Outage probability analysis of spatial information is available at the transmitter through a feedback path

modulation systems with antenna selection from the receiver.

B. Kumbhani and R.S. Kshetrimayum Order statistics of fading coefficients: Antenna selection is done by
using the parameter [4]
The outage probability of spatial modulation (SM) multiple input
multiple output (MIMO) systems incorporated with transmit antenna

Nr  
selection (TAS) over Rayleigh fading channels for binary phase shift Aj = hi, j 2 (2)
keying signals is analysed. A MIMO system with Nt transmit and Nr i=1
receive antennas in the Rayleigh fading environment is considered.
S < Nt antennas are selected at the transmitter side to maximise the In the Rayleigh MIMO channel, Ajs are the Chi-squared distributed
received signal power. A closed form expression for the outage prob- random variables with 2Nr degrees of freedom. The PDF of Aj is
ability of the SM MIMO systems with TAS is derived and validated
given as [7]
using the simulation results.

xNr −1 e−x
fAj (x) = , x≥0 (3)
Introduction: Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems have G(Nr )
been in focus as the capacity boosting technique for wireless communi-
cation systems without the penalties of extra bandwidth and power. and the cumulative distribution function is given by [7]
Parallel RF chains in the MIMO systems come with added cost in
terms of hardware complexity, power and size [1] and simultaneous

N r −1
xi
transmissions from multiple antennas have the inherent disadvantages FAj (x) = 1 − e−x , x≥0 (4)
i!
of inter-antenna interference, requirement of synchronisation etc. [2]. i=0
The techniques of spatial modulation (SM) [3] and transmit antenna
selection (TAS) [4] are suggested as solutions that overcome the To select the S antennas that give the maximum received power, Ajs are
inherent drawbacks of the conventional MIMO systems. TAS over- rearranged in ascending order and S antennas that correspond to the
comes the drawbacks of the MIMO systems by selecting a single highest values of Aj are selected. According to the order statistics, the
antenna for the transmission of information without affecting the diver- PDF of A(r) such that A(1) ≤ A(2) ≤ · · · ≤ A(Nt ) can be given by [8]
sity order. SM is considered a simplified MIMO system to achieve
higher spectral efficiencies without costing extra bandwidth and with 1  r−1
fA(r) (x) = FAj (x)
unchanged constellation size. The problem with SM MIMO systems B(r, Nt − r + 1)
is that the link of the antenna index used for communication may be  N −r
× 1 − FAj (x) t fAj (x) (5)
completely down. This problem can be overcome if one selects S anten-
nas out of Nt transmitting antennas with good links and applies SM on
where r = Nt − S + 1, B(.,.) is the beta function, and the PDF of the
those S antennas. Some of the researchers have worked in this direction
received SNR can be given as
and combined the SM and the TAS MIMO systems [5, 6]. We refer to
those combined systems as TAS SM MIMO systems in the subsequent
discussion of this Letter. In [5], it is shown that the TAS SM MIMO 1
Nt
1  i−1
fgr (x) = FAj (x)
systems give a better bit error rate performance than the conventional Nt − r + 1 i=r B(i, Nt − i + 1)
SM MIMO systems. In [6], Pillay and Xu rectified the errors in formu-  N −i
lation and the Monte Carlo simulations of [5]. In [5, 6], Euclidean dis- × 1 − FAj (x) t fAj (x) (6)
tance optimised antenna selection and capacity optimised antenna
selection are combined with the SM MIMO system and symbol error By substituting (3) and (4) in (6), the PDF of the instantaneous received
rate performance results of the simulation are reported. SNR (γi) can be given by
The contribution of this Letter is that it gives the closed form
expression for the outage probability of the TAS SM MIMO systems 1
Nt
1
in a flat Rayleigh fading environment. Our antenna selection is done fgri ( x) =
(Nt − r + 1) i=r B(i, Nt − i + 1)
based on maximum received power (MRP). The analytical results are
 i−1  Nt −i
validated using Monte Carlo simulations and they are in close

N r −1
xi

N r −1
xi xNr −1 e−x
agreement. × 1 − e−x e−x
i=0
i! i=0
i! G(Nr )
The rest of the Letter is organised as follows. The system model is
described first. Then, the derivation of the probability density function
Nt

i−1

1 M
1 i−1
(PDF) of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is elaborated. A =
(Nt − r + 1)G(Nr ) i=r j=0 t=0 B(i, Nt − i + 1) j
closed form expression of the outage probability of the TAS SM
MIMO systems is derived. The simulation and the analytical results

× (−1)j Ct j, Nr xNr +t−1 e−x(Nt −i+j+1)
are shown and conclusions are drawn.
(7)
System model: We consider a MIMO system with Nt transmit and Nr
where M = (Nr − 1)(Nt − i + j) and Ct ( j, Nr) is the coefficient of xt in the
receive antennas with flat Rayleigh fading conditions. S antennas are
expansion of
selected which maximise the total received signal power (S ≤ Nt). For
the SM, S has to satisfy the condition S = 2m, where m is a positive  Nt −i+j
integer. Among the S selected antennas, the antenna is chosen for

N r −1
xi
symbol transmission according to the incoming data bits. The mixed (8)
i=0
i!
ratio combing (MRC) combining is assumed at the receiver. The
system is referred to as the (Nt/S; Nr) MIMO system.
At any instant, if the symbol s is transmitted from the single chosen
antenna, the received signal vector is the same as that for the MRC recei- Outage probability: In this Section, a closed form expression of the
ver diversity. It can be given as outage probability for the SM MIMO system with the MRP TAS is
derived considering the Rayleigh fading conditions. The outage prob-
y = hj s + n (1) ability for an (Nt/S; Nr) MRP TAS SM MIMO system can be given as
 
where hj is the jth column of an Nr × Nt channel matrix whose elements
 2R − 1
Pout g, R = Pr gi , (9)
hj,i (i = 1, 2, …, Nt and j = 1, 2, …, Nr) are Rayleigh distributed and n is g
an Nr × 1 noise vector. The noise is assumed to be complex Gaussian
distributed with variance N0/2. It is assumed that the channel state where R is the given capacity and γ is the average SNR.

ELECTRONICS LETTERS 16th January 2014 Vol. 50 No. 2 pp. 125–126

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Assuming γth = (2R−1)/γ, the outage probability in (9) can be given 10
0

by analytical
simulation
–1
10 SM without TAS

2 × 2 SM MIMO

 1
Nt
1
−2
10
Pout g, R = 4/2 × 2 SM MIMO
(Nt − r + 1)G(Nr ) i=r B(i, Nt − i + 1)

outage probability
−3

i−1  10

i−1 6/2 × 2 SM MIMO
× (−1)j −4

j=0 j 10


M
 gth Nr +t−1 −x(Nt −i+j+1) −5
10
× Ct j, Nr x e dx (10)
t=0 0
−6
10

−7
10
Thus, the closed form expression for the outage probability obtained –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
SNR, dB
after evaluating the integral in (10) is as given below [9]
Fig. 1 Outage probability against SNR curve for MRP TAS SM MIMO
systems with antenna selection (2 bits/s/Hz)

 1
Nt
1
Pout g, R = Conclusion: A closed form expression for the outage probability of
(Nt − r + 1)G(Nr ) i=r B(i, Nt − i + 1)
MRP TAS SM MIMO systems is derived and validated using the simu-
i−1 


i−1 lation results. A significant improvement in the outage probability is
× (−1)j observed for the MRP TAS SM MIMO systems over the conventional
j=0 j
(11) SM MIMO systems at the cost of more number of antennas at the


M
 transmitter.
× Ct j, Nr
t=0


(N +t) © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2014
g Nr + t, gth Nt − i + j + 1 r 21 October 2013
×

Nt − i + j + 1 doi: 10.1049/el.2013.3466
B. Kumbhani and R.S. Kshetrimayum (Department of Electronics and
Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati,
where γ(.,.) is the lower incomplete gamma function. Guwahati, India)
The outage probability of the SM MIMO systems without TAS in the E-mail: krs@iitg.ernet.in
Rayleigh fading channels, Pout (γR)noTAS can be given as
References

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 16th January 2014 Vol. 50 No. 2 pp. 125–126