‘of the citizens and Constitution. Hence, the ‘Accord: 1 ‘made various provisions (0 tive Princi cetune its independence—security of tenUTe feature! of tl cme judges, fixed service conditions fF ¢qymerated in Part IY the judges, all the expenses of the Supreme They can be classified into 1 tre iatrarged on the Consolidated Fund — gyories—socialistic, Gandh Gt india, prohibition on discussion on the intettectual. conduct of judges in the legislatures, ban tee. pirective Principles crpmactice after retirement, power 0 PUN —yromoting the ideal of sects Rh tor its contempt vested in the Supreme — Poi democracy. They seek Court, separation of the judiciary from the civare state’ in India, Ho —o the Fundamental Rights, the di pon-justiciable in nature, that is, not enforceable by the courts for th : lation. Yet, the Constitution itself d Part II of the Indian Constitution guarantees hat “these principles are fundame six" fundamental rights to all the citizens: the governance of the country and (a) Right to Equality (Articles 14-18); ae i (b) Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22 be the duty of the state to apply ti PEE cesinst Exploitation (Artic ciples in making laws’. Hence, they ight against Exploitation (Articles ora] obligation on the state author jing to Dr. ples of he Indian Co! 8. Fundamental Rights 23-24); ; : (a) Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles their application. But, the real foro@i(s 25-28); tion) behind them is political, that is, e) Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles °PINION 3 . re In the Minerva Mills case™ ( 29-30); and (o) ee to Constitutional Remedies (Article Constitution ig founded on the Bede Bees eetaiRighteremeantfor pro. ‘e,Palance between tha ti moting the idea of political democracy. They and the Directive Principles’ operate as limitations on the tyranny of the executive and arbitrary laws of the legislature. ‘They are justiciable in nature, thatis, they are The origi i ‘enforceable by the courts for their violation. fg, epee constitution did not ‘The aggrieved person can directly go to the phe, ¢ Fundamental Duties of the Supreme Court which can issue the writs of sees added during the ope! lergency (1975-77) by | habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certio- ari and quo warranto for the restoration of his onstitutional Amendment Act of 10. Fundamental Duties rights. 5 However, the Fundamental Rights are not Sim Committee. ‘The 86th Gon absolute and subject to reasonable restric- Amendment Act of 2002 adde tions. Further, they are not sacrosanct and ndamental duty. 4 can be curtailed or repealed by the Parlia- ‘The Part IV-A of the Gon jment through a Constitutional Amendment copaists of only one ‘Act. They can also be suspended during the fies the eleven Fun ‘on of a National Emergency except nq pct the Constit guaranteed by Articles 20 and 21, Gignty wont! :