CHEM 150

THE UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND

FIRST SEMESTER, 2019

Campus: City

Chemistry

CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY

(Time allowed: TWO hours)

INSTRUCTIONS:

Answer ALL seven questions.

The mark value for each question is given in the table on the right and also in the questions.

The answers to questions should be written in the spaces provided. You may use the backs of pages
if extra space is required.

PRINT your ID number LEGIBLY at the top of each page.

OFFICE USE ONLY
A periodic table is attached at the end of the exam paper. This
page should be torn off so that you can use it during the exam. 1 25 marks
The periodic table does not need to be handed in.
2 15 marks
The rest of the booklet (pages 1 - 11) must be handed in at the
end of the examination. 3 10 marks

4 10 marks
Please PRINT:
5 15 marks
ID NUMBER: __________________________________
6 10 marks
Surname: __________________________________
7 15 marks

First Name: __________________________________ TOTAL 100 marks

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Question/Answer Booklet CHEM150
ID:________________
QUESTION 1: (25 marks TOTAL)

For parts (a) – (m), write the answer on the line provided. Each part is worth 1 mark.

(a) Name the state of matter that is the most dense

for most substances. _____________

(b) Name a state change that is exothermic

and releases energy. _____________

(c) The term “atomic number” refers to the number of

what in the nucleus of an atom? _____________

(d) Name the element that corresponds to the symbol F. _____________

(e) Write the chemical symbol for the element potassium. _____

(f) The mineral asbestos has a typical formula Ca3Mg5(Si4O11)2(OH)2.

How many atoms are represented in this formula? _____

(g) Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ

in the number of what? _____________

(h) Write the symbol of the ion that has 7 protons and 10 electrons. _____

(i) What is the maximum number of electrons that can

occupy a p orbital? _____

(j) What shape is an s orbital. _____________

(k) How many valence electrons does an atom of selenium, Se,

atomic number 34 have? _____

(l) Name the polyatomic ion, SO42-. _____________

(m) Write the formula of phosphorus pentachloride. _____________

(n) (1 mark) Explain briefly the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.

(o) (1 mark) Define the term “mixture”.

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Question/Answer Booklet CHEM150
ID:________________
Question 1 (continued):

(p) (1 mark) Explain briefly why the total mass of the products equals the total mass of the
reactants in a chemical reaction.

(q) Aluminium oxide is a white solid used as an abrasive in toothpaste.

(i) (1½ marks) Circle the word in brackets that correctly completes the sentence.
Aluminium oxide is a/an ( ionic / molecular ) compound.
Justify your choice.

(ii) (1 mark) Write the formula for aluminium oxide. ____________

The reaction of aluminium metal with oxygen that forms aluminium oxide as the product is
classified as a redox reaction.
(iii) (1 mark) Circle the words in brackets that correctly complete the following sentence.
When aluminium reacts with oxygen to form aluminium oxide, aluminium ( gains / loses )
electrons and is referred to as the ( reductant / oxidant ).

(r) (1½ marks) Complete the following sentence about a 46Ca atom.

This atom has _____ protons, _____ neutrons and ____ electrons.

(s) (1 mark) Write the complete electron configuration in s, p, d notation of an atom of

phosphorus, P.

(t) (1 mark) Explain briefly why members of group 2 of the periodic table exhibit similar
chemical properties.

(u) (1 mark) When water is added to silicon tetrachloride, SiCl4, solid silicon dioxide, SiO2, and
hydrogen chloride gas are produced. The equation for this reaction is shown below but is not
balanced. Write on the lines any coefficients required to balance the equation.
___ SiCl4(l) + ___ H2O(l)  ___ SiO2(s) + ___HCl(g)

(v) (1 mark) Explain briefly why the noble gases are very stable chemically.

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Question/Answer Booklet CHEM150
ID:________________
Question 2 (15 marks in total)
(a) The reaction between potassium super oxide, KO2, and CO2 is used as a source of O2 and
absorber of CO2 in self-contained breathing equipment used by rescue workers. The relevant
chemical equation for this process is given below.
4KO2(s) + 2CO2(g)  2K2CO3(s) + 3O2(g)

(i) (1 mark) Show that the molar mass of K2CO3 is 138.19 g mol-1

(ii) (2 marks) In a breathing equipment, 30 g of potassium super oxide is used. Calculate

the amount in moles of potassium super oxide used in this equipment.
M(KO2) =71.09 g mol-1

(iii) (2 marks) Calculate the mass of O2 produced in this equipment.

(iv) (2 marks) If a person breathes out 8.9 g of CO2 to react with 30.0 g of potassium
super oxide determine which chemical is the limiting reactant in this equipment.
Show your working.

(v) (2 marks) Use your answer to (iv) above to calculate the mass of K2CO3 produced in
this equipment.

(vi) (2 marks) A student dissolves 30.5 g of K2CO3 in 250 mL of deionised water.

Calculate the concentration of K+ ions in the solution.

(vii) (4 marks) Some sulfuric acid is spilled on a lab bench. You can neutralize the acid by
sprinkling sodium bicarbonate on it.

2NaHCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq)  Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2CO2(g)

Sodium bicarbonate is added until the fizzing due to the formation of CO2(g) stops.
If 27.5 mL of 6 mol L-1 H2SO4 was spilled, calculate the minimum mass of NaHCO3
that must be added to the spill to neutralize the acid.

M(NaHCO3 = 84.008 g mol-1

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Question/Answer Booklet CHEM150
ID:________________
QUESTION 3: (10 marks TOTAL)
(a) (i) (2 marks) School of chemical sciences has the abbreviation SCS. In chemistry this is how
the atoms are bonded in carbon disulphide. Draw the Lewis structure for CS2.

(ii) (2 marks) Predict the shape that describes the arrangement of atoms about the C atom in
CS2. Justify your answer.
Shape of CS2 ____________

Reason for the shape

(b) (i) (2 marks) Draw the Lewis structure for sulfur dichloride, SCl2.

(ii) (2 marks) Predict the shape that describes the arrangement of atoms about the S in SCl2.
Justify your answer.
Shape of SCl2 ____________

Reason for the shape

(c) (2 marks) Give the bond angles for:

(i) S-C-S in CS2 ________

(ii) Cl-S-Cl in SCl2. ________

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Question/Answer Booklet CHEM150
ID:________________
QUESTION 4: (10 marks TOTAL)

The questions below relate to compounds A-J in the table below.

A B C D E

F G H I J

(a) (5 marks) The compounds in the table may be used for more than one answer below. Give, in
the boxes provided, one compound which:

(i) is an unsaturated hydrocarbon (vi) is an amide

(ii) is a tertiary alcohol (vii) is an alkene

(iii) has a molecular formula (viii) will undergo an addition

C4H8O2 reaction twice

(iv) will react with SOCl2 to form (ix) is a carboxylic acid

an alkyl halide

(v) is a cycloalkane (x) can be oxidised with H2CrO4

(b) (1 mark) Draw the line structure of compound D:

(c) (1 mark) State the letter of the two compounds that are constitutional isomers of one
another:
_______ & _______

(d) (2 marks) State the name of compound G: __________________

(e) (1 mark) One of the compounds in the table can react with methanol (CH3OH) in the
presence of an acid and form another from the table. State which compounds these are:

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Question/Answer Booklet CHEM150
ID:________________
QUESTION 5: (15 marks TOTAL)

(a) Ibuprofen is an organic compound that is very commonly *

used as a painkiller and anti-inflammatory.

(i) (1 ½ marks) Complete the molecular formula of

Ibuprofen: C___H____O____

(ii) (½ mark) State the oxygen-containing functional group in ibuprofen: _____________

(iii) (½ mark) Is ibuprofen a hydrocarbon? Yes / No (circle one)

(iv) (1 mark) Ibuprofen is an aliphatic / aromatic, saturated / unsaturated compound.

(circle one) (circle one)

(v) (½ mark) Mark any stereogenic centres on the above structure of ibuprofen with an
asterix (*).

(b) Alkenes like alkene K (shown below) can undergo reactions with H2 in the presence of a
catalyst to give alkanes.

(i) (1½ mark) State the catalyst and draw the product of the reaction and the in the boxes
provided:

(ii) (½ mark) This type of reaction is an addition / elimination / substitution.

(circle one)

(iii) (1 mark) Can alkene K exist as E/Z isomers? Yes / No (circle one)
Briefly justify your answer

(iv) (2 marks) When alkene K reacts with HBr, two possible products are possible, one
major and one minor. Give the structures of the two products in the boxes provided
and state which is the major and which is the minor.

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Question/Answer Booklet CHEM150
ID:________________
(c) The following questions relate to the scheme below:

(i) (4 marks) Complete the above reaction scheme by filling in the boxes with the reagents
and products, as required.

(ii) (½ mark) Classify alcohol L as a 1° / 2° / 3° alcohol.

(circle one)

(iii) (½ mark) What is the functional group in compound M? __________________

(iv) (1 mark) Conversion of alcohol L to compound P is addition / elimination / substitution.

(circle one)
Briefly justify your answer

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Question/Answer Booklet CHEM150
ID:________________
QUESTION 6 : (10 marks in Total)
(a) (2 marks) Calculate the energy required to heat 0.5 kg of silver from 22C to 58C given
that the specific heat capacity of silver is 0.24 J g-1 C

(b) (1 mark) What is the first law of thermodynamics?

(c) (3 marks)Which of the following events are endothermic/exothermic.

(i) Ice melting __________

(ii) Combustion of coal __________
(iii) Photosynthesis __________
(iv) Mixing of water and an acid __________
(v) H2(g) + F2(g) ⇌ 2HF(g) __________
(vi) Respiration __________
(d) The enthalpy change for the sublimation of 1 mol of solid iodine at 25°C and sea level is
62.4 kJ mol-1.
I2(s) ⇌ I2(g) ΔH = +62.4 kJ mol-1

(i) (2 marks) Calculate the quantity of energy in kJ that must be transferred to vapourise
8.9 g of solid iodine.
M(I2) = 254 g mol-1

(ii) (2 marks) Draw a labelled energy profile diagram for an endothermic reaction.

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Question/Answer Booklet CHEM150
ID:________________
QUESTION 7:(15 marks in Total)
(a) (4 marks) Sulphur trioxide can be used in the process of making sulfuric acid. Describe the
effect of the following changes on the equilibrium mixture for the following reaction.
2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) H = -198.2 kJ mol-1
(i) Decreasing the volume of the container.

(ii) Decreasing the temperature

(iii) Adding more O2

(iv) Adding more SO3

(b) (1½ marks) What is the effect of a catalyst on the equilibrium? Justify your answer.

(c) (2½ marks) A 1.00 L reaction vessel contains 1.2 mol L-1 CO(g), 1.5 mol L-1 H2(g), and
2 mol L-1 CH3OH(g). Calculate the reaction quotient to identify if the reaction is reactant
favoured, product favoured or at equilibrium.
CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g) Kc = 14.5

(d) (3 marks) The pH of a cola drink is 2.9.

(i) Is the drink acidic or basic? Justify your answer. ______________
(ii) Calculate the concentration in mol L-1 of H3O+ ions.

(iii) Calculate the concentration in mol L-1 of OH- ions.

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Question/Answer Booklet CHEM150
ID:________________
(e) (4 marks) Consider the following unbalanced equation.
Al(s) + Br2(aq) ⇌ Al3+(aq) + Br-(aq)

(i) Write the balanced oxidation half reaction.

(ii) Write the balanced reduction half equation.

(iii) Derive the balanced full equation.

ATTACHMENT FOLLOWS

Page 11 of 12
 PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
Atomic Number 1
H
1 1.008 Molar mass / g mol-1 18
1 2
H He
1.008 2 13 14 15 16 17 4.00
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.94 9.01 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Attachment
39.09 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57-71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0
87 88 89-103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Uut Fl Uup Lv Uus Uuo

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
138.9 149.1 140.9 144.2 150.4 152.0 157.3 159.0 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0 231.0 238.0

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