Sekolah Islam Al Azhar Pati

SD Islam Al Azhar 48 Pati

2023/2024

Science Module

Bones and Skeleton

Grade IV - 1 SD

Ukhud Yulia Mulyaningsih, S.Pd.

 TIM PENYUSUN

Penanggung Jawab : Devi Amalia Agustyani, S. Pd.

Ketua : Rahastri Pundhi Sari, S.Pd.

Penulis : Ukhud Yulia Mulyaningsih, S.Pd.

Penelaah : Rahastri Pundhi Sari, S.Pd.

Layout dan Desain : Ukhud Yulia Mulyaningsih, S.Pd.

Terbitan Pertama : Juli 2023

Hak Cipta dilindungi oleh undang-undang

All right reserved

Diterbitkan oleh :

SEKOLAH ISLAM AL AZHAR PATI

Jl. Al Azhar Dk. Ngagul 03/07 Winong Pati

Telp. (0295) 392387

Pati 59112

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 DAFTAR ISI
Cover ....................................................................................................................i

Tim Penyusun .......................................................................................................ii

Daftar Isi ..............................................................................................................iii

Daftar Informasi Visual .........................................................................................iv

Purpose ................................................................................................................1

Vocabulary............................................................................................................1

Imtaq....................................................................................................................2

A. Bones and Skeleton ........................................................................................4

B. Muscles and Movement ...................................................................................6

C. Animal and Skeleton .......................................................................................7

Exercise ............................................................................................................... 9

Daftar Pustaka...................................................................................................... v

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 DAFTAR INFORMASI VISUAL
Picture 1. Human skeleton ......................................................................................4

Picture 2. Human skeleton .....................................................................................5

Picture 3. The Ribs ..................................................................................................5

Picture 4. The Skull .................................................................................................5

Picture 5. Muscles in the Human Body .....................................................................6

Picture 6. Biceps and Triceps Works..........................................................................6

Picture 7. Animal Skeleton ......................................................................................7

Picture 8. Vertebrates Skeleton ...............................................................................7

Picture 9. Invertebrates ...........................................................................................8

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Science Grade IV
 Unit 1 - Bones and Skeleton

Purpose
In this chapter, you will learn to
1. Identify some of the important bones in the human body.
2. Recognize that bones move because pairs of muscles.
3. Describe the important function of skeletons.
4. Identify vertebrates and invertebrates.

Vocabulary

1. Skeleton = Rangka
2. Bones = Tulang
3. Muscles = Otot
4. Backbones = Tulang Belakang
5. Move = Bergerak
6. Pairs = Berpasangan
7. Protect = Melindungi
8. Exoskeleton = Rangka luar
9. Invertebrates = Hewan tanpa tulang belakang
10. Vertebrates = Hewan bertulang belakang

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IMTAQ

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 A. Bones and Skeleton

1. What is a skeleton?

Press gently on different

parts of your body such as
the head, arm and leg. Do
you feel something hard
inside your body?

The hard inside our bodies are called bones. The bones form a
structure called a skeleton.

Picture 1. Human Skeleton

Source : Marshall cavendish
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Science Grade IV

 2. What are the functions of

the skeleton ?

Can you imagine how you

would look if you didn’t have a
skeleton ?

Our skeleton supports our body and gives it shape. Without

skeleton, we would be floppy like a jellyfish on the shore.

The spine supports the upper

Part of the body. It allows us to
stand up straight and walk in

Picture 2. Human Skeleton

Source : Marshall cavendish

Moreover our skeleton protects important parts or organs in our

body. For example, the ribs surround and protect our heart and lungs,
the skull protects the brain.

Picture 3. The ribs Picture 4. The skull

Source : Marshall cavendish Source : Marshall cavendish

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 B. Muscles and Movement

How do muscles work ?

Bones cannot move by

themselves. We are able to
move because we have muscle
that cover our skeleton.

Picture 5. Muscles in the human body

Source : Marshall cavendish

Muscles are made up of tough and elastic fibers. Muscles are also
found in some organs such as our heart, lungs and intestines.
Some of our muscles are attached to our bones. Our muscle pull on
our bones to make them move. Our muscle can pull on bones, but
cannot push on the bones. So our muscle need to work pairs in
order to make the bones move.

An example is the biceps and

triceps in our upper arm. They
work with our arm bones to allow
us to bend and straighten our arm.

Picture 6. Biceps and Triceps Works

Source : Marshall cavendish
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Science Grade IV

 C. Animal and Skeleton

Picture 7. Animal Skeleton

Source : Marshall cavendish

Many animals such as humans, have a column of bones that

supports their bodies. This is known as backbone. The backbone
is made of bones called vertebrae. Animals that have a backbone
are known as vertebrates. There are five groups of vertebrates :
fish, amphibious, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Picture 8. Vertebrates skeleton 7

Source : Marshall cavendish Science Grade IV

Animals that do not have a backbone are known as invertebrates.

Invertebrates such as worms have a soft body. Most of animals in the
world are invertebrates.

Picture 9. Invertebrates
Source : Marshall cavendish

Many invertebrates have a skeleton that is on the outside of their

bodies. This is called an exoskeleton. The hard and stiff exoskeleton
supports and protects the body of the animal.
Insects are the largest group of animals that have an exoskeleton. Their
exoskeletons do not grow as the animal grow. They have moveable
parts to allow the animals to move easily.

Picture 9. Invertebrates
Source : Marshall cavendish
Some animals have exoskeletons in the form of shell. These shells
grow as the animals get bigger.

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 EXERCISE
1. Identify the following bones in the human skeleton.

a. The set of bones that protects our brain

b. The bone that moves and allows us to talk and eat

c. The bone that supports our bodies

d. The bones that protect our heart and lungs

2. Are these statements true or false?

a. Muscles allow us to move ( …. )

b. Muscles move bones by pushing them ( …. )

c. All muscles in our body are joined to bones ( …..)

d. Biceps and triceps are skeletal muscles ( …. )

3. Look at this picture!

a. Are the biceps in the arms of child contracting or

relaxing?

b. Are the triceps contracting or relaxing?

c. Will the biceps and triceps contract or relax to

straighten his arm?

4. State three functions of the human skeleton!

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 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Tharle, Rachael. 2022. Cambridge Primary Science Pupil’s Book 4 Second
Edition. Singapore : Marshall Cavendish

Leng, Ho Peck. 2017. Marshall Cavendish Cambridge Primary Science Pupil’s

Book. Malaysia : Marshall Cavendish.

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