SST USM CeO LT is EOC eA (es IMPORTANT FORMULAE 1, Electrie Potential: Due to a charged conducting sphere or charged spherical shell of radius R. 1 Vet ae res lteter PoE 4% iii) Net potential difference V= V+ Va+ Vy (6) Capacitors in Parallel: ( Net capacitance, C= C, + C,+C (é Potential difference is same across all capacitors = V_=V (same for all) Gif) Charge, q = 9) + 9+ 95 12, Energy stored in a capacitor, v git cv? = =v a ag 38 13. Electrostatic energy density, u,= Lege? (in ain) and Lez? (in medium) 2 2 Effect of Introducing a dielectric between plates of a charged parallel plate enpac B | Physical A When battery When battery is removed before | No. Quantity remains connected introduction of dielectric () | Capacitance (6) increases Keiimes increases K-times (2) | Charge (Q) incresses Kies Ponce couiaal | 1 (8) Blectrie Field remains constant Accreases times (| ei Pca dala ae (| Hecronac Energy Stored | ice Kies ea JULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Choose and write the correct option in the following questions. 1, ‘The ratio of charge to potential of a body is known as (@ capacitance (© inductance (0 conductance d) resistance 2. On moving a charge of 20 C by 2 em, 2 J of work is done. Then the potential difference between the points is @ OAV sv ev os 3. In brining an electron towards another electron, the electrostatic potential energy of the system (@) increases (0) decreases (©) remains unchanged (d) becomes zero 4, Electric potential of earth is taken to be zero, because earth is a good {@) insulator (6) conductor (0) semi-conductor (d dielectric 28 | Physics-Xil: Term-16. 8 10. Some charge is being given to a conductor. Then, its potential (@) is maximum at surface, (@) is maximum at centre. © (@) is taxi sniains the same throughout the conductor: somewhere between surface and centre, Equipotential surface associated with an electric field, whiel the X-direction, are (@) planes parallel to ¥Z-plane. (0) planes parallel to XZ-plane. (c) planes parallel to X¥-plane. (@) coaxial cylinder of increasing radii around the X-axis, What is angle between electric field and equipotential surface? (@) 90° always (6) 0" always (o) 0° to 90" fd) Oto 180" released from rest in an uniform electric field. The electric INCERT Exemplar] potential energy of the charge (@) remains a constant because the eleetrie field is uniform. (6) increases because the charge moves along the electric field. (c) decreases because the charge moves along the electric field () decreases hecause the charge maves apposite to the electric field. es distributed in space. A charged object is moved from INCERT Exemplar] re shows some equi point A to point B. 8 8 —— & pn ——n Scns foo == a 8 0 w (@) The work done in Fig. () is the greatest () The work done in Fig. (i is least (©) The work donc is the same in Fig. (), Fig. Gi) and Fig. (i), (@) The work done in Fig, (i) is greater thon Fig. (i) but equal to that in Fig. 1g sphere is 100 V. Two INCERT Exemplar] ‘The electrostatic potential on the surface of a charged condu statements are made in this regard: 5, inside the sphere, electric intensity is zero, Sp At any point inside the sphere, the electrostatic potential Which of the following is a correct statement? (8) is true but 83 is false, (@ Both S, and (© 1 is true, Sis abo true andl S; is the cause of So. @ 8; is true, Sp is also true but the statements are independent. 100 v, are false. Potential and Capacitance | 2930 11. Equipotentials at a great distance from a collection of charges whose total sum is not zero are approximate INCERT Evemplor] (a) spheres (0) planes (© paraboloids 12, Four capacitors, each 50 ji are connected as shown. The DC voltmeter V reads 100 V. The charge on each plate of each capacitoris = 1K = Ballery (2x °c 5x 10 ooze Mose 13. A parallel plate capacitor is made of two dielectric blocks in series. One of the blocks has thickness d, and dielectric constant A, and the other has thickness dy and dielectric constant ‘ky as shown in figure. This arrangement can be thought as a dielectric slab of thickness d (= 4d, +d,) and effective dielectric constant k. The his INCERT Exemplar] 4y Ky ae ky hyd, thd, kd, thydy Oa oT 4+, atk, Aya, +4, 2 ky O hath, @ ik 14, Equipotential surfaces INCERT Exemplar] {@) ave closer in regions of lange electric fields compared to regions oflower elecue fields. (0) will be more crowded near sharp edges of a conductor: (© will be more crowded near regions of large charge densities. {d) all of the above 15. A 2 uF capacitor is charged to 200 volt and then the battery is disconnected. When it is connected in parallel to another uncharged capacitor, the potential difference between the plates of both is 40 volt. The capacitance of the other capacitor is (@) 2yF (b) 4uF (©) 8yF (@ 16 pF 16. Two identical metal plates, separated by a distance d form a parallel-plate capacitor. A metal sheet of thickness d/2 is inserted between the plates. The ratio of the capacitance after the insertion of the sheet to that before insertion is @ Bu () 221 @l:l @ 1:2 17, identical capacitors joined in parallel are charged to @ common potential V. The battery is disconnected. Now, the capacitors are separated and joined in series. For the new combination: (a) energy and potential difference both will remain unchanged. (®) energy will remain same, potential difference will become (©) energy and potential both will become 1 times (@) energy will become n times, potential difference will remain 1; Physies-Xil: Term-119. 20. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. the plates, where d is the separation between the plates, The dielectric constant of the slab is uu @ © aT 7 u ont o> ‘Two capacitors of capacitances 3 |.F and 6 \W are charged to a potential of 12 V each. They are now connected to each other, with the positive plate of each joined to the negative plate of the other. The potential difference across 3 \F will be sv () rer0 ov Wav the plates of a parallel plate capacitor are 4 cm apart, the first plate is at 300 V and the second plate at - 100 V. The voltage at 3 cm from the second plate is, (@) 200 () 400 V (© 250V (@) 500V ‘The potent trom its centre is @ Vv wo wv @40v Proton has a mass of 1840 times that of an electron. If proton is accelerated from rest by a potential difference of 1 volt, its kinetic energy is (a) 1840 eV @) Lev (© Lmev @o When charge is supplied (o a conductor, its potential depends upon (a) the amount of charge (b) geometry and size of conductor (6) both (a) and (6) (@) only on (@) A dipole is placed parallel to electric field, If W is the work done in rotating the dipole from 0° to 60°, then work done in rotating it from 0° to 180° is @2w am oar ot of a charged spherical conductor of radius ris 10 V. The potential at a point A charge @ is supplied to a metallic conductor. Which of the following statements is correct? (@) Blectric field inside it is same as on the surface. (0) Flectric potential inside (6) Electric potent (@) Blectric potential inside itis constant. on the surface is zero, Work done to bring a unit positive charge un-accelerated from infinity to point inside electric field is called (a) electric field (@) eleewie potential (©) capaciumee (@) eleewie Dux Electric potential due to a point charge -1 at distance x from s given by @ Electric field is always (@) paralcl to equipotential surface (® perpendicular to equipotential surface (e) it can be perpendicular and parallel as well (@) it oes not depends on distribution of change Potential and Capacitance | 3130. 31. 32. 33. 34, 36. 37. 38. ‘The electric potential due to an electric dipole at an axial point, distant r from the dipole is related to ras @r art oF dr Apositive charge’ is moved around another positive charge Qon circular path. Ifthe radius of the circular path is r, the work done on the charge Q' in making one complete revolution @ anes @ ®) () 2e10 @ ner ner ‘The electric potential at a point in an electric field has the unit of @ mac () NmvG wo NGm @ Cun ‘An electron is accelerated under a potential difference of 200 Y. Energy gained by itin electron volt is f@) 50eV () 100ev (©) 200 ev (@) 100 ev ‘There exists a potential difference of 5 V between two points in an electric field. Work done in moving a charge of 7 € from one point to the oth @ 57J ) WBS 355 @) 95 J ‘A charge q contain n electrons each of mass m. This charge is accelerated under the potential difference V. The speed acquired by the charg ae ed or 2 @ ® © Var @ mn? Attest charge q, is brought from infinity along the perpendicular bisector of an electric dipole. ‘The work done on go by the electric field of the dipole is (a) zero (0) negative (¢) positive (d) proportional to go If 1000 droplets each of charge g and radius r are combined (o form a big drop, then the potential of big drop, as compared to small droplet will be @ 1000 times (#) 100 times (©) 10 times (@) 10" times, otentials. ‘The diagrams below show regions of eq) 4oV 20V, 40v 10V sev, A BA Ea pas tov WV 10 30V 2Dy sev 1 1 a Vv A positive charge is moved from d to B in each diagram, (a) Inall the four cases the work done is the same, (@) Minimum work is required to move q in figure (I (0. Maximum work is required to move qin figure (II). (d) Maximum work is required to move q in figure (IT). Capacitor is a device used to store (@) change (0) electrostatic energy (9 electric field (d) none of these 32 | Physics-Xll: Term-139. of capacitance is (@) volt ©) coulomb (¢) ohm (@) fara 40. A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery. Once it is charged, the battery is removed. ‘Now adiclectric material is inserted between the plates of the capacitor, which of the following does not change? (@) Blectric field between the plates (6) Poten rge on the plates @) difference across the plates ry Moved in the capacitor lel plate capacitor C has a charge Q. The actual charges on the plates are OQ 42. Three capacitors of capacitances 1 1K, 2 iF & 3 F are connected in series and a potential difference of 11V is applied across the combination then the potential difference across the plates of 1 pF capacitor is 7 Ww @ev @3Vv wav ov 43. On reducing potential across a capacitor, its capacitance (a) decreases {) increases (0) remains constant (@) first increases then decreases 44, A charge Q is supplied to a metallic conductor. Which of the following is correct? (@) More in case of sphere (0) More in case of cube (©) Same in both cases (@) Information incomplete 45. Energy stored ina in a charged capacitor is given by: cv. ce z oF o> ore o> 46. If'n number of equal capacitors each of capacitance C are connected in series then equivalent capacitance will be given as: faynxc OF (nte @ rte 47. Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor when there is no medium between the plates in Gy If capecitor is now completely filled with dicleetric matter of constant K then eapueitance is ©, oe (0) KCo, © RC, (d) 2KCo 48. A parallel plates capacitor is charged by connecting a battery across its plates. If the battery remains connected and a dielectric material is inserted in between the plates of the capacitor, then {@) potential difference across the capacitor inereases (0) electric field remains the same (@) capacitance increases {all the above tential and Capacitance | 3349. 50. Bl. 82. 33. 35. 56. 37. 38. 39, 34 ‘The capacitance of spherical conductor of radius 10 mis (@) 10 Farad (0) 19 x 10° fad 1 1 9x10" 9108 Four capacitors, each of capacitance 0.5 Fare connected in parallel. The resultant capacitance of the combi (a) 0.5 uF (0) 0.125 uF (© 2k (@) tuk ‘Three capacitors, cach of capacitance | Fare connected in series. The resultant capacitance of the combination is faxad w © farad @ tur ) Sar (© 9yF (@) 0.5 pF he relation between the capacitance ofan isolated spherical conductor situated in air and its radius is: (@) Car (i) Calir Car @ Car ‘Two points P and Q are maintained at the potential of 10 V and ~4 V respectively. The work done in moving 100 electrons from P to Q is (@ -t0 x 1075 (@) 9.60 x 1077 J fo) 2.24 x 10 | 224% 10 | A parallel-plate capacitor, with air between the plates has capacitance 3 F. I'the capacitor is immersed in liquid of dielectric constant 4.0, its capacitance will be (@) 0.75 uF () 15 ak (© Gur (@) 12 uF ‘The distance between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is doubled. Its new capacitance will be 1 2 (a) 20 o> oe (ac Which of the following is the correct relation among the capacitance, potential & charge? a g=cv @q=e'" @geev" @q=cr" What is the area of the plates of a 3F parallel plate capacitor, if the separation between the plates is 5 mm? (a) 1,694 X 10° m® (6) 4.529 x 107m? (6) 9.981 x 10% m? (@) 1.281 x 10° m? ‘A parallel plate capacitor has plates with area A and separation d. A battery charges the plates toa potential difference V,. ‘The battery is then disconnected and a dielcetric slab of dielectric constant K and thickness troduced. The ratio of energy stored in the capacitor before and after the slab is introduced is w@k we or Og Five capacitors are connected as shown in the figure. The equivalent capacitance between A and Bis au x bur | eN 8 2uF (@ Une () 20F (© 3uP @) 4 nF Physies-XIl: Term—160. A capacitor is charged by a battery. The battery is removed and another identical uncharged capacitor is connected in parallel. The total electrostatic energy of resulting system {@) decreases by a factor of 2 (6) remains the same {6 increases by a factor of 2 (d) increases by a factor of 4 61, 8 small droplets of water of same size and same charge form a large spherical drop. The potential of the large drop, in comparison to potential of a small drop, will be (a) 2 times (@) 4 times () Btimes (d) same 62. A capacitor is charged through a p.d. of 200 volts and possesses charge of 0.1 coulomb. When discharged it would release an energy of @1y ) J (Woy (@ 20) 63. A 500 uF capacitor is charged at a steady rate of 100 uC per second. A potential difference of 10 V will be developed between the capacitor plates after @ 3s @) 10s (20s d) 508 64. A parallel-plate capacitor has a plate area of 2 m’ and a plate separation of 10 cm. It carries a charge of 8.85 x 10°" C. The electric field is {@) zero between the plates {@) vero ouside the plates {6) different at different points between the plates (©) 25 NC between the plates 65. A capacitor of capacitance 2uF has been charged to 200 V. It is now resistance, the heat produced in the wire is (a) 400) () 0.02] (© 0.04) (d) 0.08 J 66. An air filled parallel plate capacitor has a capacitance 1 pF. The separation of the plates is doubled and wax inserted between them, which makes the capacitance 2 pF. This implies that dielectric constant of wax is fa) 20 was 40 @ so 67. ‘Three capacitors of capacitance 3 WH, 9 AF and 18 uF are connected first in series and then in parallel. The ratio of equivalent capacitance in two cases (C,/C,) will be (@ 1:15 (ase asl @is 68. ‘Two identical capacitors joined in parallel are charged to a common potential 1/2. The battery is disconnected. Now, the capacitors are separated and joined in series. For the new combination: (a) Energy and pd. both will remain unchanged. (@) Bnergy will remain same, pd. will become P {¢) Energy and potential both will become 2 times. ischarged through a (@) Energy will become 2 times, p.d. will remain V 69. A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitor of 9 pl. ‘The separation between its plates is ‘a’. The space between its plates is now filled with two dielectric. One 05 die aes asf, aoa eases WAN eon diclectr onstant K, = 6 and thickness 4. Capacitance of the capacitor is now (@) 40.5 pF () 20.25 pF (0 1.8 pF (a) 45 pF : Potential and Gapacitance | 3636 70. uit 72. 73. 74. 15. 76. 77. 78. 79. ‘The capacitance ofa capacitor becomes -& times its original value i's dicleceie sab of thickness ¢ = Ld is introduced in between the plates, where d is the separation between the plates. The dielectric constant of the slab is ot or of ot ‘Two capacitors of capacitances 3 :F and 6 uF are charged to a potential of 12 Veach. They are now connected to cach other, with the positive plate of each joined to the negative plate of the other. The potential difference across each will be @sv (@) zero w6v Wav ‘The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are 4 cm apart, the first plate is at 300 V and the second plate at - 100 V. The voltage at 1 cm from the first plate is (a) 200 (@) 400 V (©) 250V (@) 500 IC the potential of a capacitor having capacitance 6 j{F ix increayed from 10 V to 20 V, the increase in energy is @9x07y (6) 45 x 10° 12x 10%y (2.25% 10°J A battery is used to charge a parallel plate capacitor till the potential difference between the plates becomes equal to the emf of the battery. ‘The ratio of the energy stored in the capacitor and the work done by the battery will be we wt ot @1 Three concentric spherical shells have radii a, 6 and ¢ (a <6 Vo WE > Eo @U>Uy ‘A number of condensers, each of capacitance 1) and each one of which gets punctured if a ped. just exceeding 500 V is applied, are provided. Then an arrangement suitable for giving a capacitor of capacitance 111F across which 3000 volts may be applied requires at least (@) 6 component eapacitors (6) 12 component capacitors (6) 72 component capacitors (@) 86 component capacitors A parallel-plate capacitor of plate area A and plate separation d is charged to a potential difference V and then the battery is disconnected. A slab of dielectric constant K is then inserted between the plates of the capacitor so as (o fill the space between the plates. If, and W denote respectively the magnitude of charge on each plate, the electric field between the plates (after the slab is inserted) and work done by the system, in question, in the process of inserting the slab, then which of the following is false? ey Kav O 4g= FT @ weed" (4) ‘Two identical metallic plates are given positive changes Q, and Q, (Qy < Q,)s If these plates are brought together to form a parallel plate capacitor, then potential difference between them will be + + 7 - of oe ow At Consider a situation shown in figure. The capacitor has chargeq on it whereas Bis uncharged. ‘The charge appearing on the capacitor 8, a long time after the switch S is elosed is MT (@) zero wt © Oe Each of two identical capacitors has capacitance C. one of them is charged to a potential F, and the other to a potential V,, The negative terminals of capacitors are connected together. When. their positive terminals are also connected together, then energy loss of whole system is wiry @tcm-mt wt @ Fryer WF cK tty Physies-XIl: Term—194. Which one of the following statements is true for the given circuit? ve30¥ Vye20V Pi +> Sy *y— a ~~ Oy= oF = SF (a) With S, dosed, V, = 15 Vy Vy = 20 V. @) With 8, closed, Vy = Vy = 25 V. (6) With S, and S, closed, 7 = 1 = 0. (@ With S, and 55 closed, V, = 90 V, Vp 95. A parallel plate capacitor is made by stacking n equally spaced plates connected alternatively. If the capacitance between any two adjacent plates is “C’, then the resultant eapacitance is, @ @+he O@=-Ne (ne me 96. A fully charged capacitor has a capacitance G. Itis discharged through a small coil of resistance ‘wire embedded in a thermally insulated block of specific heat capacity ‘s’ and mass 'm’, If the temperature of the block is raised by AT the potential difference I’ across the capacitance is (ey MCAT o [2a @ (20 @ Or 97. Two spherical conductors A and B of radii 1 mm and 2 mm are separated by a distance of 5 cm and are uniformly charged. If the spheres are connected by a conducting wire, then in equilibrium condition, the ratio of the magnitudes of the electric fields at the surfaces of spheres A and B is: @ at ° a1 @u4 98. A network of six identical capacitors, each of value C is made as shown in fig. The equivalent capacitance between points A and B is sr ws w Fe @ 46 lel plate capacitor with a dielectric of dielectric constant K between the plates has a capacitance C and is charged to a potential V volts. The dielectric slab is slowly removed from between the plates and then reinserted. The net work done by the system in this process is KH @ ey @ K-Ner? (©) zer0 @ Fee 100, If 343 droplets each of charge q and radius r are combined to form a big drop, then the potential of big drop, as compared to small droplet will be (a) 345 times () 49 times (©) 7 times (d) none of the above 101. distance I. is in stable sa Neen RA Taleb een 7'AE Ue (CBSE 2020 (55/1/1)| (6) zero qe (@) -246L | Potential and Capacitance | 39102. Ifa ps 1e charge in displaced against the electric field in which it was situated, then [CBSE 2020 (55/3/1) (@ work will be done by the electric field on the charge, (&) the intensity of the electric field decreases, (0) energy of the system will decrease. @ energy will be provided by external source displacing the change, 103. The capaci the eo 18 of capacitances C, and C, are co n, the ratio of the charge ected in parallel. Ifa charge Q is given to 1 C, to the charge on C, willl be [CBSE 2020 (55/3/1)) G i Oe a) V © VG @ 104, A charge Q is kept at the centre of a circle of radius r. A test charge qq is carried from a point X to the point ¥ on this circle such that are XY subtends an angle of 60° at the centre of the circle. The amount s of work done in this process will be (CBSE 2020 (55/3/2)] 1% ») 113% ©) ne, © Tres a 11520 (©) rer0 © Ge 105. A parallel plate capacitor is charged to V volt by a battery. The battery is disconnected and the separation between the plates is halved. ‘The new potential difference across the capacitor will be [CBSE 2020 (55/3/2)1 z @ > ov ov x ow oF 106. A charge Qs uniformly distributed over the surface of spherical shell of radius K. The work done in bringing a test charge Q, from its centre to its surface is [CBSE 2020 (55/3/3)] 1 1 BQ ©) Ge, Tre 2k 205 © ae (@) zero ‘Answers -@) @) BLL) 6.(0) Tia BE) 9) 1) fa) TR) TB) TA) 16.05) 17.) 18). OG) HG) 22.6). BLL) 25. (0) 26.6) AT) BBB) BHLU) BO) BL) -BRAL) 33. () 84.6) BB. (a) 36.0) 87.(a) 38.10) BB.d) A044) AL) 42 @) 4B.) AG 45H) 46.00) AT.) 4B.) 49. (0) 50.) SL (@)—B2@) BB.) BG) BBL) BB. a) 87. (2) 58.6) 59.(0)—60.(a)— I () GR.) BB.) BA.) 65. (0) 66.6) BT. (a) 68.0) 6B.(a)——TOW(@) THA) 2A (a) 73. (@) TA.) TB) TB) T.(h) TBS) B(a) BO. (0) 81. (0) 82) 8B @) BA) BBL) BH) BT) BB.) 89.) 90.) HR) — BL) OH) BAH). Ge) 97. (6) 9B (4) 9D. (e}_— 100.0) TOL )—TOR. Gd) 108, (@) 104. (e) 105. (a) 106. ) 40 | Physics-Xil: Term-1 (CoS See Sle Attempt any 4 sub-parts from each question. Each question carries I mark. 1. FARADAY CAGE: A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure made of a conducting material. The fields within a conductor cancel out with any external fields, so the electric field within the enclosure is zero, These Faraday cages act as big hollow concluctors you can put things in to shield them from electrical fields, Any electrical shocks the cage receives, pass harmlessly around the outside of the cage. ICBSE Sample Paper 2021) (i) Which of the following material can be used to make a Faraday cage? (@ Plastic © Glass (6) Copper (@) Wood Example of a real-world Faraday cage is ear (©) plastic box (©) lightning rod (@) metal rod What is the electrical force inside a Faraday cage when it is struck by lightning? (a) The same as the lightning (©) Half that of the lightning (©) Zero (@) A quavter of the lightning (iv) Anisolated point charge +9 is placed inside the Faraday cage. Its surface must have charge equal to (@) zer0 o+4 O4 (@) +29 () A point charge of 2 1G is placed at centre of Faraday cage in the shape of cube with surface cl Oca edger'The wanberuf deca dd lines pasting hroagiriheeibe mmaullywil bo (@)1.9 x 10? Nin entering the surface @® 1.9 x 10° Nm%C leaving the surface (©) 2.0 x 10° Nm4C leaving the surface @) 2.0 X 10° NnviC entering the surface Answers 1. (@ (6) Copper (Electric field inside a conductor is zero.) Gi) (@) car Body of the car is made up of coneductor,)\ (iit) (¢) Zero (As electric field inside itis zero.) ()_(¢) -q As from Gauss's law g,, must be zero for electric field inside itis zero.) (@) ()g= 2nC = 2x 10%C Nm? 5) = 8.85 x10 Now, total number of electric field Potential and Capacitance | 4142 2. EQUIPOTENTIAL SURFACE: All points in a field that have the same potential can be imagined as lying on a surface called an cequipotential surface. When a charge moves on such a surface no energy transfer occurs and no work is done. The force due to the field must therefore act at right angles to the equipotential ays intersect at ight angles Equipotential surfaces for a point charge are concentric spheres; there is a spherical symmetry. If the equipotential are deawn so that the change of potential from one to the next is constant then the spacing will be closer where the field is stronger. The closer the equipotentials, the shorter the distance that need be travelled to transfer a particular amount of energy: The surface ofa conductor in electrostatics (i¢., one in which no current is flowing) must be an equipotential surface since any difference of potential would eause a redistsibution of charg: until no field exist im it Field tines Field fines Equipotentials Equipotentials (i) Equipotential surface at a great distance from a collection of charges whose total sun not zero are approximately (a) spheres () planes (© paraboloids (a) ellipsoids (ii) Two equipotential surfaces have a potential of - 20 V and 80 V respectively, the difference in potential between these surfaces is (@ 100 © 9V js0v mov (iii) Equipotential surfaces (@) ave closer in regi fields () will be more crowded near sharp edges of a conductor 1s of higher electr ficlds compared to the regions of lower electric (©) will be more crowded near regions of lange change densit (@jall of the above from A to B ’ ' (@)cannotbe defined as — | F.dt ( mustbe defined as — fF. at (iv) The work done to move a charge along an equipotent (is zero (@) can have a non-zero value (©) The shape of equipotential surface for an infinite line charge is (@) parallel plane surface () parallel plane surface perpendicular to lines of force (©) coaxial cylindrical surface (@) none of these Physics—XIl: Term-1Answers 2. (@) A collection of charge located at a very large distance may be considered as a point chuge. Also, the equipotential surfaces for a point charge ave spherical. Therefore, the equipotential surfaces for a collection of charge form spheres. i) (@) Equipotential surface has same voltage (potential) at every point on the surface. = 20, f,=80V KK 20) = 100 ov ii) @) ae ee da el ey intensity is inversely proportional to the separation between equipotential surfaces. Ut) The electric field is lnger near the shaxp edges, du to Innger charge density as is very small SE CE Ee lee: (ll) Asthe electric field E = — and potential or field decreases as size of badly increases or (vice-versa), So, equipotential surfaces are more crowded if the change density ( 3) (0); As the potential on equipotential surface does not change so (Ws~/)) ") So, work done in moving a charge on equipotential surface is zero. (v) (The shape of equipotential surface for infinite line charge is conxial cylindrical surface, 3. FE PARALLEL-PLATE CONDENSATOR: Accondensator is a device that stores electrical surtace iioaa. energy in an elecvic field. It is a passive shetgedensiyo electronic component with two terminals. as Condenser or condensator are commercial Bre Te grSPRCECe ETS names of capacitor: The effect of a capacitor is Suan sed Fe ey Today capacitors (condensator) are widely see eee ease ee used in electronic circuits for blocking de caurvent while allowing ae current 10. pass they Sutaco Y charge density —6 In electric power aansmiission syst stablize voltage and power flow. The property of energy storage in capacitor was exploited as dynamic memory in early digital computers, and siill in modern DRAM. The simplest model of capacitor consist of two thin parallel conductive plates each with an area filled with a dielectric with permittivity ¢. It is assumed that the gap d is much smaller than the dimensions of the plates. Since, the separations between the plates is uniform over the plate a, the elects field betwi the plates E is constant and directed perpendicularly to the plate surface, except for an area near the edges of the plate where field decreases because the electric field lines bulge out of the sicles of capacitor. Potential and Capacitance | 43( Ifa parallel plate capacitor has n number of interleaved plates, area of plates is A and separation between them isd, then the (otal capacitance would be | Sod eyed a> oF Ey(a- DA a i) A capacitors jectric strength U, which sets the capacitors breakdown voltage at V = Ujd. The maximum energy stored in the capacitor is @ teau, ( eu, 1 sau 72 © FeMuy (a) ead} i) A capacitor is constructed from two conductive metal plates having 30 em x 50 em dimension which are spaced 6 mm apart from each other and use dry air as dielectric material, then the capacitance of the capacitor is (@) 0.99 nF @ 0.221 0F (2.21 pe (@) 2.21 nF (iv) A capacitor of capacitance 1 uF is filled with two constant 4 and 6, The new capacitance would be (@) 10 nF Tur (O5aF ane () A parallel plate capacitor is charged. Ifthe plates are pulled apart (@) the charge and potential difference remain the same (©) the total change increases (6) the potential difference increases (d) the capacitance increases Answers 44 ( (c}; For n number of plates in an interleaved capacitor, the total capacitance would be eA t=) = (nl) Gp where G, = ¢,, Al is the capacitance fora single plate and » is the number of interleaved plates. (i) (es A parallel plate capacitor can only store a finite amount of energy before iclectric breakdown occurs, The maximum energy that the capacitor ean store is therefore, eA a Gi) (0); The capacitance of parallel plate capacitor is given as C= 0.221 nF Physies-XIl: Term=1(G0) (0); The arrangement is equivalent t0 a parallel combination of two capacitors, each with plate area 4/2 and separation d, eA y= Sot, Ky A -La, +k) b> G58 = tne Given] (446) =3yh “2 (v) (c) “+ V = Bd, As £ remains the same, so V increases as distance inereases. ASSERTION-REASON QUESTIONS In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices. (a) (b) ) @ : z 3. 6 z Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. Ais true but Ris false. Ais false and R is also false. Assertion(A) : A capacitor can be given only a limited amount of charge. Reason (R) : After a limited value of charge, the dielectric strength of dielectric between the capacitor plates breaks down Assertion(A) + An applied electric field poiatises a polar dielectric. Reason (R) : The molecules of a polar dielectric possess a permanent dipole moment, but in the absence of electric field, these dipoles are randomly oriented and when ‘electric field is applied these dipoles align along the direction of electric field Assertion (A) + The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor increases with increase of distance hetween the plates Reason (R) : Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor te., Cee d Assertion (A) : The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor of medium between the plates, increases when a dielectric constant Reason (R) : Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is directly proportional to lectric constant of mediv n between the plates, Assertion (A) : When a changed capacitor is filled completely with a metallic slab, its capacitance is increased by a large amount. Reason (R) + The diclectric constant for metal is infinite, Assertion (A) : When changed capacitors are connected in parallel, the algebraic sum of charges remains constant but there is a loss of energy. Reason (R) + During sharing a charges, the energy conservation law does not hold. Assertion (A) : Change never flows fiom a condenser of higher capacity to the condenser of lower capacity [aus 2018] Reason (R) : Flow of charge between two bodies connected by a thin wire is determined by the charges on them, Assertion(A) + Ihe force between the plates of a parallel plane capacitor is proportional t0 charge on it [aus 2018] Reason (R) + Electric force is equal to charge per unit area. Potential and Capacitance | 459. Assertion (A) + In the absence of an externally applied electric field, the displacement per unit volume of polar dielectric material is always zero, (aus 2018] Reason (R) + In polar dielectrics, each molecule has a permanent dipole moment but these are randomly oriented in the absence ofan externally applied electric field 10. Assertion (A) : Lines of force are perpendicular to conductor surface. [Aus 2016) Reason (R) : Generally electric field is perpendicular to equipotential surface, Answers L@ %@ 8) 4) 5.(a) 60) 74d, 8.(0) 9% (a) 10.(a) HINTS/SOLUTIONS OF SELECTED MCQs He L @ C= v= 9/7 ya 2 gy 2 @) W=4ar = av=“p=sp=01V 3. (@) Due to repulsion between two electrons. The potential energy of the system increases. 4. (@) Because earth is a good conductor, 5. (¢) Charge are reside on the sur W =q(AF) = 0 = AV = 0, s0, = Constant, 6, (@) Blectric field kines are always perpendicular to the cquiporential surface. 7. (a) Blectric field lines are always perpendicular to the equipotential surface. 8. (¢) The positively charged particle experience electrostatic force along the divection of electric field, ie., from high clectrostatic potential to low electrostatic potential, Thus, the work done by the electric field on the positive charge, hence potential energy of positive charge decreases 9. (¢) ‘Thework done by an electrostatic force s given by W’= q(AV). Here initial and final potentials are same in all three cases and same charge is moved, so work done is same in all three cases. wv ay face of conductor, So, E = 0 inside the conductor then, = B= 0then dr Thus, E = 0 inside the changed conducting sphere 100 V at any point inside the sphere. 10. @) E => VSconstant uses, the same electrostatic potential LL. (@) The equipotential due to point charge are spherical in shape as electric potential due to point charge q is given by, V = 100 100 waalts 2! 100 + 100 In parallels, Then, Q 18. (¢) In series combination, G6 = Gy AG | Physics-Xil: Term-1KeyA K Ryd, +d) then & ; ata, Kd + Ryd, By comparing with C,, 14. @) F ==, since the electric field (F) is inversely proportional to the separation between equipotential surface. So, equipotential surface are closer in regions of large E. Gh +h, 15. (© Veoanea = "GG, where Gy = Capacitance of each capacitor Yon 19. 3x1 AV _ 300-(-100) ad 4 Voltage at 3 cm from second plate = 21. (©) The given point is zero. So, no work is done in bringing the change from the surface to the given point Therefore, the potential is same ie, 10 V. 20. (a) E = 100 Vfem 100 — (1. x 100) = 200 V. tensity inside the conductor jes insidle the conductor and electric field + Potential and Capacitance | 4722.) KE av =lexv=tev 23.) Amonnt of change, geamenry and size of conductor 24, (6) W = PE (cos 6, — cos 8.) = PE (cos 0° ~ cos 60°) = pelt W" = PE (cos 0° — cos 180°) = PE {1~(-l)} = 2PE 28, (0) Aswork done to move a change on equipotential surface is zero. 29.) Vga = “B 80. (¢) As the charge returned (o the initial position. 82. (6) E =Waqv =x 200 VSTxs 200 eV J 33. () Ww 34.) dm =W 36. (@) Let radius of bigger drop = R, radius of smaller droplet = r A, 3 ant = 1090%49" > R= lor. (1000 9) _ 1004 1 Potential of big drop = LO00#) _ 100ke Tor 5 fg Potential of small drop = <4 = ig dre tee _ 09 Vorulep 87. (a) Work done is given as W = gAV all the for cases the poten ial difference from A to B is same. ¢, Inall the four cases the work done is same. 30. id) caer) 42. @) Cy co Cs 48 | Physics-Xil: Term-143, Iisa ratio so doesn’t depends on either Q or I’ and thus remains constant. 44. (¢) Inall conductors charge is same. L 1 0 GnEte ntimes Le} times ance increases K times. AT. (0) As we know by inserting dielectric material capay e 1 1 0 = far oxior*" 9x 108 Band 49. (d) Cptere = 4 R60" = 50. (c) nC = 4X 0.5 = 2uF 51. (@) aE 52. (@ 6 53. @) W = QWo-Vp) 1000-410) =100 x 1.6 x 10°" x (14) 24 x 1078 54. (@) AsC=KCy=4x3=12pF A 55. (6) As Cae sd cat Now if distance be double capacitance will be half, 1.694 x 10°n Lev (Initial energy) Also capacitance after introducing dielectric = Potential and Capacitance | 4950 59, 60. 61. 62. 63. 64, (6) C, and C, are connected in series, their equivalent capacitance is 242 THE es capacitance of C3 and C, Cy = 1a uit represents Wheatstone’s bridge and capacitor Cy neglected. Equivalent capacitance of eireuit Gog Cg + Cy 4 Lope, @ = Battery is disconnected, : ie Therefore, charge is constant => U, = W773 Hence, total electrostatic enengy of resulting system is decreased by a factor of 2. (Change is invariant Q = 8p and mass - Anrto-s tar, =9 M=8n FaR%9=8 321594 R=2r ye Qanaye 4d = Gre, RAMA = Gres a osrew @ 10500 _ =a og = 50s (0) Electric field outside the plates = 52- ins oo Electric field inside the plates = 32 Physics—XIl: Term-174. (o) Bnergy stored in capacitor, U, Energy supplied by battery, U, 75. (d) Potential (V) due to a changed sphere at internal point is same as on its surface and at external point, Vat Ana L_[Ana*a —4nh?o + Ane om ang, | ¢ +d, we note | OV 4 Vag au) +f 76. (d) Foe tT ay ak 11. @ Inseries C= © and Vg = Vy + Va + Vg =P 18. () Workdone = Gain in KE. ne /20V PE (rage Me 79. (a) E, 8x E = -88 or 8 Vim along negative x-axis 80. () Potential at centre of. vost “aa (f+ r tal Ke K Fofeniidateentuncitcog 8 ANA lod . §2 | Physics-Xil: Term-1-. Potential difference, (a 0) - pO May Work done, W= q(¥,— 3) ah) 5 tre, yar 2) 81. (0) Initial energy = Final energy 2x 1x10 x 1x10 x9 x10" (b 2x10* 1 x 10 x9 v= 90 m/s io) eR Te Re Potential and Capacitance | 5387. (a) Potential difference between 4 and B 1 “5 are, a0) A = V2)" + 2) ‘ en 000.0) 5,0) 88. (dy 89. (d) Potentials ave added in series. Number of capacitors in series arrangement, 3,000 If m identical vows are connected in parallel. then, =6 Least number of capacitors mn = 6 X 6 = 36 90. (@) When battery is disconnected charge remains same eg" CBE, RAM) 20K eA? Work done by system, W {-x] So, tis false 91. (c) Charge induced on plate A due to charge Qo on plate Bis - Qo, charge -P1 induced on plate B due to charge Qj on plate A is ~ Qy Net charge on plate -o, A=Qi- Qe Net charge on plate B B= Qy~Q) = 4Q1~Qu) So change on capacitor = Qy ~ Qo Q- @ Pa. between the plates, 1 92. (a) The changes on the plates of the capacitor 4 are bound to each other; so no change will flow to B, so there will be only equal and opposite induced charges on second plate of eapacitor Aare held by strong electrostatic force. Hence, charge on capacitor B is zero. Cu tOK, With, 64 | Physics-Xil: Term-194. (@) Initial charge on C, Initial charge on Gy = 20 X 8 = 60 pC Clearly initial charges on C, and Cz are sames so when $, and Sy are closed; the capacitors are connected in series, so changes do not redistaibute and potential differences across C; and Cy 30 V, Fy = 20 V, 95. (0) plates form (# ~ 1) capacitors in parallel x2 = 60 pC remain as before | «. Net capacitance = (# ~ 1) G ‘Thermal energy ms AT 96. (Electrostatic energy Equivalent c c c a I ¢ i ¢ Hy . 4 joy fest f © a ‘a3 99. (¢) Initially work is done on the system andl while reinserting the slab equal work is done by the system. So, net work done by he system is zero. 100. (2) Let radius of bigger dvop its 343x007" aoe A334) _ 49 Potential ofbig drop = AG%4) _ 4k hy Potential of small drop = s+ i gate ag i.e dB Teg Ae Hsgatop = $F atop 101. @) ~9bE 102, (@) Since the positive charge is displaced against the clectuic field so the energy will be provided by external source in displacing the charge. = 103. (a) Potential difference across C, = V Potential difference across C3 = V I —v-_- Potential and Capacitance | 5556 disconnected the charge on the capacitor; Q = CV ey Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor, C= 7 When the separation between the plates is halved, < EG New potential difference ’ = 106. (@) Zero Potential at the center is equal to the pocential at the surface so the work done in moving the test charge from its centre ta its surface is zero. Physics—XIl: Term-1