Republic of the Philippines

Nueva Ecija University Science and Technology

General Tinio St., Cabanatuan City

GRADUATE SCHOOL

MASTER OF ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT

Reaction Paper in Chapter 04

In

EnM 211 – Organization and Management

Second Semester AY 2021-2022

Prepared by:

Engr. JONAS C. DIZON

MEnM Student

Submitted to:

Engr. Feliciano L. Bolisay Jr., PhD.

Subject Professor
 1. Why is decision-making often described as the essence of a manager’s job?

The essence of a manager's duty is to guarantee that the team you are heading

completes the work that has been assigned to them, according to the agreed-upon

specifications of that task, on time and for the anticipated cost or less than that cost. In

order to do this, you will be continuously making judgments about the best courses of

action for the team to take, task assignments, and other matters. As a result, making

decisions is an important component of the work. I'm not sure I'd call it the essence since

there are other abilities that are just as crucial, such as communication and identifying the

resources that will allow the team to succeed as well. Your ability to properly

communicate the expectations, requirements, and so on from higher management and

your customers, as well as the needs and concerns of your team, to people who can

address those needs and issues, is a must. You must also ensure that your team has all

they need in order to be successful, and then you must step back and let them to do their

work.

As a result, making decisions is an important component of the work;

nevertheless, it is by no means the sole part. And you definitely don't want to believe that

it is your responsibility to make all of the choices since that will lead to

micromanagement, which is one of the most effective ways to destroy morale and

productivity.

3. All of us bring biases to the decisions we make. What would be the drawbacks of having

biases? Could there be any advantages to having biases? Explain. What are the

implications for managerial decision-making?

Identify any biases that you have come across or believe you may have in your

personality. Cultural biases and age biases are two examples of this. The disadvantage of biases

is that they have a limited impact on human behavior and decision-making. Managers, on the

other hand, may take use of their understanding of possible biases when they are aware of them.

As a consequence of their expertise, they are better able to identify the prejudices held by others

and react more effectively. The fact that biases may "fog" a decision maker's identification or

appraisal of options might have an impact on the final choice. Managers should be aware of this.
5. Is there a difference between wrong decisions and bad decisions? Why do good

managers sometimes make wrong decisions? Bad decisions? How might managers

improve their decision-making skills?

When you have no way of knowing, your best guess is to make the wrong decision.A bad

decision is one that is made despite the fact that are in front of you.

Unforced mistakes result in bad decision. That difference is important because, although you

cannot always control results, you can manage the process, which helps you prevent terrible

consequences in the first place.

A competent manager may make a judgment based on prior experience, even if that

experience does not apply to the present circumstance. Those who do it out of self-interest are

putting themselves at risk since it acts on a subconscious level. Furthermore, pre-judgments may

be shown to be incorrect. When it comes to businesses, attachments to people, places, or things

might lead a management to decide to sell the firm if the company is in the midst of a

downsizing or restructuring process.

Managers, regardless of their age or level of experience, may constantly improve their

decision-making skills. Different managers will have different approaches to improving their

performance. Some managers need to enhance the logistics of the decision-making process,

which means they need to understand more about the company in order for their choices to be

the best possible. Other managers may find it difficult to commit to a certain course of action.

Consequently, they may allow their hesitancy to take control of them. These managers must

learn how to determine the best course of action and remain firm in their convictions.

7. Explain how a manager might deal with making decisions under conditions of

uncertainty.

As a manager, there are always risks associated with making decisions, as well as

uncertainty about the outcome of the decision to be made. However, by gathering all of the

necessary information, following the procedures, and evaluating and selecting the best

alternative for a possible solution to the problem, the risk associated with making decisions can

be reduced.
9. Find two examples each of procedures, rules, and policies. Bring your examples to class

and be prepared to share them.

Procedures:

1. Procedure on how to operate and maintain the Water System Level II

2. Procedure on how to procure goods in RA 9184

Rules:

1. Company rules and regulations

2. Court rules of civil procedure

Policies:

1. Diplomatic style and foreign policy

2. National Policy on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Chronic Lifestyle Related

Non-Communicable Diseases