2) (4) (9) (16) (22) (27) (29) (28) (24) (18) (11) (4) (16)
16 17 26 36 46 55 59 58 50 38 30 22 38
Average low °F (°C)
(−9) (−8) (−3) (2) (8) (13) (15) (14) (10) (3) (−1) (−6) (3)
−25 −21 −14 10 24 32 36 32 20 14 2 −14 −25

Record low °F (°C)
(−32) (−29) (−26) (−12) (−4) (0) (2) (0) (−7) (−10) (−17) (−26) (−32)
Average precipitation 3.98 3.01 3.84 4.00 5.01 4.56 4.42 4.28 4.89 3.81 4.26 3.92 49.98
inches (mm) (101) (76) (98) (102) (127) (116) (112) (109) (124) (97) (108) (100) (1,270)
Source: Weatherbase[62]
Climate data for Morristown, New Jersey [show]
38 41 50 61 71 80 85 83 75 65 54 43 62
Average high °F (°C)
(3) (5) (10) (16) (22) (27) (29) (28) (24) (18) (12) (6) (17)
18 19 27 36 46 54 59 58 51 39 32 23 39
Average low °F (°C)
(−8) (−7) (−3) (2) (8) (12) (15) (14) (11) (4) (0) (−5) (4)
Average precipitation 4.50 3.00 4.41 4.64 5.09 4.40 5.29 4.37 5.33 4.17 4.37 4.10 53.67
inches (mm) (114) (76) (112) (118) (129) (112) (134) (111) (135) (106) (111) (104) (1,363)
Source: [63]
Subregions
New York City
Ten-mile Manhattan skyline panorama (120th St. to the Battery) seen from Weehawken, NJ across the Hudson in February 2018.
1 Riverside Church · 2 Deutsche Bank Center · 3 220 Central Park South · 4 Central Park Tower · 5 One57 ·
6 432 Park Ave · 7 53W53 · 8 Chrysler Building · 9 Bank of America Tower · 10 Conde Nast Building · 11 The
New York Times Building · 12 Empire State Building · 13 Manhattan West · 14 a: 55 Hudson Yards, b: 35
Hudson Yards, c: 10 Hudson Yards, d: 15 Hudson Yards · 15 56 Leonard St · 16 8 Spruce St · 17 Woolworth
Building · 18 70 Pine St · 19 30 Park Pl · 20 40 Wall St · 21 3 World Trade Ctr · 22 4 World Trade Ctr · 23 1
World Trade Ctr
The geographical, cultural, and economic center of the metropolitan area is New York City, the most populous
city in the United States and has been described as the capital of the world.[64] The city consists of five boroughs,
each of which is coterminous with a county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens,
Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.[65] With a Census-
estimated population of 8,335,897 in 2022 (8,467,513 in 2021[66][67]), distributed over a land area of just 305
square miles (790 km2),[68] New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States.[69] A global
power city,[70] New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, health care and life
sciences,[24] media, dining, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace[71][72]
defining the term New York minute.[73] Home to the headquarters of the United Nations,[74] New York is an
important center for international diplomacy.[75] New York is a global city[76] and has been described as the
cultural,[77][78] financial,[29][30] entertainment,[64] and media capital[32][33] of the world, as well as the world's
most economically powerful city.[35][30][79][31]
Long Island
Long Island, the most populous island in the United States, is located just off
the northeast coast of the United States and is a region wholly included
within both the U.S. state of New York and the New York metropolitan area.
Extending 118 miles east-northeast of Roosevelt Island, Manhattan from New
York Harbor into the Atlantic Ocean, the island comprises four counties:
Kings and Queens (these form the New York boroughs of Brooklyn and
Queens, respectively) to the west; then Nassau and Suffolk to the east.
However, most people in the New York metropolitan area (even those living
in Queens and Brooklyn) colloquially use the term "Long Island" (or "The
Island") exclusively to refer to the Nassau-Suffolk county area collectively,
which is mainly suburban in character.[81] North of the island is Long Island
Sound, across which are the U.S. states of Connecticut and Rhode Island.
With a population of 8,063,232 enumerated at the 2020 U.S. Census, The Village of Garden City in
constituting nearly 40% of New York State's population,[82][83][84][85][86] the Nassau County, Long Island's Town
majority of New York City residents, 58.4% as of 2020, live on Long Island, of Hempstead, which with over
namely the estimated 4,896,398 residents living in the New York City 770,000 people is the New York
boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens.[87] Long Island is the most populated metropolitan area's most populous
island in any U.S. state or territory, and the 17th-most populous island in the individual municipality outside New
world (ahead of Ireland, Jamaica, and Hokkaidō). Its population density is York City.[80]
5,571 inhabitants per square mile (2,151/km2). If Long Island geographically
constituted an independent metropolitan statistical area, it would rank fourth
most populous in the United States; while if it were a U.S. state, Long Island
would rank 13th in population and first in population density. Queens is the
most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.[88][89] The Town of
Hempstead in Nassau County, with an estimated population of 770,367 in
2016, is the most populous municipality in the New York metropolitan area
outside of New York City.[80]
Long Island is also the 17th most populous island in the world, but is more
Westhampton, Suffolk County, New
prominently known for recreation, boating, and miles of public beaches,
York, on the East End of Long
including numerous town, county, and state parks, as well as Fire Island
Island, December 2008
National Seashore and wealthy and expensive coastal residential enclaves.
Along the north shore, the Gold Coast of Long Island, featured in the film The
Great Gatsby, is an upscale section of Nassau and western Suffolk counties that once featured many lavish
mansions built and inhabited by wealthy business tycoons in the earlier years of the 20th century, of which only
a few remain preserved as historic sites. The East End of Long Island (known as the "Twin Forks" because of its
physical shape) boasts open spaces for farmland and wineries. The South Fork, in particular, comprises
numerous towns and villages known collectively as "The Hamptons" and has an international reputation as a
"playground for the rich and famous", with some of the wealthiest communities in the United States. In 2015,
according to Business Insider, the 11962 zip code encompassing Sagaponack, within Southampton, was listed as
the most expensive in the U.S. by real estate-listings site Property Shark, with a median home sale price of
$5,125,000.[90] During the summer season, many celebrities and the wealthy visit or reside in mansions and
waterfront homes, while others spend weekends enjoying the beaches, gardens, bars, restaurants, and
nightclubs.
Long Island is served by a network of parkways and expressways, with the Long Island Expressway, Northern
State Parkway, and Southern State Parkway being major east–west routes across significant portions of the
island. Commuter rail access is provided by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) Long Island Rail
Road, one of the largest commuter railroads in the United States. Air travel needs are served by several airports.
Within Queens, the island is home to John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport, two of the
three major airline hubs serving the New York area (with Newark Liberty International Airport being the third;
all three major airports are operated by The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey). Long Island MacArthur
Airport (serving commercial airlines) and Farmingdale/Republic Airport (private and commuter flights) are
both located in Suffolk County.
Lower Hudson Valley
Known for its hilly terrain, picturesque settings, and quaint small towns and villages, the Lower Hudson Valley is
centered around the Hudson River north of New York City and lies within New York State. Westchester and
Putnam counties are located on the eastern side of the river, and Rockland and Orange counties are located on
the western side of the river. Westchester and Rockland counties are connected by the heavily trafficked New
Tappan Zee Bridge, as well as by the Bear Mountain Bridge near their northern ends. Several branches of the
MTA Metro-North Railroad serve the region's rail commuters. Southern Westchester County contains more
densely populated areas and includes the cities of Yonkers, Mount Vernon, New Rochelle, and White Plains.
Although many of the suburban communities of Westchester are known for their affluence and expense (some
examples: Bronxville, Scarsdale, Chappaqua, Armonk, Katonah, and Briarcliff Manor), the Lower Hudson Valley
as a whole is one of the fastest-growing areas in the metropolitan area because of high housing costs in New York
and the inner suburbs.
Historically, the valley was home to many factories, including paper mills, but a significant number have closed.
After years of lingering pollution, cleanup efforts to improve the Hudson River water quality are currently
planned and will be supervised by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).[91]
Mid-Hudson Valley
The Mid-Hudson Valley region of the State of New York is midway between New York City and the state capital
of Albany. The area includes the counties of Dutchess, Ulster, and Sullivan, as well as the northern portions of
Orange County, with the region's main cities being Poughkeepsie, Newburgh, Kingston, and Beacon. The
Walkway over the Hudson, is the second longest pedestrian footbridge in the world. It crosses the Hudson River
connecting Poughkeepsie and Highland. The 13 mile-long Dutchess Rail Trail stretches from Hopewell Junction
to the beginning of the Walkway over the Hudson in Poughkeepsie. The area is home to the Wappingers Central
School District, which the second-largest school district in the state of New York. The Newburgh Waterfront in
the City of Newburgh is home to many high-end restaurants.
U.S. Route 9, I-84, and the Taconic State Parkway all run through Dutchess County. Metro-North Railroad train
station, New Hamburg, is located in the Town of Poughkeepsie and runs from Poughkeepsie to Grand Central
Terminal in New York City.
Northern New Jersey
Northern New Jersey, also known colloquially as North Jersey, is typically

defined as comprising the following counties:
Bergen County
Essex County
Somerset County (anything north of Bridgewater Township)
Hudson County
The Great Falls of the Passaic
Hunterdon County (anything north of Readington Township)
River in Paterson, Passaic County,
Morris County New Jersey, dedicated as a
Passaic County National Historical Park in
Sussex County November 2011, incorporates one
Union County of the largest waterfalls in the
eastern United States.[92]
Warren County
The New Jersey State Department of Tourism splits North Jersey into the urban Gateway Region and the more
rural Skylands Region. Northern New Jersey is home to four of the largest cities of that state: Newark, Jersey
City, Paterson, and Elizabeth.
The region is geographically diverse with wetlands, mountains, and valleys throughout the area. It has a large
network of expressways and public transportation rail services, mostly operated by New Jersey Transit.
Northern New Jersey also contains the second busiest airport in the New York metropolitan area, Newark
Liberty International Airport.
Although it is a suburban and rural region of New York, much of the

Gateway Region is highly urbanized. The entirety of Hudson County,
eastern Essex County, southern Passaic County as well as Elizabeth
in Union County are all densely populated areas.
Central New Jersey

Downtown Trenton in Mercer County,
Central Jersey is the middle portion of the state of New Jersey. including the New Jersey State House topped
Municipalities including Trenton (the state capital of New Jersey and by its golden dome, alongside the Delaware
the only U.S. state capital within the New York metropolitan area) River
and Princeton (home to Princeton University) are located in this
subregion, as is a significant portion of the Jersey Shore. Major
transportation links include the New Jersey Turnpike and the Northeast Corridor,
which bisect Central Jersey. Although Central Jersey does not have any officially
defined boundaries, it generally comprises of the following counties:
Middlesex County
Mercer County
Monmouth County
Ocean County (sometimes considered part of South Jersey)
Union County
Hunterdon County (anything south of Readington Township)
Somerset County (anything south of Bridgewater Township)
Downtown New Brunswick,

Middlesex County, New
Jersey, an educational and
cultural district undergoing
gentrification
Belmar, Monmouth County, on the Jersey Shore
Western Connecticut
Fairfield, New Haven, and Litchfield counties in western Connecticut (like the state in general) are known for
affluence. Large businesses are scattered throughout the area, mostly in Fairfield County. The land is flat along
the coast with low hills eventually giving way to larger hills such as The Berkshires further inland, to the
Massachusetts border. Most of the largest cities in the state are in New Haven County (home to Yale University)
and Fairfield County.
Candlewood Lake is the largest

recreational lake in the New York
metropolitan area. The lake is located
within the Greater Danbury region, and is
home to many second homes of New York
City residents.
The Mohonk Mountain House, Pike County, Pennsylvania

Ulster County, New York, in the Sugarloaf Hill in Putnam County,
Hudson Valley, was designated a Pike County is located in northeastern New York, in the Hudson Valley
National Historic Landmark in Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 Census, the
1986. [93]
population was 57,369.[94] Its county seat
is Milford.[95] Part of the Pocono
Mountains region lies within Pike County,
which has ranked among the fastest-growing counties of Pennsylvania.[96]
Communities
Main cities and towns
The following is a list of "principal cities" and their respective population A deer in a suburban street
estimates from the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau publication. Principal cities are (Highland Park, Middlesex County,
generally those where there is a greater number of jobs than employed NJ)
residents.[101][102][103][104]
New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island MSA

New York City: 8,175,133
Hempstead, New York: 759,757
Brookhaven, New York: 486,040
Islip, New York: 335,543
Oyster Bay, New York: 293,214
Newark, New Jersey: 277,140
Jersey City, New Jersey: 247,597 Mohawk Mountain Ski Area,
North Hempstead, New York: 226,322 Cornwall, Litchfield County,
Babylon, New York: 213,603 Connecticut, in the Berkshire
Mountains
Huntington, New York: 203,264
Yonkers, New York: 195,976
Paterson, New Jersey: 146,199
Elizabeth, New Jersey: 128,640
Ramapo, New York: 126,595
Smithtown, New York: 117,801
Edison, New Jersey: 99,967
Woodbridge Township, New Jersey: 99,265
New Rochelle, New York: 77,062
Mount Vernon, New York: 67,292
White Plains, New York: 56,853
Passaic, New Jersey: 72,500
Union, New Jersey: 56,642
Wayne, New Jersey: 54,717
Trenton–Princeton MSA
Trenton, New Jersey: 84,913
Princeton, New Jersey: 28,572
Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury MSA
Bridgeport, Connecticut: 144,229
Stamford, Connecticut: 122,643
Norwalk, Connecticut: 85,603
Danbury, Connecticut: 80,893
Stratford, Connecticut: 51,384
New Haven–Milford MSA
New Haven, Connecticut: 129,779
Waterbury, Connecticut: 109,272
Milford, Connecticut: 51,271
Dingmans Falls in the Delaware
Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown MSA Water Gap National Recreation
Area, Pike County, northeastern
Poughkeepsie, New York: 32,736
Pennsylvania
Newburgh, New York: 28,866
Middletown, New York: 28,086
Kingston MSA
Kingston, New York: 23,893
Torrington Micropolitan Area
Torrington, Connecticut: 36,383
Downtown Stamford in Fairfield

County, Connecticut
The New Haven Green Historic

District in Connecticut was
designated a National Historic
Landmark District in 1970.[97]
Aerial view of Newark, Essex

County, New Jersey's most
populous city
Public Library in Yonkers,

Westchester County, New York
Barnum Museum in Bridgeport,

Fairfield County, Connecticut's most
populous city
Paterson, Passaic County, New

Jersey, known as the "Silk City",[98]
seen here from Garret Mountain
Reservation, is a prime destination
for a diverse pool of international
immigrants.[99][100]
Urban areas within
At the core of the New York combined statistical area (CSA) lies the New York–Jersey City–Newark, NY–NJ
urban area, the largest in the United States by both area and population. Within the boundaries of the CSA the
Census Bureau defines 32 other urban areas as well, some forming the core of their own metropolitan areas not
within the New York metropolitan statistical area.[105] Urban areas situated primarily outside the New York
metropolitan statistical area but within the CSA are identified with a cross (†).
Urban areas within the New York

City combined statistical area as of
the 2020 census.
Urban areas
Counties in the New York MSA
Counties in the New York CSA
but not the MSA
Population Land Land Density Density

Urban area (2020 area area (population / sq (population /
census) (sq mi) (km2) mi) km2)
New York–Jersey City–Newark, NY–NJ 19,426,449 3,248.12 8,412.59 5,980.83 2,309.21
Bridgeport–Stamford, CT–NY † 916,408 397.29 1,028.98 2,306.63 890.60
New Haven, CT † 561,456 298.01 771.85 1,884.00 727.42

Trenton, NJ † 370,422 133.13 344.81 2,782.39 1,074.29
Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY † 314,766 209.92 543.69 1,499.45 578.94
Waterbury, CT † 199,317 92.44 239.41 2,156.22 832.52

Danbury, CT–NY † 171,680 118.49 306.88 1,448.92 559.43
Kiryas Joel, NY † 71,582 28.75 74.47 2,489.47 961.19
Middletown, NY † 61,516 25.96 67.24 2,369.55 914.89

Riverhead–Southold, NY 51,120 52.80 136.74 968.25 373.84
Kingston, NY † 50,254 31.10 80.54 1,615.96 623.93
East Stroudsburg–Stroudsburg, PA † 47,891 38.94 100.85 1,229.95 474.89

Torrington, CT † 35,212 21.76 56.36 1,618.24 624.81
Hamburg–Vernon–Highland Lakes, NJ 28,250 21.81 56.48 1,295.53 500.21
Ridgefield, CT † 25,683 28.80 74.59 891.77 344.32

Coolbaugh–Pocono Pines, PA † 24,893 19.74 51.13 1,260.93 486.85
Flemington–Raritan, NJ 24,401 18.39 47.64 1,326.60 512.20
Mystic Island–Little Egg Harbor, NJ 23,074 12.97 33.60 1,778.41 686.65

East Hampton North–Springs–
21,812 35.85 92.86 608.39 234.90
Northwest Harbor, NY
West Milford, NJ–NY 17,659 14.22 36.83 1,241.82 479.47
Port Jervis, NY–PA 16,187 7.59 19.65 2,133.62 823.80

Clinton, NJ 16,136 10.46 27.10 1,541.92 595.34
Walden, NY † 15,784 11.56 29.95 1,365.14 527.08
Lake Mohawk, NJ 13,164 8.23 21.32 1,598.92 617.35

Newton, NJ 12,813 7.90 20.47 1,621.50 626.06
New Paltz, NY † 9,969 4.89 12.66 2,039.69 787.53

Oak Ridge, NJ 8,871 5.41 14.01 1,640.23 633.30
Winsted, CT † 7,804 6.12 15.86 1,274.47 492.08
Ellenville, NY † 7,090 3.30 8.56 2,146.31 828.70

Warwick, NY † 7,084 2.92 7.56 2,427.84 937.40
Chester, NY † 5,900 4.57 11.84 1,290.39 498.22
Montauk, NY 3,845 5.93 15.35 648.76 250.49

Palmyra, PA 3,772 8.30 21.49 454.71 175.56
History
During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the

region was situated at the edge of a large
ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice
sheet scraped away large amounts of soil,
leaving the bedrock that serves as the
geologic foundation for much of the New
York metropolitan region today. Later on,
the ice sheet would help split apart what
Peter Minuit is credited with the are now Long Island and Staten Island. New Amsterdam, centered in the
purchase of the island of Manhattan eventual Lower Manhattan, in 1664,
in 1626. At the time of European contact the
the year England took control and
region was inhabited by Native
renamed it New York
Americans, predominantly the
Lenape,[109] and others. The Native
Americans used the abundant waterways
in the area for many purposes, such as
fishing and trade routes. Sailing for
France in 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano
was the first European to enter the local
waters and encounter the residents, but
he did not make landfall. Henry Hudson,
sailing for the Dutch in 1609, visited the
Little Italy, Lower East Side, area and built a settlement on Lower
Manhattan, circa 1900. Manhattan Island that was eventually
renamed New Amsterdam by Dutch
colonists in 1626.[110] In 1664, the area
went under English control,[110][111] and
was later renamed New York after King
Charles II of England granted the lands to
his brother, the Duke of York.[112][113]
The United Nations Headquarters,
As the fur trade expanded further north, established in Midtown Manhattan
New York became a trading hub, which in 1952
brought in a diverse set of ethnic groups
including Africans,
Liberty Enlightening the World,
known as the Statue of Liberty, on
Jews, and
Liberty Island in New York Harbor, Portuguese. The
is a globally recognized symbol of island of Manhattan
both the United States and ideals had an extraordinary
such as freedom, democracy, and natural harbor
opportunity.[106] formed by New York
Bay (actually the
drowned lower river
valley of the Hudson River, enclosed by glacial
moraines), the East River (actually a tidal strait), and The World Trade Center in Lower One World Trade
the Hudson River, all of which merge at the southern Manhattan during the September 11 Center, built in its
tip, from which all later development spread. During the attacks in 2001, which caused nearly place and opened
American Revolution, the strategic waterways made 3,000 deaths, mostly residents of the in 2014.
New York vitally important as a wartime base for the metropolitan region.
British navy. Many battles such as the Battle of Long
Island and the Battle of New York were fought in the
region to secure it. New York was captured by the British early in the war, becoming a haven for Loyalist
refugees from other parts of the country, and remained in the hands of the British until the war ended in 1783.
New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790,[114] after which the capital moved to
Philadelphia. New York has been the country's largest city since 1790.[115] In
1792, the Buttonwood Agreement, made by a group of merchants, created
what is now the New York Stock Exchange in Lower Manhattan. Today, many
people in the metropolitan area work in this important stock exchange.
The Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor greeted millions of immigrants as

they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries[116]
and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its
The Unisphere in Flushing democracy.[117] Large-scale immigration into New York was a result of a large
Meadows – Corona Park, iconic of demand for manpower. A cosmopolitan attitude in the city created tolerance
Queens, the most ethnically diverse for various cultures and ethnic groups. German, Irish, and Italian immigrants
U.S. county and a borough of New were among the largest ethnic groups. Today, many of their descendants
York. [107][108] continue to live in the region. Cultural buildings such as the Metropolitan
Museum of Art, the Metropolitan Opera, and the American Museum of
Natural History were built. New York newspapers were read around the
country as media moguls James Gordon Bennett, Sr., Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst battled for
readership. In 1884, over 70% of exports passed through ports in New York or in one of the surrounding towns.
The five boroughs of New York — The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island — were
consolidated into a single city in 1898.[118][119]
The newly unified New York City encouraged both more physical connections
between the boroughs and the growth of bedroom communities. The New York City
Subway began operating in 1904 as the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, one
of three systems (the other two being the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation
and the Independent Subway System) that were later taken over by the city. Railroad
stations such as Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station helped fuel
suburban growth. During the era of the Prohibition, when alcohol was banned
nationwide, organized crime grew to supply the high demand for bootleg alcohol.
The Broadway Theater District developed with the showing of the musical, Show
Boat.
The Great Depression suspended the region's fortunes as a period of widespread

unemployment and poverty began. City planner Robert Moses began his
automobile-centered career of building bridges, parkways, and later expressways
The main concourse of
across the tri-state area. During World War II, the city economy was hurt by
Grand Central Terminal,
blockades of German U-boats, which limited shipping with Europe.
which opened in 1913.
After its population peaked in 1950, a significant portion of the city's population left
for the suburbs of New York over the following decades. The effects were a result of
white flight. Industry and commerce also declined in this era, with businesses relocating to the suburbs or other
regions. The era also saw an increase in the construction of housing projects for the city's low-income population
under the New York City Housing Authority, coinciding with the destruction of communities to construct
interstate highways to link the city with its suburbs. The city, particularly Brooklyn, was dealt a psychological as
well as an economic blow with the loss of the iconic Brooklyn Dodgers major-league baseball team, which moved
to Los Angeles after the 1957 season. Crime affected the city severely. Urban renewal projects alleviated the
decay in Midtown Manhattan to a certain extent, but later failed. There was little reported social disruption
during the Northeast Blackout of 1965, but the New York City Blackout of 1977 caused massive rioting in some
parts of the city. In addition, the 1970s recession crippled traditional industries such as manufacturing in the
New York City region. A rare highlight was the completion of the former World Trade Center, which once stood
as the tallest buildings in the world.
In the 1980s, the city's economy was booming, particularly in the financial sector. Wall Street was fueling an
economic surge in the real estate market, and later the dot-com bubble. Despite this, crime was still an issue.
This was exacerbated by the crack epidemic, with the New York City area being one of the major ports of entry
for narcotics entering the United States. Neighborhoods such as the South Bronx became prime examples of late
20th century urban decay. Beginning in the 1990s, however, crime dropped substantially due to tough on crime
policies. Crime in New York City has continued to decline through the 21st century.
The September 11th attacks in 2001 were pivotal in the region and nation's
history. The attacks killed nearly 3,000 people as two planes crashed into the
former World Trade Center and caused the towers to collapse. Businesses led
an exodus from Lower Manhattan because of this but were replaced by an
increased number of high-rise residences. In 2003, another blackout
occurred, the 2003 North America blackout, but the city suffered no looting
and a building boom in New York continues to this day. One World Trade
Center, also known as Freedom Tower, was completed in 2014 to replace the
fallen Twin Towers. A flooded Avenue C in Manhattan
just moments before the explosion
On October 29 and 30, 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused extensive destruction at an electrical substation caused
in the metropolitan area, ravaging portions of the Atlantic coastline with by Hurricane Sandy on October 29,
record-high storm surge, severe flooding, and high winds, causing power 2012.[120]
outages for millions of residents via downed trees and power lines and
malfunctions at electrical substations, leading to gasoline shortages and
snarling mass transit systems. Damage to New York and New Jersey in terms of physical infrastructure and
private property as well as including interrupted commerce was estimated at several tens of billions of
dollars.[121] The storm and its profound impacts have prompted the discussion of constructing seawalls and
other coastal barriers around the shorelines of the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive
consequences from another such event in the future.[122][123]
Statistical history
The U.S. Census Bureau first designated metropolitan areas in 1950 as standard metropolitan areas (SMAs). The
"New York–Northeastern NJ SMA" was defined to include 17 counties: 9 in New York (the five boroughs of New
York City, Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, and Rockland) and 8 in New Jersey (Bergen, Hudson, Passaic, Essex,
Union, Morris, Somerset, and Middlesex). In 1960, the metropolitan area standards were modified and renamed
standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs). The new standards resulted in the splitting of the former SMA
into several pieces: the nine New York counties became the "New York SMSA"; three of the New Jersey counties
(Essex, Union, and Morris) became the "Newark SMSA"; two other New Jersey counties (Bergen and Passaic)
became the "Paterson–Passaic–Clifton SMSA"; Hudson County was designated the "Jersey City SMSA"; and
Middlesex and Somerset counties lost their metropolitan status. In 1973, a new set of metropolitan area
standards resulted in further changes: Nassau and Suffolk counties were split off as their own SMSA ("Nassau–
Suffolk SMSA"); Bergen County (originally part of the Paterson–Clifton–Passaic SMSA) was transferred to the
New York SMSA; the New York SMSA also received Putnam County (previously non-metropolitan); Somerset
County was added to the Newark SMSA; and two new SMSAs, the "New Brunswick–Perth Amboy–Sayreville
SMSA" (Middlesex County) and "Long Branch–Asbury Park SMSA" (Monmouth County), were established. In
1983, the concept of a consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA) was first implemented. A CMSA
consisted of several primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs), which were individual employment centers
within a wider labor market area. The "New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island CMSA" consisted of 12
PMSAs.
Seven PMSAs were based on the original 1950 New York SMA that were split up: New York, Bergen–Passaic,
Jersey City, Middlesex–Somerset–Hunterdon (Hunterdon added for the first time), Monmouth–Ocean (Ocean
added for the first time), Nassau–Suffolk, and Newark (Sussex added for the first time). One additional PMSA
was the Orange County PMSA (previously the Newburgh–Middletown SMSA). The other four PMSAs were
former SMSAs in Connecticut: Bridgeport, Stamford, Norwalk, and Danbury. In 1993, four PMSAs were added
to the New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island CMSA: Trenton PMSA (Mercer County), Dutchess County
PMSA, Waterbury PMSA, and New Haven PMSA. Several new counties were also added to the CMSA: Sussex,
Warren, and Pike. The CMSA model was originally utilized for tabulating data from the 2000 census. In 2003, a
new set of standards was established using the Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA) model was adopted and
remains in use as of 2010. The CBSA model resulted in the splitting up of the old CMSA into several
metropolitan statistical areas: New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island, Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–
Middletown, Trenton–Princeton, Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk (includes Danbury), and New Haven–Milford
(includes Waterbury). In 2013, the Census Bureau added Carbon, Lehigh, Northampton, and Monroe counties in
Pennsylvania, and Warren County, New Jersey (encompassing collectively the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton,
PA-NJ MSA and the East Stroudsburg, PA MSA), to the Combined Statistical Area,[124] and assimilated
Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown into the larger New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island–NY–NJ–
PA MSA. In 2018, the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA was removed from the Combined Statistical
Area.[125]
Proposals for the region
The metropolitan region has never had separate political representation from the rest of their original states.
This has to do with disagreements in the desired model and the constitutional complexity of the metropolitan
region being cross-state. Within the State of New York over the last 30 years,[126] discussions have emerged of
splitting the states into different regions with separate governors and legislators whilst remaining part of the
same state — as opposed to seeing New York and its metropolitan area being split into a separate state.[127][128]
The idea has been seen by Republicans in the state as an opportunity to dislocate the Democratic party's hold in
the state legislature.[129][130]
The discussion surrounding the re-organisation of New York State has commonly been in two models: The two-
region model creates a "downstate" New York region which would consist of all five New York City boroughs,
Long Island's Nassau and Suffolk counties, and Westchester and Rockland counties, then Upstate would be the
remaining 53;[129][127] and the three-region model is New York having five counties; Montauk would consist of
Nassau, Suffolk, Rockland, and Westchester counties and; New Amsterdam would be the remaining portion of
New York State.[129][128][131] This debate was reported as recent as February 2019, when Republican state
Senator Daphne Jordan supported the state being split into two states;[129][127] however, it was believed that the
proposal would require an act of congress for it to be passed.[132]
Demographics
Historical populations – modern New York MSA
Census Pop. %±
1830 552,237 —
1840 740,120 34.0%
1850 1,142,304 54.3%
1860 1,801,668 57.7%
1870 2,319,319 28.7%
1880 2,951,270 27.2%
1890 3,845,151 30.3%
1900 5,231,748 36.1%
1910 7,248,147 38.5%
1920 8,693,184 19.9%
1930 11,123,506 28.0%
1940 11,950,188 7.4%
1950 13,299,834 11.3%
1960 15,346,313 15.4%
1970 17,065,328 11.2%
1980 16,363,636 −4.1%
1990 16,846,046 2.9%
2000 18,323,006 8.8%
2010 18,897,109 3.1%
2020 20,140,470 6.6%
2022 (est.) 19,617,869 −2.6%

U.S. Decennial Census (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html)
1900–1990[133]
2020 Census
2020 2010
County Change Area Density
Census Census
Bronx 42.2 sq mi 34,897/sq mi

County, New 1,472,654 1,385,108 +6.32%
York (109 km2) (13,474/km2)
Kings
69.4 sq mi 39,425/sq mi
County, New 2,736,074 2,504,700 +9.24%
York (180 km2) (15,222/km2) India Square, Jersey City, New
Jersey, known as Little Bombay,[134]
Nassau 284.5 sq mi 4,906/sq mi home to the highest concentration
County, New 1,395,774 1,339,532 +4.20%
York (737 km2) (1,894/km2) of Asian Indians in the Western
Hemisphere.[135]
New York 22.7 sq mi 74,637/sq mi
County, New 1,694,251 1,585,873 +6.83%
York (59 km2) (28,817/km2)
Putnam
230.2 sq mi 424/sq mi
County, New 97,668 99,710 −2.05%
York (596 km2) (164/km2)
Queens 108.7 sq mi 22,129/sq mi

County, New 2,405,464 2,230,722 +7.83%
York (282 km2) (8,544/km2)
Richmond 57.5 sq mi 8,622/sq mi

County, New 495,747 468,730 +5.76%
York (149 km2) (3,329/km2)
Bergen County (버겐 카운티), New
Rockland Jersey, is home to all of the nation's
173.4 sq mi 1,951/sq mi
County, New 338,329 311,687 +8.55%
York (449 km2) (753/km2) top ten municipalities by percentage
of Korean population, led by
Suffolk 911.2 sq mi 1,675/sq mi Palisades Park (벼랑 공원) (above),
County, New 1,525,920 1,493,350 +2.18%
York (2,360 km2) (647/km2) a borough where Koreans comprise
the majority (52%) of the
Westchester 430.7 sq mi 2,332/sq mi population.[136][137]
County, New 1,004,457 949,113 +5.83%
York (1,116 km2) (900/km2)
Bergen
233.8 sq mi 4,088/sq mi
County, New 955,732 905,116 +5.59%
Jersey (606 km2) (1,578/km2)
Essex 126.1 sq mi 6,850/sq mi

County, New 863,728 783,969 +10.17%
Jersey (327 km2) (2,645/km2)
The Spanish Harlem Orchestra.
Hudson 46.2 sq mi 15,689/sq mi
County, New 724,854 634,266 +14.28% New York City is home to nearly 3
Jersey (120 km2) (6,058/km2)
million Latino Americans, the largest
Hispanic population of any city
Hunterdon
427.8 sq mi 301/sq mi proper outside Latin America and
County, New 128,947 128,349 +0.47%
Jersey (1,108 km2) (116/km2) Spain.
Middlesex 309.2 sq mi 2,792/sq mi
County, New 863,162 809,858 +6.58%
Jersey (801 km2) (1,078/km2)
Monmouth 468.2 sq mi 1,375/sq mi

County, New 643,615 630,380 +2.10%
Jersey (1,213 km2) (531/km2)
2020 2010
County Change Area Density
Census Census
Morris 461.0 sq mi 1,105/sq mi

County, New 509,285 492,276 +3.46%
Jersey (1,194 km2) (427/km2)
Ocean 628.3 sq mi 1,014/sq mi

County, New 637,229 576,567 +10.52%
Jersey (1,627 km2) (392/km2)
Chinatown, Manhattan (紐約華埠).
Passaic
186.0 sq mi 2,818/sq mi The New York metropolitan area is
County, New 524,118 501,226 +4.57%
Jersey (482 km2) (1,088/km2) home to the largest population of
overseas Chinese outside of Asia,
Somerset 301.9 sq mi 1,144/sq mi over three-quarters of a million in
County, New 345,361 323,444 +6.78%
Jersey (782 km2) (442/km2) 2013.[138][139]
Sussex 518.7 sq mi 278/sq mi

County, New 144,221 149,265 −3.38%
Jersey (1,343 km2) (107/km2)
Union
102.8 sq mi 5,597/sq mi
County, New 575,345 536,499 +7.24%
Jersey (266 km2) (2,161/km2)
Pike County, 544.9 sq mi 107/sq mi

58,535 57,369 +2.03%
Pennsylvania (1,411 km2) (41/km2)
8,294.21 sq mi 2,428/sq mi
Total 20,140,470 18,897,109 +6.58%
(21,481.9 km2) (938/km2)
2010 Census
Racial composition [hide] 2010

White 73.4%
—Non-Hispanic White 51.7%

—Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 21.7%
Black or African-American 15.3%

Asian 9%
Native American or Alaskan Native 0.2%

Other 0.5%
Two or more races 1.6%
As of the 2010 Census, the metropolitan area had a population of 22,085,649. The population density was 1,865
per square mile. The racial markup was 51.7% White (non-Latino), 21.7% Latino, 15.3% African-American, 9.0%
Asian-American, 0.16% Native American and Alaskan Native, 0.03% Pacific Islands American, 0.5% Other, and
1.6% Multiracial.[140]
The median age was 37.9. 25.5% were under 18, 9.5% were 18 to 24 years, 28% were 25 to 44 years of age, 26.6%
were 45 to 64 years old, and 13.2% were over the age of 65. Males composed 48.3% of the population while
females were 51.7% of the population.
97.7% of the population were in households, 2.3% were in group quarters, and 1% were institutionalized. There
were 8,103,731 households, of which 30.2% or 2,449,343 had children. 46.1% or 3,736,165 were composed of
opposite sex and married couples. Male households with no wife composed 4.9% or 400,534. 15.0% or 1,212,436
were female households with no husbands. 34% or 2,754,596 were non-family households. The household
density was 684 per square mile. 91.9% of housing units were occupied with a 3.8% vacancy rate. The average
household size was 2.65 per household. The average income for non-family households was $90,335, and the
average income for families was $104,715. 13.3% or 2,888,493 of the population were below the poverty line.
26.7% or 5,911,993 of the population were born outside the United States. Out of this, most (50.6% or 2,992,639)
were born in Latin America, 27.0% or 1,595,523 were born in Asia, 17.4% or 1,028,506 were born in Europe,
3.8% or 224,109 were born in Africa, and 0.2% or 11,957 were born in Oceania.
Population estimates
As of 2020, the United States Census Bureau estimated the population of the New York combined statistical area
at 23,582,649, the most populous in the United States and one of the world's most populous urban
agglomerations. The increase in the population of the combined statistical area was distributed across the
portions of the states of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania which together constitute the
greater New York City metropolitan area.
The New York metropolitan region is ethnically diverse. Asian Americans in

New York City, according to the 2010 Census, number more than one million,
greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles.[142] New
York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.[143]
The New York borough of Queens is home to the state's largest Asian
American population and the largest Andean (Colombian, Ecuadorian,
Peruvian, Chilean and Bolivian) populations in the United States, and is also
the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.[144][145] The Han Chinese
population constitutes the fastest-growing ethnicity in New York State;
multiple satellites of the original Manhattan Chinatown ( 紐約華埠 ), in
Brooklyn (布鲁克林華埠), and around Flushing, Queens (法拉盛華埠), are
thriving as traditionally urban enclaves, while also expanding rapidly
eastward into suburban Nassau County.[146] on Long Island,[147] as the New
York metropolitan region and New York State have become the top
destinations for new Chinese immigrants, respectively, and large-scale
Chinese immigration continues into New York City and surrounding
areas.[148][149][150][151][152][153] In 2012, 6.3% of New York was of Chinese
ethnicity, with nearly three-fourths living in either Queens or Brooklyn,
The Rockefeller Center Christmas
geographically on Long Island.[154] In particular, the New York area has over Tree, considered the “worldwide
100,000 Fuzhounese people.[155] A community numbering 20,000 Korean- symbol of Christmas”, is an annual
Chinese (Chaoxianzu (Chinese: 朝鲜族 ) or Joseonjok (Korean: 조선족)) is staple of the New York metropolitan
centered in Flushing, Queens, while New York is also home to the largest area during the Holiday season[141]
Tibetan population outside China, India, and Nepal, also centered in
Queens.[156] Koreans made up 1.2% of the city's population, and Japanese
0.3%. Filipinos were the largest Southeast Asian ethnic group at 0.8%, followed by Vietnamese, who made up
0.2% of New York's population in 2010. Indians are the largest South Asian group, comprising 2.4% of the city's
population, with Bangladeshis and Pakistanis at 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively.[157] Queens is the preferred
borough of settlement for Asian Indians, Koreans, and Filipinos,[158] as well as Malaysians[19] and other
Southeast Asians;[159] while Brooklyn is receiving large numbers of both West Indian as well as Asian Indian
immigrants.
New York has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in
2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los
Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined.[160] The European diaspora
residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian
Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish
Americans, and 137,000 English Americans. Additionally, Greek and French Americans numbered 65,000 each,
with those of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans numbered
55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010.[161]
People of Norwegian and Swedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of Czech, Lithuanian,
Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all numbered between 12,000 and 14,000 people.[162] Arab
Americans number over 160,000 in New York City,[163] with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central
Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population,
enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States,[164] most
settling in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx.[165]
The wider New York metropolitan area is also ethnically diverse.[168] The
New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway
for legal immigrants admitted into the United States, substantially
exceeding the combined totals of Los Angeles and Miami, the next most
popular gateway regions.[169][170][171][172] It is home to the largest Jewish
as well as Israeli communities outside Israel, with the Jewish population
in the region numbering over 1.5 million in 2012 and including many
diverse Jewish sects from around the Middle East and Eastern
Europe.[156] The metropolitan area is also home to 20% of the nation's
The New York metropolitan area is home Indian Americans and at least 20 Little India enclaves, as well as 15% of
to the largest gay and bisexual all Korean Americans and four Koreatowns;[173][174] the largest Asian
community in the United States and one Indian population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian
of the world's largest. [166][167]
American,[148] Italian American, and African American populations; the
largest Dominican American, Puerto Rican American, and South
American[148] and second-largest overall Hispanic population in the
United States, numbering 4.8 million; [161] and includes at least 6 established Chinatowns within New York City
alone, [175] with the urban agglomeration comprising a population of 819,527 uniracial overseas Chinese as of
2014 Census estimates,[176] the largest outside of Asia.[138][139]
Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal
immigrants to the New York region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago
in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central
America.[177] Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to
approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013.
New York City has been described as the gay capital of the world, and is home to one of the world's largest
LGBTQ populations and the most prominent.[178] The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying
gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the
world's largest.[166][167] Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011, and were authorized
to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.[179] The annual New York City Pride March (or gay pride parade)
traverses southward down Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, ending at Greenwich Village, and is the largest pride
parade in the world, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of sidewalk spectators each
June.[180]
Religion
The landmark Brooklyn's rapidly growing The Islamic Cultural Sri Maha Vallabha Ganapati
Neo-Gothic Orthodox Jewish (‫)יהודי‬ Center of New York Devasthanam (Telugu: శ్రీ
Roman Catholic community is the largest in the (Arabic: ‫ المركز الثقافي‬మహావల్లభ గణపతి దేవస్థా నం)
St. Patrick's United States, with ‫ )الإسلامي في نيويورك‬or (Tamil: ஸ்ரீ மகா வல் லப
Cathedral, approximately 600,000 in Upper Manhattan. கணபதி தேவஸ் தானம் ), in
Midtown individuals,[181] out of the largest With an estimated Flushing, Queens, the oldest
Manhattan. metropolitan Jewish population 1.5 million observers, Hindu temple in the United
in the Western Hemisphere, at the New York States.
nearly 2.5 million. metropolitan area is
home to the largest
metropolitan Muslim
population in the
Western
Hemisphere.
The Chuang Yen Monastery (莊 Atheism, promoted on an

嚴寺), in Kent, Putnam County, electronic billboard in Times
houses the largest indoor statue Square, is observed by a
of Buddha in the Western significant proportion of New
Hemisphere.[182] Yorkers.
The 2014 Pew Religious Landscape Survey showed that the religious makeup of the New York metro area was as
follows:
Religious affiliation in the New York City metro area (2014)[183]
Affiliation % of New York population
Christian 59
Catholic 33
Protestant 23
Evangelical Protestant 9
Mainline Protestant 8
Black church 6
Other Christian 3
Unaffiliated 24
Nothing in particular 15
Agnostic 4
Atheist 4
Jewish 8
Muslim 4
Hindu 2
Buddhist 1
Other faiths 1
Don't know/refused answer 1
Total 100
Economy
The New York City regional economy is the largest in the world, with a GDP
of US$2.1trillion in 2022, which would rank eighth among sovereign
countries. Many Fortune 500 corporations are headquartered in New
York,[184] as are a large number of foreign corporations. One out of ten
private sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company.[185] In 2012 and
2015, New York topped the first and second Global Economic Power Index
lists, respectively, as published by The Atlantic, with cities ranked according
to criteria reflecting their presence on five different lists as published by five
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on
separate entities.[35][186] Finance, international trade, new and traditional
the North Shore of Long Island is an
media, real estate, education, fashion and entertainment, tourism,
internationally renowned biomedical
biotechnology, and manufacturing are the leading industries in the area. research facility and home to eight
Along with its wealth, the area has a cost of living that is the highest in the scientists awarded the Nobel Prize
United States. in Physiology or Medicine.
Wall Street
New York's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S. financial industry,
metonymously known as Wall Street. Anchored by Wall Street, in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan,
New York has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the
world,[35][189][190][191][192] and the city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market
capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ.[187][188] The city's securities industry, enumerating
163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an
important economic engine, accounting in 2012 for 5 percent of the city's

private sector jobs, 8.5 percent (US$3.8 billion) of its tax revenue, and 22
percent of the city's total wages, including an average salary of
US$360,700.[193]
Manhattan had approximately 520 million square feet (48.1 million m2) of
office space in 2013,[194] making it the largest office market in the United
States,[195] while Midtown Manhattan is the largest central business district
in the nation.[196]
The NY Stock Exchange on Wall St.
Lower Manhattan is the third largest central business district in the United
is the world's largest by total market
capitalization of listed States and is home to both the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street, and
companies. [187][188] the NASDAQ, at 165 Broadway, representing the world's largest and second
largest stock exchanges, respectively, when measured both by overall average
daily trading volume and by total market capitalization of their listed
companies in 2013.[188] Wall Street investment banking fees in 2012 totaled approximately US$40 billion,[197]
while in 2013, senior New York bank officers who manage risk and compliance functions earned as much as
US$324,000 annually.[198]
In July 2013, NYSE Euronext, the operator of the New York Stock Exchange, took over the administration of the
London interbank offered rate from the British Bankers Association.[199]
Many Wall Street firms have added or moved auxiliary financial or technical operations into Jersey City, to take
advantage of New Jersey's relatively lower commercial real estate and rental prices, while offering continued
geographic proximity to Manhattan's financial industry ecosystem.[200]
Tech and biotech
Silicon Alley, centered in New York, has evolved into a metonym for the
sphere encompassing the metropolitan region's high technology
industries[202] involving the internet, new media, financial technology
(fintech) and cryptocurrency, telecommunications, digital media, software
development, biotechnology, game design, and other fields within
information technology that are supported by its entrepreneurship ecosystem Manhattan's Flatiron District was
and venture capital investments. High technology startup companies and the cradle of Silicon Alley, now
employment are growing in New York and across the metropolitan region, metonymous for the New York
bolstered by the city's emergence as a global node of creativity and metropolitan region's high tech
entrepreneurship, social tolerance,[203] and environmental sector, which has since expanded
sustainability,[204][205] as well as New York's position as the leading Internet beyond the area.[201]
hub and telecommunications center in North America, including its vicinity
to several transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines,[206] the city's intellectual
capital, and its extensive outdoor wireless connectivity.[207] Verizon Communications, headquartered at 140
West Street in Lower Manhattan, was at the final stages in 2014 of completing a US$3 billion fiberoptic
telecommunications upgrade throughout New York City.[208]
The biotechnology sector is also growing in the New York metropolitan region, based upon its strength in
academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then-New
York mayor Michael Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of
Technology to build Cornell Tech, a US$2 billion graduate school of applied sciences on Roosevelt Island,
Manhattan with the goal of transforming New York into the world's premier technology capital.[209][210] By mid-
2014, Accelerator, a biotech investment firm, had raised more than US$30 million from investors, including Eli
Lilly and Company, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson, for initial funding to create biotechnology startups at the
Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than 700,000 square feet (65,000 m2) on East
29th Street and promotes collaboration among scientists and entrepreneurs at the center and with nearby
academic, medical, and research institutions. The New York City Economic Development Corporation's Early
Stage Life Sciences Funding Initiative and venture capital partners, including Celgene, General Electric
Ventures, and Eli Lilly, committed a minimum of US$100 million to help launch 15 to 20 ventures in life
sciences and biotechnology.[211] Westchester County has also developed a burgeoning biotechnology sector in
the 21st century, with over US$1 billion in planned private investment as of 2016,[212] earning the county the
nickname Biochester.[213]
Port of New York and New Jersey
The Port of New York and New Jersey is the port district of the New York
metropolitan area, encompassing the region within approximately a 25-mile
(40 km) radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument. A major
economic engine for the New York metropolitan area, the port includes the
system of navigable waterways in the estuary along 650 miles (1,050 km) of
shoreline in the vicinity of New York and the Gateway Region of northeastern
New Jersey, as well as the region's airports and supporting rail and roadway
distribution networks. The Port of New York and New Jersey handled a
Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine
maritime cargo volume in the ten months through October 2022 of over Terminal on Newark Bay is the
8.2 million TEUs, benefitting post-Panamax from the expansion of the busiest container terminal on the
Panama Canal, and accelerating ahead of California seaports in monthly East Coast of the United States.
cargo volumes.[214][215]
Water purity and availability
Water purity and availability are a lifeline for the New York metropolitan region. New York City is supplied with
drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed.[216] As a result of the watershed's integrity and
undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the
majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants.[217] The
Croton Watershed north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to
augment New York's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20%
addition to the city's current availability of water.[218] The ongoing expansion of New York City Water Tunnel
No. 3, an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the
city's history,[219] with segments serving Manhattan and The Bronx completed, and with segments serving
Brooklyn and Queens planned for construction in 2020.[220] Much of the fresh water for northern and central
New Jersey is provided by reservoirs, but numerous municipal water wells exist which accomplish the same
purpose.
Education
The New York metropolitan area is home to many prestigious institutions of
higher education. Three Ivy League universities: Columbia University in
Manhattan, New York City; Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey; Yale
University in New Haven, Connecticut – all ranked amongst the top 3 U.S.
national universities as per U.S. News & World Report as of 2018[221] – reside
in the region,[222] as well as New York University and The Rockefeller
University, both located in Manhattan; all of the above have been ranked
amongst the top 35 universities in the world.[223] Rutgers University, a global
university located 27 mi (43 km) southwest of Manhattan in New Brunswick, Low Library, the Neoclassical
centerpiece of the Columbia
New Jersey, is by far the largest university in the region.[224] New York Institute
University campus
of Technology is located on two campuses, one in Old Westbury, Long Island
and one near Columbus Circle in Manhattan. Hofstra University is Long Island's
largest private university.[225] Fordham University, also a Tier-1 university,[226]
is the oldest Catholic institution of higher education in the northeastern United States,[227] and the third-oldest
university in New York.[228]

The New York City Department of Education is the
largest school district in the United States serving over 1.2 million students.[229]
The overall region also hosts many public high schools, some of which have
been described as among the most prestigious in the country.[230]
Attainment
According to the 2010 American Community Survey, of the 14,973,063 persons

in this area over 25 years of age, 14.8% (2,216,578) had a graduate or
professional degree, 21.1% (3,166,037) had a bachelor's degree, 6.4% (962,007)
had an associate degree, 16.0% (2,393,990) had some college education but no
degree, 26.8% (4,009,901) had a high school diploma or equivalent, 14.8%
(2,224,557) had less than a high school education.[231] In 2010, CNN Money
The bronze clock on Harkness
ranked the area as one of the top 10 smartest regions in the United States.[232]
Tower at Yale University, a
structure reflecting the
Collegiate Gothic architectural
genre
Watercolor of Cleveland Tower,

Princeton University, seen in the
noon autumn sun
Transportation
The New York City Subway is the

world's largest rapid transit system
by length of routes and by number
of stations.
The Port Authority Trans-Hudson

(PATH) rapid transit rail system
connects Manhattan and
metropolitan northern New Jersey
beneath the Hudson River.
An Acela Express train going to

New York. The Acela Express,
operated by Amtrak through the
Northeast Corridor, is the sole high-
speed rail service in the country.
The depth and intricacy of the transportation network in the New York region parallel the size and complexity of
the metropolis itself.
In 2013, the New York-Newark-Jersey City metropolitan statistical area (New York MSA) had the lowest
percentage of workers who commuted by private automobile (56.9 percent), with 18.9 percent of area workers
traveling via rail transit. During the period starting in 2006 and ending in 2013, the New York MSA had a 2.2
percent decline of workers commuting by automobile.[233]
Rail
About one in every three users of mass transit in the United States and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live
in the New York metropolitan area.[234][235]
New York City Subway
The New York City Subway is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in
operation, with 472, and by length of routes. In 2006 it was the third largest when measured by annual ridership
(1.5 billion passenger trips in 2006),[236] However, in 2013, the subway delivered over 1.71 billion rides,[237] but
slipped to being the seventh busiest rapid transit rail system in the world.[238] New York's subway is also notable
because nearly the entire system remains open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to
systems in most cities, including Hong Kong,[239][240] London, Seoul,[241][242] Tokyo, and Toronto.
PATH
PATH is a rapid transit system connecting the cities of Newark, Harrison, Hoboken, and Jersey City, in
metropolitan northern New Jersey, with the lower and midtown sections of Manhattan in New York City. The
PATH is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. PATH trains run 24 hours a day and 7 days
a week.[243] The system has a total route length of 13.8 mi (22.2 km), not double-counting route overlaps.[244]
Commuter rail
The metropolitan area is also fundamentally defined by the areas from which people commute into New York.
The city is served by three primary commuter rail systems, and is provided intercity rail transit with Amtrak.
The Long Island Rail Road (LIRR), the busiest commuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,[245] is
operated by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), an agency of the State Government of New York
that focuses on New York City-area transit). It has two major terminals at Pennsylvania Station in Midtown
Manhattan and Atlantic Terminal in Downtown Brooklyn, with a minor terminal at the Long Island City station
and a major transfer point at the Jamaica station in Queens.
New Jersey Transit (NJT), the second busiest commuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,[245] is operated
by the New Jersey Transit Corporation, an agency of the state of New Jersey, in conjunction with Metro-North
Railroad and Amtrak. It has major terminals at Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan, Hoboken Terminal, and
Newark Pennsylvania Station, with a major transfer point at Secaucus Junction in Hudson County, New Jersey.
New Jersey Transit also operates the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail through Hudson County, the Newark City
Subway, and the River Line that runs along tracks shared with Conrail Shared Assets Operations from Trenton
to Camden in South Jersey. NJ Transit also has commuter buses operating in and out of Manhattan.
Metro-North Railroad (MNRR), the third busiest commuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,[245] is also
operated by the MTA, in conjunction with the Connecticut Department of Transportation and New Jersey
Transit. Its major terminal is Grand Central Terminal. Trains on the Port Jervis Line and Pascack Valley Line
terminate at Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken, New Jersey; commuters may transfer at either Secaucus Junction
for New Jersey Transit trains to New York Pennsylvania Station or at Hoboken Terminal for PATH trains into
Manhattan.
Amtrak's Northeast Corridor offers service to Philadelphia, New Haven, and other points between and including
Boston and Washington, D.C.
Major stations in the metropolitan area include:
Station Railroad(s) State County Type
New York Pennsylvania Station Amtrak, LIRR, NJT NY New York Terminal and Transfer
Grand Central Terminal MNRR NY New York Terminal

Newark Pennsylvania Station Amtrak, NJT, PATH NJ Essex Transfer
Hoboken Terminal NJT, MNRR, PATH NJ Hudson Terminal
Atlantic Terminal LIRR NY Kings Terminal

Stamford Station Amtrak, MNRR, Shore Line East CT Fairfield Terminal and Transfer
Hunterspoint Avenue LIRR NY Queens Terminal
Woodside Station LIRR NY Queens Transfer
Station Railroad(s) State County Type
Jamaica Station LIRR NY Queens Transfer
Secaucus Junction NJT, MNRR NJ Hudson Transfer

New Haven Union Station Amtrak, MNRR, Shore Line East, CT Rail CT New Haven Terminal and Transfer
Trenton Station Amtrak, NJT, SEPTA NJ Mercer Terminal and Transfer
The following table shows all train lines operated by these commuter railroads in the New York metropolitan
area. New Jersey Transit operates an additional train line in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. (Shown
counterclockwise from the Atlantic Ocean):
Line or Branch Railroad Counties
Far Rockaway LIRR Kings, Queens, Nassau

Long Beach LIRR Nassau
Montauk LIRR Suffolk
Babylon LIRR Nassau, Suffolk

West Hempstead LIRR Kings (weekdays), Queens, Nassau
Hempstead LIRR Kings, Queens, Nassau
Ronkonkoma (Main Line) LIRR Nassau, Suffolk

Port Jefferson LIRR Nassau, Suffolk
Oyster Bay LIRR Nassau
Port Washington LIRR Queens, Nassau

New Haven MNRR, Amtrak New York, Bronx, Westchester, Fairfield, New Haven
Danbury MNRR New York, Fairfield
New Canaan MNRR New York, Fairfield

Waterbury MNRR Fairfield, New Haven
Harlem MNRR New York, Bronx, Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess
Hudson MNRR, Amtrak Bronx, Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess

Pascack Valley MNRR, NJT Hudson, Bergen, Rockland
Port Jervis / Main Line / Bergen County MNRR, NJT Hudson, Bergen, Passaic, Rockland, Orange
Montclair–Boonton NJT New York, Hudson, Essex, Passaic, Morris, Warren

Morris & Essex (Morristown Line and Gladstone New York, Hudson, Essex, Union, Morris, Somerset,
NJT
Branch) Warren
Raritan Valley NJT Hudson, Essex, Union, Middlesex, Somerset, Hunterdon
Northeast Corridor and Princeton Branch NJT, Amtrak New York, Hudson, Essex, Union, Middlesex, Mercer
New York, Hudson, Essex, Union, Middlesex, Monmouth,
North Jersey Coast NJT
Ocean
CT Rail,
Shore Line East Fairfield, New Haven
Amtrak
CT Rail,
Hartford New Haven
Amtrak
Major highways
The following highways serve the region:
Interstates
I-78
I-80
I-84
I-87
I-91 The George Washington Bridge,
connecting Washington Heights in
I-95 Upper Manhattan across the
I-195 Hudson River to Fort Lee in Bergen
County, New Jersey, is the world's
I-278 – serves as southern beltway around New York City busiest motor vehicle
I-280 bridge.[246][247] Interstate 95 and
U.S. Route 1/9 cross the river via
I-287 – serves as northern beltway around New York City
the bridge, while U.S. Route 46,
I-295 which lies entirely within New
Jersey, ends halfway across the
I-478
bridge at the state border with New
I-495 − also known as Long Island Expressway or LIE York.
I-678
I-684
I-695
I-878 – unsigned
U.S. Routes
US 1 The Walkway over the Hudson, the

US 5 world's longest pedestrian
bridge,[248] connects Ulster and
US 6 Dutchess counties in New York.
US 7
US 9
US 22
US 44
US 46
US 130
US 202
US 206 The Long Island Expressway (I-
US 209 495), viewing eastbound in Corona,
Queens
State Routes
Route 3
Route 4
Route 8
NY 9A
Route 15
Route 17
Route 18
Route 21
Route 23
Route 24
Route 25
NY 25
Route 27
NY 27
Route 29
Route 31
Route 139
Route 208
NY 440 / Route 440
Route 495
NY 895
Other limited-access roads
Some of these roads have a numerical designation assigned to it:
Belt Parkway
Bronx River Parkway
Conn. Turnpike (part of I-95)
Cross Island Parkway
FDR Drive
View south along the northbound
G.S. Parkway lanes of the Garden State Parkway
Grand Central Parkway from the overpass for the Capital to
Coast Trail in Wall Township,
Harlem River Drive Monmouth County, New Jersey
Henry Hudson Parkway
Hutchinson River Parkway
Jackie Robinson Parkway (formerly: Interboro Parkway)
Merritt Parkway (part of Route 15)
N.J. Turnpike (part of I-95)
New York Thruway (part of I-87)
Northern State Parkway
Palisades Parkway
Saw Mill River Parkway

Southern State Parkway
Sprain Brook Parkway
Taconic State Parkway
Named bridges and tunnels
The Brooklyn Bridge
The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge,

one of the world's longest
suspension bridges,[249][250]
connects Brooklyn and Staten
Island across The Narrows.
The Great South Bay Bridge, in

Suffolk County, connects the
mainland of Long Island to barrier
islands across the Great South Bay.
Alexander Hamilton Bridge connecting the Trans-Manhattan Expressway in the Washington Heights section
of Manhattan and the Cross-Bronx Expressway, as part of Interstate 95
Basilone Bridge (part of I-95 and the New Jersey Turnpike)
Bayonne Bridge (part of NY 440 and NJ 440), underwent a $1 billion project to raise the roadway by 64 feet
to 215 feet to allow taller container ships to pass underneath to access seaports in New York City and
northern New Jersey.[251]

Bear Mountain Bridge (part of US 6 and US 202)
Bronx–Whitestone Bridge (part of I-678) – connects the boroughs of Bronx and Queens.
Brooklyn Bridge, iconic of New York and designated a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. National Park
Service on January 29, 1964.[252] Connects Brooklyn and lower Manhattan (at Park Row and City Hall).
Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel (part of I-478), officially renamed the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel, in honor of the former
New York State governor – connects Brooklyn and lower Manhattan (financial district).
Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge (part of I-80 crossing the Delaware River)
Driscoll Bridge (part of the Garden State Parkway), with a total of 15 travel lanes and 6 shoulder lanes, the
widest motor vehicle bridge in the world by number of lanes[253] and one of the world's busiest.
Ed Koch Queensboro Bridge (part of NY 25) – renamed in honor of former New York Mayor Edward I. Koch,
also known informally as the "59th Street Bridge". Connects Queens and east side of Manhattan.
George Washington Bridge (part of I-95 and US 1-9/46), the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge[246][247] and
one of the world's widest, with 14 lanes.[253]
Goethals Bridge (part of I-278)
Great South Bay Bridge, Long Island
Heroes Tunnel (formerly the West Rock Tunnel) (part of CT 15)
Holland Tunnel (part of I-78 and NJ 139)
Lincoln Tunnel (part of Route 495)
Manhattan Bridge, connecting Brooklyn to Chinatown, Manhattan, carries 4 tracks of the B, D, N, and Q
trains of the New York City Subway, in addition to 7 lanes of traffic.
Mid-Hudson Bridge (part of US 44 and NY 55)
Newark Bay Bridge (part of I-78)
New Hope – Lambertville Toll Bridge (part of US 202 crossing the Delaware River)
Newburgh–Beacon Bridge (part of I-84 and NY 52)
Otisville Tunnel (takes the Metro-North Railroad Port Jervis Line through the Shawangunk Ridge in Orange
County, New York)
Outerbridge Crossing (part of NY 440 and NJ 440)
Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge (part of I-95 and the Connecticut Turnpike)
Poughkeepsie Bridge, also known as Walkway over the Hudson, the world's longest pedestrian bridge,[248]
connecting Ulster and Dutchess counties in New York
Pulaski Skyway (part of US 1–9)
Queens–Midtown Tunnel (part of I-495) – connects Queens and Midtown Manhattan.
Scudder Falls Bridge (part of I-295 crossing the Delaware River)
Sikorsky Memorial Bridge (part of CT 15 Merritt & Wilbur Cross Parkways)
Tappan Zee Bridge (part of I-87, I-287, and the New York State Thruway), the longest bridge in New York
State; underwent a $4 billion replacement.[254]
Thomas Alva Edison Memorial Bridge (part of US 9)
Throgs Neck Bridge (part of I-295) – connects the boroughs of Bronx and Queens (at western end of Long
Island Sound).
Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge (part of US 1)
Triborough Bridge (part of I-278), officially renamed the Robert F. Kennedy (RFK) Bridge – connects the
three boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx and Queens (hence its name).
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (part of I-278), the longest suspension bridge in the Americas and one of the
longest in the world (formerly the world's longest) – connects the boroughs of Staten Island and
Brooklyn.[249][250]
William A. Stickel Memorial Bridge (part of I-280)
Williamsburg Bridge, carries 2 tracks of the J, M, and Ztrains of the New York City Subway, in addition to 8
lanes of traffic – connects Williamsburg, Brooklyn, and the Lower East Side or Manhattan.
Commuter bus
New Jersey Transit, Academy Bus, Coach USA, Spanish Transportation, Trailways of New York, and several
other companies operate commuter coaches into the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Manhattan, and many other
bus services in New Jersey. Bus services also operate in other nearby counties in the states of New York and
Connecticut, but most terminate at a subway terminal or other rail station.
Major airports
The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F.
Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and
LaGuardia Airport; 130.5 million travelers used these three airports in 2016,
and the metropolitan area's airspace is the busiest in the nation.[23]
IATA ICAO
Airport code code County State
John F. Kennedy International

JFK KJFK Queens New York
Airport
Newark Liberty International New

EWR KEWR Essex/Union
Airport Jersey
LaGuardia Airport LGA KLGA Queens New York
The following smaller airports are also in the metro area and provide daily The AirTrain at JFK International
commercial service: Airport in Jamaica, Queens
IATA ICAO
Airport code code County State
Long Island MacArthur Airport ISP KISP Suffolk New York
Stewart International Airport SWF KSWF Orange New York

Trenton–Mercer Airport TTN KTTN Mercer New Jersey
Tweed New Haven Regional

HVN KHVN New Haven Connecticut
Airport
Westchester County Airport HPN KHPN Westchester New York
Commuter usage
According to the 2010 American Community Survey, 54.3% (5,476,169) of commuters used a car or other private
vehicle alone, 7.0% (708,788) used a carpool, 27.0% (2,721,372) used public transportation, 5.5% (558,434)
walked to work, 2.0% (200,448) used some other means of transportation such as a bicycle to get to work.[255]
Culture and contemporary life
The Metropolitan Museum of Art,

part of Museum Mile in the
Carnegie Hill neighborhood of
Manhattan's Upper East Side, is
one of the largest and most visited
museums in the world.[256]
Citi Field in Flushing, Queens is the

home of the New York Mets.
Yankee Stadium in the South Bronx

is the home of the New York
Yankees.
MetLife Stadium, in East

Rutherford, New Jersey, home to
the New York Giants and New York
Jets, is the most expensive stadium
ever built,[257] at approximately $1.6
billion.[258]
According to Travel + Leisure

magazine's October 2011 survey,
Times Square in Midtown
Manhattan, iconified as the
"Crossroads of the
World",[259][260][261][262][263] is the
world's most visited tourist
attraction, bringing in over 39 million
visitors annually.[264]
New York has been described as the cultural capital of the world by the diplomatic consulates of Iceland[265] and
Latvia[266] and by New York's own Baruch College.[267] A book containing a series of essays titled New York,
culture capital of the world, 1940–1965 has also been published as showcased by the National Library of
Australia.[268] Tom Wolfe has quoted regarding New York's culture that "Culture just seems to be in the air, like
part of the weather."[269]
Although Manhattan remains the epicenter of cultural life in the metropolitan area, the entire region is replete
with prominent cultural institutions, with artistic performances and ethnically oriented events receiving
international attention throughout the year.
Sports teams
New York is home to the headquarters of the National Football League,[270] Major League Baseball,[271] the
National Basketball Association,[272] the National Hockey League,[273] and Major League Soccer.[274] Four of the
ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square
Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area.[257] The New York metropolitan area has
the highest total number of professional sports teams in these five leagues.
Listing of the professional sports teams in the New York metropolitan area:
National Basketball Association (NBA)

Brooklyn Nets (Brooklyn, New York City)
New York Knicks (Manhattan, New York City)
National Women's Soccer League (NWSL)
NJ/NY Gotham FC (Harrison, New Jersey)
Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)
New York Liberty (Brooklyn, New York City)
Major League Baseball (MLB)
New York Mets (Queens, New York City)
New York Yankees (The Bronx, New York City)
Major League Soccer (MLS)
New York City FC (The Bronx, New York City)
New York Red Bulls (Harrison, New Jersey)
Minor League Baseball (MiLB)
Eastern League (AA)
Trenton Thunder (Yankees) (Trenton, New Jersey)
South Atlantic League (A)
Lakewood BlueClaws (Phillies) (Lakewood Township, New Jersey)
Brooklyn Cyclones (Mets) (Brooklyn, New York City)
Hudson Valley Renegades (Rays) (Fishkill, New York)
Atlantic League of Professional Baseball (ALPB)

Staten Island FerryHawks (Staten Island, New York City)
Bridgeport Bluefish (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
Long Island Ducks (Central Islip, New York)
Somerset Patriots (Bridgewater Township, New Jersey)
Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball (CanAm League)
New Jersey Jackals (Little Falls, New Jersey)
Newark Bears (Newark, New Jersey)
Rockland Boulders (Pomona, New York)
National Football League (NFL)
New York Giants (East Rutherford, New Jersey)
New York Jets (East Rutherford, New Jersey)
National Hockey League (NHL)
New Jersey Devils (Newark, New Jersey)
New York Islanders (Elmont, New York)
New York Rangers (Manhattan, New York City)
American Hockey League (AHL)
Bridgeport Sound Tigers (Islanders) (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
Major League Lacrosse (outdoor) (MLL)
New York Lizards (Hempstead, New York)
North American Rugby League (NARL)

New York City Rugby League (Harrison, New Jersey)
College Sports (NCAA Division I)
Army Black Knights (West Point, New York)
Columbia University Lions (Manhattan, New York City)
Fairfield University Stags (Fairfield, Connecticut)
Fairleigh Dickinson University Knights (Teaneck, New Jersey)
Fordham University Rams (The Bronx, New York City)
Hofstra University Pride (Hempstead, New York)
Iona College Gaels (New Rochelle, New York)
Long Island University Blackbirds (Brooklyn, New York City)
Manhattan College Jaspers and Lady Jaspers (The Bronx, New York City)
Marist College Red Foxes (Poughkeepsie, New York)
Monmouth University Hawks (West Long Branch, New Jersey)
New Jersey Institute of Technology Highlanders (Newark, New Jersey)
Princeton University Tigers (Princeton, New Jersey)
Quinnipiac University Bobcats (Hamden, Connecticut)
Rider University Broncs (Lawrenceville, New Jersey)
Rutgers University Scarlet Knights (New Brunswick, New Jersey)
Sacred Heart University Pioneers (Fairfield, Connecticut)
St. Peter's University Peacocks and Peahens (Jersey City, New Jersey)
St. Francis Brooklyn Terriers (Brooklyn, New York City)
St. John's University Red Storm (Queens, New York City)
Seton Hall University Pirates (South Orange, New Jersey)
Stony Brook University Seawolves (Stony Brook, New York)
Wagner College Seahawks (Staten Island, New York City)
Yale University Bulldogs (New Haven, Connecticut)
Media
The New York metropolitan area is home to the headquarters of several well-known media companies,
subsidiaries, and publications, including Thomson Reuters, The New York Times Company, the Associated
Press, Warner Bros. Discovery, NBCUniversal, the Hearst Corporation, Paramount Global, News Corp, the Fox
Corporation, The Wall Street Journal, Fox News, ABC, CBS, and NBC. Local television channels broadcasting to
the New York market include WCBS-TV 2 (CBS), WNBC 4 (NBC), WNYW 5 (FOX), WABC-TV 7 (ABC), WWOR-
TV 9 (MyNetworkTV), WPIX 11 (CW), WNET 13 (PBS), WNYE-TV 25 (NYC Media) and WPXN-TV 31 (Ion). NY1
is a 24/7 local news provider available only to cable television subscribers. Radio stations serving the area
include: WNYC, WKCR, WFMU, WABC-AM, and WFAN. Many television and radio stations use the top of the
Empire State Building to broadcast their terrestrial television signals, while some media entities broadcast from
studios in Times Square.
The New York metropolitan area is extensive enough so that its own channels must compete with channels from
neighboring television markets (including Philadelphia, Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, and Hartford) within its
outlying counties. Cable companies offer such competition in the Pennsylvania portion, Connecticut, and a few
counties in central New Jersey.
Theme parks
In New Jersey
Skyline of Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, Ocean County, New Jersey, the world's largest theme park in 2013.[275] To
the far left is Kingda Ka, the world's tallest roller coaster.[276]
Main Park Other Parks Location Year Opened

Six Flags Great Adventure Six Flags Wild Safari, Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Jackson 1974
Land of Make Believe None Hope 1954
Mountain Creek Waterpark None Vernon 1998
In New York State
Coney Island, in Brooklyn, is considered one of America's first amusement parks.
Playland, Rye, Westchester County
Legoland New York, in Goshen, Orange County opened in 2021.
Plans were unveiled by New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg on September 27, 2012, for the New York Wheel, a
giant Ferris wheel, to be built at the northern shore of Staten Island, overlooking the Statue of Liberty, New York
Harbor, and the Lower Manhattan skyline.[277]
Area codes
The area is served by at least 26 area codes:
212: Serves Manhattan and is overlaid with 646 and 917 332.
718: Serves all other boroughs of New York City and is overlaid with 347, 917, and 929.
917: Serves all of New York City.
516 & 363: Serve Nassau County.
631 & 934: Serve Suffolk County.
914: Serves Westchester County.
845: Serves the Hudson Valley counties of Southern New York State.
570 & 272: Serves Pike County in Pennsylvania.
203 & 475: Serves Southwestern Connecticut,
860 & 959: Serves the rest of Connecticut not served by 203 or 475.
201: Serves most of Bergen County, as well as parts of Essex, Hudson, and Passaic in Northern New
Jersey, and is overlaid with 551.
973: Serves portions of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Morris, Passaic, Sussex, and portions of Union County in
New Jersey, and is overlaid with 862.
908: Serves communities in Union County, Somerset County, northern parts of Middlesex County, Hunterdon
County, Warren County, and Morris County as well as some cell phones in Monmouth County in New Jersey.
732: Serves Middlesex County, Somerset County, portions of Union County, and Monmouth and northern
Ocean counties in New Jersey; overlaid with 848.
609 & 640: Serves Mercer County and parts of Middlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties.
See also
Biotech companies in the New York City metropolitan region
Tech companies in the New York metropolitan area
Cities and metropolitan areas of the United States
Mass transit in New York City
Regional Plan Association
Transportation in New York City
Putnam County, New York
Notes
a. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point
during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
b. Official weather observations for Central Park were conducted at the Arsenal at Fifth Avenue and 64th Street
from 1869 to 1919, and at Belvedere Castle since 1919.[54]
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7/27/23, 5:44 PM New York metropolitan area - Wikipedia

New York metropolitan area

The New York metropolitan area is the most populous

According to Forbes, in 2014, the New York metropolitan area Connecticut

Westchester County, NY North Hempstead

Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury, CT MSA (916,829) GMP USD 2.0 trillion[9]

The area is frequently divided into the following

New York City (the primary urban center of the

Western Connecticut (Only Fairfield, New Haven, and

Almost all of the metropolitan area receives at least 42 inches (1,070 mm) of

The New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-

The Bear Mountain Bridge

High Point Monument as seen from

Record high 72 78 86 96 99 101 106 104 102 94 84 75 106

Record low −6 −15 3 12 32 44 52 50 39 28 5 −13 −15

Source 2: Weather Atlas[59]

Sea temperature data for New York

Record high 74 76 89 97 99 102 108 105 105 93 85 76 108

Record low °F −8 −14 6 16 33 41 51 45 35 25 12 −8 −14

Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)

Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)

Climate data for West Point, New York [show]

Record high 71 72 86 96 97 102 106 105 105 92 82 72 106

Record low °F −15 −17 −2 12 25 39 40 35 28 20 5 −16 −17

Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)[60][61]

Climate data for Bridgehampton, New York [show]

Record high 67 63 79 92 93 95 102 100 94 88 75 70 102

Record low °F −11 −12 6 14 29 36 46 41 35 22 10 −6 −12

Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)

Climate data for Bridgeport, Connecticut (Sikorsky Airport) [show]

Record high 68 67 84 91 97 97 103 100 99 89 78 76 103

Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)

Climate data for Danbury, Connecticut [show]

Record high 71 77 92 95 97 105 106 104 100 91 82 80 106

Record low °F −18 −16 −9 14 25 35 38 37 23 16 0 −11 −18

Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)

Climate data for Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania [show]

72 74 87 96 97 110 104 103 106 95 98 72 110

−25 −21 −14 10 24 32 36 32 20 14 2 −14 −25

Climate data for Morristown, New Jersey [show]

New York City

Lower Hudson Valley

Northern New Jersey

Northern New Jersey, also known colloquially as North Jersey, is typically

Although it is a suburban and rural region of New York, much of the

Central New Jersey

Downtown New Brunswick,

Belmar, Monmouth County, on the Jersey Shore

Candlewood Lake is the largest

The Mohonk Mountain House, Pike County, Pennsylvania

Main cities and towns

New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island MSA

Downtown Stamford in Fairfield

The New Haven Green Historic

Aerial view of Newark, Essex

Public Library in Yonkers,

Barnum Museum in Bridgeport,

Paterson, Passaic County, New

Urban areas within

Urban areas within the New York

Population Land Land Density Density

Bridgeport–Stamford, CT–NY † 916,408 397.29 1,028.98 2,306.63 890.60

New Haven, CT † 561,456 298.01 771.85 1,884.00 727.42