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LIQUEFIED
NATURAL GAS STORAGE
- First town gas from petroleum in USA and used crude oil
as a feedstock
a) Constituents
- Mixture of HC gas consisting predominantly of
methane
- Inert gas such as N2, CO2, sulphur, mercury,
helium and water vapor may be present
- Constituents is varies for different source as
shown below
Malaysia: Natural Gas Composition
H2S - - - -
C1 96.42 73.335
C2 2.29 15.531
C3 0.23 6.072
i-C3 0 0.14
n-C5 0 0.069
C6 0 0.015
C7 0 0.001
- Table below shows some of physical properties
Storage material:
Cleaning Re-stabilize
Drying Re-vaporize
Liquefying Pumping
Storing
1. Kapasiti storan
3. Kos
7. Pengalaman
Jenis-jenis storan LNG
Large facilities
NFPA 59A (references)
CSA-276
49 CFR Part 193
EN 1473
NFPA 52 (CNG)
NFPA 57 (LNG)
Tanks
Piping
ASME B31.3
Design Procedure
Jumlah 870
Penyelesaian
Fwall
S
ΠDt
6
4. 96 x 10
S
x Dx t
6
4. 96 x 10
3. 14 x 72. 6 x 0. 0136
6 2
1. 6 x 10 kg/m
2 2
kg 2. 2 lb 0. 3048 m 1 kaki
1. 6 x 10 2 x
6
x
x
m 1 k g 1 kaki 12 inci
2270 Psi
Nota:
X = kedalaman
r = ketumpatan LNG.
Proses Rollover
Berat Tangki Penuh D 62 x H x Ketumpatan
4
x 1852 x 130 x 27
4
94.35 juta lbs
L2
ln kT2 T1
L1
33 - 0 11 x 10-6
L0
ln
11 x 106 0 33 363 x 106
L33
L150
ln
9.5 x 106 150 0 1425 x 106
L0
L162
ln
7.2 x 106 162 150 86.4 x 106
L150
L162 6
ln 1874. 4 x 10
L33
L162
exp 1874.4 x 106 0.99813 1 0.00187
L33
At ap Keluli 9% Nikel
P enyokong
At ap
P enebat
P aras T anah
Nozel Semburan
P aras Cecair
P aip
P embeku
Kawasan
Beku
T anah
P enebat
Pemeriksaan dan Modifikasi Storan LNG
1. Luaran tangki
– Semua bahagian ( 7 kategori) – label,
tapak, sistem pemanas, sistem operasi, cat
dan sebagainya
2. Liquefaction system
- Cold box
- Insulation in the cold box
3. Loading and unloading system
- Piping
- Compressor
- Pump or compressor
4. Sendout system
- Vaporizer
5. Fire protection system
- Emergency shutdown and security procedures
6. Manpower and training
7. Security system
8. Electrical and meter control stations
Pengujian Semula Tangki LNG
1. Pengeluaran cecair
2. Pemanasan tangki
3. Pembersihan menggunakan nitrogen
4. Pembersihan menggunakan udara
Question
Ethane 60
Propane 20
n-Butane 10
i- Butane 10
53.47 14.73 19.73 lb / in2
23lb / ft 3
ft 3 144in2
0.8265 2 x 2
in 1 ft
119 ft
b)
4
80.372 x106 lb
Maka
Kehilangan
Peratus Hilang x100
Berat
38451.22
6
x100
80.372x10
0.0478%
c) L
ln 0 11x106 0 33 363x106
L33
L
ln 150 9.5x106 150 0 1425x106
L0
L
ln 162 7.2 x106 160 150 86.4 x106
L150
Jadi
L
ln 0 1874x106
L162
ln 33
1.001876
ln 162
1 0.001876
0.99812
Ukur Lilit Tangki
Awal 2r
191
2 xx 600 ft
2
Akhir 600x0.99812 598.84 ft
Pengurangan Awal Akhir
600 598.84
2.256 ft
2.256
PeratusPengurangan x100 0.376%
600
Diameter Akhir 191x0.99812
190.64 ft