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3634-Article Text-6986-1-10-20201223
3634-Article Text-6986-1-10-20201223
ANNOTATION
In this article, the person explores the peculiarities of the infinitive and gerund and also
the proper use of them. The article describes the cases in which the horse-specific forms of
the verb occur, as well as the differences and similarities.
1. Introduction
Gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun in a sentence.
Gerund = the present participle (-ing) form of the verb, e.g., singing,
dancing, running.
Infinitive = to + the base form of the verb, e.g., to sing, to dance, to run.
Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb in the
sentence.
I expect to have the results of the operation soon. (Infinitive)
I anticipate having the research completed eventually. (Gerund)
Body
Gerunds can be used after certain verbs including enjoy, fancy, discuss,
dislike, finish, mind, suggest, recommend, keep, and avoid.
1) After prepositions of place and time.
I made dinner before getting home.
He looked unhappy after seeing his work schedule.
2) To replace the subject or object of a sentence
Lachlan likes eating coconut oil.
Jumping off a cliff is dangerous, but a real thrill.
Infinitives can be used after certain verbs including agree, ask, decide, help,
plan, hope, learn, want, would like, and promise.
1) After many adjectives:
It is hard to make dinner this late.
I find it difficult to describe my feelings about writing research essays.
2) To show purpose:
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2. Main part
What is a gerund and why do you need to know? Maybe it would be better
to answer the second part of the question first so that you have some
motivation to identify gerunds. If you are able to pick the gerund(s) out in
your sentence, you will avoid a grammar gaffe that often goes unnoticed
even by seasoned editors. Is your curiosity at least somewhat piqued?
Gerunds, also called verbal nouns, are formed when verbs have -ing added
to them and are used as nouns.
Examples:
Walking is great exercise.
Hiking up that steep mountain seems impossible.
Talking more about this will not change my mind.
Note that in each of the examples above, the -ing word—the gerund—acted
as the subject of the sentence.
Gerunds, like other nouns, may also act as direct objects, indirect objects,
and objects of the preposition.
Examples:
We like talking on the phone every night. (direct object)
I give him credit for talking. (object of the preposition for)
It is helpful to recognize gerunds because if a noun or pronoun precedes a
gerund, it is usually best to use the possessive form of that noun or pronoun.
Correct: My running ahead bothered him.
Incorrect: Me running ahead bothered him.
Correct: Their separating does not mean they won’t continue to be good
parents to their three children.
Incorrect: Them separating does not mean they won’t continue to be good
parents to their three children.
Examples:
Alex’s skating was a joy to behold.
Ben’s walking improved once his ankle healed.
The girl’s dancing won her a trip to Hawaii.
What is a gerund and why do you need to know? Maybe it would be better
to answer the second part of the question first so that you have some
motivation to identify gerunds. If you are able to pick the gerund(s) out in
your sentence, you will avoid a grammar gaffe that often goes unnoticed
even by seasoned editors. Is your curiosity at least somewhat piqued?
Gerunds, also called verbal nouns, are formed when verbs have -ing added
to them and are used as nouns.
Examples:
Walking is great exercise.
Hiking up that steep mountain seems impossible.
Talking more about this will not change my mind.
Note that in each of the examples above, the -ing word—the gerund—acted
as the subject of the sentence.
Gerunds, like other nouns, may also act as direct objects, indirect objects,
and objects of the preposition.
Examples:
We like talking on the phone every night. (direct object)
I give him credit for talking. (object of the preposition for)
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Active simple — indicates the name of the action performed by the owner.
It belongs to the Permanent, the present and the future.
I enjoy teaching English (gerund). He is strong enough to left that box
(infinitive).
Active perfect — it represents the name of the action action performed
before the predicate.
He admitted having stolen the money (gerund). You seem to have finished
(infinitive).
Passive simple — represents the name of the action performed on the owner.
The students enjoy being taught english by teachers (gerund). I didn't
expect to be invited to his party (infinitive).
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EFFECTIVE WAYS OF LEARNING ENGLISH GRAMMAR: TO EXPLOIT CORRECTLY INFINITIVE AND GERUND PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020)
Rule 1. The gerund is usually used when the action name is the owner of
the sentence, and it is a third-person unit. For example: Drinking milk
everyday is useful. Learning English is not easy for him.
Rule 2. After some verbs, a gerund is used. [Azar, page 318] Some of them:
admit, advise, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny,
discuss, finish, keep, mention, mind, postpone, practice, suggest, tolerate,
understand... For example: She suggested going to a movie.
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To sit
To stand Place Doing
To lie
Rule 5. Go + gerund. Course names are said with gerund. For example: I
often go fishing. She usually goes hunting. When will we go shopping?
Rule 6. The titles are said in gerunds. For examples: Today's lecture is
"Learning lexicology".
Rule 7. Attribute + gerund. The gerund may takes a determinant. This can
be an adjective, a demonstrative pronoun, a possessive pronoun, or a noun
with possessive pronoun.
For example: I enjoyed your singing. She understood his saying no. We
decided car's broken down. Good beginning is good ending.
Rule 8. Time clause + gerund. When the same person is in time clause and
main part, the predicate changes into gerund. For example: He has made a
few friends, since he moved here. Since moving here, he has made a few
friends.
Rule 1. The infinitive is used to say what the name of the action is by
having a fake "it". “It" is that infinitive itself. For example: It is dangerous
to fit crocodile. It is easy to learn English.
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Rule 5. Any passive verb + Infinitive. For example: He was advised to give
up smoking. Verbs in passive voice are utilized with infinitive besides listen,
hear, see, watch, notice, observe, feel, drinking.
Rule 6. Causative verbs + Infinitive. When one person wants the other
person to do something from him or her, Infinitive can be used. For
example: I have a lot of homeworks to do.
Smbd + verb + smbd + to do:
Somebody + advise/ ask/ get/ permit/ allow/ force/ beg/ encourage/ warn
somebody + to do something.
Sometimes without "to":
Somebody + let/have/make + somebody + to do something.
Rule 10. When the noun clause has meanings of need, necessity, advice,
ability, please, you can put an infinitive after the conjunctions of noun
clause. The conjunctions of noun clause are "what", "where", "how",
"where", "whether". But infinitive is never used with "if". For example:
You must know how to fix it.
Rule 11. When changing the direct speech, infinitive can be used. For
example: Mother: "Do not go there". Mather asked me not to do it.
"Not" is in the infinitive and gerund have nothing to do with the main
verb in the sentence. It only denies the infinitive or the gerund, not the
sentence.
Trouble verbs are verbs that can be used either infinitive or gerund.
Sometimes it depends on the meaning, but sometimes it does not. These
verbs are "start", "begin", "intent", "continue", "bother", "cease". For
example: Soon it will start raining / to rain. If these verbs are in passive
voice or with -ing form, they will be used infinitive. For example: It is
starting to rain. [Myrphy 3, page 56]
In addition, gerund and infinitive can used after the same verbs. It
depends on meaning. These verbs include "go", "remember", "regret", "try",
"need", "prefer", "love", "like", "hate", "mean", "consider", "image", "to be
afraid", "to be sorry", "to stop", "to find", "to miss", "used".
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3. Conclusion
In conclusion, other grammatical topics need to be explored before learning
an infinitive and gerund. The rules given above must be followed. Then
understanding will not be a problem for learners.
References
About Gerunds and Infinitives - Learn English and Foreign ..
Thomas Celentano English Gerunds and Infinitives for ESL Learners;
Using Them Correctly After Common English Verbs
4 . English Gerunds and Infinitives for ESL Learners: Using Gerunds and
Infinitives Correctly After Common 5.English Verbs Kindle Edition
Gerund vs. Infinitive Verbs (Brookgarbolt's Lexicology Book 1) Kindle
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