Standing Wave Generator set up

Description of the Experiment

Demonstration of standing waves and its dependence on the tension in the string using a wave generator set up.

Introduction:
The modes of vibration associated with resonance in extended objects like strings and air columns have characteristic
patterns called standing waves. These standing wave modes arise from the combination of reflection and interference.
An important part of the condition for this interference for stretched strings is the fact that the waves change
phase upon reflection from a fixed end. Under these conditions, the medium appears to vibrate in segments or regions
and the fact that these vibrations are made up of traveling waves is not apparent - hence the term "standing wave".

In this experiment, we are going to demonstrate the formation of standing waves and its dependence on the tension
in the string using a wave generator set up.

Activity: Observation:
Observe that
1. Connect the Bluetooth amplifier to the oscillator.
1. At particular frequency, nodes and anti-nodes are
2. Connect the mobile signal generator with the oscillator
formed.
via Bluetooth
2. Changing the frequency changes the number of
3. Attach a string to the vibrating arm of the oscillator
nodes and anti-nodes.
and pass it over the stationary wave stand.
3. In order to obtain the same number of nodes and
4. Attach weight at the open end of the string.
anti-nodes after increasing the weight, frequency
5. Switch on the oscillator and signal generator app.
has to be increased.
6. Generate a frequency in the signal generator and
4. For a particular frequency and particular weight,
observe.
the position of nodes and anti-nodes(if formed ) are
7. Change the frequency till you get stationary waves.
constant and does not change with time.
8. Repeat the same by changing the weight.

Measurement: Questions:
Note down the
Observation based:
1. Frequency
1. For a particular weight, when the frequency is
2. Applied weight
fundamental, how many nodes and anti-nodes are formed?
3. Number of nodes and anti-nodes formed in the string
2. What is the amplitude of the wave at nodes?
4. Fundamental frequency for a particular applied weight
3. What is the amplitude of the wave at anti-node?
Homework:
Think and Answer:
Answer the following questions. 1. What is the velocity of the particle at nodes?
1. The particles of the standing waves in the neighbouring 2. What is the distance between two nodes?
segments vibrate in the opposition phase, while the particles of 3. For a particular weight, if f1 is the frequency at which 2
the same division vibrate in the same phase. Explain nodes are formed and f2 is the frequency at which 3 nodes
2. There is no transfer or exchange of energy during the are formed then what is the value of f2/f1?
vibration of particles. Explain

Points to ponder: Explore:

1. Any standing wave is formed due to the superposition of
1. Find out the change in pressure in the nodes and anti-
the two travelling waves of the same frequency but in
nodes. Also explain it.
opposite directions.
2. What is a sonometer? Give some real-time applications of
2. The amplitude of the standing wave is given by: 2asin kx,
standing waves.
where x represents the position of nodes or anti-nodes, and
3. What is the velocity of the standing waves?
a is the amplitude.