196 Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;

fo"k; fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;

vkB Ñf"k lekt vkSj eqX+ky lkezkT;
(yxHkx lksygoha vkSj l=kgoha lnh)

lksygoha&l=kgoha lnh osQ nkSjku ¯gnqLrku esa djhc&djhc 85

I+kQhlnh yksx xk¡oksa esa jgrs FksA NksVs [ksfrgj vkSj Hkwfegj laHkzkar nksuksa
gh o`Qf"k mRiknu ls tqMs+ Fks vkSj nksuksa gh i+Qly osQ fgLlksa osQ nkosnkj
FksA blls muosQ chp lg;ksx] izfr;ksfxrk vkSj la?k"kZ osQ fj'rs cusA [ksrh
ls tqM+s bu reke fj'rksa osQ rkus&ckus ls xk¡o dk lekt curk FkkA
blh le; dbZ ckgjh rkdrsa Hkh xzkeh.k nqfu;k esa nkf[ky gqb±A
buesa lcls egÙoiw.kZ eqX+ky jkT; Fkk tks viuh vkenuh dk cgqr
cM+k fgLlk o`Qf"k mRiknu ls mxkgrk FkkA jkT; osQ uqekbans & jktLo
fuèkkZfjr djus okys] jktLo olwyh djus okys] fglkc j[kus okys &
xzkeh.k lekt ij dkcw j[kus dh dksf'k'k djrs FksA os rlYyh djuk
pkgrs Fks fd [ksrksa dh tqrkbZ gks vkSj jkT; dks mit ls vius fgLls
dk dj le; ij fey tk,A pw¡fd dbZ I+kQlysa fcØh osQ fy, mxkbZ
fp=k 8-1
,d xzkeh.k n`';
tkrh Fkha] blfy, O;kikj] eqnzk vkSj ck”kkj Hkh xk¡oksa esa ?kql vk, vkSj
l=kgoha 'krkCnh osQ ,d eqX+ky fp=k dk blls [ksrh okys bykosQ 'kgj ls tqM+ x,A
C;ksjk
1- fdlku vkSj o`Qf"k mRiknu
[ksfrgj lekt dh cqfu;knh bdkbZ xk¡o Fkh ftlesa fdlku jgrs FksA
fdlku lky Hkj vyx&vyx ekSle esa oks reke dke djrs Fks ftlls
i+Qly dh iSnkokj gksrh Fkh & tSls fd ”kehu dh tqrkbZ] cht cksuk
vkSj i+Qly idus ij mldh dVkbZA blosQ vykok os mu oLrqvksa osQ
mRiknu esa Hkh 'kjhO+kQ gksrs Fks tks o`Qf"k&vkèkkfjr Fkha tSls fd 'kDdj]
rsy bR;kfnA
ysfdu flI+kZQ eSnkuh bykdksa esa cls fdlkuksa dh [ksrh gh xzkeh.k
Hkkjr dh [+kkfl;r ugha FkhA dbZ ,sls {ks=k Hkh Fks & tSls fd lw[kh
”kehu osQ fo'kky fgLlksa ls igkfM+;ksa okys bykosQ & tgk¡ ml rjg dh
[ksrh ugha gks ldrh Fkh tSlh fd ”;knk mitkmQ ”kehuksa ijA blosQ
vykok] Hkw[kaM dk ,d cgqr cM+k fgLlk taxyksa ls f?kjk FkkA tc ge

Rationalised 2023-24
 197
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;

o`Qf"k lekt dh ckr djrs gSa rc gesa bu HkkSxksfyd fofoèkrkvksa dk

[+;ky j[kuk pkfg,A
1-1 Ïksrksa dh ryk'k
pw¡fd fdlku vius ckjs eas [kqn ugha fy[kk djrs Fks blfy, xzkeh.k
lekt osQ fØ;kdykiksa dh tkudkjh gesa mu yksxksa ls ugha feyrh tks
[ksrksa esa dke djrs FksA urhtru] lksygoha vkSj l=kgoha lfn;ksa osQ
o`Qf"k bfrgkl dks le>us osQ fy, gekjs eq[; Ïksr os ,sfrgkfld xzaFk
o nLrkos”k gSa tks eqX+ky njckj dh fuxjkuh esa fy[ks x, Fks (nsf[k,
vè;k; 9)A
lcls egÙoiw.kZ ,sfrgkfld xzaFkksa esa ,d Fkk vkbu&,&vdcjh (la{ksi
esa vkbu] nsf[k, vuqHkkx 8) ftls vdcj osQ njckjh bfrgkldkj
vcqy i+Q”y us fy[kk FkkA [ksrksa oQh fu;fer tqrkbZ dh rlYyh djus
osQ fy,] jkT; osQ uqekbanksa }kjk djksa dh mxkghs osQ fy, vkSj jkT; o
xzkeh.k lÙkkiks'kkas ;kuh fd ”kehankjksa osQ chp osQ fj'rksa osQ fu;eu osQ
fy, tks bar”kke jkT; us fd, Fks] mldk ys[kk&tks[kk bl xazFk esa cM+h
lkoèkkuh ls is'k fd;k x;k gSA
vkbu dk eq[; mís'; vdcj osQ lezkT; dk ,d ,slk [kkdk is'k
djuk Fkk tgk¡ ,d e”kcwr lÙkkèkkjh oxZ lkekftd esy&tksy cuk dj
j[krk FkkA vkbu osQ ys[kd osQ eqrkfcd] eqX+ky jkT; osQ f[kykI+kQ dksbZ
cxkor ;k fdlh Hkh fdLe dh Lok;Ùk lÙkk dh nkosnkjh dk vliQy
gksuk igys gh r; FkkA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] fdlkuksa osQ ckjs esa tks oqQN gesa
vkbu ls irk pyrk gS og lÙkk osQ mQ¡ps xfy;kjksa dk u”kfj;k gSA
[kq'kfdLerh ls vkbu dh tkudkjh osQ lkFk&lkFk ge mu Ïksrksa dk
Hkh bLrseky dj ldrs gSa tks eqX+kyksa dh jktèkkuh ls nwj osQ bykdksa esa
fy[ks x, FksA buesa l=kgoha o vBkjgoha lfn;ksa osQ xqtjkr] egkjk"Vª
vkSj jktLFkku ls feyus okys os nLrkos”k 'kkfey gSa tks ljdkj dh
vkenuh dh foLr`r tkudkjh nsrs gSaA blosQ vykok] bZLV bafM;k daiuh
osQ cgqr lkjs nLrkos”k Hkh gSa tks iwohZ Hkkjr esa o`Qf"k&lacaèkksa dk mi;ksxh
[kkdk is'k djrs gSaA ;s lHkh Ïksr fdlkuksa] ”kehankjksa vkSj jkT; osQ chp
rus >xM+ksa dks ntZ djrs gSaA yxs gkFk] ;s Ïksr ;g le>us esa gekjh
enn djrs gSa fd fdlku jkT; dks fdl u”kfj;s ls ns[krs Fks vkSj jkT;
ls mUgsa oSQls U;k; dh mEehn FkhA
1-2 fdlku vkSj mudh ”kehu
eqX+ky dky osQ Hkkjrh;&i+Qkjlh Ïksr fdlku osQ fy, vkerkSj ij jS;r
(cgqopu] fjvk;k) ;k eq”kfj;ku 'kCn dk bLrseky djrs FksA lkFk gh]
gesa fdlku ;k vklkeh tSls 'kCn Hkh feyrs gSaA l=kgoha lnh osQ Ïksr

Rationalised 2023-24
198
Ïksr 1
fdlku cfLr;ksa dk cluk&mtM+uk
;g ¯gnqLrkuh o`Qf"k lekt dh ,d
[+kkfl;r Fkh vkSj bl [+kkfl;r us eqX+ky
'kkld ckcj dh rs”k fuxkgksa dks bruk
pkSadk;k fd mlus bls vius laLej.k
ckcjukek esa uksV fd;k%
¯gnqLrku esa cfLr;k¡ vkSj xk¡o] njvly
'kgj osQ 'kgj] ,d yegs esa gh ohjku
Hkh gks tkrs gSa vkSj cl Hkh tkrs gSaA o"kks±
ls vkckn fdlh cMs+ 'kgj osQ ck¯'kns mls
NksMd + j pys tkrs gS]a rks os ;s dke oqQN
bl rjg djrs gSa fd Ms<+ fnuksa osQ vanj
mudk gj ukeksfu'kku (ogk¡ ls) feV
tkrk gSA nwljh vksj] vxj os fdlh
txg ij cluk pkgrs gSa rks mUgsa ikuh
osQ jkLrs [kksnus dh ”k:jr ugha gksrh
D;ksafd muoQh lkjh i+Qlysa ckfj'k osQ
ikuh esa mxrh gSa] vkSj pw¡fd ¯gnqLrku
dh vkcknh cs'kqekj gS] yksx meM+rs pys
vkrs gSaA os ,d ljksoj ;k oqQvk¡ cuk
ysrs gSa_ mUgsa ?kj cukus ;k nhokj [kM+h
djus dh Hkh ”k:jr ugha gksrh--- [kl
oQh ?kkl cgqrk;kr esa ikbZ tkrh gSa]
taxy vikj gS]a >ksia fM+;k¡ cukbZ tkrh gS]a
vkSj ;dk;d ,d xk¡o ;k 'kgj [kM+k gks
tkrk gS!
Ü o`Qf"k thou osQ mu igyqvksa dk
fooj.k nhft, tks ckcj dks mÙkj
Hkkjr osQ bykosQ dh [+kkfl;r yxhA
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;
nks fdLe osQ fdlkuksa dh ppkZ djrs gSa & [kqn&dk'r o ikfg&dk'r A
igys fdLe osQ fdlku os Fks tks mUgha xk¡oksa esa jgrs Fks ftuesa mudh
”kehu FkhaA nwljs (ikfg&dk'r) os [ksfrgj Fks tks nwljs xk¡oksa ls BsosQ ij
[ksrh djus vkrs FksA yksx viuh e”khZ ls Hkh ikfg&dk'r curs Fks
(elyu] vxj djksa dh 'krs± fdlh nwljs xk¡o esa csgrj feysa)
vkSj etcwju Hkh (elyu] vdky ;k Hkq[kejh osQ ckn vk£Fkd
ijs'kkuh ls)A
mÙkj Hkkjr osQ ,d vkSlr fdlku osQ ikl 'kk;n gh dHkh ,d
tksM+h cSy vkSj nks gy ls ”;knk oqQN gksrk Fkk_ ”;knkrj osQ ikl blls
Hkh deA xqtjkr esa ftu fdlkuksa osQ ikl 6 ,dM+ osQ djhc ”kehu Fkh
os le`¼ ekus tkrs Fks_ nwljh rjI+kQ] caxky esa ,d vkSlr fdlku oQh
”kehu dh mQijh lhek 5 ,dM+ Fkh_ 10 ,dM+ ”kehu okys vklkeh dks
vehj le>k tkrk FkkA [ksrh O;fDRkxr fefYd;r osQ fl¼kar ij
vkèkkfjr FkhA fdlkuksa dh ”kehu mlh rjg [kjhnh vkSj csph tkrh Fkh
tSls nwljs laifÙk ekfydksa dhA
mUuhloha lnh osQ fnYyh&vkxjk bykosQ esa fdlkuksa dh fefYd;r
dk ;g fooj.k l=kgoha lnh ij Hkh mruk gh ykxw gksrk gS%
gy tksrus okys [ksfrgj fdlku gj ”kehu dh gnksa ij feV~Vh]
b±V vkSj dk¡Vksa ls igpku osQ fy, fu'kku yxkrs gSa] vkSj ”kehu
osQ ,sls g”kkjksa VqdMs+ fdlh Hkh xk¡o esa ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA
1-3 flapkbZ vkSj rduhd
”kehu dh cgqrk;r] etnwjksa dh ekStwnxh] vkSj fdlkuksa dh xfr'khyrk
dh otg ls o`Qf"k dk yxkrkj foLrkj gqvkA p¡wfd [ksrh dk izkFkfed
mís'; yksxksa dk isV Hkjuk Fkk] blfy, jks”kejkZ osQ [kkus dh t:jrsa tSls
pkoy] xsgw¡] Tokj bR;kfn I+kQlysa lcls ”;knk mxkbZ tkrh FkhaA ftu
bykdksa esa izfr o"kZ 40 bap ;k mlls ”;knk ckfj'k gksrh Fkh] ogk¡
dekscs'k pkoy dh [ksrh gksrh FkhA de vkSj derj ckfj'k okys
bykdksa esa Øe'k% xsgw¡ o Tokj&cktjs dh [ksrh ”;knk izpfyr FkhA
ekulwu Hkkjrh; o`Qf"k dh jh<+ Fkk] tSlk fd vkt Hkh gSA ysfdu
oqQN ,slh I+kQlysa Hkh Fkha ftuosQ fy, vfrfjDr ikuh dh ”k:jr FkhA
buosQ fy, ¯lpkbZ osQ o`Qf=ke mik; cukus iM+sA
Rationalised 2023-24
 199
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;
Ïksr 2
isM+ksa vkSj [ksrksa dh ¯lpkbZ

;g ckcjukek ls fy;k x;k ,d va'k gS tks ¯lpkbZ osQ mu midj.kksa osQ ckjs esa
crkrk gS tks bl ckn'kkg us mÙkj Hkkjr esa ns[ks%
¯gnqLrku osQ eqYd dk ”;knkrj fgLlk eSnkuh ”kehu ij clk gqvk gSA gkykafd ;gk¡
'kgj vkSj [ksrh yk;d ”kehu dh cgqrk;r gS] ysfdu dgha Hkh cgrs ikuh (dk
bar”kke) ugha--- os blfy,--- fd i+Qly mxkus ;k ckxkuksa osQ fy, ikuh dh fcyoqQy
”k:jr ugha gSA 'kjn ½rq oQh i+Qlysa ckfj'k osQ ikuh ls gh iSnk gks tkrh gSa_ vkSj
;s gSjkuxh dh ckr gS fd clar ½rq oQh i+Qlysa rks rc Hkh iSnk gks tkrh gSa tc ckfj'k Ü ¯lpkbZ osQ ftu lkèkuksa dk f”kØ
fcyoqQy gh ugha gksrhA (fiQj Hkh) NksVs isM+ksa rd ckyfV;ksa ;k jgV osQ ”kfj;s ikuh ckcj us fd;k gS mudh rqyuk fot;uxj
igq¡pk;k tkrk gS--- dh ¯lpkbZ (vè;k; 7) O;oLFkk ls
ykgkSj] nhikyiqj (nksuksa gh vkt osQ ikfdLrku es)a vkSj ,slh nwljh txgksa ij yksx dhft,A ¯lpkbZ dh bu nks u ks a
jgV osQ ”kfj;s ¯lpkbZ djrs gSaA os jLlh osQ nks xksykdkj I+kQans cukrs gSa tks oqQ,¡ dh vyx&vyx iz.kkfy;ksa esa fdl&fdl
xgjkbZ osQ eqrkfcd yacs gksrs gSaA bu i+Qanksa esa FkksM+h&FkksM+h nwjh ij os ydM+h osQ xqVosQ rjg osQ lalkèkuksa dh ”k:jr iM+rh
yxkrs gSa vkSj bu xqVdksa ij ?kMs+ ck¡èk nsrs gSaA ydM+h osQ xqVdksa vkSj ?kM+ksa ls c¡èkh gksxh\ buesa ls fdu&fdu iz.kkfy;ksa
bu jfLl;ksa dks oqQ,¡ osQ mQij ifg;ksa ls yVdk;k tkrk gSA ifg;s dh èkqjh ij ,d esa o`Qf"k rduhd essa lqèkkj osQ fy,
vkSj ifg;kA bl vafre ifg;s dks cSy osQ ”kfj;s ?kqek;k tkrk gS_ bl ifg;s osQ nk¡r fdlkuksa dh Hkkxsnkjh ”k:jh gksrh gksxh\
ikl osQ nwljs ifg;s osQ nk¡rksa dks tdM+ ysrs gSa vkSj bl rjg ?kM+ksa okyk ifg;k ?kweus
yxrk gSA ?kM+ksa ls tgk¡ ikuh fxjrk gS] ogk¡ ,d ladjk ukyk [kksn fn;k tkrk gS vkSj
bl rjhosQ ls gj txg ikuh igq¡pk;k tkrk gSA
vkxjk] pk¡noj vkSj c;kuk (vkt osQ mÙkj izns'k esa) esa vkSj ,sls vU; bykdksa
esa Hkh] yksxckx ckyfV;ksa ls flapkbZ djrs gSaA oqQ,¡ osQ fdukjs ij os ydM+h osQ dUus
xkM+ nsrs gSa] bu dUuksa osQ chp csyu fVdkrs gSa] ,d cM+h ckyVh esa jLlh ck¡èkrs gSa]
jLlh dks csyu ij yisVrs gSa vkSj blosQ nwljs Nksj dks cSy ls ck¡èk nsrs gSaA ,d 'k[+l fp=k 8-2
dks cSy gk¡duk iM+rk gS] nwljk ckyVh ls ikuh fudkyrk gSA jgV dh lajpuk

Rationalised 2023-24
200
rEckowQ dk izlkj
;g ikSèkk lcls igys nDdu igq¡pk
vkSj ogk¡ ls l=kgoha lnh osQ 'kq#vkrh
o"kks± esa bls mÙkj Hkkjr yk;k x;kA
vkbu mÙkj Hkkjr dh Ik+ Qlyksa dh lwph
esa rEckowQ dk f”kozQ ugha djrh gSA
vdcj vkSj mlosQ vfHktkrksa us 1604
bZ- esa igyh ckj rEckowQ ns[kkA ,slk
yxrk gS fd blh le; rEckowQ dk
èkweziku (gqDosQ ;k fpye esa) djus
dh yr us ”kksj idM+kA tgk¡xhj bl
cqjh vknr osQ iSQyus ls bruk ¯pfrr
gqvk fd mlus bl ij ikcanh yxk nhA
;g ikcanh iwjh rjg ls csvlj lkfcr
gqbZ D;ksafd ge tkurs gSa fd l=kgoha
lnh osQ var rd] rEckowQ iwjs Hkkjr esa
[ksrh] O;kikj vkSj mi;ksx dh eq[;
oLrqvksa esa ls ,d FkkA
o`Qf"k dh le`f¼ vkSj vkcknh
dh c<+krs jh
o`Qf"k mRiknu osQ ,sls fofoèk vkSj
yphys rjhO++kQksa dk ,d cM+k urhtk
;g fudyk fd vkcknh èkhj&èkhjs c<+us
yxhA vk£Fkd bfrgkldkjksa dh x.kuk
osQ eqrkfcd] le;&le; ij gksus okyh
Hkw[kejh vkSj egkekjh osQ ckotwn] 1600
ls 1700 osQ chp Hkkjr dh vkcknh
yxHkx 5 djksM+ c<+ xbZA 200 o"kks± esa
;g djhc&djhc 33 iQhlnh c<+ksrjh
FkhA
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;
¯lpkbZ dk;ks± dks jkT; dh enn Hkh feyrh FkhA elyu] mÙkj Hkkjr
esa jkT; us dbZ u;h ugjsa o ukys [kqnok, vkSj dbZ iqjkuh ugjksa dh
ejEer djokbZ] tSls fd 'kkgtgk¡ osQ 'kkludky osQ nkSjku iatkc esa
'kkg ugj A
oSls rks [ksrh esgurd'kh dk dke Fkk ysfdu fdlku ,slh rduhdksa
dk bLrseky Hkh djrs Fks tks vdlj i'kqcy ij vk/kfjr gksrh FkhaA
,slk ,d mnkgj.k ydM+h osQ ml gyosQ gy dk fn;k tk ldrk gS
ftldks ,d Nksj ij yksgs dh uqdhyh èkkj ;k iQky yxkdj vklkuh
ls cuk;k tk ldrk FkkA ,sls gy feêðh dks cgqr xgjs ugha [kksnrs Fks
ftlosQ dkj.k rs”k xehZ osQ eghuksa esa ueh cph jgrh FkhA cSyksa osQ tksM+s
osQ lgkjs [khaps tkus okys cjes dk bLrseky cht cksus osQ fy, fd;k
tkrk FkkA ysfdu chtksa dks gkFk ls fNM+d dj cksus dk fjokt ”;knk
izpfyr FkkA feêðh dh xqM+kbZ vkSj lkFk&lkFk fujkbZ osQ fy, ydM+h osQ
ewB okys yksgs osQ irys èkkj dke esa yk, tkrs FksA
1-4 Ik+ Qlyksa dh Hkjekj
ekSle osQ nks eq[; pØksa osQ nkSjku [ksrh dh tkrh Fkh% ,d [kjhIk+ Q
(ir>M+ esa) vkSj nwljh jch (olar esa )A ;kuh lw[ks bykdksa vkSj catj
”kehu dks NksM+ nsa rks ”;knkrj txgksa ij lky esa de ls de nks I+kQlysa
gksrh FkhaA tgk¡ ckfj'k ;k ¯lpkbZ osQ vU; lkèku gj oDr ekStwn Fks ogk¡
rks lky esa rhu I+kQlysa Hkh mxkbZ tkrh FkhaA bl otg ls iSnkokj esa
Hkkjh fofoèkrk ikbZ tkrh FkhA mnkgj.k osQ rkSj ij] vkbu gesa crkrh
gS fd nksuksa ekSle feykdj] eqX+ky izkar vkxjk esa 39 fdLe dh I+kQlysa
mxkbZ tkrh Fkha tcfd fnYyh izkar esa 43 I+kQlyksa dh iSnkokj gksrh FkhA
caxky esa fliZQ pkoy dh 50 fdLesa iSnk gksrh FkhaA
gkyk¡ fd nSfud vkgkj dh [ksrh ij ”;knk ”kksj fn;k tkrk Fkk exj
bldk eryc ;g ugha Fkk fd eè;dkyhu Hkkjr esa [ksrh flI+kZQ xq”kkjk
djus osQ fy, dh tkrh FkhA Ïksrksa esa gesa vdlj ftUl&,&dkfey
(loksÙZ ke I+kQlysa) TkSls yÝ+”k feyrs gSAaS eqX+ky jkT; Hkh fdlkuksa dks
,slh I+kQlyksa dh [ksrh djus osQ fy, c<+kok nsrk Fkk D;ksafd buls jkT;
dks ”;knk dj feyrk FkkA dikl vkSj xUus tSlh I+kQlysa csgrjhu
ftUl&,&dkfey FkhaA eè; Hkkjr vkSj nDduh iBkj esa iSQys gq, ”kehu
osQ cM+s&cMs+ VqdM+ ksa ij dikl mxkbZ tkrh Fkh] tcfd caxky viuh
phuh osQ fy, e'kgwj FkkA frygu (tSls ljlksa) vkSj nygu Hkh udnh
I+kQlyksa esa vkrh FkhaA blls irk pyrk gS fd ,d vkSlr fdlku dh
”kehu ij fdl rjg isV Hkjus osQ fy, gksus okys mRiknu vkSj O;kikj
osQ fy, fd, tkus okys mRiknu ,d nwljs ls tqMs+ gq, FksA
Rationalised 2023-24
 201
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;

l=kgoha lnh esa nqfu;k osQ vyx&vyx fgLlksa ls dbZ u;h Ik+ Qlysa
Hkkjrh; miegk}hi igq¡phaA elyu] eDdk Hkkjr esa vizQhdk vkSj LIksu Ü ppkZ dhft,---
osQ jkLrs vk;k vkSj l=kgoha lnh rd bldh fxurh if'pe Hkkjr dh bl vuqHkkx esa [ksrh lacaèkh ftu
fØ;kdykiksa vkSj rduhdksa dh ppkZ gqbZ
eq[; I+kQlyksa esa gksus yxhA VekVj] vkyw vkSj fepZ tSlh lfC”k;k¡ u;h
gS muesa ls dkSu&dkSu lh vè;k; 2 esa
nqfu;k ls ykbZ xb±A blh rjg vukukl vkSj iihrk tSls iQy ogha
o£.kr rduhdksa vkSj fØ;kdykiksa ls
ls vk,A
feyrh&tqyrh gSa vkSj dkSu dkSu lh
2- xzkeh.k leqnk; fHkUu gSa\
mQij fy[kh ckrksa ls ”kfgj gS fd o`Qf"k mRiknu esa fdlkuksa dh iqj”kksj
Hkkxhnkjh vkSj igy gksrh FkhA blls eqX+ky lekt osQ o`Qf"k lacaèkksa ij
D;k vlj iM+rk Fkk\ ;g irk djus osQ fy, vkb,] ge lekt osQ mu
lewgksa ij ,d u”kj Mkysa tks [ksrh osQ foLrkj esa 'kjhd gksrs FksA lkFk
gh ge muosQ chp osQ fj'rksa vkSj >xM+ksa ij Hkh xkSj djsaxsA
ge igys ns[k pqosQ gSa fd fdlku dh viuh ”kehu ij O;fDrxr
fefYd;r gksrh FkhA lkFk gh tgk¡ rd muosQ lkekftd vfLrRo dk
loky gS] dbZ ek;uksa esa os ,d lkewfgd xzkeh.k leqnk; dk fgLlk FksA fp=k 8-3
vkjafHkd mUuhloha 'krkCnh dk ,d fp=k
bl leqnk; osQ rhu ?kVd Fks & [ksfrgj fdlku] iapk;r vkSj xk¡o dk
ftlesa iatkc osQ ,d xk¡o dks fn[kk;k
eqf[k;k (eqO+kQíe ;k eaMy)A x;k gSA
2-1 tkfr vkSj xzkeh.k ekgkSy
tkfr vkSj vU; tkfr tSls HksnHkkoksa dh otg ls [ksfrgj fdlku dbZ Ü fp=k esa efgyk,¡ vkSj iq#"k D;k&D;k
djrs fn[kk, x, gSa\ xk¡o dh okLrqdyk
rjg osQ lewgksa esa c¡Vs FksA [ksrksa dh tqrkbZ djus okyksa esa ,d cM+h
dk Hkh o.kZu dhft,A
rknkn ,sls yksxksa dh Fkh tks uhp le>s tkus okys dkeksa esa yxs Fks] ;k
fiQj [ksrksa esa e”knwjh djrs FksA
gkyk¡fd [ksrh yk;d ”kehu dh
deh ugha Fkh] fiQj Hkh oqQN tkfr
osQ yksxksa dks fliZQ uhp le>s tkus
okys dke gh fn, tkrs FksA bl
rjg os X+kjhc jgus osQ fy, etcwj
FksA tux.kuk rks ml oDr ugha
gksrh Fkh] ij tks FkksM+s cgqr vk¡dM+s
vkSj rF; gekjs ikl gSa muls irk
pyrk gS fd xk¡o dh vkcknh dk
cgqr cM+k fgLlk ,sls gh lewgksa dk
FkkA buosQ ikl lalkèku lcls de
Fks vkSj ;s tkfr O;oLFkk dh ikcafn;ksa
ls c¡èks FksA budh gkyr deksc's k

Rationalised 2023-24
202
Hkz"V eaMy
eaMy vdlj vius vksgns dk X+kyr
bLrseky djrs FksA eq[;r% mu ij ;s
vkjksi Fkk fd os iVokjh osQ lkFk
feydj fglkc&fdrkc esa gsjk&isQjh
djrs Fks] vkSj ;g Hkh fd os viuh
”kehu ij dj dk vkdyu de djosQ]
vfrfjDRk cks> NksVs fdlkuksa ij Mky
nsrs FksA
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;
oSlh gh Fkh tSlh fd vkèkqfud Hkkjr esa nfyrksa dhA nwljs lainz k;ksa esa Hkh
,sls HksnHkko iSQYkus yxs FksA eqlyeku leqnk;ksa esa gyky[+kksjku tSls ^uhp*
dkeksa ls tqM+s lewg xk¡o dh gnksa osQ ckgj gh jg ldrs Fks_ blh rjg
fcgkj esa eYykg”kknkvksa ('kkfCnd vFkZ] ukfodksa osQ iq=k)] dh rqyuk
nklksa ls dh tk ldrh FkhA
lekt osQ fupys rcdksa esa tkfr] xjhch vkSj lkekftd gSfl;r osQ
chp lhèkk fj'rk FkkA ,slk chp osQ lewgksa esa ugha FkkA l=kgoha lnh esa
ekjokM+ esa fy[kh xbZ ,d fdrkc jktiwrksa dh ppkZ fdlkuksa osQ :i esa
djrh gSA bl fdrkc osQ eqrkfcd tkV Hkh fdlku Fks ysfdu tkfr
O;oLFkk esa mudh txg jktiwrksa osQ eqO+kQkcys uhph FkhA l=kgoha lnh
esa jktiwr gksus dk nkok oànkou (mÙkj izns'k) osQ bykosQ esa xkSjo
leqnk; us Hkh fd;k] ckotwn blosQ fd os ”kehu dh tqrkbZ osQ dke
esa yxs FksA i'kqikyu vkSj ckxckuh esa c<+rs equkI+ksQ dh otg ls vghj]
xqTtj vkSj ekyh tSlh tkfr;k¡ lkekftd lh<+h esa mQij mBhaA iwohZ
bykdksa esa] i'kqikyd vkSj eNqvkjh tkfr;k¡] tSls lnxksi o oSQorZ Hkh
fdlkuksa dh lh lkekftd fLFkfr ikus yxhaA
2-2 iapk;rsa vkSj eqf[k;k
xk¡o dh iapk;r esa cq”kqxks± dk tekoM+k gksrk FkkA vkerkSj ij os xk¡o osQ
egÙoiw.kZ yksx gqvk djrs Fks ftuosQ ikl viuh laifÙk osQ iq'rSuh
vfèkdkj gksrs FksA ftu xk¡oksa esa dbZ tkfr;ksa osQ yksx jgrs Fks] ogk¡ vdlj
iapk;r esa Hkh fofoèkrk ikbZ tkrh FkhA ;g ,d ,slk vYira=k Fkk ftlesa
xk¡o osQ vyx&vyx lainz k;ksa vkSj tkfr;ksa dh uqekbanxh gksrh FkhA fiQj
Hkh bldh laHkkouk de gh gS fd NksV&s eksVs vkSj ¶uhp¸ dke djus
okys [ksfrgj e”knwjksa osQ fy, blesa dksbZ txg gksrh gksxhA iapk;r dk
Ik+ QS lyk xk¡o esa lcdks ekuuk iM+rk FkkA
iapk;r dk ljnkj ,d eqf[k;k gksrk Fkk ftls eqO+kQíe ;k eaMy
dgrs FksA oqQN Ïksrksa ls ,slk yxrk gS fd eqf[k;k dk pquko xk¡o osQ
cq”kqxks± dh vke lgefr ls gksrk Fkk vkSj bl pquko osQ ckn mUgsa bldh
ea”kwjh ”kehankj ls ysuh iM+rh FkhA eqf[k;k vius vksgns ij rHkh rd
cuk jgrk Fkk tc rd xk¡o osQ cq”kqxks± dks ml ij Hkjkslk FkkA ,slk ugha
gksus ij cq”kqxZ mls c[k+kZLr dj ldrs FksA xk¡o osQ vkenuh o [kpsZ dk
fglkc&fdrkc viuh fuxjkuh esa cuokuk eqf[k;k dk eq[; dke Fkk
vkSj blesa iapk;r dk iVokjh mldh enn djrk FkkA
iapk;r dk [kpkZ xk¡o osQ ml vke [+ktkus ls pyrk Fkk ftlesa
gj O;fDr viuk ;ksxnku nsrk FkkA bl [+ktkus ls mu dj vfèkdkfj;ksa
dh [+kkfrjnkjh dk [+kpkZ Hkh fd;k tkrk Fkk tks le;&le; ij xk¡o
Rationalised 2023-24
 203
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;

dk nkSjk fd;k djrs FksA nwljh vksj] bl

dks"k dk bLrseky ck<+ tSlh izko`Qfrd
foinkvksa ls fuiVus osQ fy, Hkh gksrk
Fkk vkSj ,sls lkeqnkf;d dk;ks± osQ fy,
Hkh tks fdlku [kqn ugha dj ldrs
Fks] tSls fd fe^h osQ NksVs&eksVs ck¡èk
cukuk ;k ugj [kksnukA
iapk;r dk ,d cM+k dke ;g
rlYyh djuk Fkk fd xk¡o esa jgus okys
vyx&vyx leqnk;ksa osQ yksx viuh
tkfr dh gnksa osQ vanj jgaAsa iwohZ Hkkjr
esa lHkh 'kkfn;k¡ eaMy dh ekStnw xh esa
fp=k 8-4
gksrh FkhaA ;w¡ dgk tk ldrk gS fd ¶tkfr dh vogsyuk jksdus osQ izkjafHkd mUuhloha 'krkCnh dk fp=k ftlesa
fy,¸ yksxksa osQ vkpj.k ij u”kj j[kuk xk¡o osQ eqf[k;k dh f”kEesnkfj;ksa xk¡o osQ cq”kqxZ dj vf/dkfj;ksa ls fey
esa ls ,d FkkA jgs gSaA
iapk;rksa dks tqekZuk yxkus vkSj leqnk; ls fu"dkflr djus tSls
Ü fp=kdkj us xk¡o osQ cq”kqxks± vkSj dj
”;knk xaHkhj naM nsus osQ vfèkdkj FksA leqnk; ls ckgj fudkyuk vf/dkfj;ksa esa Ik+ QoZQ oSQls Mkyk gS\
,d dM+k dne Fkk tks ,d lhfer le; osQ fy, ykxw fd;k
tkrk FkkA blosQ rgr nafMr O;fDRk dks (fn, gq, le; osQ fy,)
xk¡o NksM+uk iM+rk FkkA bl nkSjku og viuh tkfr vkSj is'ks ls gkFk
èkks cSBrk FkkA ,slh uhfr;ksa dk edln tkfrxr fjoktksa dh vogsyuk
jksduk FkkA
xzke iapk;r osQ vykok xk¡o esa gj tkfr dh viuh iapk;r
gksrh FkhA lekt esa ;s iapk;rsa dkI+kQh rkdroj gksrh FkhaA jktLFkku
esa tkfr iapk;rsa vyx&vyx tkfr;ksa osQ yksxksa osQ chp nhokuh osQ
>xM+ksa dk fuiVkjk djrh FkhaA os ”kehu ls tqM+s nkosnkfj;ksa osQ >xM+s
lqy>krh Fkha_ ;g r; djrh Fkha fd 'kkfn;k¡ tkfrxr ekunaMksa osQ
eqrkfcd gks jgh gSa ;k ugha] vkSj ;g Hkh fd xk¡o osQ vk;kstu esa
fdldks fdlosQ mQij rjthg nh tk,xhA deZdkaMh; opZLo fdl
Øe esa gksxkA I+kQkStnkjh U;k; dks NksM+ nsa rks ”;knkrj ekeyksa esa
jkT; tkfr iapk;r osQ I+kSQlyksa dks ekurk FkkA
if'pe Hkkjr µ [+kkldj jktLFkku vkSj egkjk"Vª tSls izkarksaµ osQ
ladfyr nLrkos”kksa esa ,slh dbZ v£”k;k¡ gSa ftuesa iapk;r ls ¶mQ¡ph¸
tkfr;ksa ;k jkT; osQ vfèkdkfj;ksa osQ f[+kykI+kQ ”kcju dj mxkgh ;k
csxkj olwyh dh f'kdk;r dh xbZ gSA vkerkSj ij ;g v£”k;k¡
xzkeh.k leqnk; osQ lcls fupys rcosQ osQ yksx yxkrs FksA vdlj

Rationalised 2023-24
204 Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;

lkewfgd rkSj ij Hkh ,slh v£”k;k¡ nh tkrh FkhaA buesa fdlh tkfr
;k laiznk; fo'ks"k osQ yksx laHkzkar lewgksa oQh mu ek¡xksa osQ f[+kykI+kQ
viuk fojksèk trkrs Fks ftUgsa os uSfrd n`f"V ls voS/ ekurs FksA
muesa ,d Fkh cgqr ”;knk dj dh ek¡x D;ksafd blls fdlkuksa dk
fp=k 8-5 nSfud xq”kkjk gh tksf[ke esa iM+ tkrk Fkk] [+kkldj lw[ks ;k ,slh
diM+k mRiknu dks n'kkZrh l=kgoha 'krkCnh nwljh foinkvksa osQ nkSjkuA mudh u”kjksa esa ¯”knk jgus osQ fy,
dh ,d fp=kdkjh
U;wure cqfu;knh lkèku mudk ijaijkxr fjokth gO+kQ FkkA os le>rs
Ü fp=k esa n'kkZ;h xbZ xfrfof/;ksa dk Fks fd xzke iapk;r dks bldh lquokbZ djuh pkfg, vkSj ;g
o.kZu dhft,A lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, fd jkT; viuk uSfrd
I+kQ”kZ vnk djs vkSj U;k; djsA ¶fupyh tkfr¸
osQ fdlkuksa vkSj jkT; osQ vfèkdkfj;ksa ;k LFkkuh;
”kehankjksa osQ chp >xM+kas esa iapk;r osQ I+kSQlys
vyx&vyx ekeyksa esa vyx&vyx gks ldrs
FksA vR;fèkd dj dh ek¡xksa osQ ekeys esa iapk;r
vdlj le>kSrs dk lq>ko nsrh FkhA tgk¡
le>kSrs ugha gks ikrs Fks] ogk¡ fdlku fojksèk
osQ ”;knk mxz jkLrs viukrs Fks] tSls fd xk¡o
NksM+dj Hkkx tkukA tksrus yk;d [kkyh ”kehu
vis{kko`Qr vklkuh ls miyCèk Fkh tcfd Je
dks ysdj izfr;ksfxrk FkhA bl otg ls] xk¡o
NksM+dj Hkkx tkuk [ksfrgjksa osQ gkFk esa ,d
cM+k izHkkoh gfFk;kj FkkA
2-3 xzkeh.k nLrdkj
vyx&vyx rjg osQ mRiknu dk;Z esa tqVs yksxksa
osQ chp iSQys ysu&nsu osQ fj'rs xk¡o dk ,d vkSj
jkspd igyw FkkA vax”zs kh 'kklu osQ 'kq#vkrh Ok"kks± esa
fd, x, xk¡oksa osQ los{Z k.k vkSj ejkBkvksa osQ
nLrkos”k crkrs gSa fd xk¡oksa esa nLrdkj dkI+kQh
vPNh rknkn esa jgrs FksA dgha&dgha rks oqQYk ?kjksa
osQ 25 I+kQhlnh ?kj nLrdkjksa osQ FksA
dHkh&dHkh fdlkuksa vkSj nLrkdkjksa osQ chp
I+kQoZQ djuk eqf'dy gksrk Fkk D;ksfa d dbZ ,sls
lewg Fks tks nksuksa fdLe osQ dke djrs FksA
[ksfrgj vkSj mlosQ ifjokj osQ lnL; dbZ rjg
dh oLrqvksa osQ mRiknu esa f'kjdr djrs FksA

Rationalised 2023-24
 205
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;
elyuµj¡xjs”kh] diM+s ij NikbZ] fe^h osQ cjruksa dks idkuk] [ksrh
osQ vkS”kkjksa dks cukuk ;k mudh ejEer djukA mu eghuksa esa tc
muosQ ikl [ksrh osQ dke ls I+kqQjlr gksrhµtSls fd cqvkbZ vkSj lqgkbZ
osQ chp ;k lqgkbZ vkSj dVkbZ osQ chpµml le; ;s [ksfrgj nLrdkjh
dk dke djrs FksA
oqQEgkj] yksgkj] c<+b]Z ukbZ] ;gk¡ rd fd lqukj tSls xzkeh.k nLrdkj
Hkh viuh lsok,¡ xk¡o osQ yksxksa dks nsrs Fks ftlosQ cnys xk¡o okys
mUgsa vyx&vyx rjhO+kQksa ls mu lsokvksa dh vnk;xh djrs FksA
vkerkSj ij ;k rks mUgsa I+kQly dk ,d fgLlk ns fn;k tkrk Fkk ;k
fIkQj xk¡o dh ”kehu dk ,d VqdM+k] 'kk;n dksbZ ,slh ”kehu tks [ksrh
yk;d gksus osQ ckotwn csdkj iM+h FkhA vnk;xh dh lwjr D;k gksxh
;s 'kk;n iapk;r gh r; djrh FkhA egkjk"Vª esa ,slh ”kehu nLrdkjksa
dh ehjkl ;k oru cu xbZ ftl ij nLrdkjksa dk iq'rSuh vfèkdkj
gksrk FkkA
;gh O;oLFkk dHkh&dHkh FkksM+s cnys gq, :i esa Hkh ik;h tkrh Fkh
tgk¡ nLrdkj vkSj gjsd [ksfrgj ifjokj ijLij ckrphr djosQ vnk;xh
oQh fdlh ,d O;oLFkk ij jk”kh gksrs FksA ,sls esa vkerkSj ij oLrqvksa
vkSj lsokvksa dk fofue; gksrk FkkA mnkgj.k osQ rkSj ij] vBkjgoha
lnh osQ Ïksr crkrs gSa fd caxky esa ”kehankj mudh lsokvksa osQ cnys
yksgkjks]a c<+bZ vkSj lqukjksa rd dks ¶jks”k dk HkÙkk vkSj [kkus osQ fy,
udnh nsrs FksA¸ bl O;oLFkk dks ttekuh dgrs Fks] gkykafd ;g 'kCn
lksygoha o l=kgoha lnh esa cgqr bLrseky ugha gksrk FkkA ;s lcwr
e”ksnkj gSa D;ksfa d buls irk pyrk gS fd xk¡o osQ NksVs Lrj ij
I+ksQj&cny osQ fj'rs fdrus isphnk FksA ,slk ugha gS fd udn vnk;xh
dk pyu fcyoqQy gh unkjn FkkA
2-4 ,d ¶NksVk x.kjkT;¸\
xzkeh.k leqnk; dh vgfe;r dks ge oSQls le>sa\ mUuhloha lnh osQ
oqQN vaxzs”k vI+kQljksa us Hkkjrh; xk¡oksa dks ,d ,sls ¶NksVs x.kjkT;¸
osQ :i esa ns[kk tgk¡ yksx lkewfgd Lrj ij HkkbZpkjs osQ lkFk
lalkèkuksa vkSj Je dk c¡Vokjk djrs FksA ysfdu ,slk ugha yxrk fd
xk¡o esa lkekftd cjkcjh FkhA laifÙk dh O;fDRkxr fefYd;r gksrh
Fkh] lkFk gh tkfr vkSj tsaMj (lkekftd ¯yx) osQ uke ij lekt
esa xgjh fo"kerk,¡ FkhaA oqQN rkdroj yksx xk¡o osQ elyksa ij I+kSQlys
ysrs Fks vkSj de”kksj oxks± dk 'kks"k.k djrs FksA U;k; djus dk
vfèkdkj Hkh mUgha dks feyk gqvk FkkA
blls Hkh egÙoiw.kZ ckr ;g Fkh fd xk¡oksa vkSj 'kgjksa osQ chp gksus
okys O;kikj dh otg ls xk¡oksa esa Hkh udn osQ fj'rs IkSQy pqosQ FksA

Rationalised 2023-24
206
xk¡o esa eqnkz
l=kgoha lnh esa izQkalhlh ;k=kh ”;ka
cSfIVLV rSo£u;j dks ;g ckr mYys[kuh;
yxh fd ¶Hkkjr esa os xk¡o cgqr gh
NksVs dgs tk,¡xs ftuesa eqnzk dh IksQj
cny djus okys] ftUgsa ljkI+kQ dgrs gSa]
u gksaA ,d cSadj dh rjg ljkI +kQ gokyk
Hkqxrku djrs gSa (vkSj) viuh e”khZ osQ
eqrkfcd iSls osQ eqdkcys #i;s dh
dher c<+k nsrs gSa vkSj dkSfM+;ksa osQ
eqdkcys iSls dhA
fp=k 8-6
ljkI+kQ vius dke esa yxk gqvk gSA
fp=k 8-7
lwr dkrrh efgyk
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;
eqX+kyksa osQ osaQnzh; bykdksa esa dj dh x.kuk vkSj olwyh Hkh udn esa dh
tkrh FkhA tks nLrdkj fu;kZr osQ fy, mRiknu djrs Fks] mUgsa mudh
e”knwjh ;k iwoZ Hkqxrku Hkh udn esa gh feyrk FkkA blh rjg dikl]
js'ke ;k uhy tSlh O;kikfjd I+kQlysa iSnk djus okyksa dk Hkqxrku Hkh
udnh gh gksrk FkkA
Ü ppkZ dhft,---
bl vuqHkkx esa ftu iapk;rksa dk f”kØ fd;k x;k gS] os vkiosQ
eqrkfcd fdl rjg ls vkt oQh xzke iapk;rksa ls feyrh&tqyrh Fkha
vFkok fHkUu Fkha\
3- o`Qf"k lekt esa efgyk,¡
tSlk fd 'kk;n dbZ lektksa esa vkius xkSj fd;k gksxk] mRiknu dh
izfØ;k esa enZ vkSj efgyk,¡ [kkl fdLe dh Hkwfedk,¡ vnk djrs gSaA
ftl lanHkZ esa ge ckr dj jgs gSa] ogk¡ efgyk,¡ vkSj enZ oaQèks ls oaQèkk
feykdj [ksrksa esa dke djrs FksA enZ [ksr tksrrs Fks o gy pykrs Fks
vkSj efgyk,¡ cqvkbZ] fujkbZ vkSj dVkbZ osQ lkFk&lkFk ioQh gqbZ I+kQly
dk nkuk fudkyus dk dke djrh FkhaA tc NksVh&NksVh xzkeh.k bdkb;ksa
dk vkSj fdlku dh O;fDrxr [ksrh dk fodkl gqvkµtks fd eè;dkyhu
Hkkjrh; o`Qf"k dh [+kkfl;r Fkhµrc ?kj&ifjokj osQ lalkèku vkSj Je]
mRiknu dh cqfu;kn cusA LokHkkfod rkSj ij] ,sls esa ¯yx cksèk osQ
vkèkkj ij vkerkSj ij fd;k tkus okyk I+kQoZQ (?kj osQ fy, efgyk,¡
vkSj ckgj osQ fy, enZ) eqefdu ugha FkkA fiQj Hkh efgykvksa oQh tSo
oSKkfud fØ;kvksa dks ysdj ykssxksa osQ eu esa iwokZxgz cus jgsA elyu
if'peh Hkkjr esa] jktLoyk efgykvksa dks gy ;k oqQEgkj dk pkd Nwus
dh btk”kr ugha Fkh_ blh rjg caxky esa vius ekfld&èkeZ osQ le;
efgyk,¡ iku osQ cxku esa ugha ?kql ldrh FkhaA
lwr dkrus] cjru cukus osQ fy, fe^h dks lkIk+ Q djus vkSj xw/ ¡ us]
vkSj diM+ksa ij d<+kbZ tSls nLrdkjh osQ dke mRiknu osQ ,sls igyw
Fks tks efgykvksa osQ Je ij fuHkZj FksA fdlh oLrq dk ftruk
okf.kT;hdj.k gksrk Fkk] mlosQ mRiknu osQ fy, efgykvksa osQ Je dh
mruh gh ek¡x gksrh FkhA njvly] fdlku vkSj nLrdkj efgyk,¡
”k:jr iM+us ij u flI+kZQ [ksrksa esa dke djrh Fkha cfYd fu;ksDrkvksa osQ
?kjksa ij Hkh tkrh Fkha vkSj ck”kkjksa esa HkhA
Rationalised 2023-24
 207
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;

pwf¡ d lekt Je ij fuHkZj Fkk] blfy, cPps iSnk djus dh viuh

O+kQkfcfy;r dh otg ls efgykvksa dks egÙoiw.kZ lalkèku osQ :i esa
ns[kk tkrk FkkA fiQj Hkh 'kknh&'kqnk efgykvksa dh deh Fkh D;ksfa d
oqQiks"k.k] ckj&ckj ek¡ cuus vkSj izlo osQ oD+r ekSr dh otg ls
efgykvksa esa e`R;qnj cgqr ”;knk FkkA blls fdlku vkSj nLrdkj lekt
esa ,sls lkekftd fjokt iSnk gq, tks laHkzkra lewgksa ls cgqr vyx FksA
dbZ xzkeh.k lainz k;ksa esa 'kknh osQ fy, ^^nqygu dh dher** vnk djus
dh ”k:jr gksrh Fkh] u fd ngst dhA rykd'kqnk efgyk,¡ vkSj
foèkok,¡ nksuksa gh dkuwuu 'kknh dj ldrh FkhaA
efgykvksa dh iztuu 'kfDr dks bruh vgfe;r nh tkrh Fkh fd ml
ij dkcw [kksus dk cM+k Mj FkkA LFkkfir fjoktksa osQ eqrkfcd ?kj dk
eqf[k;k enZ gksrk FkkA bl rjg efgyk ij ifjokj vkSj leqnk; osQ enks±
}kjk iqj”kksj dkcw j[kk tkrk FkkA csoIk+ QkbZ osQ 'kd ij gh efgykvksa dks
Hk;kud naM fn, tk ldrs FksA
jktLFkku] xqtjkr vkSj egkjk"Vª vkfn if'peh Hkkjr osQ bykdksa ls
feys nLrkos”kksa esa ,slh nj[okLr feyh gSa tks efgykvksa us U;k; vkSj
eqvko”ks dh mEehn ls xzke iapk;r dks Hksth FkhaA ifRu;k¡ vius ifr;ksa
dh csoIk+ QkbZ dk fojksèk djrh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa ;k fiQj x`gLFkh osQ enZ fp=k 8-8 (d)
ij ;s vkjksi yxkrha fd os iRuh vkSj cPpksa dh vuns[kh djrk gSA I+kQrsgiqj lhdjh dk fuekZ.kA
enks± dh csoI+kQkbZ ges'kk nafMr ugha gksrh Fkh_ ysfdu jkT; vkSj ^^Å¡ph** efgyk,¡ iRFkj rksM+ jgh gSaA
tkfr osQ yksx vdlj ;s lquf'pr djus dh dksf'k'k djrs fd ifjokj
osQ Hkj.k&iks"k.k dk bar”kke gks tk,A ”;knkrj] tc efgyk,¡ iapk;r dks
nj[okLr nsrha] muosQ uke nLrkos”kksa esa ntZ ugha fd, tkrs% nj[okLr
djus okyh dk gokyk x`gLFkh osQ enZ @ eqf[k;k dh ek¡] cgu ;k iRuh
osQ :i esa fn;k tkrk FkkA
Hkwfegj Hknztuksa esa efgykvksa dks iq'rSuh laifÙk dk go+Q feyk gqvk
FkkA iatkc ls ,sls mnkgj.k feyrs gSa tgk¡ efgyk,¡ (foèkok efgyk,¡
Hkh) iq'rSuh laifÙk osQ foozsQrk osQ :i esa xzkeh.k ”kehu osQ ck”kkj esa
lfozQ; fgLlsnkjh j[krh FkhaA fganw vkSj eqlyeku efgykvksa dks ”kehankjh
mÙkjkf/dkj esa feyrh Fkh ftls cspus vFkok fxjoh j[kus osQ fy, os
Lora=k FkhaA caxky esa Hkh efgyk ”kehankj ikbZ tkrh FkhaA vBkjgoha lnh
oQh lcls cM+h vkSj e'kgwj ”kehankfj;ksa esa ls ,d Fkh jkt'kkgh dh
”kehankjh ftldh drkZ&èkrkZ ,d L=kh FkhA
fp=k 8-8 ([k)
Ü ppkZ dhft,--- cks>k <ksrh efgyk,¡ A
D;k vkiosQ izkar esa Ñf"k Hkwfe ij efgykvksa vkSj enks± dh igq¡p esa vkl&ikl osQ nwljs xk¡oksa ls vkus okyh efgyk,¡
dksbZ I+kQoZQ gS\ vdlj ,sls fuekZ.k&LFkyksa ij dke djrh FkhaA

Rationalised 2023-24
208
fp=k 8-9
uhyxk; dk f'kdkj djrs gq, 'kkgtgk¡ dk
fp=k (ckn'kkgukek ls)
Ü vki bl fp=k esa tks ns[krs gSa mldk
o.kZu dhft,A blesa ,slk dkSu lk lkaosQfrd
rRo gS tks f'kdkj vkSj ,d vkn'kZ U;k;
O;oLFkk dks tksM+rk gS\
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;
4 taxy vkSj dchys
4-1 cls gq, xk¡oksa osQ ijs
xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa] cls gq, yksxksa dh [ksrh osQ vykok Hkh cgqr oqQN FkkA mÙkj
vkSj mÙkj&if'peh Hkkjr dh xgjh [ksrh okys izns'kksa dks NksM+ nsa rks ”kehu
osQ fo'kky fgLls taxy ;k >kfM+;ksa ([kjcanh) ls f?kjs FksA ,sls bykosQ
>kj[kaM lfgr iwjs iwohZ Hkkjr] eè; Hkkjr] mÙkjh {ks=k (ftlesa Hkkjr&usiky
osQ lhekorhZ bykosQ dh rjkbZ 'kkfey gSa)] nf{k.kh Hkkjr dk if'peh ?kkV
vkSj nDdu osQ iBkjksa esa IkSQys gq, FksA gkyk¡fd bl dky esa vf[ky Hkkjrh;
Lrj ij taxyksa osQ IkSQyko dk vkSlr fudkyuk yxHkx vlaHko gS]
fiQj Hkh lelkef;d lzksrksa ls feyh tkudkjh osQ vkèkkj ij ;s vank”kk
yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd ;g vkSlr djhc&djhc 40 I+kQhlnh FkkA
lelkef;d jpuk,¡ taxy esa jgus okyksa osQ fy, taxyh 'kCn dk
bLrseky djrh gSA ysfdu taxyh gksus dk eryc
lH;rk dk u gksuk fcyoqQy ugha Fkk] oSls vktdy
bl 'kCn dk izpfyr vFkZ ;gh gSA mu fnuksa bl 'kCn
dk bLrseky ,sls yksxksa osQ fy, gksrk Fkk ftudk xq”kkjk
taxy osQ mRiknksa] f'kdkj vkSj LFkkukarjh; [ksrh ls
gksrk FkkA ;s dke ekSle osQ eqrkfcd gksrs FksA mnkgj.k
osQ rkSj ij Hkhyksa esa] clar osQ ekSle esa taxy osQ
mRikn bd_k fd, tkrs] xfeZ;ksa esa eNyh idM+h
tkrh] ekulwu osQ eghuksa es [ksrh dh tkrh] vkSj 'kjn
o tkM+s osQ eghuksa esa f'kdkj fd;k tkrk FkkA ;g
flyflyk yxkrkj xfr'khyrk dh cqfu;kn ij [kM+k
Fkk vkSj bl cqfu;kn dks e”kcwr Hkh djrk FkkA
yxkrkj ,d txg ls nwljh txg ?kwers jguk bu
taxyksa esa jgus okys dchyksa dh ,d [kkfl;r FkhA
tgk¡ rd jkT; dk loky gS] mlosQ fy, taxy
myV isQj okyk bykdk Fkk % cnek'kksa dks 'kj.k nsus
okyk vak (eokl)A ,d ckj fiQj ge ckcj dh
vksj ns[krs gSa tks dgrk gS fd taxy ,d ,slk
j{kkdop Fkk ¶ftlosQ ihNs ijXk+ uk osQ yksx dMs+ fonzkgs h
gks tkrs Fks vkSj dj vnk djus ls eqdj tkrs FksA¸
4-2 taxyksa esa ?kqliSB
taxy esa ckgjh rkdrsa dbZ rjg ls ?kqlrh Fkha] elyu]
jkT; dks lsuk osQ fy, gkfFk;ksa dh t:jr gksrh FkhA
blfy,] taxyokfl;ksa ls yh tkus okyh is'kd'k esa
vdlj gkFkh Hkh 'kkfey gksrs FksA
Rationalised 2023-24
 209
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;

eqX+ky jktuhfrd fopkjèkkjk esa] xjhcksa vkSj vehjksa lfgr lcosQ ijxuk eqX+ky izkarksa esa ,d iz'kklfud
lkFk tqMr+ s gq, jkT; osQ xgjs ljksdkj dk ,d y{k.k Fkkµf'kdkj vfHk;kuA izeaMy FkkA
njckjh bfrgkldkjksa dh ekusa] rks f'kdkj vfHk;ku osQ uke ij ckn'kkg
vius fo'kky lkezkT; osQ dksus&dksus dk nkSjk djrk Fkk vkSj bl rjg
vyx&vyx bykdksa osQ yksxksa dh leL;kvksa vkSj f'kdk;rksa ij
O;fDrxr :i ls xkSj djrk FkkA njckjh dykdkjksa osQ fp=kksa esa f'kdkj is'kd'k eqX+ky jkT; osQ }kjk yh tkus okyh
dk fo"k; ckj&ckj vkrk FkkA bu fp=kksa esa fp=kdkj vdlj NksVk&lk ,d rjg dh HksaV FkhA
,d ,slk n`'; Mky nsrs Fks tks ln~Hkkoukiw.kZ 'kklu dk laosQr nsrk FkkA

lzksr 3

Ñf"k cfLr;ksa osQ fy, taxyksa dk lIk+ Qk;k

;g lksygoha lnh esa eqoaqQnjke pØorhZ dh fy[kh ,d caxkyh dfork
paMheaxy dk ,d va'k gSA dfork osQ uk;d] dkyosQrq us taxy [kkyh
djok osQ] ,d lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk dh %
[+kcj feyrs gh] ijnslh vkus yxs reke txgksa lsA
fiQj dkyosQrq us [+kjhn dj ck¡Vs muesa
Hkkjh Hkjde pkowQ] oqQYgkM+h] vkSj Hkkys&cjNsA
mÙkj ls vk, nkl
lSdM+ksa meM+rs gq,A
gq, pfdr ns[kdj dkyosQrq dks
ftlus nh lqikjh ,d&,d dksA
nfD[ku ls vk, I+kQly dVkbZ okys
,d m|eh osQ lkFk ik¡p lkSA
if'pe ls vk;k ”kI+kQj fe;k¡
lkFk esa ckbZl g”kkj yksxA
gkFkksa esa lqysekuh eksrh dh ekyk
tirs gq, ihj vks iSX+kEcj dk ukeA
taxyksa dks gVkus osQ ckn
mUgksaus clk, ck”kkjA Ü ;g i|ka'k taxy esa ?kqliSB osQ dkSu ls
lSdM+ksa lSdM+ksa dh rknkn esa fcnslh :iksa dks mtkxj djrk gS\ blosQ lans'k dh
rqyuk fp=k 8-9 esa fn;s x, y?kq fp=k ls
taxyksa dks (tSls) [kk fy,] vkSj ?kql vk, ogk¡A dhft,A taxy esa jgus okys yksxksa osQ
oqQYgkfM+;ksa dh vkok”k lqudj vuqlkj ia|k'k esa fdUgsa ¶fcnslh¸ crk;k
'ksj Mj x, vkSj ngkM+rs gq, Hkkx fudysA x;k gS\

Rationalised 2023-24
210
Ü bl vuqPNsn esa ifjogu osQ dkSu ls
rjhO+kQksa dk f”kozQ fd;k x;k gS\ vkiosQ
eqrkfcd] budk bLrseky D;ksa fd;k tkrk
Fkk\ eSnkuksa ls tks lkeku igkM+ ys tk, tkrs
Fks] muesa ls gj ,d oLrq fdl dke esa ykbZ
tkrh gksxh] bldk [kqyklk dhft,A
fp=k 8-10
lwI+kQh xk;d dks lqurs gq, ,d fdlku vkSj
,d f'kdkjhA
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;
L=kksr 4
igkM+h dchyksa vkSj eSnkuksa
osQ chp O;kikj] yxHkx 1595
voèk lwcs (vkt osQ mÙkj izns'k dk fgLlk) osQ eSnkuh bykdksa vkSj
igkM+h dchyksa osQ chp gksus okys ysu&nsu osQ ckjs esa vcqy I+kQ”y us
oqQN bl rjg fy[kk gS%
mÙkj osQ igkM+ksa ls balkuksa] eksVs&eksVs ?kksM+ksa vkSj cdjksa dh ihB ij
ykndj cs'kqekj lkeku ys tk, tkrs gSa] tSls fd lksuk] rk¡ck] 'kh'kk]
dLrwjh] lqjkxk; (;kd) dh iw¡N] 'kgn] pqd (larjs osQ jl vkSj uhacw
osQ jl dks lkFk mckydj cuk;k tkus okyk ,d vEy)] vukj nkuk]
vnj[k] yach fepZ] ethB (ftlls yky jax cuk;k tkrk gS) dh tM+sa]
lqgkxk] ”knokj (gYnh tSlh ,d tM+)] ekse] mQuh diM+s] ydM+h osQ
lkeku] phy] ck”k] dkys ck”k] efyZu (ck”k i{kh dh gh ,d
fdLe)] vkSj vU; oLrq,¡A blosQ cnys] os lI+ksQn vkSj jaxhu diM+s]
dg#ck (,d ihyk&Hkwjk èkkrq ftlls xgus cuk, tkrs Fks)] ued]
ghax] xgus vkSj 'kh'ks o fe^h osQ cjru okfil ys tkrs gSaA
okf.kfT;d [ksrh dk vlj] ckgjh dkjd osQ :i es]a taxyokfl;ksa dh
¯”knxh ij Hkh iM+rk FkkA taxy osQ mRiknµtSls 'kgn] eèkqekse vkSj ykd
dh cgqr ek¡x FkhA ykd tSlh oqQN oLrq,¡ rks l=kgoha lnh esa Hkkjr ls leqnz
ikj gksus okys fu;kZr dh eq[; oLrq,¡ FkhaA gkFkh Hkh idM+s vkSj csps tkrs
FksA O;kikj osQ rgr oLrqvksa dh vnyk&cnyh Hkh gksrh FkhA oqQN dchys
Hkkjr vkSj vI+kQX+kkfuLrku osQ chp gksus okys ”kehuh O;kikj esa yxs Fks] tSls
iatkc dk yksgkuh dchykA os iatkc osQ xk¡oksa vkSj 'kgjksa osQ chp gksus okys
O;kikj esa Hkh f'kjdr djrs FksA
lkekftd dkj.kksa ls Hkh taxyokfl;ksa osQ thou esa cnyko vk,A
dchyksa osQ Hkh ljnkj gksrs Fks] cgqr oqQN xzkeh.k leqnk; osQ ^^cM+s
vknfe;ks*a * dh rjgA dbZ dchyksa osQ ljnkj ”kehankj cu x,- oqQN rks jktk
Hkh gks x;sA ,sls esa mUgsa lsuk [kM+h djus dh ”k:jr gqbAZ mUgksua s vius gh
[kkunku osQ yksxksa dks lsuk esa HkrhZ fd;k_ ;k fiQj vius gh HkkbZ&caèkqvksa ls
lSU; lsok dh ek¡x dhA ¯lèk bykosQ oQh dchykbZ lsukvksa esa 6000
?kqMl
+ okj vkSj 7000 iSny flikgh gksrs FksA vle es]a vgkse jktkvksa osQ
vius ik;d gksrs FksA ;s os yksx Fks ftUgsa ”kehu osQ cnys lSfud lsok nsuh
iM+rh FkhA vgkse jktkvksa us taxyh gkFkh idM+us ij vius ,dkfèkdkj dk
,syku Hkh dj j[kk FkkA
gkyk¡fd dchykbZ O;oLFkk ls jktrkaf=kd iz.kkyh dh rjI+kQ laoQz e.k cgqr
igys gh 'kq: gks pqdk Fkk] ysfdu ,slk yxrk gS fd lksygoha lnh esa
Rationalised 2023-24
 211
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;

vkdj gh ;g izfozQ;k iwjh rjg fodflr gqbAZ bldh tkudkjh gesa

mÙkj&iwohZ bykdksa esa dchykbZ jkT;ksa osQ ckjs esa vkbu dh ckrksa ls feyrh Ü ppkZ dhft,---
gSA mnkgj.k osQ rkSj ij] lksygoha&l=kgoha lnh esa oQksp jktkvksa us iM+kls h irk dhft, fd vkiosQ izkar esa fdu {ks=kksa
dchyksa osQ lkFk ,d osQ ckn ,d ;q¼ fd;k vkSj mu ij viuk dC”kk dks vktdy taxy okys bykosQ osQ :i
tek fy;kA esa igpkuk tkrk gS\ D;k bu bykdksa esa
taxy osQ bykdksa esa u, lakLo`Qfrd izHkkoksa osQ foLrkj dh Hkh vkt ¯”knfx;k¡ cny jgh gSa\ bu cnykoksa
'kq#vkr gqbZA oqQN bfrgkldkjksa us rks njvly ;g Hkh lq>k;k gS fd dh otgsa ogh gSa ftudk f”kozQ geus bl
u, cls bykdksa osQ [ksfrgj leqnk;ksa us ftl rjg èkhjs&èkhjs bLyke dks vuqHkkx esa fd;k gS ;k muls vyx\
viuk;k mlesa lwI+kQh larksa (ihj) us ,d cM+h Hkwfedk vnk dh Fkh
(vè;k; 6 Hkh nsf[k,)A

5- ”kehankj
eqX+ky Hkkjr esa o`Qf"k lacaèkksa dh gekjh nkLrku rc rd vèkwjh jgsxh tc
rd xk¡oksa esa jgus okys ,d ,sls rcosQ dh ckr u dj ysa ftudh
dekbZ rks [ksrh ls vkrh Fkh ysfdu tks o`Qf"k mRiknu esa lhèks fgLlsnkjh
ugha djrs FksA ;s ”kehankj Fks tks viuh ”kehu osQ ekfyd gksrs Fks vkSj
ftUgsa xzkeh.k lekt esa Å¡ph gSfl;r dh otg ls oqQN [kkl lkekftd
vkSj vkfFkZd lqfoèkk,¡ feyh gqbZ FkhaA ”kehankjksa dh c<+h gqbZ gSfl;r osQ
ihNs ,d dkj.k tkfr Fkk_ nwljk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd os yksx jkT; dks
oqQN [kkl fdLe dh lsok,¡ (f[+kner) nsrs FksA
”kehankjksa dh le`f¼ dh otg Fkh mudh foLr`r O;fDrxr ”kehuA
bUgsa fefYd;r dgrs Fks] ;kuh laifÙkA fefYd;r ”kehu ij ”kehankj osQ
futh bLrseky osQ fy, [ksrh gksrh FkhA vdlj bu ”kehuksa ij fngkM+h
osQ e”knwj ;k ijk/hu e”knwj dke djrs FksA ”kehankj viuh e”khZ osQ
eqrkfcd bu ”kehauksa dks csp ldrs Fks] fdlh vkSj osQ uke dj ldrs
Fks ;k mUgsa fxjoh j[k ldrs FksA
”kehankjksa dh rkdr bl ckr ls Hkh vkrh Fkh fd os vdlj jkT;
dh vksj ls dj olwy dj ldrs FksA blosQ cnys mUgsa foÙkh;
eqvko”kk feyrk FkkA lSfud lalkèku mudh rkdr dk ,d vkSj ”kfj;k
FkkA ”;knkrj ”kehankjksa osQ ikl vius fdys Hkh Fks vkSj viuh lSfud
VqdfM+;k¡ Hkh ftlesa ?kqM+lokjksa] rksi[kkus vkSj iSny flikfg;ksa osQ tRFks
gksrs FksA
bl rjg] vxj ge eqX+kydkyhu xk¡oksa esa lkekftd lacaèkksa dh
dYiuk ,d fijkfeM osQ :i esa djsa] rks ”kehankj blosQ ladjs 'kh"kZ dk

Rationalised 2023-24
212
,d lekarj lSfud cy!
vkbu osQ eqrkfcd] eqX+ky Hkkjr esa
”kehankjksa dh feyh&tqyh lSfud 'kfDr
bl izdkj Fkh % 384]558 ?kqM+lokj_
4]277]057 iSny_ 1863 gkFkh_ 4260
rksi_ vkSj 4]500 ukoA
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;
fgLlk FksA vcqy I+kQ”y bl vksj b'kkjk djrk gS fd ¶Å¡ph tkfr¸ osQ
czkã.k&jktiwr xBcaèku us xzkeh.k lekt ij igys gh viuk Bksl
fu;a=k.k cuk j[kk FkkA blesa rFkkdfFkr eè;e tkfr;ksa dh Hkh [+kklh
uqekbanxh Fkh tSlk fd geus igys ns[kk gS] vkSj blh rjg oQbZ
eqlyeku ”kehankjksa dh HkhA
lelkef;d nLrkos”kksa ls ,slk yxrk gS fd tax esa thr ”kehankjksa
dh mRifÙk dk laHkkfor lzksr jgk gksxkA vdlj] ”kehankjh iSQykus dk
,d rjho+Qk Fkk rkdroj lSfud ljnkjksa }kjk de”kksj yksxksa dks csn[ky
djukA exj bldh laHkkouk de gh gS fd fdlh ”kehankj dks brus
vkØked #[k dh btk”kr jkT; nsrk gks tc rd fd ,d jkT;kns'k
(lun) osQ ”kfj;s bldh iqf"V igys gh ugha dj nh xbZ gksA
blls Hkh egÙoiw.kZ Fkh ”kehankjh dks iq[rk djus dh èkheh izfozQ;kA
lzksrksa esa blosQ nLrkos”k Hkh 'kkfey gSaA ;s dbZ rjho+sQ ls fd;k tk
ldrk Fkk% u;h ”kehuksa dks clkdj (taxy&ckjh)] vfèkdkjksa osQ
gLrkarj.k osQ ”kfj;s] jkT; osQ vkns'k ls] ;k fiQj [kjhn djA ;gh os
izfozQ;k,¡ Fkha ftuosQ ”kfj;s vis{kko`Qr ^^fupyh** tkfr;ksa osQ yksx Hkh
”kehankjksa osQ ntsZ esa nkf[ky gks ldrs Fks] D;ksafd bl dky esa ”kehankjh
èkM+Yys ls [kjhnh vkSj csph tkrh FkhA
dbZ dkj.kksa us feydj ifjokj ;k oa'k ij vkèkkfjr ”kehankfj;ksa dks
iq[rk gksus dk ekSdk fn;kA elyu] jktiwrksa vkSj tkVksa us ,slh j.kuhfr
viukdj mÙkj Hkkjr esa ”kehu dh cM+h&cM+h if^;ksa ij viuk fu;a=k.k
iq [ rk fd;kA blh rjg eè; vkS j nf{k.k&if'pe ca x ky es a
fdlku&i'kqpkfj;ksa (tSls] lnxksi) us rkdroj ”kehankfj;k¡ [kM+h dhaA
”kehankjksa us [ksrh yk;d ”kehauksa dks clkus esa vxqvkbZ dh vkSj
[ksfrgjksa dks [ksrh osQ lktks&lkeku o mèkkj nsdj mUgsa ogk¡ clus esa Hkh
enn dhA ”kehankjh oQh [kjhn&I+kQjks[r ls xk¡oksa osQ ekSnzhdj.k dh
izfozQ;k esa rs”kh vkbZA blosQ vykok] ”kehankj viuh fefYd;r dh
”kehuksa oQh I+kQly Hkh csprs FksA ,sls lcwr gSa tks fn[kkrs gSa fd ”kehankj
vdlj ck”kkj (gkV) LFkkfir djrs Fks tgk¡ fdlku Hkh viuh Ik+ Qlysa
cspus vkrs FksA
gkyk¡fd blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd ”kehankj 'kks"k.k djus okyk rcdk
Fkk] ysfdu fdlkuksa ls muosQ fj'rksa esa ikjLifjdrk] iSr`dokn vkSj
laj{k.k dk iqV FkkA nks igyw bl ckr dh iqf"V djrs gSaA ,d rks ;s
fd HkfDr larksa us tgk¡ cM+h csckdh ls tkfrxr vkSj nwljh fdLeksa osQ
Rationalised 2023-24
 213
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;

vR;kpkjksa dh fuank dh (vè;k; 6 Hkh nsf[k,)] ogha mUgksaus ”kehankjksa

Ü ppkZ dhft,---
dks (;k fiQj] fnypLi ckr gS] lkgwdkjksa dks) fdlkuksa osQ 'kks"kd ;k
vk”kknh osQ ckn Hkkjr esa ”kehankjh O;oLFkk
mu ij vR;kpkj djus okys osQ :i esa ugha fn[kk;kA vkerkSj ij jkT;
[+kRe dj nh xbZA bl vuqHkkx dks if<+,
dk jktLo vfèkdkjh gh muosQ X+kqLls dk fu'kkuk cukA nwljs] l=kgoha vkSj mu dkj.kksa dh igpku dhft, ftudh
lnh esa Hkkjh la[;k esa o`Qf"k fonzksg gq, vkSj muesa jkT; osQ f[+kykIk+ Q otg ls ,slk fd;k x;kA
”kehankjksa dks vdlj fdlkuksa dk leFkZu feykA

6- Hkw&jktLo iz.kkyh
”kehu ls feyus okyk jktLo eqX+ky lkezkT; dh vkfFkZd cqfu;kn FkhA
bl dkj.k ls] o`Qf"k mRiknu ij fu;a=k.k j[kus osQ fy, vkSj rs”kh ls
iSQyrs lkezkT; osQ reke bykO+kQksa esa jktLo vkdyu o olwyh osQ fy,
;g ”k:jh Fkk fd jkT; ,d iz'kklfud ra=k [kM+k djsA nhoku] ftlosQ
nÝ+rj ij iwjs jkT; dh foÙkh; O;oLFkk osQ ns[k&js[k dh f”kEesnkjh Fkh]
bl ra=k esa 'kkfey FkkA bl rjg fglkc j[kus okys vkSj jktLo
vfèkdkjh [ksrh dh nqfu;k esa nkf[ky gq, vkSj o`Qf"k lacaèkksa dks 'kDy
nsus esa ,d fu.kkZ;d rkdr osQ :i esa mHkjsA
yksxksa ij dj dk cks> fuèkkZfjr djus ls igys eqX+ky jkT; us ”kehu
vkSj ml ij gksus okys mRiknu osQ ckjs esa [kkl fdLe dh lwpuk,¡
bd_k djus dh dksf'k'k dhA Hkw&jktLo osQ bar”kkekr esa nks pj.k Fks %
igyk] dj fuèkkZj.k vkSj nwljk] okLrfod olwyhA tek fuèkkZfjr jO+kQe
Fkh vkSj gkfly lpeqp olwyh xbZ jO+kQeA vehy&xq”kkj ;k jktLo
olwyh djus okys osQ dkeksa dh lwph esa vdcj us ;g gqDe fn;k fd
tgk¡ mls (vehy&xq”kkj dks) dksf'k'k djuh pkfg, fd [ksfrgj uO+kQn
Hkqxrku djs] ogha I+kQlyksa esa Hkqxrku dk fodYi Hkh [kqyk jgsA jktLo
fuèkkZfjr djrs le; jkT; viuk fgLlk ”;knk ls ”;knk j[kus dh
dksf'k'k djrk FkkA exj LFkkuh; gkykr dh otg ls dHkh&dHkh
lpeqp esa bruh olwyh dj ikuk laHko ugha gks ikrk FkkA
gj izkar esa tqrh gqbZ ”kehu vkSj tksrus yk;d ”kehu nksuksa dh uikbZ
dh xbZA vdcj osQ 'kklu dky esa vcqy I+kQ”y us vkbu esa ,slh
”kehauksa osQ lHkh vkadM+ksa dks ladfyr fd;kA mlosQ ckn osQ ckn'kkgksa
osQ 'kkludky esa Hkh ”kehu dh uikbZ osQ iz;kl tkjh jgsA elyu]
1665 bZ- esa] vkSjax”ksc us vius jktLo deZpkfj;ksa dks Li"V funsZ'k
fn;k fd gj xk¡o esa [ksfrgjksa dh la[;k dk lkykuk fglkc j[kk tk,
(lzksr 7)A blosQ ckotwn lHkh bykO+kQksa dh uikbZ liQyrkiwoZd ugha
gqbZA tSlkfd geus ns[kk gS] miegk}hi osQ dbZ cM+s fgLls taxyksa ls f?kjs
gq, Fks vkSj budh uikbZ ugha gqbAZ

Rationalised 2023-24
214 Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;
lzksr 5
vehu ,d eqykf”ke Fkk ftldh f”kEesokjh
;g lqfuf'pr djuk Fkk fd izkra ksa esa jktdh;
vdcj osQ 'kklu esa Hkwfe dk oxhZdj.k
fu;e dkuwuksa dk ikyu gks jgk gSA
vkbu esa oxhZdj.k osQ ekinaM dh fuEufyf[kr lwph nh xbZ gS%
vdcj ckn'kkg us viuh xgjh nwjnf'kZrk osQ lkFk ”kehauksa dk oxhZdj.k
fd;k vkSj gjsd (oxZ dh ”kehu) osQ fy, vyx&vyx jktLo fuèkkZfjr
fd;kA iksyt og ”kehu gS ftlesa ,d osQ ckn ,d gj I+kQly dh lkykuk
[ksrh gksrh gS vkSj ftls dHkh [kkyh ugha NksM+k tkrk gSA ijkSrh og ”kehu
gS ftl ij oqQN fnuksa osQ fy, [skrh jksd nh tkrh gS rkfd og viuh [kks;h
rkdr okil ik losQA ppj og ”kehu gS tks rhu ;k pkj o"kks± rd [kkyh
jgrh gSA catj og ”kehu gS ftl ij ik¡p ;k mlls ”;knk o"kks± ls [ksrh
Ü vius vèkhu bykO+kQksa esa ”kehu dk oxhZdj.k ugha dh xbZ gksA igys nks izdkj oQh ”kehu dh rhu fdLesa gSa] vPNh]
djrs oD+r eqX+ky jkT; us fdu fl¼karksa dk eè;e vkSj [kjkcA os gj fdLe dh ”kehu osQ mRikn dks tksM+ nsrs gSa] vkSj
ikyu fd;k\ jktLo fuèkkZj.k fdl izdkj bldk rhljk fgLlk eè;e mRikn ekuk tkrk gS] ftldk ,d&frgkbZ
fgLlk 'kkgh 'kqYd ekuk tkrk gSA
fd;k tkrk Fkk\

ekufp=k 1 lejdan
eqX+ky lkezkT; dk foLrkj cY[k
ckcj dk 'kklu 1530
Ü Hkw&jktLo dh olwyh ij lkezkT; osQ
vdcj dk 'kklu 1605
foLrkj dk D;k izHkko iM+k\ dkcqy
vkSjaxtsc dk 'kklu 1707
oaQ/kj
ykgkSj

ikuhir
fnYyh
vkxjk
vkEcsj
vtesj iVuk
jksgrkl
eulcnkjh O;oLFkk
eqX +ky iz'kklfud O;oLFkk osQ 'kh"kZ ij
,d lSfud&ukSdj'kkgh ra=k (eulcnkjh)
Fkk ftl ij jkT; osQ lSfud o ukxfjd
ekeyksa dh f”kEesnkjh FkhA oqQN eulcnkjksa
dks uO+kQnh Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk Fkk] tc xksok
vjc lkxj caxky dh [kkM+h
fd muesa ls ”;knkrj dks lkezkT; osQ
vyx&vyx fgLlksa esa jktLo osQ vkcaVu
os Q ”kfj;s Hkq x rku fd;k tkrk FkkA
le;&le; ij mudk rcknyk fd;k
tkrk FkkA vè;k; 9 nsf[k, A js[kkfp=k
iSekuk ugha fn;k x;k gSA

Rationalised 2023-24
 215
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;

lzksr 6 lzksr 7

uO+kQn ;k thUl \ tek

vkbu ls ;g ,d vkSj vuqPNsn gS% 1665 bZ- esa vius jktLo vfèkdkjh dks
vehy&xq”kkj flI+kZQ uO+kQn ysus dh vknr u Mkys cfYd I+kQly Hkh ysus osQ vkSjax”ksc osQ }kjk fn;s x, gqD+e dk ,d
fy, rS;kj jgsA ;g ckn okyk rjhO+kQk dbZ rjg ls dke esa yk;k tk ldrk va'k %
gSA igyk] d.koqQr% ¯gnh ”kqcku esa d.k dk eryc gS] vukt] vkSj oqQr]
vank”kk ------ vxj dksbZ 'kd gks] rks I+kQly dks rhu vyx&vyx iqfyanksa os ijxukvksa osQ vehuksa dks funsZ'k nsa fd os
esa dkVuk pkfg,µ vPNk] eè;e vkSj cnrj] vkSj bl rjg 'kd nwj gj xk¡o] gj fdlku (vklkehokj) osQ ckor
djuk pkfg,A vdlj vank”k ls fd;k x;k ”kehu dk vkdyu Hkh i;kZIr [ksrh osQ ekStwnk gkykr (ekStwnkr) irk djsa]
:i ls lgh urhtk nsrk gSA nwljk] cVkbZ ftls Hkkvksyh Hkh dgrs gSa (esa)] vkSj ckjhdh ls mudh tk¡p djus osQ ckn
I+kQly dkV dj tek dj ysrs gSa] vkSj fI+kQj lHkh i{kksa dh ekStwnxh esa o ljdkj osQ foÙkh; fgrksa (fdIk+ Qk;r) o fdlkuksa
j”kkeanh esa c¡Vokjk djrs gSaA ysfdu blesa dbZ le>nkj fujh{kdksa dh osQ dY;k.k dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, tek
”k:jr iM+rh gS_ oukZ nq"V&cqf¼ vkSj eDdkj èkks[ksck”kh dh uh;r j[krs fuèkkZfjr djsaA
gSaA rhljs] [ksr cVkbZ tc os cht cksus osQ ckn [ksr ck¡V ysrs gSaA pkSFks] yk¡x
cVkbZ_ I+kQly dkVus osQ ckn] os mldk <+sj cuk ysrs gSa vkSj fIkQj mls vius Üvkidh jk; esa ckn'kkg us
esa ck¡V ysrs gSa] vkSj gjsd (i{k) viuk fgLlk ?kj ys tkrk gS vkSj mlls foLr`r los{Z k.k ij D;ksa ”kksj fn;k\
equkI+kQk dekrk gSA

Ü jktLo fuèkkZj.k o olwyh oQh gjsd iz.kkyh esas [ksfrgjksa

ij D;k I+kQoZQ iM+rk gksxk\

Ü ppkZ dhft,---
D;k vki eqX+kyksa dh Hkw&jktLo iz.kkyh dks ,d yphyh
O;oLFkk ekusaxs\

7 pk¡nh dk cgko
eqXk+ y lkezkT; ,f'k;k osQ mu cM+s lkezkT;ksa esa ,d Fkk tks lksygoha o
l=kgoha lnh esa lÙkk vkSj lalkèkuksa ij viuh idM+ e”kcwr cukus esa
dke;kc jgsA ;s lkezkT; Fksµ¯ex (phu es)a ] lI+kQkoh (bZjku es)a ] vkSj
vkWVkseu (rqdhZ es)a A bu lkezkT;ksa dh jktuhfrd fLFkjrk us phu ls ysdj
Hkweè; lkxj rd ”kehuh O;kikj dk thoar tky fcNkus esa enn dhA [kksth
;k=kkvksa ls] vkSj ^u;h nqfu;k* osQ [kqyus ls ;wjksi osQ lkFk ,f'k;k osQ] [kkl
dj Hkkjr osQ] O;kikj esa Hkkjh foLrkj gqvkA bl otg ls Hkkjr osQ fp=k 8-11
leqn&z ikj O;kikj esa ,d vksj HkkSxksfyd fofoèkrk vkbZ rks nwljh vksj dbZ vdcj }kjk tkjh fd, x, pk¡nh osQ #i;s
u;h oLrqvksa dk O;kikj Hkh 'kq: gks x;kA yxkrkj c<+rs O;kikj osQ dh nksuksa rjIk+ saQ

Rationalised 2023-24
216 Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;

lkFk] Hkkjr ls fu;kZr gksus okyh oLrqvksa dk Hkqxrku djus osQ fy,
,f'k;k esa Hkkjh ek=kk esa pk¡nh vkbZA bl pk¡nh dk ,d cM+k fgLlk Hkkjr
dh rjI+kQ ¯[kp x;kA ;g Hkkjr osQ fy, vPNk Fkk D;ksafd ;gk¡ pk¡nh
osQ izkÑfrd lalk/u ugha FksA urhtru] lksygoha ls vBkjgoha lnh osQ
chp Hkkjr esa èkkrq eqnzkµ[kkl dj pk¡nh osQ #i;ksaµdh miyfCèk esa
vPNh fLFkjrk cuh jghA blosQ lkFk gh ,d rjI+kQ rks vFkZO;oLFkk esa
eqnzk lapkj vkSj flDdksa dh <ykbZ esa vHkwriwoZ foLrkj gqvk] nwljh
rjI+kQ eqX+ky jkT; dks udnh dj mxkgus esa vklkuh gqbZA
bVyh osQ ,d eqlkfI+kQj tksokUuh dkjsjh] tks yxHkxj 1690 bZ- esa
Hkkjr ls gksdj xq”kjk Fkk] us bl ckr dk cM+k ltho fp=k is'k fd;k
gS fd fdl rjg pk¡nh reke nqfu;k ls gksdj Hkkjr igq¡prh FkhA mlh
ls gesa ;g Hkh irk pyrk gS fd l=kgoha lnh osQ Hkkjr esa cM+h vn~Hkqr
fp=k 8-12 ek=kk esa udn vkSj oLrqvksa dk vknku&iznku gks jgk FkkA
vkSjax”ksc }kjk tkjh fd;k x;k pk¡nh dk
#i;k

fp=k 8-13
;wjksih; ck”kkjksa dh ek¡xksa dks iwjk djus osQ
fy, Hkkjrh; miegk}hi osQ oL=k mRiknu
dk ,d mnkgj.k

Ü ppkZ dhft,---
irk yxkb, fd orZeku esa vkiosQ jkT;
esa Ñf"k mRiknu ij dj yxk, tkrs gSa
;k ughaA vkt dh jkT; ljdkjksa dh
jktdks"kh; uhfr;ksa vkSj eqX+ky jktdks"kh;
uhfr;ksa esa lekurkvksa vkSj fHkUurkvksa dks
le>kb,A

Rationalised 2023-24
 217
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;
Ïksr 8

Hkkjr esa pk¡nh oSQls vkbZ\

tksokUuh dkjsjh osQ ys[k (cfuZ;j osQ ys[k ij vk/kfjr) osQ fuEufyf[kr va'k ls gesa irk pyrk gS fd
eqx+y lkezkT; esa fdruh Hkkjh ek=kk esa ckgj ls /u vk jgk Fkk%
(eqx+y) lkezkT; oQh /u&laifÙk dk vank”kk yxkus osQ fy, ikBd bl ckr ij xkSj djsa fd nqfu;k
Hkj esa fcpjus okyk lkjk lksuk&pk¡nh vkf[kjdkj ;gha igq¡p tkrk gSA ;s lc tkurs gSa fd bldk cgqr
cM+k fgLlk vesfjdk ls vkrk gS] vkSj ;wjksi osQ dbZ jkT;ksa ls gksrs gq,] (bldk) FkksM+k&lk fgLlk dbZ
rjg dh oLrqvksa osQ fy, rqdhZ esa tkrk gS_ vkSj FkksM+k&lk fgLlk js'ke osQ fy, fLejuk gksrs gq, I+kQkjl
igq¡prk gSA vc pw¡fd rqdhZ yksx dkWI+kQh ls vyx ugha jg ldrs] tks fd vkseku vkSj vjfc;k ls vkrh
gS----- (vkSj) u gh I+kQkjl] vjfc;k vkSj rqdhZ (osQ yksx) Hkkjr dh oLrqvksa osQ fcuk jg ldrs gSaA
(os) eqnzk dh fo'kky ek=kk yky lkxj ij cscy eaMsy osQ ikl fLFkr ekspk Hkstrs gSa_ (blh rjg
os ;s eqnkz ,¡) I+kQkjl dh [kkM+h ij fLFkr cljk Hkstrs gS_a ---- ckn esa ;s (lkjh laifÙk) tgk”kksa ls bUnksLrku
(fganqLrku) Hkst nh tkrh gSA Hkkjrh; tgk”kksa osQ vykok tks Mp] vaxzs”kh vkSj iqrZxkyh tgk”k gj lky
banksLrku dh oLrq,¡ ysdj isx]w rkuLlsjh (E;kaekj osQ fgLls)] L;ke (FkkbySMa )] lhyksu (Jhyadk)---
ekynho osQ Vkiw] eks”kkEchO+kQ vkSj vU; txgsa ys tkrs gSa] (bUgha tgk”kksa dks) fuf'pr rkSj ij cgqr
lkjk lksuk&pk¡nh bu ns'kksa ls ysdj ogk¡ (fganqLrku) igq¡pkuk iM+rk gSA oks lc oqQN] tks Mp yksx
tkiku dh [kkuksa ls gkfly djrs gSa] nsj&losj banksLrku (dks) pyk tkrk gS_ vkSj ;gk¡ ls ;wjksi dks
tkus okyh lkjh oLrq,¡] pkgs oks izQkal tk,¡ ;k baXySaM ;k iqrZxky] lHkh udn esa [kjhnh tkrh gSa] tks
(udn) ogha (fganqLrku esa) jg tkrk gSA

8- vcqy I+kQ”y dh vkbu&,&vdcjh

vkbu&,&vdcjh vk¡dM+ksa osQ oxhZdj.k osQ ,d cgqr cM+s ,sfrgkfld
vkSj iz'kklfud ifj;kstuk dk urhtk Fkh ftldk f”kEek ckn'kkg
vdcj osQ gqDe ij vcqy I+kQ”y us mBk;k FkkA vdcj osQ 'kklu osQ
c;kyhlosa o"kZ] 1598 bZ- esa] ik¡p la'kks/uksa osQ ckn] bls iwjk fd;k
x;kA vkbu bfrgkl fy[kus osQ ,d ,sls c`gÙkj ifj;kstuk dk fgLlk
Fkh ftldh igy vdcj us dh FkhA bl ifj;kstuk dk ifj.kke Fkk
vdcjukek ftls rhu ftYnksa esa jpk x;kA igyh nks ftYnksa us
,sfrgkfld nkLrku is'k dhA bu fgLlksa ij ge vè;k; 9 esa ”;knk
djhch u”kj MkysaxsA rhljh ftYn] vkbu&,&vdcjh] dks 'kkgh fu;e
dkuwu osQ lkjka'k vkSj lkezkT; osQ ,d jkti=k dh lwjr esa ladfyr
fd;k x;k FkkA
vkbu dbZ elyksa ij foLrkj ls ppkZ djrh gS % njckj] iz'kklu
vkSj lsuk dk laxBu_ jktLo osQ lzksr vkSj vdcjh lkezkT; osQ izkarksa
dk Hkwxksy_ vkSj yksxksa osQ lkfgfR;d] lkaLo`Qfrd o /kfeZd fjOkktA
vdcj oQh ljdkj osQ reke foHkkxksa vkSj izkarksa (lwcksa) osQ ckjs esa

Rationalised 2023-24
218 Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;

fp=k 8-14
vcqy Ik+ Q”y vius vkJ;nkrk dks
vdcjukek dh ikaMqfyfi is'k dj jgs gSa
foLrkj ls tkudkjh nsus osQ vykok] vkbu bu lwcksa osQ ckjs esa isphns
vkSj vk¡dM+sc¼ lwpuk,¡ cM+h ckjhdh osQ lkFk nsrh gSA
bu lwpukvksa dks bd_k djosQ] mUgsa flyflysokj rjhO+ksQ ls ladfyr
djuk ,d egÙoiw.kZ 'kkgh dok;n FkhA blus ckn'kkg dks lkezkT; osQ
reke bykdksa esa izpfyr fjoktksa vkSj is'kksa dh tkudkjh nhA bl rjg
gekjs fy, vkbu vdcj osQ 'kklu osQ nkSjku eqx+y lkezkT; osQ ckjs
esa lwpukvksa dh [kku gSA fiQj Hkh ;g è;ku j[kuk egÙoiw.kZ gS fd
vkbu dk u”kfj;k {ks=kksa osQ ckjs esa osaQnz dk u”kfj;k gS] ;k ;w¡ dgas fd
lekt osQ 'kh"kZ ls ns[kh gqbZ lekt dh rlohjA
vkbu ik¡p Hkkxkas (nÝrj) dk ladyu gS ftlosQ igys rhu Hkkx
iz'kklu dk fooj.k nsrs gSaA eaf”ky&vkcknh osQ uke ls igyh fdrkc
'kkgh ?kj&ifjokj vkSj mlosQ j[k&j[kko ls rkYyqd j[krh gSA nwljk
Hkkx] flig&vkcknh lSfud o ukxfjd iz'kklu vkSj ukSdjksa oQh
O;oLFkk osQ ckjs esa gSA bl Hkkx esa 'kkgh vI+kQljksa (eulcnkj)] fo}kuksa]
dfo;ksa vkSj dykdkjksa dh laf{kIr thofu;k¡ 'kkfey gSaA
rhljk] eqYd&vkcknh] og Hkkx gS tks lkezkT; o izkarksa osQ foÙkh;
igyqvksa rFkk jktLo dh njksa osQ vk¡dM+ksa dh foLr`r tkudkjh nsus osQ
ckn ¶ckjg izkarksa dk c;ku¸ nsrk gSA bl [kaM esa lkaf[;dh lwpuk,¡
rI+kQlhy ls nh xbZ gSa] ftlesa lwcksa vkSj muoQh reke iz'kklfud o
foÙkh; bdkb;ksa (ljdkj] ijxuk vkSj egy) osQ HkkSxksfyd] LFkyko`Qfrd
vkSj vkfFkZd js[kkfp=k Hkh 'kkfey gSaA blh [kaM esa gj izkar vkSj mldh
vyx&vyx bdkb;ksa dh oqQy ekih xbZ ”kehu vkSj fuèkkZfjr jktLo
(tek) Hkh nh xbZ gSaA
lwck Lrj dh foLr`r tkudkjh nsus osQ ckn] vkbu gesa lwcksa osQ uhps
dh bdkbZ ljdkjksa osQ ckjs esa foLrkj ls crkrh gSA ;s lwpuk,¡
rkfydkc¼ rjhosQ ls nh xbZ gSa] tgk¡ gj rkfydk esa vkB [+kkus gSa tks
gesa fuEufyf[r lwpuk,¡ nsrs gSa % (1) ijxukr@egy_ (2) fo+ Qyk_
(3) vjk”kh vkSj tehu&,&ikbZewn (ekis x, bykosQ)_ (4) udnh
(uo+Qn fu/kZfjr jktLo)_ (5) lq;wjX k+ y (nku esa fn;k x;k jktLo
vuqnku)_ (6) ”kehankj_ [+kkus 7 vkSj 8 esa ”kehankjksa dh tkfr;k¡ vkSj
muosQ ?kqM+lokj] iSny flikgh (I;knk) o gkFkh (I+kQhy) lfgr muosQ
I+kQkSt dh tkudkjh nh xbZ gSA eqYd&vkcknh mÙkj Hkkjr osQ o`Qf"k
lekt dk foLr`r] vkd"kZd o isphnk fp=k is'k djrh gSA pkSFkh vkSj
ik¡poha fdrkcsa (nÝrj) Hkkjr osQ yksxksa osQ e”kgch] lkfgfR;d vkSj
lkaLo`Qfrd jhfr&fjoktksa ls rkYyqd j[krh gSa_ buosQ vkf[kj esa vdcj
osQ ¶'kqHk opuksa¸ dk ,d laxzg Hkh gSA

Rationalised 2023-24
 219
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;
Ïksr 9

¶[kq'kfdLerh osQ xqykc ckx dh flapkbZ¸

uhps fn;s x, va'k esa vcqy I+kQ”y us cM+s lkI+kQ rkSj ij ;s [kqyklk fd;k gS fd mlus oSQls
vkSj fduls viuh lwpuk,¡ gkfly dha%
---vcqy I+kQ”y] oYn eqckjd--- dks ;g 'kkunkj gqDe fn;k x;k] ¶'kkunkj ?kVukvksa vkSj jkT;&{ks=k
v/hu djus okyh gekjh I+kQrgksa dh nkLrku bZekunkjh osQ dye ls fy[kks---¸A rlYyh ls] eSaus
dkI+kQh [kkstchu vkSj fegur djosQ egkefge dh xfrfof/;ksa osQ lcwr vkSj nLrkos”k bd_s fd,
vkSj cgqr le; rd jkT; osQ eqykf”keksa o 'kkgh ifjokj osQ lnL;ksa osQ lkFk tokc ryc fd;kA
eSaus lp cksyus okys le>nkj cq”kqxks± vkSj I+kqQrhZys fnekx okys] lR;dehZ tokuksa nksuksa (dh ckrksa)
dks ij[kk] vkSj muosQ c;kuksa dks fyf[kr :i ls ntZ fd;kA lwcksa dks 'kkgh gqDe tkjh fd;k x;k
fd iqjkus eqykf”keksa esa ftl fdlh dks chrs oDr dh ?kVuk,¡ ;kn gksa] iwjs fo'okl osQ lkFk ;k
ekewyh 'kd osQ lkFk (Hkh)] os vius laLej.k dks fy[ksa vkSj mls njckj Hkst nsa] (fiQj) ml
ikd&ekStwnxh osQ d{k ls ,d vkSj gqDe jkS'ku gqvk_ oks ;s] fd tks lkexzh tek dh
tk,--- mls 'kkgh ekStwnxh esa i<+dj lquk;k tk,] vkSj ckn esa tks oqQN Hkh fy[kk tkuk gks] mls
ml egku fdrkc esa ifjf'k"V dh 'kDy esa tksM+ fn;k tk,] vkSj ;s fd ,sls C;ksjs tks tk¡p&iM+rky
dh ckjhfd;ksa dh otg ls] ;k ekeys dh ckjhfd;ksa dh otg ls] mlh le; vatke rd ugha
yk, tk losQ] mUgsa eSa ckn esa ntZ d:¡ A
bZ'ojh vè;kns'k dk [+kqyklk djus okys bl 'kkgh gqDe (dh otg) ls viuh xqIr fI+kQozQ ls
jkgr ikdj] eSaus ,sls dPps izk:i fy[kus dh 'kq#vkr dh] ftlesa 'kSyh ;k foU;kl dh [+kwclwjrh
ugha FkhA eSaus bykgh laor osQ mUuhlosa lky ls & tc egkefge oQh nkfu'kean vDy ls nLrkos”k
nÝ+ rj LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk & ?kVukvksa dk bfrgklo`Ùk gkfly fd;k] vkSj mlosQ Hkjs&iwjs iUuksa
ls eSua s dbZ ekeyksa dk C;ksjk ik;kA dkI+kQh rdyhI+kQas mBkdj mu lHkh gqDeksa dh ewy izfr ;k udy
gkfly dh xbZ tks jkT;kfHk"ksd ls ysdj vkt rd lwcksa dks tkjh fd, x, FksA dkI+kQh fnDdrksa
dk lkeuk djrs gq,] eSua s muesa ls dbZ fjiksVks± dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tks lkezkT; osQ fofHkUu ekeyksa
;k nwljs ns'kksa esa ?kVh ?kVukvksa osQ ckjs esa Fkha vkSj ftUgsa mQ¡ ps vI+kQljksa vkSj eaf=k;ksa us Hkstk FkkA
vkSj tokcryc o [kkstchu osQ ra=k ls esjh fegurilan :g lar`Ir gks xbZA cM+h deZBrk osQ lkFk
eSaus os dPps elkSns o Kkiui=k Hkh gkfly fd, tks tkudkj vkSj nwjn'khZ yksxksa us fy[ks FksA bu
rjhdksa ls [kq'kfdLerh osQ bl xqykc ckx (vdcjukek) dks lhapus vkSj ueh nsus osQ fy, eSaus
gkS”k cuk;kA

Ü mu lHkh Ïksrksa dh lwph cuk,¡ ftudk bLrseky vcqy I+kQ”y us viuh fdrkc iwjh
djus osQ fy, fd;kA o`Qf"k lac/
a ksa dks le>us osQ fy, buesa ls dkSu ls Ïksr lcls mi;ksxh
gksrs\ vkiosQ eqrkfcd fdl gn rd vcqy I+kQ”y dh fdrkc vdcj ls mlosQ fj'rs ls
izHkkfor gqbZ gksxh\

Rationalised 2023-24
220
vkbu dk vuqokn
vkbu dh vgfe;r dh otg ls] dbZ
fo}kuksa us bldk vuqokn fd;kA gsujh
CykWdesu us bls laikfnr fd;k vkSj
dydÙkk (vkt dk dksydkrk) osQ
,f'k;kfVd lks l kbVh us viuh
fcfCy;ksfFkdk Ük`a[kyk esa bls NkikA
bl fdrkc dk rhu [kaMksa esa vaxzs”kh
vuqokn Hkh fd;k x;kA igys [kaM dk
ekud vaxzs”kh vuqokn CykWdesu dk gS
(dydÙkk] 1873)] ckdh osQ nks [kaMksa
osQ vuqokn ,p- ,l- tSjsV us fd,
(dydÙkk] 1891 vkSj 1894)A
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;
gkyk¡ fd ckn'kkg vdcj osQ 'kklu dh lgwfy;r osQ fy, vkbu
dks vkf/dkfjd rkSj ij foLr`r lwpuk,¡ tek djus osQ fy, izk;ksftr
fd;k x;k Fkk] fiQj Hkh ;g fdrkc vkf/dkfjd nLrkos”kksa dh egt
udy ls dgha c<+ dj FkhA ge tkurs gSa fd bldh ikaMqfyfi dks
ys[kd }kjk ik¡p ckj la'kksf/r fd;k x;kA blls ,slk yxrk gS fd
izkekf.kdrk dh [kkst esa vcqy I+kQ”y dkI+kQh lko/kuh cjr jgs FksA
mnkgj.k osQ rkSj ij] ekSf[kd c;kuksa dks rF; osQ :i esa fdrkc esa
'kkfey djus ls igys] vU; Ïksrksa ls mldh vlfy;r vkSj lPpkbZ
dh iqf"V djus dh dksf'k'k dh tkrh FkhA lkaf[;dh okys [kaMksa esa lHkh
vk¡dM+ksa dks vadksa osQ lkFk 'kCnksa esa Hkh fy[kk x;k rkfd ckn dh
izfr;ksa esa udy dh xyfr;k¡ de ls de gksaA
fiQj Hkh ftu bfrgkldkjksa us è;ku ls vkbu dk vè;;u fd;k] os
crkrs gSa fd ;g xaFz k iwjh rjg leL;kvksa ls ijs ugha gSA tksM+ djus esa
dbZ x+yfr;k¡ ikbZ xbZ gSaA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd ;k rks ;s vadxf.kr
dh NksVh&eksVh pwd gS ;k fiQj udy mrkjus osQ nkSjku vcqy I+kQ”y
osQ lg;ksfx;ksa dh HkwyA vkerkSj ij ;s x+yfr;k¡ ekewyh gSa vkSj ,d
O;kid Lrj ij fdrkcksa osQ vkadM+ksa dh lPpkbZ dks de ugha djrhaA
vkbu dh ,d vkSj lhek ;g gS fd blosQ la[;kRed vk¡dM+ksa esa
fo"kerk,¡ gSaA lHkh lwcksa ls vk¡dM+s ,d gh 'kDy esa ugha ,df=kr fd,
x,A elyu] tgk¡ dbZ lwcksa osQ fy, ”kehankjksa dh tkfr osQ eqrfyd
foLr`r lwpuk,¡ ladfyr dh xb±] ogha caxky vkSj mM+hlk osQ fy, ,slh
lwpuk,¡ ekStwn ugha gSaA blh rjg] tgk¡ lwcksa ls fy, x, jktdks"kh;
vk¡dM+s cM+h rI+kQlhy ls fn, x, gSa] ogha mUgha bykdksa ls dherksa vkSj
e”knwjh tSls brus gh egÙoiw.kZ ekinaM brus vPNs ls n”kZ ugha fd,
x, gSaA dherksa vkSj e”knwjh dh njksa dh tks foLr`r lwph vkbu esa nh
Hkh xbZ gS og lkezkT; dh jkt/kuh vkxjk ;k mlosQ bnZ&fxnZ osQ
bykdksa ls yh xbZ gSA ”kkfgj gS fd ns'k osQ ckdh fgLlksa osQ fy, bu
vk¡dM+ksa dh izklafxdrk lhfer gSA
bu lhekvksa osQ ckotwn] vkbu vius le; osQ fy, ,d vlkekU; o
vuks[kk nLrkos”k gSA eqx+y lkezkT; osQ xBu vkSj mldh lajpuk dks
ea=k&eqX/ djus okyh >yfd;k¡ fn[kkdj vkSj mlosQ ckf'kanksa o mRiknksa
osQ ckjs esa lkaf[;dh; vk¡dM+s nsdj] vcqy Ik+ Q”y eè;dkyhu bfrgkldkjksa
dh vc rd izpfyr ijaijkvksa ls dgha vkxs fudy x, vkSj ;g
fuf'pr rkSj ij ,d cM+h miyfC/ FkhA xkSjryc gS fd eè;dkyhu
Hkkjr esa vcqy I+kQ”y ls igys osQ bfrgkldkj ”;knkrj jktuhfrd
okjnkrksa osQ ckjs esa gh fy[krs Fks&tax] I+kQrg] fl;klh lkf”k'ksa] ;k
Rationalised 2023-24
 221
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;

oa'kh; mFky&iqFkyA ns'k] mlosQ yksx ;k mRiknksa dk f”kozQ xkgs cxkgs

izlaxo'k gh vkrk Fkk vkSj og Hkh ,d ,sls ys[k ¶lkt&lTtk¸ osQ
:i esa ftldh fn'kk ewyr% jktuhfrd gksrh FkhA
Hkkjr osQ yksxksa vkSj eqx+y lkezkT; osQ ckjs esa foLr`r lwpuk,¡ ntZ
djosQ vkbu us LFkkfir ijaijkvksa dks ihNs NksM+ fn;k vkSj bl rjg
l=kgoha lnh osQ eqgkus ij Hkkjr osQ vè;;u osQ fy, ,d lanHkZ fcanq
cu x;kA tgk¡ rd o`Qf"k laca/ksa dk loky gS] vkbu osQ lkaf[;dh;
lcwrksa dh vgfe;r pqukSfr;ksa osQ ijs gSA ysfdu blls Hkh egÙoiw.kZ]
yksxksa] muosQ is'kksa vkSj O;olk;ksa] lkezkT; dh O;oLFkk vkSj mlosQ
mPpkf/dkfj;ksa osQ ckjs esa tks lwpuk,¡ ;g xazFk eqgS;k djkrk gS] mudh
enn ls bfrgkldkj ledkyhu Hkkjr osQ lkekftd rkus&ckus dk
bfrgkl iqu% jprs gSaA

dky js[kk
eqxy
+ lkezkT; osQ bfrgkl osQ eq[; iM+ko
1526 fnYyh osQ lqyrku] bczkfge yksnh dks ikuhir esa gjkdj ckcj igyk
eqx+y ckn'kkg curk gS

1530–40 gqek;w¡ osQ 'kklu dk igyk pj.k

1540–55 'ksj'kkg ls gkj dj gqek;w¡ lI +kQkoh njckj esa izoklh cu dj jgrk gS

1555–56 gqek;w¡ [kks;s gq, jkT; dks fiQj ls gkfly djrk gS

1556–1605 vdcj dk 'kklu dky

1605–27 tgk¡xhj dk 'kklu dky

1628–58 'kkgtgk¡ dk 'kklu dky

1658–1707 vkSjax”ksc dk 'kklu dky

1739 ukfnj'kkg Hkkjr ij vkozQe.k djrk gS vkSj fnYyh dks ywVrk gS

1761 vgen 'kkg vCnkyh ikuhir osQ rhljs ;q¼ esa ejkBksa dks gjkrk gS

1765 caxky osQ nhokuh vf/dkj bZLV bafM;k oaQiuh dks lkSai fn;s tkrs gSa

1857 vafre eqx+y ckn'kkg cgknqj 'kkg ”kI+ kQj dks vaxzs”k xíh ls gVk nsrs gSa
vkSj ns'k fudkyk nsdj jaxwu (vkt dk ;kaxksu] E;kaekj esa) Hkst nsrs gSaA

Rationalised 2023-24
222 Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;

mÙkj nhft, (yxHkx 100 ls 150 'kCnksa esa )

1- o`Qf"k bfrgkl fy[kus osQ fy, vkbu dks Ïksr osQ :i esa bLrseky djus esa
dkSu lh leL;k,¡ gSa\ bfrgkldkj bu leL;kvksa ls oSQls fuiVrs gSa\
2- lksygoha&l=kgoha lnh esa o`Qf"k mRiknu dks fdl gn rd eg”k xq”kkjs osQ
fy, [ksrh dg ldrs gSa\ vius mÙkj osQ dkj.k Li"V dhft,A
3- o`Qf"k mRiknu esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk dk fooj.k nhft,A
4- fopkjk/hu dky esa ekSfnzd dkjksckj dh vgfe;r dh foospuk mnkgj.k
nsdj dhft,A
5- mu lwcrksa dh tk¡p dhft, tks ;s lq>krs gSa fd eqx+y jktdks"kh; O;oLFkk
osQ fy, Hkw&jktLo cgqr egÙoiw.kZ FkkA

fuEufyf[kr ij ,d y?kq fuca/ fyf[k, (yxHkx

250-300 'kCnksa esa )

fp=k 8-15
lqukjksa dks n'kkZrs gq, l=kgoha 'krkCnh dk fp=k
6- vkiosQ eqrkfcd o`Qf"k lekt esa lkekftd o vkfFkZd laca/ksa dks izHkkfor
djus esa tkfr fdl gn rd ,d dkjd Fkh\
7- lksygoha vkSj l=kgoha lnh esa taxy okfl;ksa dh f”knaxh fdl rjg cny
xbZ\
8- eqx+y Hkkjr esa ”kehankjksa dh Hkwfedk dh tk¡p dhft,A
9- iapk;r vkSj xk¡o dk eqf[k;k fdl rjg ls xzkeh.k lekt dk fu;eu djrs
Fks\ foospuk dhft,A

Rationalised 2023-24
 223
fdlku] ”kehankj vkSj jkT;

ekufp=k dk;Z
;fn vki vkSj tkudkjh pkgrs
10- fo'o osQ cfgjZs[kk okys uD'ks ij mu bykdksa dks fn[kk,¡ ftudk gSa rks bUgsa if<+,%
eqx+y lkezkT; osQ lkFk vkfFkZd laioZQ FkkA bu bykdksa osQ lkFk lqfer xqgk] 1999
;krk;kr&ekxks± dks Hkh fn[kk,¡A ,uok;juesaV ,aM ,fFkuhflVh
bu bafM;k] oSQfEczt ;wfuoflZVh
izsl] oSQfEczt
ifj;kstuk dk;Z (dksbZ ,d)
bjiQku gchc] 1999
n vxzsfj;u flLVe vkWiQ eqx+y
11- iM+ksl osQ ,d xk¡o dk nkSjk dhft,A irk dhft, fd ogk¡ fdrus bafM;k 1556&1707 (lsoaQM
yksx jgrs gS]a dkSu lh I+kQlysa mxkbZ tkrh gS]a dkSu ls tkuoj ikys tkrs ,fM'ku)] vkWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh
gSa] dkSu ls nLrdkj lewg jgrs gSa] efgyk,¡ ”kehu dh ekfyd gSa ;k izsl] U;w fnYyh
ugha] vkSj ogk¡ dh iapk;r fdl rjg dke djrh gSA tks vkius MCY;w-,p- eksjysMa ] 1983 (iqueZnq .z k)
lksygoha&l=kgoha lnh osQ ckjs esa lh[kk gS mlls bl lwpuk dh bafM;k ,V n MsFk vkWiQ vdcj%
rqyuk djrs gq,] lekurk,¡ uksV dhft,A ifjorZu vkSj fujarjrk nksuksa ,u bdksukWfed LVMh
dh O;k[;k dhft,A vksfj;aVy] U;w fnYyh
12- vkbu dk ,d NksVk lk va'k pqu yhft, (10 ls 12 i`"B] nh xbZ riu jk;pkS/jh ,aM bjiQku gchc
osclkbV ij miyC/)A bls è;ku ls if<+, vkSj bl ckr dk C;ksjk (laik-)] 2004] n oSQfEczt
nhft, fd bldk bLrseky ,d bfrgkldkj fdl rjg ls dj bdksukWfed fgLVªh vkWiQ bafM;k]
ldrk gS\ oksY;we 1] vksfj;aV yksxa eSu] U;w fnYyh
MhVej jksFkjeaM] 1993
fp=k 8-16 ,u bdksukWfed fgLVªh vkWiQ
feBkbZ csprh gqbZ efgyk
bafM;kµizQkWe izh&dksyksfu;y
VkbEl Vw 1991] jkmVyst] yanu
lat; lqczã.;e (laik-)] 1994
euh ,aM fn ekosZQV bu bafM;k
1100-1700
vkWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh izsl
U;w fnYyh

vf/d tkudkjh osQ fy, vki

fuEufyf[kr osclkbV ns[k ldrs gSa
http://persian.packhum.
orgpersianindex. jsp?serv=
pf&file=00702053&ct=0

Rationalised 2023-24
fp=kksa osQ fy, Js;
fo"k; 5
fp=k 5.1: Ritu Topa.
fp=k 5.2 : Henri Stierlin, The Cultural History of the Arabs,
Aurum Press, London, 1981.
fp=k 5.4, 5.13: FICCI, Footprints of Enterprise: Indian Business
Through the Ages, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1999.
fp=k 5.5: Calcutta Art Gallery, printed in E.B. Havell,
The Art Heritage of India, D.B. Taraporevala Sons & Co., Bombay, 1964.
fp=k 5.6, 5.7, 5.12: Bamber Gascoigne, The Great Moghuls,
Jonathan Cape Ltd., London, 1971.
fp=k 5.8, 5.9: Sunil Kumar.
fp=k 5.10: Rosemary Crill, Indian Ikat Textiles, Weatherhill, London, 1998.
fp=k 5.11, 5.14: C.A. Bayly (ed). An Illustrated History of Modern India,
1600-1947, Oxford University Press, Bombay, 1991.

fo"k; 6
fp=k 6.1: Susan L. Huntington, The Art of Ancient India,
Weatherhill, New York, 1993.
fp=k 6.3, 6.17: Jim Masselos, Jackie Menzies and Pratapaditya Pal,
Dancing to the Flute: Music and Dance in Indian Art,
The Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 1997.
fp=k 6.4, 6.5: Benjamin Rowland, The Art and Architecture of India,
Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1970.
fp=k 6.6: Henri Stierlin, The Cultural History of the Arabs,
Aurum Press, London, 1981.
fp=k 6.8: http:èkèkwww.us.iis.ac.ukèkview_article.aspèkContentID=104228
fp=k 6.9: http:èkèkwww.thekkepuram.ourfamily.comèkmiskal.htm
fp=k 6.10: http:èkèka bangladesh.comèkbanglapediaèkImagesèkA_0350A.JPG
fp=k 6.11: foziaqazi@kashmirvision.com
fp=k 6.12: Stuart Cary Welch, Indian Art and Culture 1300-1900,
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1985.
fp=k 6.13: Bamber Gascoigne, The Great Moghuls,
Jonathan Cape Ltd., London, 1971.
fp=k 6.15: CCRT.
fp=k 6.16: C. A. Bayly (ed). An Illustrated History of Modern India,
1600-1947, Oxford University Press, Bombay, 1991.
fp=k 6.18: Ahmad Nabi Khan, Islamic Architecture in Pakistan,
National Hijra Council, Islamabad, 1990.

fo"k; 7
fp=k 7.1, 7.11, 7.12, 7.14, 7.15, 7.16, 7.18: Vasundhara Filliozat and
George Michell (eds), The Splendours of Vijayanagara,
Marg Publications, Bombay, 1981.

Rationalised 2023-24
 225
'kkld vkSj bfro`Ùk % eqx+y njckj

fp=k 7.2: C.A. Bayly (ed). An Illustrated History of Modern India,

1600-1947, Oxford University Press, Bombay, 1991.
fp=k 7.3: Susan L. Huntington, The Art of Ancient India, Weatherhill,
New York, 1993.
fp=k 7.4, 7.6, 7.7, 7.20, 7. 23, 7.26, 7.27, 7.32: George Michell,
Architecture and Art of South India, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1995.
fp=k 7.5, 7.8, 7.9, 7.21 http:èkèkwww.museum.upenn.eduèknewèk
researchèkExp_Rese_DiscèkAsiaèkvrpèkHTMLèkVijay_Hist.shtml
fp=k 7.10: Catherine B. Asher and Cynthia Talbot.
India Before Europe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006.
fp=k 7.17, 7.22, 7.24, 7.28, 7.29, 7.30, 7.31, 7.33: George Michell and
M.B.Wagoner, Vijayanagara: Architectural Inventory of the
Sacred Centre, Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi.
fp=k 7.25: CCRT.
fo"k; 8
fp=k 8.1, 8.9: Milo Cleveland Beach and Ebba Koch, King of the World,
Sackler Gallery, New York, 1997.
fp=k 8.3: India Office Library, printed in C.A. Bailey (ed). An Illustrated
History of Modern India, 1600-1947, Oxford University Press,
Bombay, 1991.
fp=k 8.4: Harvard University Art Museum, printed in Stuart Cary Welch,
Indian Art and Culture 1300-1900, The Metropolitan Museum of Art,
New York, 1985.
fp=k 8.6, 8.11, 8.12, 8.14: C.A. Bayly (ed). An Illustrated History of Modern
India, 1600-1947, Oxford University Press, Bombay, 1991.
fp=k 8.13, 8.15: Bamber Gascoigne, The Great Moghuls,
Jonathan Cape Ltd., London, 1971.

Rationalised 2023-24
 fVIi.kh

Rationalised 2023-24