Unit 9.

CITIES OF THE FUTURE – KEY CHI TIẾT

LANGUAGE FOCUS
Phonetics
Intonation: Question tags
Grammar
- Question tags
The keys to the exercises usually appear on separate pages, don't they?
Let's choose this model of future cities, shall we?
- Conditional sentences type o
I like to visit the museums if I visit a new city.
If the weather is fine, I cycle to school.
Vocabulary
Words and phrases related to city life in the future:
Sustainable, infrastructure, ...
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. capable B. available C. global D. climate
(âm /eɪ/, các từ còn lại âm /ə/)
2. A. promote B. sensor C. insoluble D. pollution
(âm /ɒ/, các từ còn lại âm /ə/)
3. A. urban B. infrastructure C. quality D. inhabitant
(âm /ɒ/, các từ còn lại âm /ə/)
4. A. disturbed B. censored C. detected D. solved
(âm /ɪd/, các từ còn lại âm /d/)
5. A. promotes B. predicts C. wastes D. changes
(âm /ɪz/, các từ còn lại âm /s/)
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. forecast B. design C. ignore D. detect
(nhấn âm 1, các từ còn lại nhấn âm 2)
2. A. resident B. occupy C. inhabit D. conference
(nhấn âm 2, các từ còn lại nhấn âm 1)
3. A. ideal B. complete C. alive D. special
(nhấn âm 1, các từ còn lại nhấn âm 2)
4. A. underground B. contrary C. quality D. improvement
(nhấn âm 2, các từ còn lại nhấn âm 1)
5. A. soluble B. emphatic C. excellent D. probable
(nhấn âm 2, các từ còn lại nhấn âm 1)
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following sentences.
1. He complained about not being informed of the change of plan and insisted on compensating for it.
A B C D
(sửa thành “on being compensated for”, mang nghĩa “được bồi thường)
2. With a view to extend relations with other countries, the government has made every effort to welcome
A B C
foreign investment.
D
(sửa thành “to extending”, lưu ý cấu trúc “with a view to ST/doing ST")
3. Before steel and concrete was introduced as building materials, carpenters had played the major role in
A B C
construction.
D
(sửa thành “were introduced”, lưu ý "steel and concrete” là danh từ số nhiều)
4. Industrial wastes that man discharges them into the sea have a deleterious effect on marine life.
A B C D
(sửa thành “discharges into”, vì “that” đã thay thế cho “industrial wastes”, “them” là thành phần dư)
5. The company is introducing a fire-prevention system that activated by any small increase in temperature.
A B C D
(sửa thành “that is activated” hoặc “activated”; cách sửa đầu là dựa theo ý của câu, hệ thống chống cháy
này cần được kích hoạt”, cách sửa sau là rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ của cách đầu)
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences.
1. There won't be any lecture about urbanization this week, ____?
A. won't there B. will there C. won't it D. will it be
(với câu có "there” làm chủ ngữ, tag-question cần có “there”, ngược lại với "won't" là "will")
2. Nobody is interested in city life in the future, ____?
A. are they B. won't they C. aren't they D. will they
(lưu ý “nobody làm cho câu mang tính phủ định, nên trợ động từ của câu hỏi đuôi là "are”, cùng thì hiện
tại đơn với câu đề)
3. Your father used to swim in the country river, ____?
A. did he B. didn't he C. used he D. not used he
("use to do ST” là động từ thường, nên dùng trợ động từ “did” cho câu hỏi đuôi. Câu mang tính khẳng
định, nên câu hỏi tag là “didn't...)
4. I'm not used to city life, ____?
A. am I B. don't I C. aren't I D. not I
(trong tag-question với “I am”, nếu câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định sẽ là "am I?”. Nếu câu hỏi đuôi phủ định sẽ
là "aren't I?")
5. Please don't shout at your children, ____?
A. aren't you B. won't you C. would you D. will you
(tag-question với câu ra lệnh, dùng trợ động từ “will”. Câu hỏi tag ngược với câu gốc, nên dùng "will
you)
6. We have to wait for the bus, ____?
A. haven't we B. have we C. won't we D. don't we
(“have to do ST” là động từ thường, dùng trợ động từ “do”, trái với câu gốc, tag-question là "don't we")
7. You have just bought a new cassette, ____?
A. did you B. didn't you C. haven't you D. have you
(thì hiện tại hoàn thành, chủ ngữ “you”, dùng trợ động từ “have”; ngược với câu gốc, tag-question là
“have you”)
8. Susana hardly ever speaks to us these days, ____?
A. does she B. doesn't she C. has she D. hasn't she
(lưu ý từ "hardly” làm cho câu gốc mang tính phủ định; thì hiện tại đơn, chủ ngữ ngôi thứ 3 số ít, dùng
trợ động từ “does”)
9. Carl thinks you had better clear the ashes away first, ____?
A. hadn't you B. does he C. had you D. doesn't he
(chia theo “Carl thinks", thì hiện tại đơn, ngôi thứ 3 số ít, dùng trợ động từ “does”)
10. There has not been a great response to the schedule, ____?
 A. does there B. has there C. hasn't it D. has it
(trong câu gốc dùng “there”, câu hỏi đuôi cũng dùng “there”)
11. Let's listen to the radio programs that the teacher mentioned, ____?
A. do we B. won't we C. don't we D. shall we
(lưu ý trong cấu trúc “Let's ...” thì câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là “shall we?")
12. Everybody here loves classic music, ____?
A. isn't he B. do they C. don't they D. is he
(với các từ như "nobody”, “somebody”, “everybody”... thì câu hỏi đuôi dùng từ "they")
13. John does not need to come, ____?
A. does he B. need he C. must he D. will he
("need to do ST” xem như động từ thường, câu hỏi đuôi dùng trợ động từ “does”)
14. They should have gone early, ____?
A. have they B. should they C. haven't they D. shouldn't they
(câu hỏi đuôi dùng modal verb “should” như câu gốc)
15. Something in his report about living standards in big cities is wrong, ____?
A. is it B. aren't they C. isn't it D. are they
(tương tự câu 12)
16. If ice is heated, it ____.
A. would melt B. melts C. is melting D. will have melted
(câu điều kiện loại 0, diễn tả một sự thật)
17. Optimistic people believe that city ____ will have a better live thanks to important achievements in
technology and medicine.
A. citizens B. locals C. dwellers D. occupants
(“dweller” là danh từ, mang nghĩa "người sống ở một nơi nào đó”)
18. Scientists are looking for ways to cut ____ the cost of renewable energy sources.
A. back B. up C. off D. down
("to cut down ST” là cụm động từ, mang nghĩa “cắt giảm cái gì”)
19. They really ripped us ____ at that hotel; they charged me a lot of money.
A. up B. off C. out D. into
(“to rip SB off" là cụm động từ, mang nghĩa “tính ai giá cao hơn bình thường")
20. If you need help, make no ____ to ask.
A. hesitation B. reluctance C. shyness D. embarrassment
(make no hesitation to do ST là cụm động từ, mang nghĩa “đừng ngần ngại làm việc gì”)
21. The main goal of ____ planning is providing a healthier environment for people living in the city.
A. livable B. urban C. rural D. sustainable
("urban planning” là cụm danh từ, mang nghĩa “quy hoạch đô thị”)
22. Many researchers claim that yoga practice and physical activities can improve people's ____ of life.
A. quality B. infrastructure C. habitat D. pace
("quality of life” là cụm danh từ, mang nghĩa “chất lượng cuộc sống”)
23. The reason for all the changes being made to us ____ yet.
A. has not explained B. has not been explained C. did not explained D. were not explained
(lưu ý từ “yet”, dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành với cấu trúc bị động)
24. Experiments in the photography of moving objects ____ in both the United States and Europe well before
1900.
A. were conducting B. were conducted C. had been conducted D. had conducted
(lưu ý “before 1900”, thì quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả một hành động trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ)
25. They took ____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.
A. fruitful B. beneficial C. valid D. effective
(lưu ý từ “measure” mang nghĩa “biện pháp”, dùng với tính từ "effective”, mang nghĩa "có hiệu quả”)
26. In developing countries people are ____ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.
A. breaking B. filling C. pouring D. hurrying
(“pour into” là cụm động từ, trong ngữ cảnh này mang nghĩa "đổ về, tập trung về”)
27. There are other problems of city life which I don't propose to ____ at the moment.
A. go into B. go around C. go for D. go up
("go into” là cụm động từ, trong ngữ cảnh này mang nghĩa “thảo luận”, tương tự "discuss”)
28. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ____ after 11 o'clock at night.
A. did not play B. not to play C. not be played D. were not played
(lưu ý cấu trúc “It is politely requested ... that ...", sau đó là động từ chia ở dạng nguyên mẫu, có hoặc
không có "should”)
29. - A: "The regional authorities failed to provide the poor with essential services such as accommodation,
fresh water and electricity." - B: “____”
A. That's great. B. That's too bad. C. It's too good to be true. D. I have no idea.
(“That's too bad” ở đây dùng để thể hiện sự đồng tình với câu trước)
30. - A: "Jenny is always late for appointments." - B: “Yes. ____”
A. But she is having an appointment.
B. But she will never be appointed to the position.
C. And the appointment is never late, too.
D. And she always knows how to make an excuse.
(make an excuse” là cụm động từ, mang nghĩa “kiếm cớ")
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following sentences.
1. The basic challenge for sustainable agriculture is to maximise the use of locally available and renewable
resources.
A. long-term B. short-term C. beneficial D. harmful
("sustainable” là tính từ, mang nghĩa tính lâu dài, bền vững”, trái nghĩa với “short-term”, mang nghĩa
“ngắn hạn”)
2. Passengers often complain about cancelled and overcrowded coaches and the lack of services.
A. infrequent B. reliable C. empty D. untidy
(“overcrowded” là tính từ, mang nghĩa “rất đông đúc, trái nghĩa với "empty", mang nghĩa “trống rỗng,
trống trải”)
3. We need to do more to make the neighborhood safer and more livable.
A. inhabitable B. uninhabitable C. dangerous D. prosperous
("liveable” là tính từ, mang nghĩa “có thể sống được", trái nghĩa với "uninhabitable”, mang nghĩa
“không thể tồn tại/sống được")
4. The country's infrastructure is in poor condition and needs to be upgraded.
A. improved B. repaired C. examined D. deteriorated
(“upgrade” là động từ, mang nghĩa “nâng cấp”, trái nghĩa với "deteriorate”, mang nghĩa "xuống cấp”)
5. Many new machines have been invented to help doctors to detect diseases early.
A. notice B. recognized C. ignore D. cure
("detect” là động từ, mang nghĩa “phát hiện”, trái nghĩa với “ignore”, mang nghĩa “phớt lờ”)
VI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
THE RISE OF OLDER CITIES
Many older cities are having modern makeovers and they are being given a new (1) ____. Sometimes
the impetus for this (2) ____ of change comes from the need to provide new (3) ____ for particular events being
held in the city - a sporting event, or something (4) ____. On other (5) ____ the change just seems to (6) ____
place almost naturally.
Take Birmingham, for instance, (7) ____ it was previously an (8) ____ place to live, it has now become
trendy, and this change has been (9) ____ largely by the new-look architecture that can be found everywhere in
the city. The old shopping centre has been (10) ____ down and completely rebuilt, and new shopping malls are
competing to attract shoppers with the high quality of their services and goods. The area located around the
canal, once hidden away and surrounded by decaying factories was often used as a rubbish (11) ____, but it has
now become a trendy place (12) ____ up of modern offices, bars, sought-after apartments and restaurants. To
(13) ____ up, Birmingham has become the place to be. Even in what was formerly the poorest part of the city an
old factory has been (14) ____ into a lively complex of studios, galleries and coffee bars. With its theatres,
museums and football teams Birmingham is (15) ____ worth visiting and has something for everyone.
1. A. look B. view C. panorama D. sight
(“look” ở đây là vẻ ngoài, “to be given a new look” mang nghĩa “được khoác lên một diện mạo mới”)
2. A. species B. type C. variety D. brand
("type of ST” là danh từ, mang nghĩa “loại” hoặc “kiểu”, gần nghĩa với “kind of ST”)
3. A. features B. equipment C. facilities D. items
("facility" là danh từ, mang nghĩa "cơ sở thiết bị, cơ sở vật chất”)
4. A. same B. like C. typical D. similar
(“something similar” mang nghĩa “những thứ tương tự”)
5. A. times B. events C. occasions D. happenings
(“On other occasions” là cụm từ, mang nghĩa “những dịp khác” hoặc “ở những lần khác")
6. A. have B. take C. get D. spare
(“to take place” là cụm động từ, mang nghĩa “diễn ra”, gần nghĩa với “happen” hoặc “occur")
7. A. Even B. Since C. As D. Although
("although” chỉ sự tương phản)
8. A. invalid B. unfashionable C. unapproved D. out-of-date
(lưu ý từ “trendy” ở vế sau, mang nghĩa “hợp xu hướng”, tương phản với nó là từ “unfashionable”, mang
nghĩa “không thời thượng”)
9. A. brought about B. come into C. put up D. set out
(“bring about” là cụm động từ, mang nghĩa “mang lại, tạo ra”, hay dùng với các danh từ như “change”
hoặc “benefit")
10. A. hit B. knocked C. pushed D. sent
(“knock down” trong ngữ cảnh này mang nghĩa "đập bỏ”, gần nghĩa với "demolish")
11. A. place B. area C. tip D. hold
(“rubbish tip” là cụm danh từ, mang nghĩa “bãi rác”, gần nghĩa với “rubbish dump" hoặc "landfill site")
12. A. made B. created C. done D. given
("to be made up of ST” mang nghĩa “được tạo thành từ cái gì”)
13. A. sum B. end C. finish D. total
(“to sum up” là cụm từ, mang nghĩa “để kết thúc”, thường hay dùng ở cuối bài khi đưa ra kết luận)
14. A. amended B. connected C. altered D. converted
(“to be converted into ST là cụm từ, mang nghĩa “được chuyển đổi thành cái gì”)
15. A. exactly B. absolutely C. completely D. well
(“to be well worth DOING ST” là cụm từ, mang nghĩa “việc gì đó rất đáng làm”)
VII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
Around the world, Rio de Janeiro is famous for its beautiful beaches and Carnival celebration. But the
city is also known for its poor areas, known as favelas. For years, many favelas had high poverty and crime
rates. However, things are starting to change.
 In the past, many favelas received very little government assistance. Neighborhood residents had to
build their own streets and homes. Gangs were also com guns. However, a new government plan is starting to
change this. The city is sending thousands of police officers into favelas with the goal of driving out the gangs.
In some favelas, the plan is already working. Crime is down, and unlike in the past, children arc playing in the
streets again. New apartment buildings are being built, and the city is providing more services. "In 20 years,"
says police officer Leonardo Nogueira, "the children who live here now ... will be different people."
Police influence is changing the favelas, but something else is, too. Today, more Brazilians are moving
into these neighborhoods because housing is expensive in other parts of Rio. "Favelas are a place for young
doctors without much money to get started and young architects to start working,” explains Simone Miranda, a
Rio tour guide. In the past, favela residents felt different - separate from the rest of Rio. “But now," says
Miranda, "they feel part of the society of Brazil.”
Life is improving in the favelas, but there are still challenges. In some areas, poverty rates are still high.
As students, families, and foreigners move into the favelas, property costs skyrocket. In some places, housing
has more than doubled in price. Despite this, favela residents are hopeful. If Rio can develop these favelas for
all residents – both poor and middle class - the city could become a model for other cities with similar problems.
1. Which of the following best serves as the title for this passage?
A. A History of Rio's Favelas B. Crime on the Rise in Rio's Favelas
C. How Rio's Favelas Are Changing D. Favelas, Rio's New Tourist Destination
(ý chính của bài đọc là “những khu vực nghèo của Rio đang thay đổi như thế nào”)
2. Which of the following is true about favelas in the past?
A. They got a lot of government assistance. B. There were no gangs.
C. Many police officers worked there. D. Children didn't play in the streets very much.
(lưu ý đoạn 2, câu "unlike in the past, children are playing in the streets again")
3. Which statement would tour guide Simone Miranda probably agree with?
A. More favela residents now feel a part of Brazilian culture.
B. The police officers in the favelas cause many problems.
C. Young people from Rio should not move into the favelas.
D. There will be no more favelas in 20 years.
(lưu ý đoạn 2, câu "But now," says Miranda, "they feel part of the society of Brazil.")
4. What is the purpose of the third paragraph?
A. To discuss the high costs of housing in Rio
B. To explain why architects are choosing to study in favelas
C. To talk about how newer residents are changing the favelas
D. To compare favela and non-favela residents
(ý chính của đoạn 3 là “nói về cách mà các cư dân mới của các khu ổ chuột thay đổi nó”, vì đây là nơi
“young doctors"-"bác sĩ trẻ” và “young architects”-“kiến trúc sư trẻ” sinh sống)
5. What does the word "skyrocket" in the passage mostly mean?
A. To increase quickly B. To drop slowly
C. To become dangerous D. To become smaller
("skyrocket" là động từ, mang nghĩa “tăng đột biến”, gần nghĩa với câu A)
VIII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias
against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime,
poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a notional ideology that proclaimed
farming the greatest Occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the
number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the notional landscape. Gradually,
economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and
better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and
suspicions with them. These new urban population, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great
problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.
One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually
operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared
that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver
them only to people who would afford them, some city and state governments responded by regulating the
utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these
reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and
guarantee a fair price.
While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole.
Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should
develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the
rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for
order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to
completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future
growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or
commercial development.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century
B. The role of government in twentieth-century urban renewal
C. Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century
D. Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century
(ý chính của bài đọc này là “các nỗ lực để cải thiện đời sống thành thị ở đầu thế kỉ 20”)
2. The word "bias" in the passage closest in meaning to ____.
A. diagonal B. slope C. distortion D. prejudice
(“bias” hoặc “prejudice” là danh từ, mang nghĩa “định kiến”)
3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas ____.
A. were suspicious of their neighbors
B. were very proud of their lifestyle
C. believed city government had too much power
D. wanted to move to the cities
(lưu ý đoạn 1, câu "a notional ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living
superior to urban living")
4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to ____.
A. participate in the urban reform movement B. seek financial security
C. comply with a government ordinance D. avoid crime and corruption
(lưu ý đoạn 1, câu "Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better
paying jobs in the city.")
5. The word "embraced" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. suggested B. overestimated C. demanded D. welcomed
("embrace” là động từ, mang nghĩa “chào đón”, đồng nghĩa với “welcome”)
6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?
A. They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.
B. They believed private ownership would slow economic growth
C. They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.
D. They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.
(lưu ý đoạn 2, câu "Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant
rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who would afford them")
7. The word "exorbitant" in the passage closest in meaning to ____.
A. additional B. expensive C. various D. modified
("exorbitant” là tính từ, mang nghĩa "rất đắt đỏ”, gần nghĩa nhất với "expensive”)
8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT ____.
A. local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies
B. some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments
C. the availability of services was regulated by local government
D. private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments
(câu D, "các công ty tư nhân cung cấp dịch vụ công cộng thì phải trả phí cho chính quyền địa phương”,
không phải là kết quả của sự cải cách trong bài đọc)
9. The word "Proponents" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. Experts B. Pioneers C. Reviewers D. Supporters
("proponent” là danh từ, mang nghĩa “người ủng hộ”, gần nghĩa với "supporter" hoặc "advocate")
10. Why does the author mention "industrialization"?
A. To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities
B. To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas
C. To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem
D. To illustrate the need for construction of new factories
(lưu ý đoạn cuối, câu “the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took
place without any consideration for order.")
IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following sentences.
1. Poverty and overcrowding are ruining the life of people in many big cities.
A. To make poverty and overcrowding even worse, people in many big cities ruin their life.
B. Due to poverty and overcrowding, the life of people in many big cities is being ruined.
C. Unless there are poverty and overcrowding, the life of people in many big cities won't be ruined.
D. Despite poverty and overcrowding, the life of people in many big cities is being ruined.
(“Due to ST", thể hiện mối quan hệ nguyên nhân-kết quả; tương tự với "because of ST" hoặc "owing to
ST")
2. Do you agree with my view on this issue?
A. Did you see eye to eye with me on this issue?
B. Do you view this issue with my agreement?
C. Can you try to agree with me on this issue?
D. Are you in agreement with my view on this issue?
(thay "agree with ST" bằng "to be in agreement with ST")
3. We stayed in that hotel despite the noise.
A. Because the hotel is noisy, we stayed there.
B. We stayed in the noisy hotel, and we liked it.
C. Although the hotel was noisy, we stayed there.
D. Without the noise, we would have stayed in the hotel.
(thay cấu trúc “despite” với cấu trúc "although”)
4. He didn't hurry, so he missed the plane.
A. If he hurried, he wouldn't miss the plane.
B. If he had hurried, he wouldn't have caught the plane.
C. If he had hurried, he could have caught the plane.
D. He didn't miss the plane because he was hurried.
(câu gốc là quá khứ đơn, viết lại bằng câu điều kiện loại 3, diễn tả một điều không có thật ở quá khứ)
5. No sooner had James begun his new job than he knew his decision was wrong.
A. Just before James took up his new post, he realized that he was not suited for it.
B. As soon as James started working, he realized that his decision had not been a good one.
C. Had James not begun his new job, he would have gone looking for a better one.
D. Since James did not like his new job, he began looking for a better one.
(câu gốc dùng đảo ngữ với “No sooner ... than ...", chuyển bằng cấu trúc “as soon as ...", mang nghĩa
“ngay khi”)
X. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences given.
1. We almost gave up hope. At that time, the rescue party arrived.
A. Only after the rescue party arrived did we give up hope.
B. It was not until the rescue party arrived that we gave up hope.
C. We were on the verge of giving up hope when the rescue party arrived.
D. Had the rescue party not arrived, we wouldn't have given up hope.
(thay "almost gave up" bằng "on the verge of giving up”, “at that time" bằng “when”)
2. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated. Traffic will be heavy, too.
A. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, and traffic will be heavy.
B. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, for traffic will be heavy.
C. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, but traffic will be heavy.
D. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, or traffic will be heavy.
(dùng "and” để nối 2 mệnh đề)
3. Robots can work in situations that are dangerous or harmful for human workers. This is one of the greatest
advantages of robots.
A. Robots can work in situations that are dangerous or harmful for human workers, which is the only
advantage of them.
B. The only difference between robots and humans is that robots can work in situations that are
dangerous or harmful for human workers.
C. Because robots can work in situations that are dangerous or harmful for human workers, they have
more advantages over human beings.
D. One of the greatest advantages of robots is that they can work in situations that are dangerous or
harmful for human workers.
(nối bằng mệnh đề danh ngữ, xem “that they can work ..." là một danh từ, làm vị ngữ trong câu “One of
the advantages of robots is ...")
4. The burglar was trying to break into the shop. He was caught by the night guard when doing so.
A. By the time the night guard caught him, the burglar had broken into the shop.
B. While trying to break into the shop, the burglar was caught by the night guard.
C. Having tried to break into the shop, the burglar was caught by the night guard.
D. Having seen the burglar breaking into the shop, the night guard caught him.
(“while” mang nghĩa “trong khi”)
5. No disapproval of the plan was raised. I suggest we go ahead.
A. Despite the approval of the plan being raised, I suggest we go ahead.
B. In case someone raises the disapproval of the plan, I suggest we go ahead.
C. As nobody raised any disapproval of the plan, I suggest we go ahead.
D. Because the disapproval of the plan might be raised, I suggest we go ahead.
("as” chỉ mối quan hệ nguyên nhân - kết quả)