eS ts ee ea uel Als |. Magnetic dipole moment, m = q,, X 21 2, Magnetic dipole moment of a current loop, m = NIA 8, Magnetic field due to a short magnetic dipole @ At axis B= He 2M 4n Yo M G) Atequatorial, By, = Gey 4, Elements of earth's magnetic field Horizontal 1 H=B, cos 0 eee ne } where @= angle of dip. Vertical component — V=B, sin 0 sun o=Land = VIPs? H 5, Magnetic moment of an orbital electron 6. Orbital magnetic dipole moment of an electron in nth orbital, oh = SE ma Sao tala) 7, Magnetic susceptibility 1, = JULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Choose and write the correct option in the following questions. 1, Magnetism in substances is caused by {(@) orbital motion of electrons only ® spin 1ofelections o1ly 6) duc to spin and orbital motions of electrons both (@) hidden magnets 2. A toroid of n turns, mean radius R and cross-sectional radius a carries current [It is placed on a horizontal table taken as X-Y plane. Its magnetic moment m INCERT Exemplar] (@) isnon-zero and points in the Z-direction by syaunetry @ poiuts along the axis of the toroid (ar = and) {o) is zero, otherwise here would be a field falling as + ac kage distmices outside the toroid. (@) is pointing radially outwards, . Magnetism and Matter ]1073. The magnetic field of Earth can be modelled by that of a point dipole placed at the centre of the Earth. The dipole axis makes an angle of 11.3° with the axis of Earth, At Mumbai, declination is nearly zero. Then, INCERT Exemplar] @ the declination varies between 11.3° W to 11.3? B. (0) the least declination is 0° (©) the plane defined by dipole axis and Eaith axis passes through Greenwich. (@) declination averaged over Earth must be always negative, 4, Ina plane perpendicular to the magnetic meridian, the dip needle will be (@) vertical (0) horizontal (6) inclined equal to the angle of dip at that place (@) pointing in any direction 5. If the horizontal and vertical components of earth's magn the angle of dip is (@) 90° (®) 60" (©) 45° oor 6, Magnetism in a substance is due to (@) orbital motion of electrons only eld are equal at a certain place, jotion of electrons only (© both orbital and spin motion of electrons (@) none of the above cause magnetism 7. A stationary magnet does not interact with (@) magnet (©) stationary charge (0 iron rod (@) moving charge 8. A bar magnet AB with magnetic moment M is cut into two equal parts perpendicular to its axis. One part is kept over the other so that end B is exactly aver A. What will be the magnetic moment of the combination so formed? M 3M o> @ OM (d) Zero 9. ST unit of magnetic pole strength is ampere ampere volt (a) ampere-meter 8) eter? (0) nates @) sheter of magnetic permeability jt is ( Nt (@) Both Wain! and NA 11, The unit of magnetic permeability of vacuum is, (@) NAP Tr (NX @ Nat 12, A bar magnet of magnetic length 2/ has pole strength p and magnetic moment m. Then m is equal to (@ pi directed from north pole to south pole (@) Pldivected from south pole to north pole ected from north pole fo south pole ected from south pole to north pole 13. The major contribution of magnetism in substances is due to {@) orbital motion of electrons (©) spin motion of electrons {6} equally due to orbital and spin motions of electrons (@) hidden magnets 108] Physics-XIl: Term-1a. 15. 16. 7. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Asensitive magnetic instrument can be shielded very effectively from outside fields by placing it inside a box of {@) teak wood (6) plastic material (0 soft iron of high permeability (@) a metal of high conductivity Earth's magnetic field inside a closed iron-box, us compared lo that outside is (a) more (6) less (6) same (@ zero ‘The line on the earth's surface joining the points where the field is horizontal is called @ (@) magnetic axis © (@) magnetic equator ‘The angle between the magnetic meridian and the geographical meridian is known as (a) magnetic dip (6) magnetic declination fe) magnetic moment (a) magnetic field strength Earth's magnetic field always has a horizontal component except at (@) equator (6) magnetic pole (¢) at latitude 60° (@) at latitude 30° ‘Two bar magnets of same geometry with magnetic moments M and 2M are first placed in such way that their similar poles are on the same side, then its period of osci T,,Now the polarity of one of the magnets is reversed, then the time period of oscillations is T; then, @T, Ty ON=T @T% ‘The time-period of a freely-suspended magnet is independent of (a) length of the magnet (@) moment of inertia of the magnet {¢) horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field (@) length of the suspension At a certain place a magnet makes 30 oscillations/mi field is double, its time period will be {@) 4second (8) Qsecond (6 05 second (© VB second ‘The period of oscillation ofa bar magnet in a vibration magnetometer is 2 second. The period of oscillation of a bar magnet whose magnetic moment is 4 times that of first magnet is, (@ 4 second (2) V second (©) 2 second (@) 0.5 second . At another pk where the magnetic ‘Two identical bar magnets are fixed with their centers at a distance ‘d apart. A stationary charge + Qis placed at P in between the gap of the two magnets at a distance D from the centre O as shown in fig. ‘The force on charge +Q is (©) divected along OF (b) directed along PO {e) divected perpendicular to the plane of the paper (@) 2er0 Magnetism and Matter {10924. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. A current ‘i ampere flows through an infinitely long straight thin walled tube, then the magnetic induction at any point inside the tube is Yo 2 (@ infinite (zero ow @ % ‘The length of a magnet is large compared to its width und breadth. The time period of its oscillations in a vibration magnetometer is 2 s. The magnet is cut along the length into three equal parts and then placed on each other with their like poles together. The time period of mm will be this combin: a v3 ‘The magnetic induction and the intensity of magnetic field inside an iron pole of an electromagnet are 1 Wb m™ and 150 Am” respectively. The relative permeability of iron must be fa) 2s () Ss © 2s @ 10° 10° 10° 10° Oe © oe O® © ‘A vibration magnetometer consists of two identical bar magnets placed one over the other such that they are perpendicular and bisect each other, The time period of oscillator in a horizontal magnetic field is (2)°'* seconds. If one of the magnet is removed and the other ‘magnet oscillate in the same field, then the time period will be: @ 4s (b) 285 2s @ 24s, antl Tn an experiment with vibration magnetometer the value of for a short bar magnet is observed as 36 X 104. In the experiment with deflection magnetometer wilh the same magnet, the value of ie ) tan Bis observed as HI. The magnetic moment ofthe magnet used is @ 50A- mt © 1004-w? {c) 200 A~m? (d) 1000 A~ m® A bar magnet has a magnetic moment equal ta 5 x 10" weber-metre, Tt is suspended in a magnetic field which has a magnetic induction B = 8x x 10~'T. The magnet vibrates with a period equal to 15 seconds. The moment of inertia of the magnet is (a) 7.35 x 10" kgm? (b) 7.26 x 1 (6) 7.22 x 10" kgm? (a) 7.16 x 1 A magnetic needle of weight IV has a magnetic moment m. IF the needle is to be maintained horizontal in northern hemisphere, where should the point of support lie relative to its centre of gravity. [Vertical component of earth's magnetic field is V and horizontal component of earth's magnetic field is.) —21— eV ‘Support 4 ce ey OW nw mv © Or Ht OW 110] Physics-Xil: Term-1Answers Lo 26) (a) 4) BO) 6.0) 7.0) 8.(a) %@ 10) A) LH) HO — BL) 16.) 17.0) 18.) 18 (a) BO) BL) BR) BBL UH) BALD) 25. (0) 26d) BT (e) BB) BB) BOCA) ey Sats ee ed Attempt any 4 sub-parts from each question. Each question carries I mark. EARTH'S MAGNETISM: A magnetic field exists everywh fe around the earth and earth behaves as ifa powerful magnet is placed at the centre of earth in such a way that its north pole is towards south of earth and south pole is towards north of earth. freely suspended magnetic needle always stays along north-south direction, The north pole of is towards north of earth and south pole is towards south of earth. When magnetic lines of magnet are drawn, eutral points are obtained. Neutral points are those where net magnetic field is zero. The existence of these points indicates that earth has its own magnetic field and at these points the magnetic field of magnet is cancelled by earth's ‘magnetic field. <_pAxis of rotation of earth Atthe magnetic north pole of earth, the north pole of magnetic needle points towards the noxth; while at the south pole of earth, the south pole of magnetic needile points towards the south. From this it is conchided that the south and noxth poles of fiictitious magnetic dipole deep inside the earth must be in northern and southern hemispheres respectively. The line joining the two places where the needle becomes perfectly horizontal is called the magnetic equator. The ‘magnetic equator intersects the geographical equator at longitudes 6° W and 174° E respectively, Icis found that the angle between magnetic axis and the axis of earth's yotation is nearly 11.5°. The observations taken at different times show that the positions of earth's changes gradually, Magnetism and Matter 111(The Tine on the earth’s surface joining the points where the field is horizontal is called (@) magnetic meridian (©) magnetic as (©) magnetic line (a) magnetic equator (ii) The magnetic field of earth can be modelled by that of a point dipole placed at the centre of the earth. The dipole axis makes an angle of 11.3° with the axis of earth. At Mumbai, declination is nearly zero. Then, (the ded () the least declination is 0° (©) the plane defined by dipole axis and earth axis passes through Greenwich ion varies between 11,9° W to LL E (@) declination averaged over earth must be alvays negative ian, the dip needle will be In a plane perpendicular to the magnetic meri (a) vertical (@ horizontal (¢)inelined equal to the angle of dip at that place (@) pointing in any direction () If the horizontal and vertical components of earth's magnetic field are equal at a certain place, the angle of dip is (a) 90° © 60° was ae (©) Earth’s magnetic field always has a horizontal component except at (@) equator (© magnetic pole (6) at katitude 60° (d) at latitude 80° ‘Answers 112| 1. @) (dj; The equator. (i) (@); The axis of dipole makes an angle of 11.9° with the axis of the earth and the declination varies between 11.3° W (o 11.3" E depending upon the point of observation, (Gi) (a); Tn plane perpendicular to the magnetic meridian, the dip needle will be vertical o) (0): Here, By = By ihe earth’s surface joining the points where the field is horizontal is magnetic ln baa? (0) (b); At magnetic poles, the horizontal component of Earth’s Magnetic field is zero. 2. ATOMIC MODEL OF MAGNETISM: Every matter is formed of atoms. According to atomic model of magnetism, each atom is a complete magnetic dipole. Each atom, consist of a positively charged small nuclens at the centre and electrons revolve around the micleuss in definite orbits. The motion of the electrons around, the nucleus is identical to that of earth around the sun. The electrons revalye around the nucleus ina definite orbit and the motion is called orbital motion, The electron spins about its own axis and the motion is called spin motion. This spin motion may be clockwise or anticlockwise. Physics—XIl: Term-1Elocton spinning on its axis Election orbiting around the nucious ze ‘ 5 is produced due to both orbital motion and spin motion. However, most of the magnetic moment is produced due to spin motion and very small contribution due to tal motion. (@ The orbital magnetic moment due to orbital motion of electron @ear 0) Seer (d) none of these Anatom is a current loop. It electron due to its assumed that the magnetism of atom is caused by revol (@) orbital motion © spin motion (6) both (@) and (b) (d) none of these ji) The major part of magnetism is caused by (@) spin motion (©) orbital motion (6) both (a) and (6) (d) none of these (ix) An electron moving in a circular orbit of radius r makes n rotations per second, ‘The magnetic field produced at the centre is cal Hote Hone fHyne as os O= oF (®) The primary origin(s) of magnetism is (@) atomic currents (6) Pauli exelusion principle (©) invinsic spin of electron (d) both (@) and (©) Answers 2) OIR-e Oar Area of current loop, Oar wr ary (i) (0; When electron revolve around the nucleus, the magnetism is caused by both angular momentum duc to spin motion and linear momentum due to orbital motion, Gi) (a); The major part of magnetism is caused by angular moment motion of electron. a of electron ie, spin Magnetism and Matter 113bal Ge) (d)s B at contre =~ Here, So, (o) @s The pr 2 dane Hane oF 1y origin of may n depends on atomiccurrentand intrinsic spin ofelectron. ASSERTION-REASON QUESTIONS In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices. (a) (b) ) (d) 1 2 3. 8 9. 0. Both A and Rare true and R is the correct explanation of A. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. Ais true but R is false. Ais false and R is also false. Assertion (A) + Reason (R) Assertion (A) Reason (R) Assertion (A) Reason (R) Assertion (A) Reason (R) Assertion (A) Reason (R) Assertion (A) Reason (R) Assertion (A) Reason (R) Assertion (A) Reason (R) Assertion (A) Reason (R) Assertion (A) Reason (R) Answers L® 2@ % (1H) 114) Ifa compass needle be kept at in any direction, + Dip needle will stay vertical at the north pole of Earth, agnetic n rth pole of Earth, the compass needle + Earth’s magnetic field does not affect the working ofa moving coil galvanometer. Earth’s magnetic field is very weak. + Gauss’s theorem is not applicable in magnetism. + Magnetic monopoles do not exist. + The magnetic poles ofa magnet can never he separated. + Every atom of a magnetic substance is a complete dipole. + The poles of a magnet cannot be separated by breaking into two pieces, + The magnetic moment will be reduced to half when a magnet is broken into two, equal pieces. + The magnetic moment (1) ofan electron revolving around the nucleus decreases, with increasing principal quantum number (7), (aus 2015] + Magnetic moment of the revolving electron, 4% ti. + When radius ofa circular loop carrying current is doubled, its magnetic moment becomes four times. [AUMS 2018] + Magnetic moment depends on area of the loop, + The magnetic poles of earth do not coincide with the geographic poles. [aus 2010) + The discrepancy between the orientation of a compass and true north-south direction is known as magnetic declination, netic susceptibility is a pure number: [4uMs 2009 + The value of magnetic susceptibility for vacuum is one, + Susceptibility is defined! as the vatio of intensity of magnetisation 7 to magnetic intensity [AUS 2018] + Greater the value of susceptbilty, smaller the value of intensity of magnetisation 1, 3. (a) 40a) 5b) 6d) Tea) 8a) Physics—XIl: Term-1HINTS/SOLUTIONS OF SELECTED MCQs 1. (©) Magnetism in substance is caused by spin and orbital motion of electrons 2. {¢) In toroid, the magnetic field is only confined inside the body of toroid in the form of concentric magnetic lines of force andl these is no magnetic field outside the body: ‘because the loop encloses no current. Thus, the magnetic moment is zero, otherwise, 7 as lange distance outside the toroid, m 2 3. (@) Forthe carth’s magnetism, the magnetic field lines of the earth resemble that ofa hypothetical magnetic dipole located at the centre of the earth. The axis of the dipole does not coincide with the axis of rotation of the earths but itis presently Tited by 11.3" with respeet to the latex, Hence, the declination varies between 11.3" W to LL.3°E. 4. (a) The angle of dip would change of needle to placed in the geometric meridian. The vertical component would remain the same but the horizontal component would change, Hence, needle would ¥ mnain vertical in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic meridian 5. = b=45" wT 12. @) m=px21=2pl(StoN) 19. (a) a. oscillation/sec 22. 23. {d) Force ona stationery charge in magnetic field is zero, 24. (0) Magnetic induction inside a hollow carrent tube aay 210 Tagg (TE Td Vomit FOS 25. 26. dy pe sBeSe esses eee eg MoH anxio?xi5o Gt Magnetism and Matter [11527. (c) When magnets are perpendicular, magnetic moment, im, = vn? + 2m 3 a vt V Butt T= ML of each magnet T= y is removed, then, (I) +) Multiply (1) and (2), w= 10" on = 100A! #) (22 uno) 36x 104 xt 29. (d) Heve,m = 5 x 10° Whom, B = 80x 104T. T= 19s vi se et mB 10 <8e x 104 4 _ Uses = 7.16% 107 kgm? <— 1— ‘eV Support 30. (a) ss iV OW Wex=4,Vx0 3 Ween wt W =e 116] Physics-XIl: Term-1